The influence of war on the fate of a person. Literary arguments

Fate is a chain of events that make up a person's life. War affects the course of these events in everyone's life. This means that war changes the fate of people. She invades their lives. It invades mercilessly, fearfully, irreparably.

Writer Boris Gorbatov in his work "The Deserter" writes about how the war affected the fate of an ordinary guy, how it almost broke his life. The main character is Kirill Zhurba, a soldier who fled from the battlefield. He is very young, he never knew what war is.

I think one cannot say that Kirill Zhurba is a coward and a scoundrel. After all, war is an ordeal. But only strong personalities can withstand it. And such weak people like Cyril, the war breaks. They cannot cope with their inner fear, fully realize what is happening around.

Kirill has a conscience. The guy realizes that he did the wrong thing, but he was unable to stay on the battlefield. At that moment, his mind was clouded. He came to native home and told his mother that he was only released for an hour. He was ashamed, I think, for his cowardice, his act, so he lied.

As a result, everyone turns away from Kirill Zhurba - he is tried for desertion. The verdict was announced to him: execution. It was a difficult time - the beginning of the war. His act excited everyone. And then he rethinks his life, wants to go back to the front. "If only it was possible to find myself again among the comrades, tell them about the torment and shame of these days, redeem, prove, justify ... Too late!" But Zhurba was pardoned, they gave him a chance to atone for his guilt.

And Mikhail Sholokhov in the story "The Fate of a Man" shows us the fate of the Russian soldier, who turned out to be strong by nature, and even the war could not break him. She remained forever in his eyes, which became "as if sprinkled with ashes."

Even at the front, Andrei Sokolov wrote a letter to his wife. I received an answer two weeks later from a neighbor, Ivan Timofeevich. In June 1942, a bomb hit his house, his wife and both daughters were killed. The son was not at home. Upon learning of the death of his relatives, the son volunteered for the war. When Andrei Sokolov was demobilized, he did not withdraw into himself, but found new meaning life. Adopted a homeless lonely boy Vanya.

The conclusion suggests itself: war has a very strong effect on human life. In war, people recognize themselves and loved ones from the other side. Some are capable of betrayal, meanness. There are people who seem to be not cowards, like Kirill Zhurba, but they run away from the battlefield because they are not able to withstand an ordeal. And those who are capable do not despair, and even after hostilities continue to live with dignity and benefit people.

The author wishes to draw the attention of readers to the bravery of those who fought. To do this, Boris Vasiliev retells the legend of unknown soldier who defended Brest Fortress from the Germans. The author admires the courage of the defender, because he fought alone to save the Motherland. "A year of fighting in obscurity, without neighbors on the left and right, without orders and rear services, without change and letters from home."

Boris Vasiliev also talks about old woman, who lost her son Nikolai in the war, and every year on June 22 comes to Brest. The author notes that the woman does not leave the station, but all day reads the inscription on the plate that hangs at the entrance to the station. B.L. Vasiliev wants to show how important it is for a woman to know that her son was a worthy defender of the Fatherland. “You don’t need to explain anything to her: it’s not so important where our sons lie. What matters is what they fought for. "

I will prove my point by referring to Leo Tolstoy's epic novel War and Peace, which describes the events of the 1812 war. Petya Rostov is still a very young boy. But, seeing the danger that threatens his homeland, he decided to go to fight. Petya asked his father to arrange him for the service under the threat of escape. No matter how his mother, Princess Natalya Rostova, tried to persuade his beloved son to abandon this idea, young Rostov insisted on his own. Petya went to war, but did not return from there. He died with dignity, as real warrior, soldier. But how much pain Petya's death brought to his parents! L.N. With this episode Tolstoy showed how the war took the lives of very young boys.

Another example that confirms my idea is the events of the Great Patriotic War. When they announced its beginning, many boys, having barely finished school or even not finishing their studies, went to the front. They were forbidden because of their young age, but they ran away anyway, because they knew the danger threatening their homeland. Soviet Union won this war, but at what cost! Tens of millions killed and wounded. Every family had a loss, an irreparable loss. Father, husband, brother or son are gone. All of them are heroes, after all, not sparing their lives, they defended the Motherland. This war did not spare anyone, even unarmed people in the rear, who were looking forward to the end of the horror that was happening around. There were also many killed among them.

So, war is a terrible phenomenon that people should avoid, because its victims are human lives. I would like to believe that such cruel ordeals will not be repeated in the future.

It's coming to an end school education... Now in the center of attention of all students It is not a secret for anyone that very a large number of points can be obtained by writing an essay. That is why in this article we will write an essay plan in detail and discuss the most common topic of the exam on the problem of courage. Of course, there are quite a few topics: attitude to the Russian language, the role of mother, teacher, childhood in human life, and many others. Pupils have a particular difficulty in arguing for the problem of courage.

Many talented writers have dedicated their works to the theme of heroism and courage, but they are not so firmly settled in our memory. In this regard, we will refresh them a little and give the best arguments to defend your point of view from fiction.

Essay plan

To begin with, we suggest that you familiarize yourself with the plan for the correct essay, which, if all the points are available, will bring you the maximum possible points.

The writing of the exam in the Russian language is very different from the essay on social studies, literature, and so on. This work has strict form which it is better not to violate. So, what the plan of our future composition looks like:

1. Introduction. What is the purpose of this paragraph? We need to smoothly lead our reader to the main problem raised in the text. This is a small paragraph, which consists of three or four sentences, but clearly refers to the topic of your essay.
2. Problem identification. In this part, we say that we have read the text proposed for analysis and identified one of the problems. When you point out a problem, think about the arguments ahead of time. As a rule, there are two or more of them in the text, choose the most advantageous for you.
3. Your comment. Need to explain describe it. This should take you no more than seven sentences.
4. Note the position of the author, what he thinks and how he relates to the problem. Is he trying to do something about it?
5. Your position. You must write whether you agree with the author of the text or not, justify your answer.
6. Arguments. There should be two of them (from literature, history, personal experience). Teachers still suggest making a reliance on arguments from literature.
7. Conclusion of no more than three sentences. Draw a conclusion to everything that you said, summarize. Possible and such a variant of the end, as a rhetorical question. It will make you think, and the essay will be finished quite effectively.

As you can see from the plan, the hardest part is argumentation. Now we will select examples for the problem of courage, we will use exclusively literary sources.

"The fate of man"

The theme of the problem of courage is the main idea of ​​Mikhail Sholokhov's story "The Fate of a Man". Selflessness and courage are the main concepts that characterize the protagonist Andrei Sokolov. Our character is able to overcome all the obstacles that fate has in store for him, to carry his cross with his head held high. He shows these qualities not only during military service but also in captivity.

It seemed that the worst was over, but the trouble did not come alone, there was another very difficult test ahead - the death of his loved ones. Now in Andrei speaks dedication, he gathered his last strength into a fist and visited the very place where there was once a quiet and family life.

"And the dawns here are quiet"

The problem of courage and resilience is reflected in such a work as Vasiliev's story. Only here these qualities are attributed to fragile and delicate creatures - girls. This work tells that Russian women can also be real heroes, fight on an equal footing with men and defend their interests even in such global terms.

The author tells about the difficult fate of several women completely different from each other, who were brought together by a great misfortune - the Great Patriotic War... Although their life used to take shape in different ways, they all had the same end - death while completing a combat mission.

The story of a real man

Which is found in many and in the "Tale of a Real Man" by Boris Polevoy.

V work goes we are talking about the plight of the pilot who loved the sky very much. For him, flight is the meaning of life, like wings for a bird. But they were cut off to him by a German fighter. Despite his injuries, Meresiev crawled through the forest for a very long time, he had no water or food. He overcame this difficulty, but there were more to come. He lost his legs, he had to learn how to use prostheses, but this man was so strong in spirit that he even learned to dance on them.

Despite the large number of obstacles, Meresiev regained wings. The heroism and dedication of the hero can only be envied.

"Not on the lists"

Since we are interested in the problem of courage, we selected arguments from literature about war and hard fate heroes. Also, the novel by Boris Vasiliev "Not on the Lists" is dedicated to the fate of Nikolai, who had just graduated from college, went to work and came under fire. He did not appear in any documents at all, but it did not occur to him to flee like a "rat from a ship", he bravely fought and defended the honor of his homeland.

The influence of war on the fate of a person is a topic that thousands of books are devoted to. In theory, everyone knows what war is. Those who have felt her monstrous touch on themselves are much less. War is a constant companion human society... It contradicts all moral laws, but, despite this, every year the number of people affected by it is growing.

A soldier's fate

The soldier's image has always inspired writers and filmmakers. In books and films, he commands respect and admiration. In life - detached pity. The state needs a soldier as a nameless manpower. His crippled fate can only worry those close to him. The influence of war on the fate of a person is indelible, regardless of what caused the participation in it. And there can be many reasons. Starting from the desire to protect the homeland and ending with the desire to earn money. One way or another, it is impossible to win the war. Each of its participants is knowingly defeated.

In 1929, a book was published, the author of which, fifteen years before this event, dreamed of getting to his homeland at all costs, nothing excited his imagination. He wanted to see the war, because he believed that only she could make a real writer out of him. His dream came true: he received many plots, reflected them in his work and became known throughout the world. The book in question is Farewell to Arms. Written by Ernest Hemingway.

The writer knew firsthand how war affects the fate of people, how it kills and maims them. He divided the people related to her into two categories. The first included those who are fighting on the front lines. The second - those who kindle the war. About the last American classic judged unequivocally, believing that the instigators should be shot in the first days of hostilities. The influence of war on the fate of a person, according to Hemingway, is devastating. After all, it is nothing more than "an impudent, dirty crime."

Illusion of immortality

Many young people begin to fight, subconsciously not knowing about a possible ending. The tragic end in their thoughts does not correspond to their own destiny. The bullet will overtake anyone, but not him. He can safely bypass the mine. But the illusion of immortality and excitement dissipate like yesterday's dream during the first hostilities. And with a successful outcome, another person returns home. He is not returning alone. With him is the war, which becomes his companion until last days life.

Revenge

About the atrocities of Russian soldiers in last years began to speak almost openly. Books by German authors, eyewitnesses of the Red Army's march to Berlin, have been translated into Russian. The feeling of patriotism weakened for some time in Russia, which made it possible to write and talk about mass rapes and inhuman atrocities perpetrated by the victors in Germany in 1945. But what should be the psychological reaction of a person after native land an enemy appeared and destroyed his family and home? The influence of war on a person's fate is impartial and does not depend on which camp he belongs to. Everyone becomes a victim. The real perpetrators of such crimes remain, as a rule, unpunished.

About responsibility

In 1945-1946, a trial was held in Nuremberg to try the leaders of Nazi Germany. The convicted were sentenced to death penalty or a long imprisonment. As a result of the titanic work of investigators and lawyers, sentences corresponding to the gravity of the crime committed were passed.

After 1945, wars continue throughout the world. But the people who untie them are confident in their absolute impunity. More than half a million Soviet soldiers died during Afghan war... Approximately fourteen thousand Russian military personnel account for losses in Chechen war... But no one was punished for the unleashed madness. None of the perpetrators of these crimes died. The influence of war on a person is even more terrible because in some, albeit rare cases, it contributes to material enrichment and strengthening of power.

Is war a noble cause?

Five hundred years ago, the leader of the state personally led his subjects into the attack. He risked the same as the rank and file fighters. The picture has changed over the past two hundred years. The influence of war on a person has become deeper, because there is no justice and nobility in it. Military inspirers prefer to sit out in the rear, hiding behind the backs of their soldiers.

Ordinary fighters, finding themselves on the front line, are guided by a persistent desire to be saved at any cost. To do this, there is a rule "shoot first." The one who shoots second inevitably dies. And the soldier, pulling the trigger, no longer thinks about the fact that there is a man in front of him. A click occurs in the psyche, after which it is difficult, almost impossible to live among people who are not versed in the horrors of war.

More than twenty five million people died in the Great Patriotic War. Every Soviet family experienced grief. And this grief left a deep painful imprint that was passed on even to descendants. The female sniper, who has 309 lives, commands respect. But in modern world the former soldier will not find understanding. The stories of his murders are more likely to create alienation. How does war affect the fate of a person in modern society? As well as on the participant in the liberation of Soviet land from the German invaders. The only difference is that the defender of his land was a hero, and whoever fought on the opposite side was a criminal. Today, the war is devoid of meaning and patriotism. Not even a fictional idea has been created, for the sake of which it is kindled.

Lost generation

Hemingway, Remarque and other authors of the 20th century wrote about how war affects the fate of people. It is extremely difficult for an immature person to adapt to a peaceful life in the post-war years. They have not yet had time to get an education, their moral positions before appearing at the recruiting station, they were fragile. The war destroyed in them what had not yet appeared. And after that - alcoholism, suicide, insanity.

Nobody needs these people, they are lost to society. There is only one person who will accept a crippled fighter for what he has become, will not turn away and will not abandon him. This man is his mother.

Woman at war

A mother who loses her son is unable to come to terms with it. No matter how heroically the soldier died, the woman who gave birth to him will never be able to come to terms with his death. Patriotism and high words lose their meaning and become ridiculous next to her grief. The influence of war on becomes unbearable when this person is a woman. AND it comes not only about soldiers' mothers, but also about those who, on an equal basis with men, take up arms. A woman was created for the birth of a new life, but not for its destruction.

Children and war

Why is war not worth it? It is not worth a human life, a mother's grief. And she is not able to justify a single tear of a child. But those who conceive this bloody crime do not even touch baby crying. World history full of horrible pages that tell of atrocious crimes against children. Despite the fact that history is a science, necessary for a person in order to avoid mistakes of the past, people keep repeating them.

Children not only die in the war, they die after it. But not physically, but morally. It was after the First World War that the term "child homelessness" appeared. it social phenomenon has different prerequisites for the emergence. But the most powerful of them is war.

In the twenties, orphaned children of war filled the cities. They had to learn to survive. They did this with the help of begging and theft. The first steps in a life in which they are hated turned them into criminals and wicked creatures. How does war affect the fate of a person who is just beginning to live? It deprives him of his future. But only Lucky case and someone's participation can turn a child who has lost his parents in the war into a full-fledged member of society. The impact of war on children is so profound that the country that participated in it has to suffer the consequences for decades.

The belligerents today are divided into "killers" and "heroes." They are not the same and not the other. A soldier is someone who is unlucky twice. For the first time - when he got to the front. The second time - when I returned from there. Murder depresses a person. Awareness sometimes does not come immediately, but much later. And then hatred and a desire for revenge settles in the soul, which makes unhappy not only the former soldier, but also his loved ones. And it is necessary to judge for this the organizers of the war, those who, according to Leo Tolstoy, being the lowest and most vicious people, received power and glory as a result of the implementation of their plans.

THE PROBLEM OF STABILITY AND COURAGE OF THE RUSSIAN ARMY DURING MILITARY TESTS

1. In the novel by L.N. Tostogo "War and Peace" Andrei Bolkonsky convinces his friend Pierre Bezukhov that the battle is won by an army that wants to defeat the enemy by all means, and does not have a better disposition. On the Borodino field, every Russian soldier fought desperately and selflessly, knowing that behind him is the ancient capital, the heart of Russia, Moscow.

2. In the story by B.L. Vasilyeva "The dawns here are quiet ..." Five young girls who opposed the German saboteurs died defending their homeland. Rita Osyanina, Zhenya Komelkova, Liza Brichkina, Sonya Gurvich and Galya Chetvertak could have survived, but they were sure that they had to fight to the end. The anti-aircraft gunners showed courage and endurance, showed themselves to be true patriots.

THE PROBLEM OF TENDERNESS

1. an example of sacrificial love is Jen Eyre, the heroine eponymous novel Charlotte Brontë. Jen happily became the eyes and hands of the person most dear to her when he went blind.

2. In the novel by L.N. Tolstoy's "War and Peace" Marya Bolkonskaya patiently endures her father's severity. She loves the old prince, despite his difficult character... The princess does not even think about the fact that her father is often overly demanding of her. Marya's love is sincere, pure, light.

THE PROBLEM OF PRESERVATION OF HONOR

1. In the novel by A.S. Pushkin " Captain's daughter"for Peter Grinev, the most important life principle was an honor. Even facing the threat of the death penalty, Peter, who had sworn allegiance to the empress, refused to recognize the sovereign in Pugachev. The hero understood that this decision could cost him his life, but a sense of duty prevailed over fear. Alexey Shvabrin, on the other hand, committed treason and lost his own dignity when he joined the camp of an impostor.

2. The problem of preserving honor is raised in the story of N.V. Gogol's "Taras Bulba". The two sons of the protagonist are completely different. Ostap is an honest and courageous person. He never betrayed his comrades and died like a hero. Andriy is a romantic person. For the love of the Polish woman, he betrays his homeland. Personal interests are in the foreground. Andrii dies at the hands of his father, who could not forgive the betrayal. Thus, you should always be honest with yourself first.

THE PROBLEM OF COMMITTED LOVE

1. In the novel by A.S. Pushkin's "The Captain's Daughter" Pyotr Grinev and Masha Mironova love each other. Peter defends the honor of his beloved in a duel with Shvabrin, who insulted the girl. In turn, Masha saves Grinyov from exile when she “asks for mercy” from the Empress. Thus, mutual assistance is at the heart of the relationship between Masha and Peter.

2. Selfless love- one of the themes of the novel by M.A. Bulgakov's "The Master and Margarita". A woman is able to accept the interests and aspirations of her lover as her own, and helps him in everything. The master writes a novel - and this becomes the content of Margarita's life. She rewrites completely finished chapters, tries to keep the master calm and happy. In this, a woman sees her destiny.

THE PROBLEM OF REPENTANCE

1. In the novel by F.M. Dostoevsky's "Crime and Punishment" shows the long road to repentance of Rodion Raskolnikov. Confident in the validity of his theory of "resolving blood by conscience", the main character despises himself for his own weakness and does not realize the gravity of the crime. However, faith in God and love for Sonya Marmeladova lead Raskolnikov to repentance.

THE PROBLEM OF SEARCHING FOR THE MEANING OF LIFE IN THE MODERN WORLD

1. In the story of I.A. Bunin "Mr. from San Francisco" American millionaire served the "golden calf". The main character believed that the meaning of life lies in the accumulation of wealth. When the Lord died, it turned out that true happiness passed him by.

2. In Leo Nikolaevich Tolstoy's novel War and Peace, Natasha Rostova sees the meaning of family life, love for family and friends. After the wedding with Pierre Bezukhov, the main character refuses high life, is completely dedicated to the family. Natasha Rostova found her destiny in this world and became truly happy.

THE PROBLEM OF LITERARY ILLITERANCE AND LOW LEVEL OF EDUCATION AMONG YOUNG PEOPLE

1. In "Letters about good and beautiful" D.S. Likhachev claims that a book teaches a person better than any work. The famous scientist admires the book's ability to educate a person, to shape her inner world. Academician D.S. Likhachev comes to the conclusion that it is books that teach to think, make a person intelligent.

2. Ray Bradbury in Fahrenheit 451 shows what happened to humanity after all the books were completely destroyed. It may seem that in such a society does not exist social problems... The answer lies in the fact that it is simply spiritless, since there is no literature that can make people analyze, think, and make decisions.

THE PROBLEM OF UPBRINGING CHILDREN

1. In the novel by I.A. Goncharova "Oblomov" Ilya Ilyich grew up in an atmosphere of constant guardianship from parents and educators. As a child, the main character was inquisitive and active child, but excessive care led to the apathy and weakness of Oblomov during adult life.

2. In the novel by L.N. Tolstoy's "War and Peace" in the Rostov family, the spirit of mutual understanding, loyalty and love reigns. Thanks to this, Natasha, Nikolai and Petya became worthy people, inherited kindness and nobility. Thus, the conditions created by the Rostovs contributed to harmonious development their children.

THE PROBLEM OF THE ROLE OF PROFESSIONALISM

1. In the story by B.L. Vasilyeva "My horses are flying ..." Doctor Yanson from Smolensk works tirelessly. The main character hurries to help the sick in any weather. Thanks to his responsiveness and professionalism, Dr. Janson managed to win the love and respect of all residents of the city.

2.

THE PROBLEM OF A SOLDIER'S FATE IN THE WAR

1. The fate of the main heroines of the story by B.L. Vasilyeva "And the dawns here are quiet ...". Five young anti-aircraft gunners opposed the German saboteurs. The forces were not equal: all the girls were killed. Rita Osyanina, Zhenya Komelkova, Liza Brichkina, Sonya Gurvich and Galya Chetvertak could have survived, but they were sure that they had to fight to the end. The girls have become examples of perseverance and courage.

2. V. Bykov's story "Sotnikov" tells about two partisans who were captured by the Germans during the Great Patriotic War. Further destiny the soldier has developed in different ways. So Rybak betrayed his homeland and agreed to serve the Germans. Sotnikov refused to surrender and chose death.

THE PROBLEM OF EGOISM OF A MAN IN LOVE

1. In the story of N.V. Gogol "Taras Bulba" Andriy, because of his love for the Pole, went into the camp of the enemy, betrayed his brother, father, homeland. The young man, without hesitation, decided to go out with arms against his yesterday's comrades. For Andriy, personal interests come first. A young man dies at the hands of his father, who could not forgive the betrayal and selfishness of his younger son.

2. It is unacceptable when love becomes an obsession, as in the case of the main character P. Zuskind "Perfume. The Story of a Murderer". Jean-Baptiste Grenouille is incapable of high feelings. All that is of interest to him is smells, the creation of a scent that inspires love in people. Grenouille is an example of an egoist who goes to the most serious crimes to fulfill his meta.

THE PROBLEM OF BREACH

1. In the novel by V.A. Kaverina "Two Captains" Romashov repeatedly betrayed the people around him. At school, Romashka overheard and reported to the head everything that was said about him. Later Romashov went so far as to collect information proving the guilt of Nikolai Antonovich in the death of the expedition of Captain Tatarinov. All Chamomile's actions are low, destroying not only his life but also the fate of other people.

2. Even deeper consequences are entailed by the action of the hero of the story by V.G. Rasputin "Live and Remember". Andrey Guskov deserts and becomes a traitor. This irreparable mistake not only dooms him to loneliness and expulsion from society, but also causes the suicide of his wife Nastya.

APPEARANCE DECEPTION PROBLEM

1. In Leo Nikolaevich Tolstoy's novel "War and Peace", Helen Kuragin, despite her brilliant appearance and success in society, is not distinguished by the rich inner peace... Her main priorities in life are money and fame. Thus, in the novel, this beauty is the embodiment of evil and spiritual fall.

2. In Victor Hugo's novel "Cathedral Notre dame de paris"Quasimodo is a hunchback who has overcome many difficulties throughout his life. The appearance of the protagonist is completely unattractive, but behind it is a noble and beautiful soul, capable of sincere love.

THE PROBLEM OF WAR TRAITING

1. In the story of V.G. Rasputin's "Live and Remember" Andrei Guskov deserts and becomes a traitor. At the beginning of the war, the main character fought honestly and courageously, went to reconnaissance, never hid behind the backs of his comrades. However, after a while Guskov wondered why he should fight. At that moment, selfishness prevailed, and Andrei made an irreparable mistake, which doomed him to loneliness, expulsion from society and became the reason for the suicide of his wife Nastena. Pangs of conscience tormented the hero, but he was no longer able to change anything.

2. In the story "Sotnikov" by V. Bykov, the partisan Rybak betrays his homeland and agrees to serve "Great Germany". His comrade Sotnikov, on the other hand, is an example of resilience. Despite the unbearable pain he experiences during the torture, the partisan refuses to tell the truth to the police. The fisherman realizes the baseness of his deed, wants to run, but realizes that there is no turning back.

THE PROBLEM OF THE INFLUENCE OF LOVE FOR THE MOTHERLAND ON CREATIVITY

1. Yu. Ya. Yakovlev in the story "Awakened by the Nightingales" writes about the difficult boy Selyuzhenka, whom the people around did not like. One night, the protagonist heard the trill of a nightingale. Wonderful sounds amazed the child, aroused interest in creativity. Selyuzhenok enrolled in art school, and since then, the attitude of adults towards him has changed. The author convinces the reader that nature awakens in the human soul best qualities, helps to unleash creativity.

2. Love to native land - main motive creativity of the painter A.G. Venetsianov. A number of paintings dedicated to the life of ordinary peasants belong to his brush. "The Reapers", "Zakharka", "The Sleeping Shepherd" - these are my favorite canvases of the artist. Everyday life ordinary people, the beauty of the nature of Russia prompted A.G. Venetsianov to create paintings that have been attracting the attention of viewers with their freshness and sincerity for more than two centuries.

THE PROBLEM OF THE INFLUENCE OF CHILD'S MEMORIES ON HUMAN LIFE

1. In the novel by I.A. Goncharova "Oblomov" the protagonist considers childhood itself happy sometimes... Ilya Ilyich grew up in an atmosphere of constant guardianship from his parents and educators. Excessive care became the reason for Oblomov's apathy in adulthood. It seemed that love for Olga Ilyinskaya was supposed to wake up Ilya Ilyich. However, his lifestyle remained unchanged, because the way of his native Oblomovka forever left a mark on the fate of the protagonist. Thus, childhood memories influenced life path Ilya Ilyich.

2. In the poem "My Way" S.A. Yesenin admitted that his childhood years played important role in his work. Sometime at the age of nine, the boy, inspired by the nature of his native village, wrote his first work. Thus, childhood predetermined the life path of S.A. Yesenin.

THE PROBLEM OF CHOOSING A LIFE PATH

1. The main theme of the novel by I.A. Goncharova "Oblomov" - the fate of a man who failed to choose the right path in life. The writer emphasizes that apathy and inability to work turned Ilya Ilyich into an idle person. Lack of willpower and any interests did not allow the main character to become happy and realize his potential.

2. From M. Mirsky's book "Healing with a scalpel. Academician NN Burdenko" I learned that an outstanding doctor first studied at a theological seminary, but soon realized that he wanted to devote himself to medicine. Having entered the university, N.N. Burdenko became interested in anatomy, which soon helped him become a famous surgeon.
3. D.S. Likhachev in "Letters about the Good and the Beautiful" asserts that "you need to live your life with dignity so that you will not be ashamed to remember." With these words, the academician emphasizes that fate is unpredictable, but it is important to remain a magnanimous, honest and not indifferent person.

THE PROBLEM OF DOG LOYALTY

1. In the story of G.N. Troepolsky "White Bim Black ear"told tragic fate Scottish setter. Bim the dog is desperately trying to find its owner, who has had a heart attack. On its way, the dog encounters difficulties. Unfortunately, the owner finds the pet after the dog has been killed. Bima can be confidently called a true friend, devoted to the owner until the end of his days.

2. In Eric Knight's novel Lassie, the Carraclough family is forced to give their collie to other people due to financial difficulties. Lassie yearns for her former owners, and this feeling only intensifies when the new owner takes her away from her home. Collie escapes and overcomes many obstacles. Despite all the difficulties, the dog reunites with its previous owners.

THE PROBLEM OF EXCELLENCE IN ART

1. In the story of V.G. Korolenko "The Blind Musician" Peter Popelsky had to overcome many difficulties in order to find his place in life. Despite his blindness, Petrus became a pianist who, with his playing, helped people become purer in heart and kinder soul.

2. In the story of A.I. Kuprin "Taper" boy Yuri Agazarov is a self-taught musician. The writer emphasizes that the young pianist is surprisingly talented and hardworking. The boy's giftedness does not go unnoticed. His performance impressed the famous pianist Anton Rubinstein. So Yuri became known throughout Russia as one of the most talented composers.

THE PROBLEM OF THE IMPORTANCE OF LIFE EXPERIENCE TO WRITERS

1. In Boris Pasternak's novel Doctor Zhivago, the protagonist is fond of poetry. Yuri Zhivago is a witness to the revolution and civil war... These events are reflected in his poems. So life itself inspires the poet to create beautiful works.

2. The theme of the vocation of the writer is raised in the novel by Jack London "Martin Eden". The main character is a sailor who has been doing hard physical labor for many years. Martin Eden visited different countries, saw the life of ordinary people. It all became main theme his creativity. So life experience allowed a simple sailor to become a famous writer.

THE PROBLEM OF THE INFLUENCE OF MUSIC ON THE MENTAL STATE OF A MAN

1. In the story of A.I. Kuprin " Garnet bracelet"Vera Sheina experiences spiritual cleansing to the sounds of Beethoven's sonata. classical music, the heroine calms down after the experiences she has endured. The magic sounds of the sonata helped Vera to find inner balance, to find the meaning of her future life.

2. In the novel by I.A. Goncharova "Oblomov" Ilya Ilyich falls in love with Olga Ilyinskaya when he listens to her singing. The sounds of the aria "Casta Diva" awaken feelings in his soul that he has never experienced. I.A. Goncharov emphasizes that for a long time Oblomov had not felt "such vigor, such a strength that seemed to rise from the bottom of his soul, ready for a feat."

THE PROBLEM OF MOTHER'S LOVE

1. In the story of A.S. Pushkin's "The Captain's Daughter" describes the scene of Pyotr Grinev's farewell to his mother. Avdotya Vasilievna was depressed when she learned that her son needed to leave for the service for a long time. Saying goodbye to Peter, the woman could not hold back her tears, because for her there could be nothing more difficult than parting with her son. Avdotya Vasilievna's love is sincere and immense.
THE PROBLEM OF THE IMPACT OF WORKS OF ART ABOUT WAR ON A PERSON

1. In Lev Kassil's story The Great Confrontation, Sima Krupitsyna listened to news bulletins from the front every morning on the radio. One day the girl heard the song "Holy War". Sima was so excited by the words of this national anthem that she decided to go to the front. This is how the work of art inspired the main character to a feat.

THE PROBLEM OF PALSE SCIENCE

1. In the novel by V.D. Dudintseva "White clothes" Professor Ryadno is deeply convinced of the correctness of the biological doctrine, approved by the party. For personal gain, the academician is launching a fight against genetic scientists. Row fiercely defends pseudoscientific views and goes to the most dishonorable deeds in order to achieve fame. Fanaticism of the academician leads to the death of talented scientists, the cessation of important research.

2. G.N. Troepolsky in the story "Candidate of Sciences" opposes those who defend false views and ideas. The writer is convinced that such scientists hinder the development of science and, consequently, society as a whole. In the story of G.N. Troepolsky emphasizes the need to combat pseudoscientists.

THE PROBLEM OF LATE REPENTANCE

1. In the story of A.S. Pushkin " Stationmaster Samson Vyrin was left alone after his daughter fled with Captain Minsky. The old man did not lose hope of finding Dunya, but all attempts remained unsuccessful. The caretaker died of melancholy and despair. Only a few years later did Dunya come to her father's grave. The girl felt guilty for the death of the caretaker, but remorse came too late.

2. In the story of K.G. Paustovsky "Telegram" Nastya left her mother and went to St. Petersburg to build a career. Katerina Petrovna had a presentiment of imminent death and more than once asked her daughter to visit her. However, Nastya remained indifferent to the fate of her mother and did not have time to come to her funeral. The girl repented only at the grave of Katerina Petrovna. So K.G. Paustovsky argues that you need to be attentive to your loved ones.

THE PROBLEM OF HISTORICAL MEMORY

1. V.G. Rasputin in his essay "Eternal Field" writes about his impressions of the trip to the site of the Battle of Kulikovo. The writer notes that more than six hundred years have passed and during this time a lot has changed. However, the memory of this battle still lives on thanks to the obelisks erected in honor of the ancestors who defended Russia.

2. In the story by B.L. Vasilyeva "And the dawns here are quiet ..." five girls fell, fighting for their homeland. Many years later, their comrade-in-arms Fedot Vaskov and Rita Osyanina's son Albert returned to the place where the anti-aircraft gunners were killed in order to set up a tombstone and perpetuate their feat.

THE PROBLEM OF THE LIFE WAY OF THE GIFTED PERSON

1. In the story by B.L. Vasilyeva "My horses are flying ..." Doctor of Smolensk Yanson is an example of disinterestedness combined with high professionalism. A talented doctor every day, in any weather, rushed to help patients, without demanding anything in return. For these qualities, the doctor won the love and respect of all residents of the city.

2. In the tragedy of A.S. Pushkin's "Mozart and Salieri" tells the life story of two composers. Salieri writes music in order to become famous, and Mozart serves art unselfishly. Because of envy, Salieri poisoned the genius. Despite the death of Mozart, his works live and excite the hearts of people.

THE PROBLEM OF THE DESTROYING CONSEQUENCES OF WAR

1. In the story of A. Solzhenitsyn “ Matrenin dvor"Depicts the life of the Russian village after the war, which led not only to economic decline, but also to the loss of morality. The villagers lost part of their economy, became callous and heartless. Thus, the war leads to irreparable consequences.

2. In the story of M.A. Sholokhov's "The Fate of a Man" shows the life of a soldier Andrei Sokolov. His house was destroyed by the enemy, and his family was killed in the bombing. So M.A. Sholokhov emphasizes that war deprives people of the most valuable that they have.

THE PROBLEM OF CONTRADICTIONS IN THE INNER WORLD OF A MAN

1. In the novel by I.S. Turgenev's "Fathers and Sons" Evgeny Bazarov is distinguished by intelligence, hard work, purposefulness, but at the same time, the student is often harsh and rude. Bazarov condemns people who succumb to feelings, but becomes convinced of the incorrectness of his views when he falls in love with Odintsov. So I.S. Turgenev showed that people are characterized by inconsistency.

2. In the novel by I.A. Goncharova "Oblomov" Ilya Ilyich has both negative and positive features character. On the one hand, the main character is apathetic and self-reliant. Oblomov is not interested real life, it makes him bored and tired. On the other hand, Ilya Ilyich is distinguished by his sincerity, sincerity, and the ability to understand the problems of another person. This is the ambiguity of Oblomov's character.

THE PROBLEM OF FAIR TREATMENT FOR PEOPLE

1. In the novel by F.M. Dostoevsky's "Crime and Punishment" Porfiry Petrovich is investigating the murder of an old woman, a usurer. The investigator is a subtle connoisseur human psychology... He understands the motives for the crime of Rodion Raskolnikov and partly sympathizes with him. Porfiry Petrovich gives young man a chance to confess. This will subsequently serve as a mitigating circumstance in the Raskolnikov case.

2. A.P. Chekhov in his story "Chameleon" introduces us to the story of a dispute that broke out over a dog bite. Police overseer Ochumelov is trying to decide if she deserves punishment. Ochumelov's verdict depends only on whether the dog belongs to the general or not. The overseer does not seek justice. His main goal is to curry favor with the general.

THE PROBLEM OF RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN HUMAN AND NATURE

1. In the story of V.P. Astafiev "Tsar-fish" Ignatyevich has been poaching for many years. Once a fisherman got hooked on a giant sturgeon. Ignatyich understood that he alone could not cope with the fish, but greed did not allow him to call his brother and the mechanic for help. Soon the fisherman himself was overboard, entangled in his nets and hooks. Ignatyich understood that he could die. V.P. Astafiev writes: "The king of the river and the king of all nature are on the same trap." So the author emphasizes the inextricable connection between man and nature.

2. In the story of A.I. Kuprin "Olesya" the main character lives in harmony with nature. The girl feels like an integral part of the world around her, knows how to see its beauty. A.I. Kuprin emphasizes that love for nature helped Olesya keep her soul unspoiled, sincere and beautiful.

THE PROBLEM OF THE ROLE OF MUSIC IN HUMAN LIFE

1. In the novel by I.A. Goncharov's "Oblomov" music plays an important role. Ilya Ilyich falls in love with Olga Ilyinskaya when he listens to her singing. The sounds of the aria "Casta Diva" awaken feelings in his heart that he has never experienced. IA Goncharov emphasizes that for a long time Oblomov did not feel "such vigor, such strength that, it seemed, all rose from the bottom of the soul, ready for a feat." Thus, music is able to awaken sincere and strong feelings in a person.

2. In the novel by M.A. Sholokhov " Quiet Don"Songs accompany the Cossacks throughout their lives. They sing on military campaigns, in the fields, at weddings. Cossacks put their whole soul into singing. The songs reveal their prowess, love for the Don, the steppes.

THE PROBLEM OF BOOKS SUPPLIED BY TELEVISION

1. R. Bradbury's novel Fahrenheit 451 depicts a society that relies on popular culture... In this world, people who can think critically are outlawed, and books that make you think about life are destroyed. Literature was supplanted by television, which became the main entertainment for people. They are spiritless, their thoughts are subject to standards. R. Bradbury convinces readers that the destruction of books inevitably leads to the degradation of society.

2. In the book "Letters about the Good and the Beautiful" DS Likhachev ponders the question: why television is replacing literature. The academician believes that this is happening because the TV distracts from worries, makes you, slowly, watch some kind of program. D.S. Likhachev sees this as a threat to a person, because TV “dictates how to watch and what to watch”, makes people weak-willed. According to the philologist, only a book can make a person spiritually rich and educated.

THE PROBLEM OF THE RUSSIAN VILLAGE

1. The story of A. I. Solzhenitsyn "Matryonin's yard" depicts the life of a Russian village after the war. People not only became impoverished, but also became callous, spiritless. Only Matryona retained a feeling of pity for others and always came to the aid of those in need. Tragic death the main character is the beginning of the death of the moral foundations of the Russian countryside.

2. In the story of V.G. Rasputin's "Farewell to Matera" depicts the fate of the inhabitants of the island, which must be flooded. It is hard for old people to say goodbye to their native land, where they spent their whole lives, where their ancestors are buried. The ending of the story is tragic. Together with the village, its customs and traditions disappear, which have been passed down from generation to generation over the centuries and have shaped the unique character of the inhabitants of Matera.

THE PROBLEM OF ATTITUDE TO POETS AND THEIR CREATIVITY

1. A.S. Pushkin in the poem "The Poet and the Crowd" calls that part of Russian society who did not understand the purpose and meaning of creativity. According to the crowd, poems are in the public interest. However, A.S. Pushkin believes that the poet will cease to be a creator if he obeys the will of the crowd. Thus, main goal the poet is not national recognition, but the desire to make the world more beautiful.

2. V.V. Mayakovsky in the poem "With the Whole Voice" sees the poet's destiny in serving the people. Poetry is an ideological weapon capable of inspiring people, prompting them to great accomplishments. Thus, V.V. Mayakovsky believes that one should give up personal creative freedom for the sake of a common great purpose.

THE PROBLEM OF THE INFLUENCE OF THE TEACHER ON THE STUDENTS

1. In the story of V.G. Rasputin "French Lessons" classroom teacher Lydia Mikhailovna is a symbol of human responsiveness. The teacher helped a rural boy who studied far from home and lived from hand to mouth. Lydia Mikhailovna had to go against the generally accepted rules in order to help out the student. In addition, while studying with the boy, the teacher taught him not only French lessons, but also lessons of kindness and compassion.

2. In the fairy tale-parable of Antoine de Saint_Exupery " The little Prince"Old Fox became a teacher for the main character, telling about love, friendship, responsibility, loyalty. He opened to the prince main secret the universe: "You cannot see the main thing with your eyes - only the heart is sharp-sighted." So the Fox taught the boy an important life lesson.

THE PROBLEM OF ATTITUDE TO ORPHAN CHILDREN

1. In the story of M.A. Sholokhov's "The Fate of a Man" Andrei Sokolov lost his family during the war, but this did not make the main character heartless. The main character gave all the remaining love to the homeless boy Vanyushka, replacing his father. So M.A. Sholokhov convinces the reader that, despite life difficulties, one must not lose the ability to empathize with orphans.

2. The story of G. Belykh and L. Panteleev "Republic of ShKID" depicts the life of students in a school of social and labor education for street children and juvenile delinquents. It should be noted that not all students were able to become decent people, but the majority managed to find themselves and went along the right way... The authors of the story argue that the state should pay attention to orphans, create special institutions for them in order to eradicate crime.

THE PROBLEM OF THE ROLE OF WOMEN IN WWII

1. In the story by B.L. Vasilyeva "And the dawns here are quiet ..." Five young female anti-aircraft gunners died fighting for the Motherland. The main characters were not afraid to speak out against the German saboteurs. B.L. Vasiliev masterfully portrays the contrast between femininity and the brutality of war. The writer convinces the reader that women, on an equal basis with men, are capable of combat feats and heroic deeds.

2. In the story of V.A. Zakrutkin's "Mother of Man" shows the fate of a woman during the war. main character Maria lost her entire family: her husband and child. Despite the fact that the woman was left all alone, her heart did not harden. Maria left seven Leningrad orphans, replaced their mother. The story of V.A. Zakrutkina became a hymn to a Russian woman who experienced many hardships and misfortunes during the war, but retained kindness, sympathy, and a desire to help other people.

THE PROBLEM OF CHANGES IN THE RUSSIAN LANGUAGE

1. A. Knyshev in the article "O great and mighty new Russian language!" writes with irony about the lovers of borrowing. According to A. Knyshev, the speech of politicians and journalists often becomes ridiculous when it is overloaded in foreign words... The TV presenter is sure that the excessive use of borrowings pollutes the Russian language.

2. V. Astafyev in the story "Lyudochka" connects changes in the language with the fall in the level of human culture. The speech of Artyomka-soap, Strekach and their friends is clogged with criminal jargon, which reflects the ill-being of society, its degradation.

THE PROBLEM OF CHOOSING A PROFESSION

1. V.V. Mayakovsky in the poem “Who to be? raises the problem of choosing a profession. Lyrical hero thinks about how to find the right path in life and occupation. V.V. Mayakovsky comes to the conclusion that all professions are good and are equally needed by people.

2. In the story by E. Grishkovets "Darwin", the main character after graduation from school chooses a business that he wants to do all his life. He realizes that what is happening is unnecessary and refuses to study at the Institute of Culture when he watches a performance played by students. The young man is firmly convinced that the profession should be useful and enjoyable.