Analysis of the work "Stationery Career. Analysis of the story "Stationander" Analysis of the Tale Station Career
History of creation
The work of the "Stationander" is included in the cycle A. S. Pushkin "Tale of the late Ivan Petrovich Belkin." Thanks to the author's dating, an accurate date of completion of the work on the second story is known - September 14, 1830
Meaning of the name
Stationander - the main character of the story, consisting in the rank of the college registrar - the lowest class (14th) in the table of ranks.
Main Theme of Work - Unfortunate Fate of the Poor Officer
The story begins with a lengthy author's retreat, in which he reflects on the true position of numerous Russian stationary caretakers. The epigraph is a statement of Prince Vyazemsky: "College registrar", dictator postal station. Pushkin rightly refutes this mocking statement.
The author judges on the basis of his many years of travel experience in the endless Russian expanses. He knows that the power of the station caretaker is very ephemeron. Each passing considers him his enemy and the culprit of the delay. For the absence of other people, travelers are dumping on the "martyr of the fourteenth grade" the anger accumulated for the long way. Despite its low, but still official official status, the caretaker can even be subjected to the beatings of an influential person.
The author concludes that there was a completely wrong idea with respect to station carsers. For the most part, this is "peaceful people, from nature helpful ... modest in claims ... and not too sober". Communicating the debt of the service with the most different travelers, the station caretakers at the scene accumulate enormous life experience and become very interesting interlocutors.
A striking example of the unenviable fate of the station caiders is the sad story of one of these acquaintances - Samson Vyrina. During the first meeting, he made a very pleasant impression on the story: "Man of fifty years old, fresh and cheerful".
The author is clearly Lukuvit. A much more owner, he liked the faithful Samson's assistant - the young daughter of the Danny. The girl reminds the caretaker about the deceased wife not only appearance, but also by performance. The author is difficult to part with a hospitable family, leaving the best memories of it.
To visit this station next time the author succeeded only a few years later. He prefers that these years could not pass for a happy father with daughter without a trace, but the reality was much severe than his assumptions.
The once strong and energetic Samson turned into a squabble old old man, gloomy and undiscoverable. The caretaker lived now alone. Only after the proposed glan, he told his sad story to the author.
Dunya smasted and became an indispensable assistant in the house of WIND. Its flourishing beauty and skillful entry calmed the most Grozny passing, instantly replaced by anger to mercy at the sight of the daughter of the caretaker.
Samson was happy and looked through an impending danger. One of the next travelers (Rothmist Minsk) drew special attention to the Dunya. I attacked the patient, he spent three days at the station and during that time managed to conquer his beautiful beauty in the stood. Leaning, Minsk persuaded the Dunya for goodbye to ride him to the church. Home girl has not returned.
Despair of the poor stationery caretaker was unbearable. He seriously fell ill and after recovery I decided to return my daughter at any cost. Samson managed to find Minsk in St. Petersburg. However, at the first meeting, Rothmist tried cynically to pay off with money, during the second - rudely kicked the killed by Hard Father from the house with the words: "... What are you standing around me everywhere like a robber? …Go away!". Samson conquered fate and returned home. For three years, he has not been talking about his daughter for three years and is afraid that Minsk, inhibit the chance, threw and led the Dunya on poverty.
Problems
Pushkin raises the problem of a "little man." Samson screamed absolutely defenseless. He is constantly subjected to threats and insults of every higher official, i.e. any passing.
The only welcome in life for Samson is a beloved daughter, but it turns out that he can be deprived of this joy. In essence, Minsk just stole a naive girl from his father. He is not afraid of the consequences, because the knowledge and wealth will turn the law in his direction. Samson is not even trying to complain: all his troubles will be in vain.
The finale is relatively favorable. Dunny broke the heart of the father and will repent of this the rest of his life. But at the same time she still became the legitimate wife of Minsk. In reality, sooner or later, Rothmist would throw a provincial girl, and she suffered a fate of a city fallen woman.
Composition
A small story consists of four parts: the author's entry and description of its three visits to the station ***. During these visits, a full picture of Samson's unfortunate fate is poured and his daughter.
What does the author teaches
Pushkin draws the reader's reader on people deprived of fate. Samson is not just a defenseless small official. First of all, it is a living person who is experiencing his joys and suffering. The soulless attitude of Minsk becomes the main cause of the premature death of the station caretaker.
History of creation
Boldin Autumn in the work of A.S. Pushkin has become truly "golden", since many works are created at this time. Among them, "Tale of Belkin". In a letter to a friend P. Plentnev Pushkin wrote: "... I wrote 5 stories from which Baratynsky rzhet and beats." The chronology of creating these stakes is as follows: September 9, a "serve" was completed, on September 14 - "Stationander", September 20 - "Baryshnya-Peasantka", after almost a monthly break, two latter were written: "Shot" - October 14 and "Blizzard " - The 20th of October. The cycle of the "History of Belkin" was the first completed prosaic creation of Pushkin. Five stories were combined by the author's fictional face, which the publisher told in the preface. We learn that P.P. Belkin was born "from honest and noble parents in 1798 in the village of Goryukhino." "There was an average of medium, the eyes had gray, blond hair, the nose straight; The face was Bel and thin. " "Life was the most moderate, avoided all sorts of excesses; It never happened ... to see him suitable ..., he had a great tendency to the female floor, but there was a truly virgin in it. " In the fall of 1828, this cute character "Zalenor is witting a fever, and died ...".
At the end of October 1831, "the story of the late Ivan Petrovich Belkin" was published. The preface was completed with the words: "Honor a duty to respect the author of our authors, we bring to him the deepest gratitude for the news delivered to us and hope that the public will appreciate their sincerity and good nature. A.P. ". The epigraph to all the stories taken from the Fonvizynskiy "cheap" (Ms. Prostakova: "That, my father, he still dies to the hunter's stories." Skalinin: "Mitrofan for me"), speaks of the nationality and simplicity of Ivan Petrovich. He gathered these "simple" stories, and he recorded them from different narratives ("Caidizer" told him to him by the titular adviser A.G. N., "Shot" by Lieutenkite, I.L. P., "Ublovers" by Customer B.V., "Blizzard" and "Baryshnya" Device K.I. T.), processing them in their ability and discretion. Thus, Pushkin as a real author of the age acting is hidden behind a double chain of sootimy narrator, and this gives him greater freedom of narration, creates considerable opportunities for the Commission, satire and parody and at the same time allows you to express your attitude to these stories.
With a complete designation name of the real author, Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin, they were published in 1834. Creating an unforgettable gallery of images living and operating in the Russian province in this cycle, Pushkin with a good smile and humor talks about modern Russia. Working on the "Links of Belkin", Pushkin designated one of his main tasks: "Our tongue is needed to give more (of course, according to his spirit)." And when the author asked the author who was asked who this Belkin, Pushkin replied: "Whoever he was there, and it is necessary to write a story here: just, briefly and clear."
The story "Stationander" occupies a significant place in the work of A.S. Pushkin and is of great importance for all Russian literature. It is hardly for the first time the vital loves, the pain and suffering of the one who are called the "little man" are depicted. The topic of "humiliated and offended" begins in Russian literature, which will introduce good, quiet, suffering from heroes and will allow to see not only meekness, but also the greatness of their souls and hearts. The epigraph is taken from PA poem. Vyazemsky Station ("College Registrar, / Postal Station Dictator"), Pushkin changed the quote, calling the station caretaker "College Register" (the lowest civilian chin in pre-revolutionary Russia), and not the "provincial registrar", as was the original Since this rank is higher.
Rod, genre, creative method
"The story of the late Ivan Petrovich Belkin is consisting of 5 stories:" Shot "," Misel "," Coffin "," Stationander "," Baryshnya-peasant woman ". Each of the "History of Belkin" was so small in its size, which could be called her story. Pushkin calls them by stories. For a realistic writer, a reproducing life, the forms of the story and novel in prose were particularly suitable. They attracted Pushkin to their much greater than poems, absolutely beneficial circles. "Tale and novels are read by all and everywhere," he noted. Belkin's story "are essentially the beginning of Russian highly artistic realistic prose.
Pushkin took for the story the most typical romantic plots, which and in our time may well repeat. His heroes initially fall in a situation where the word "love" is present. They are already in love or just crave this feeling, but it is from here that the deployment and discharge of the plot begins. "Tale of Belkin" are conceived by the author as a parody of the genre of romantic literature. In the story "Shot", the main character of Silvio came from the outgoing era of romanticism. This is a handsome strong brave person with a solid passionate character and an exotic non-Russian name, resembling mysterious and fatal heroes of romantic poems of Bayron. French novels and romantic ballads Zhukovsky are paroded in the "blizzards". At the end of the story, the comic confusion with the grooms leads the heroine to the new, proldering happiness. In the story "The Ultimate" in which Adrian Prokhorov invites to visit the dead, the Opera Mozart and the terrible stories of romantics are paroded. The "Baryshnya-peasant woman" is a small elegant comedy of provisions with dressing up in French taste, unfolding in the Russian nobility manor. But she is good, ridiculous and witty parods the famous tragedy - "Romeo and Juliet" Shakespeare.
In the cycle of the "Love of Belkin", the center and the vertex - "Stationander". In the story laid the foundations of realism in Russian literature. In essence, in the plot of its, expressiveness, complex rapidly theme and shady composition, according to the characters itself, this is already a small, compressed novel that influenced the subsequent Russian prose and generated the tale of Gogol "Shinel". People here are simply depicted, and their story herself would be simple if different everyday circumstances intervened.
Topic
In the "Peters of Belkin", along with the traditional romantic topics from the noble-manor life, Pushkin reveals the theme of the happiness of a person in his broad sense. The life of the wisdom, the rules of consumer behavior, the generally accepted morality are fixed in catechisms, sets, but the following is not all and does not always lead to luck. It is necessary that fate gives man happiness to successfully concern. In the "Peters of Belkin" it was shown that there are no hopeless provisions, for happiness it is necessary to fight, and it will, even if it is impossible.
The story "Stationander" is the saddest and most complex product of the cycle. This is the story of the silent fate of sculpt and the happy fate of his daughter. The author from the very beginning connects the modest history of Samson sculp with the philosophical meaning of the entire cycle. After all, the station caretaker, who does not at all read books, has its own scheme of perception of life. It is reflected in the pictures "with decent German verses", which are shackled on the walls of his "humble, but neutral abode." The narrator describes in detail these pictures depicting a biblical legend about the prodigal son. Samson Vynein is looking through the prism of these pictures to all that happened to him and with his daughter. His life experience suggests that a misfortune will happen to her daughter, she will be deceived and thrown. He is a toy, a little man in the hands of a strong world, which turned money to the main measure.
Pushkin stated one of the main topics of the Russian literature of the XIX century - the topic of a "little man." The significance of this topic for Pushkin was not in the presentation of the kits of his hero, and in the opening in the "small man" compassionate and sensitive soul, endowed with the gift of a response to someone else's misfortune and someone else's pain.
From now on, the topic of a "little man" will sound in Russian classical literature constantly.
Idea
"None of the" Lovenkina "there is no idea. You read - cute, smoothly, smoothly: you read - everything is forgotten, there is nothing but adventure in mind. "Tale of Belkin" are read easily, for they do not make thinking "(" Northern Bee ", 1834, No. 192, August 27).
"True, these stories are entertaining, they cannot be read without pleasure: it comes from the adorable syllable, to tell art, but they are not artistic creatures, but just fairy tales and affection" (V.G. Belinsky).
"Have you reread Pushkin's prose? Make me friendship - Read all the "Tale of Belkin" first. They must be studied and learn to each writer. I did this other day and I can not transfer to that benefactor influence that this reading had been on me "(from the letter L.N. Tolstoy P.D. Golokhwast).
Such an ambiguous perception of the Pushkin cycle suggests that a certain mystery is in the "Perests of Belkin". In the "stannaya caretaker" it was concluded in a small artistic detail - wall paintings telling about the prodigal son, which were in the 20-40s frequent stationery affiliation. The description of those pictures withdraws the story from the socio-domestic plan in philosophical, it allows to comprehend its content in correlation with human experience, interprets the "eternal story" about the prodigal son. The story is penetrated by Paphos compassion.
Character conflict
The story "Stationander" is a humiliated and sad hero, the final is equally and sorrowful and happy: the death of the station caretaker, on the one hand, and the happy life of his daughter - on the other. The story features a special nature of the conflict: there are no negative heroes here, which would be negative in everything; There is no direct evil - and at the same time, the mountain of a simple person, a stationary caretaker, does not become smaller.
A new type of hero and conflict entailed a different system of narration, the figure of the storytellor - the titular adviser A. G. N. He tells the story heard from others, from the very screen and from the "red and curve" of the boy. Duni Uzo Duni by Gusar - Tie the drama, followed by a chain of events. From the postal station, the action is thrown into St. Petersburg, from the house of the caretaker - on the grave behind the Occolic. The caretaker is unable to influence the course of events, but before being bent before fate, trying to reverse the story, save the man from what it seems to be the poor Father's death of his "catty". The hero comprehends what happened and, moreover, goes into the grave from the powerless consciousness of his own guilt and the irreparation of trouble.
"Little Man" is not only a low rank, lack of high social status, but also lost in life, fear of her, loss of interest and goals. Pushkin first drew the attention of readers to the fact that, despite its low origin, a person still remains a person and it is inherent in all the same feelings and passions as people of the highest society. The story "Stationander" teaches to respect and love a person, teaches the ability to sympathize, makes thinking about the fact that the world in which stationary caretakers live is not the best way.
Basic heroes
The storywriter sympathize with sympathetically about the "Fourteenth Class Martyrs", stationary looks accused of travelers in all sins. In fact, their life is a real Katorga: "All the annoyance accumulated during a boring ride, the traveler will take place on a caretaker. The weather is unspecified, the road is bad, the yamper is stubborn, the horses are not lucky - and the caretaker is to blame ... it can be easily guess that I have friends from the respectable caretaker. " In memory of one of them, this story is written.
The main character in the story "Stationander" is Samson scan, a person is about 50 years old. A caretaker was born in about 1766, in the peasant family. The end of the XVIII century, when the score was 20-25 years old - this is the time of Suvorov wars and hikes. As is known from History, Suvorov developed at the subordinate initiative, encouraged the soldiers and non-officers, promoting them in service, bringing them a partnership in them, demanded literacy and intelligence. The man from the peasants under the team of Suvorov could reach the Unter-Officer, to get this title for the faithful service and personal courage. Samson Vyrin could be exactly such a person and served, most likely in the Izmailovsky regiment. The text states that, arriving in St. Petersburg in search of his daughter, he stops in the Izmailovsky regiment, in the house of the retired Unter-Officer, his old colleague.
It can be assumed that around 1880 he resigned and received the position of station caretaker and the rank of college registrar. This position gave a small but constant salary. He married, a daughter was born soon. But the wife died, and the daughter was a father joy and consolation.
From childhood, he had to take all the female work on her fragile shoulders. It is written, as it is represented at the beginning of the story, "fresh and cheerful", sociable and inconvented, despite the fact that undeserved insults have fallen on his head. In just a few years, driving along the same road, the author, who stopped at the night of Samson Võrina, did not recognize him: he turned into an abandoned, stunned senior, the only consolation that bottle was served. But the whole thing in his daughter: without having requesting parental consent, the Dunya is his life and hope, for whom he lived and worked, - Beshal with passion to Husar. Daughter's deed broke Samson, he could not move the fact that his cute child, his Dunya, which he could have protected from any dangers, was able to do this with him and, which is still terrible, with him, she became not his wife, and his mistress.
Pushkin sympathizes to her hero and deeply respects: the low-cost man who has grown in the need, with a hard work, did not forget what decency, conscience and honor. Moreover, these quality it puts above the material benefits. Poverty for Samson is nothing compared to the emptiness of the soul. The author is not in vain in the story such a detail as pictures depicting the history of the prodigal son on the wall in the house of WINN. Like the father of the prodigal son, Samson was ready to forgive. That's just Dunya did not return. The suffering of the Father was aggravated by the fact that he knew well than it was often ends like such stories: "Many of them in St. Petersburg, young fools, today in the atlasa and velvet, and tomorrow, you will see, watch the street together with Gol Kabatskoy. As we think sometimes, that and the Dunya, maybe, immediately disappears, so they imagine will be sinned yes you wish her graves ... " An attempt to break the daughter in a huge St. Petersburg ended with nothing. Here, and the station caretaker surrendered - it was finally poisoned and after some time he died, without waiting for his daughter. Pushkin created a rapidly capacious, truthful image of a simple, little man and showed all his rights to the title and dignity of man and dignity of man.
Dunya in the story is shown by the craftswoman on all hands. No one better could cook her lunch, remove in the house, serve the carriage. And the Father, looking at her agility and beauty, could not rejoice. At the same time, it is a young coquette, who knows his strength, who comes into talking with a visit without timidity, "like a girl, seen the light." Belkin in the story sees the Dunya for the first time when that fourteen years is the age in which it is still early to think about fate. Dunya does not know anything about this intention of the arrival of Gusar Minsk. But, withdrawing from the Father, she chooses her female happiness, let him be short. She chooses another world, unknown, dangerous, but in it she will at least live. It is difficult to blame her in the fact that she chose life, not stagnation, she risked and won. Dunya and comes to the father only when everything came true, he could only dream about, although Pushkin does not mean a word about her marriage. But Sixo Horses, Three Children, Kormilitsa testify to the prosperous completion of history. Of course, the Dunya herself considers himself guilty of his father's death, but probably the reader will forgive her, as Ivan Petrovich Belkin forgives.
Dunya and Minsk, the inner motives of their actions, thoughts and experiences, all over the story of the story, the thing, the father, the red boy describe on the part. Maybe therefore, the images of the Duni and Minsk are somewhat schematically. Minsk is impressed and rich, served in the Caucasus, Chin Rothmistra is not small, and if he is in the guard, it is already big, equal to the army lieutenant colonel. Good and cheerful hussar loved to be an incentive caretaker.
Many actions of the heroes of the story are incomprehensible today, but for the contemporaries of Pushkin they were natural. So, Minsk, having loved the Dunya, did not marry her. He could do this not only because he was a hunch and frivolous man, but also for a number of objective reasons. First, to marry, the officer was required by the permission of the commander, often marriage meant resignation. Secondly, Minsk could depend on his parents who would hardly like to be like marriage and not a nobility of the Duni. The resolution of at least these two problems requires time. Although in the final Minsk was able to do it.
Plot and composition
Russian writers have repeatedly applied to the compositional construction of the "History of Belkin" consisting of five separate ages. He wrote a novel about his plan with a similar composition wrote in one of the letters F.M. Dostoevsky: "Tale is completely separate one of the other, so they can even be allowed to sell separately. I suppose Pushkin thought about the similar form of the novel: five stories (the number of "Lovenkina") coming on sale separately. Pushkin has a story really separate in all respects: there is no end-to-end character (as opposed to five "Hero of our time" Lermontov); No general content. But there is a general reception of secrets, "detective" lying on each story. Pushkin's story is combined, firstly, the figure of the narrator - Belkin; Secondly, the fact that they are all told. The tagging and was, I guess the artistic technique, for which the whole text is set. The tagging as common to all over behaience at the same time allowed their reading (and sale) separately. Pushkin thought about the work, which, being as a whole, would be intended in every part. I call such a form using the experience of subsequent Russian prose, a romance-cycle. "
The stories were written by Pushkin in one chronological order, he laid out them not by time writing, but on the basis of the composite calculation, alternating a story with "disadvantaged" and "prosperous" ends. Such a composition reported to the entire cycle, despite the presence of deeply dramatic positions in it, the overall optimistic orientation.
Pushkin builds the story "Stationander" on the development of two fates and characters - father and daughter. Samson Stationery Caidizer - old well-deserved (three medals on polynyaya ribbons) Returning soldier, a good and honest person, but rude and simple, is at the very bottom of the rank table, at the lowest stage of the social staircase. He is not only a simple, but a small person who every passion nobleman can insult, shout, hit, although his lower chin of the 14th grade gave the right to a personal nobility. But all the guests met, calmrified and poured a beautiful and wiggy daughter of His Dunya. But this family idyll could not continue and ended, at first glance, bad, for the caretaker and his daughter had different fates. Passage young beauties-hussar Minsk fell in love with the Dunya, deftly played the disease, achieved a mutual feeling and took away, as he believed to Husar, weeping, but not a resisting girl on the top three to St. Petersburg.
The small person of the 14th grade did not reconcile with such a physical and loss, he went to St. Petersburg to save the daughter, which, as not without reason, he considered, the cunning seducer would soon throw, will drown on the street. And it itself was important for the further development of this story, for the fate of his Duni. But it turned out that the story is more difficult than the caretaker it imagined. Rothmist loved his daughter and, moreover, turned out to be a conscientious person, honest, he blushed from shame with an unexpected phenomenon of his father deceived by him. And the beauty of the Duny replied to the thief strong, sincere feeling. The old man gradually cut from grief, longing and loneliness, and despite the nourishing pictures about the prodigal son's daughter and did not come to visit him, disappeared, was not at the funeral of the Father. A rural cemetery visited a wonderful lady with three small barcats and a black pug on a luxurious carriage. She silently lay down on the grave of his father and "lying long." This is the popular custom of the last farewell and commemoration, the last "sorry". This is the greatness of human suffering and repentance.
Artistic peculiarity
In the "Peters of Belkin", all the features of the poetics and stylistics of Pushkin artistic prose were relieved. Pushkin performs in them as an excellent novelist, which is equally available and touching the story, and stress on the plot and the front mellows, and the realistic essay of the morals and life. Artistic requirements for prose, which were formulated by Pushkin at the beginning of the 20s., It is now implementing in his own creative practice. Nothing unnecessary, one necessary in the narration, accuracy in definitions, conciseness and compression of the syllable.
"Tale of Belkin" is distinguished by the limiting savings of artistic agents. From the very first string, Pushkin introduces the reader with his heroes, introduces it to the circle of events. Also a scoop and no less expressive outlines of character characters. The author almost does not give an external portrait of heroes, almost does not stop on their mental experiences. At the same time, the appearance of each of the characters appears with a wonderful relief and discouragement from his actions and speeches. "The writer must not cease to learn this treasure," the Lion Tolstoy advised about the "Perests of Belkin" a familiar writer.
The value of the work
In the development of Russian artistic prose, a huge role belongs to Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin. He almost had no predecessor. For a much lower level, a prosaic literary language was also located compared to verses. Therefore, before Pushkin, a particularly important and very difficult task of processing the material of the given region of verbal art was inserted. "Stationander" had an exceptional importance for the further development of Russian literature. Very truthful, warmed by copyright sympathy, the image of the caretaker opens the "poor people" the gallery created by subsequent Russian writers, humiliated and offended by the community relations of the then reality for a simple person.
The first writer who opened the reader the world of "little people" * was N.M. Karamzin. The word Karamzin echoes the Pushkin and Lermontov. The most influence on the subsequent literature was provided by the story of Karamzin "Poor Lisa". The author laid the beginning of a huge cycle of works about "small people", took the first step in this unknown to this topic. It was he who opened the way to such writers of the future as Gogol, Dostoevsky and others.
A.S. Pushkin was the following writer, whose creative attention began to include all huge Russia, its expanses, life villages, St. Petersburg and Moscow were already opening out not only from a luxurious entrance, but also through narrow doors of poor houses. For the first time, Russian literature is so shrill and clearly showed the identity distortion to her hostility. The artistic opening of Pushkin was directed into the future, it pierced the Russian literature into another unknown.
The story "Stationander", written by A. S. Pushkin, refers to the cycle. This is a small work, which shows the whole life of a simple person - the station caretaker and his daughter, was written in September 1830, and its beginning of its narration refers to the 1816th year. Realistic of its content. Pushkin some of their works laid the foundations of creative realism
The essence of the conflict is that people standing at a social stage above, or having money, break the fate of those who are not protected to higher.
Narration:
- Ivan Belkin, acting as a narrator,
- Samson sculp, caretaker,
- Dunya, his daughter.
The heroes of the second plan:
- Gusar Minsk,
- The doctor who treated Minsk at the station,
- Redhead boy, who told about the arrival of Baryni at Samson's grave.
The main character of this work remains a small person - station caretaker. It is no coincidence that therefore the epigraph is dedicated to the person of this profession - "College Registrar, Postal Station Dictator". In Tsarist Russia, the ranks were existed not only in military service, but also on civilian. There were 14 civilian ranks. The college recorder is the latest.
The author of the story, Ivan Belkin, arrived at the post station, where the horses should change and move on. He has to ride a lot in Russia, he communicated with various representatives of this profession, and he had his own idea of \u200b\u200btheir service. The narrator sympathizes to caresses.
When he drove up to the station, lied rain, which managed to soak the author to the thread. He decided to stay here to change clothes and warm up. He was struck by the extraordinary beauty of the daughter of the caretaker. The girl boiled samovar, prepared tea, followed by Ivan Belkin with a caretaker. The old man was proud of his daughter, who watched the station's room, and helped the father to deal with passing.
The next time Ivan Belkin came to this station 3-4 years later. He no longer caught the Dunya. He rushed into his eyes, how he was very old Samson Vyrin. The old man did not want to talk about his daughter, but the Punch offered by the author of the narrative, unleashed the Language and he told Belkin his sad story.
Once a hussar drove through the station, seeing the girl, he fell in love with her at first glance, attacked the patient and searched for three days at the station. Dunya cared for him. When I was going to leave, Gusar suggested to the dun to get to the church, and he himself took the girl to St. Petersburg. One day, the caretaker gathered and went to St. Petersburg on foot. He found her daughter, but Gusar did not allow the old man to meet with the Duni. The caretaker returned to the station, but he strongly fell by the Spirit, began to drink. Cozy and neat once the station acquired a careless look.
After a few more years, this station was closed. Having visited these places, Belkin decided to visit the old caretaker, learned about his death, and that Dunya was a "beautiful lady" visited the grave of his father and cried for a long time. She gave money to the priest on the pominus of the soul and sacrificed the silver Pyatkin boy who escaped her in the cemetery.
Inspecting the station to the station, Belkin draws attention to a series of pictures "Return of the Prodigal Son", hanging on the wall. This biblical topic is just partly consonant with subsequent events. The prodigal daughter returns, being an excellent latter, the mother of charming sons, but it does not find in the living Father.
It can be assumed that the Duna was enough of the mind and a little female tricks to make Husar Minsk marry her, but she did not rod to his wife. By the time Samson Vyrin came to St. Petersburg, she was still the content of Hussar, and lived not in his house. Minsk rented an apartment for a girl. Father's alarm was not groundless, it is based on life experience. Not every poor girl, the more dodged in this way, manages to become a wife and a secular lady. Perhaps if Samson Vyrin could assume that his daughter was happy, he himself would not allow himself to fall in spirit.
Plan
1. Introduction
2. History of creation
3. Something name
4. See and genre
5.
6. Probleatika
7.Geroes
8.New and composition
"Stationeander" is included in the cycle of "the leaders of the late Ivan Petrovich Belkin." The story of a person who lost the only daughter, enjoyed great success in contemporaries. The work was shielded in 1972.
History of creation. The story was created in the famous "Boldin Autumn" of 1830 - one of the most fruitful stages of Pushkin's creativity. The manuscript of the poet put the date of completion of work on the work - September 14. The story was published in 1831.
The meaning of the name. The name points to the main character of the work - the station caretaker Samson Wyrina. At the beginning of the story, the author's retreat is contained in which he with sympathy responds to this category of officials working as if "Katorga".
Rod and genre. Sentimental story
main topic Works are the fate of a "little man." Stationary caretakers in the time of Pushkin were a scored and humiliated category of officials. The passage was redeemed on them all their anger and irritation. The stationeer belonged to the lowest, fourteenth grade on the table of ranks. Any traveler treated him with disregard and did not hesitate in expressions. According to the author, there were cases of manual written, which remained without consequences. Pushkin himself often traveled in Russia and was familiar with many station caretakers. The poet with respect referred to people below him. He saw that any person had his own deep inner world. People despised are often much cleaner and noble than the exquisite higher estate. Most likely, Minsk do not even believe that he makes a dick. According to his conviction, the Duna in any case will be better in St. Petersburg than on this God the forgotten station. He doesn't think about the feelings of Samson. In the extreme case, Minsky is ready to pay with him money. For him, the Dunya is just a product, a treasure that needs to pick up from the station caretaker.
Problems. The main problem of the story is the defenselessness of the station caretaker. Samson's severe service was asked by the only daughter who serves the Otrada and consolation for the old man. Naturally, a beautiful girl attracted the attention of all passing. Samson did not even suspect the danger and was glad that the Dunya helps him in his work. The girl really softened the hearts of irritated travelers. The meanness of the hussar hurts painfully on the main hero. He understands that the Dunny would never leave him voluntarily. The girl succumbed to the seductive persuasion of a beautiful traveler, and when he came his senses, it was too late. In St. Petersburg Samson again undergoes humiliation. Gusar, not hesitating, bustles money in exchange for her daughter. After that, the old man is not even allowed on the threshold. Another problem of the story is the danger that daughters of defenseless people are constantly being subject to. Knowing enjoyed its advantage and cases of seduction were in the order of things. In the story of the Dunya, he was still not deceived and became the legitimate wife of the hussar, but this is a very rare case. In reality, the girl would be bored with Minsk after some time and would have been forced to be late to return to his father. Dunya has achieved happiness to a very expensive price. Probably, the rest of his life she felt his indelible guilt before his father. Related by repentance testifies the story of the boy who says that the lady for a long time lay without movement on the grave.
Heroes. SAMSON PO STATIONAL CAREER NAMIN, His daughter Dunya, Rothmist Minsk.
Plot and composition. The story consists of three visits by the story of one of the stations. During the first one, he met Samson Vyrin and appreciated his wrestling daughter of the Dunya. The second visit happened in a few years. The narrator was amazed at how he fell his friend. He learned his sorting history. Driving Rothmist Minsk deception took the dinner with him. Self-broken samson got to St. Petersburg and tried to pick up her daughter. But Minsk rudely cost him, and Dunya no longer showed no desire to go back. It passed a few more years. The narrator again visited the station and found out that Samson died of drunkenness. The boy told him that Dunya came to the grave of his father. The narrator and himself went to the cemetery to give a tribute to the miserable father.
What does the author teaches. Pushkin draws the attention of readers to the fact that people who do not have any respect are also experiencing enormous joy and deep suffering. Mount Samson was clear only by the storytellor. Minsk did not pay attention at all and tried to pay off. Such cases occurred at every step, but only a few felt the compassion for deceived and humiliated poor people.
History of creation
Boldin Autumn in the work of A.S. Pushkin has become truly "golden", since many works are created at this time. Among them, "Tale of Belkin". In a letter to a friend P. Plentnev Pushkin wrote: "... I wrote 5 stories from which Baratynsky rzhet and beats." The chronology of creating these stakes is as follows: September 9, a "serve" was completed, on September 14 - "Stationander", September 20 - "Baryshnya-Peasantka", after almost a monthly break, two latter were written: "Shot" - October 14 and "Blizzard " - The 20th of October. The cycle of the "History of Belkin" was the first completed prosaic creation of Pushkin. Five stories were combined by the author's fictional face, which the publisher told in the preface. We learn that P.P. Belkin was born "from honest and noble parents in 1798 in the village of Goryukhino." "There was an average of medium, the eyes had gray, blond hair, the nose straight; The face was Bel and thin. " "Life was the most moderate, avoided all sorts of excesses; It never happened ... to see him suitable ..., he had a great tendency to the female floor, but there was a truly virgin in it. " In the fall of 1828, this cute character "Zalenor is witting a fever, and died ...".
At the end of October 1831, "the story of the late Ivan Petrovich Belkin" was published. The preface was completed with the words: "Honor a duty to respect the author of our authors, we bring to him the deepest gratitude for the news delivered to us and hope that the public will appreciate their sincerity and good nature. A.P. ". The epigraph to all the stories taken from the Fonvizynskiy "cheap" (Ms. Prostakova: "That, my father, he still dies to the hunter's stories." Skalinin: "Mitrofan for me"), speaks of the nationality and simplicity of Ivan Petrovich. He gathered these "simple" stories, and he recorded them from different narratives ("Caidizer" told him to him by the titular adviser A.G. N., "Shot" by Lieutenkite, I.L. P., "Ublovers" by Customer B.V., "Blizzard" and "Baryshnya" Device K.I. T.), processing them in their ability and discretion. Thus, Pushkin as a real author of the age acting is hidden behind a double chain of sootimy narrator, and this gives him greater freedom of narration, creates considerable opportunities for the Commission, satire and parody and at the same time allows you to express your attitude to these stories.
With a complete designation name of the real author, Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin, they were published in 1834. Creating an unforgettable gallery of images living and operating in the Russian province in this cycle, Pushkin with a good smile and humor talks about modern Russia. Working on the "Links of Belkin", Pushkin designated one of his main tasks: "Our tongue is needed to give more (of course, according to his spirit)." And when the author asked the author who was asked who this Belkin, Pushkin replied: "Whoever he was there, and it is necessary to write a story here: just, briefly and clear."
The story "Stationander" occupies a significant place in the work of A.S. Pushkin and is of great importance for all Russian literature. It is hardly for the first time the vital loves, the pain and suffering of the one who are called the "little man" are depicted. The topic of "humiliated and offended" begins in Russian literature, which will introduce good, quiet, suffering from heroes and will allow to see not only meekness, but also the greatness of their souls and hearts. The epigraph is taken from PA poem. Vyazemsky Station ("College Registrar, / Postal Station Dictator"), Pushkin changed the quote, calling the station caretaker "College Register" (the lowest civilian chin in pre-revolutionary Russia), and not the "provincial registrar", as was the original Since this rank is higher.
Rod, genre, creative method
"The story of the late Ivan Petrovich Belkin is consisting of 5 stories:" Shot "," Misel "," Coffin "," Stationander "," Baryshnya-peasant woman ". Each of the "History of Belkin" was so small in its size, which could be called her story. Pushkin calls them by stories. For a realistic writer, a reproducing life, the forms of the story and novel in prose were particularly suitable. They attracted Pushkin to their much greater than poems, absolutely beneficial circles. "Tale and novels are read by all and everywhere," he noted. Belkin's story "are essentially the beginning of Russian highly artistic realistic prose.
Pushkin took for the story the most typical romantic plots, which and in our time may well repeat. His heroes initially fall in a situation where the word "love" is present. They are already in love or just crave this feeling, but it is from here that the deployment and discharge of the plot begins. "Tale of Belkin" are conceived by the author as a parody of the genre of romantic literature. In the story "Shot", the main character of Silvio came from the outgoing era of romanticism. This is a handsome strong brave person with a solid passionate character and an exotic non-Russian name, resembling mysterious and fatal heroes of romantic poems of Bayron. French novels and romantic ballads Zhukovsky are paroded in the "blizzards". At the end of the story, the comic confusion with the grooms leads the heroine to the new, proldering happiness. In the story "The Ultimate" in which Adrian Prokhorov invites to visit the dead, the Opera Mozart and the terrible stories of romantics are paroded. The "Baryshnya-peasant woman" is a small elegant comedy of provisions with dressing up in French taste, unfolding in the Russian nobility manor. But she is good, ridiculous and witty parods the famous tragedy - "Romeo and Juliet" Shakespeare.
In the cycle of the "Love of Belkin", the center and the vertex - "Stationander". In the story laid the foundations of realism in Russian literature. In essence, in the plot of its, expressiveness, complex rapidly theme and shady composition, according to the characters itself, this is already a small, compressed novel that influenced the subsequent Russian prose and generated the tale of Gogol "Shinel". People here are simply depicted, and their story herself would be simple if different everyday circumstances intervened.
Topic
In the "Peters of Belkin", along with the traditional romantic topics from the noble-manor life, Pushkin reveals the theme of the happiness of a person in his broad sense. The life of the wisdom, the rules of consumer behavior, the generally accepted morality are fixed in catechisms, sets, but the following is not all and does not always lead to luck. It is necessary that fate gives man happiness to successfully concern. In the "Peters of Belkin" it was shown that there are no hopeless provisions, for happiness it is necessary to fight, and it will, even if it is impossible.
The story "Stationander" is the saddest and most complex product of the cycle. This is the story of the silent fate of sculpt and the happy fate of his daughter. The author from the very beginning connects the modest history of Samson sculp with the philosophical meaning of the entire cycle. After all, the station caretaker, who does not at all read books, has its own scheme of perception of life. It is reflected in the pictures "with decent German verses", which are shackled on the walls of his "humble, but neutral abode." The narrator describes in detail these pictures depicting a biblical legend about the prodigal son. Samson Vynein is looking through the prism of these pictures to all that happened to him and with his daughter. His life experience suggests that a misfortune will happen to her daughter, she will be deceived and thrown. He is a toy, a little man in the hands of a strong world, which turned money to the main measure.
Pushkin stated one of the main topics of the Russian literature of the XIX century - the topic of a "little man." The significance of this topic for Pushkin was not in the presentation of the kits of his hero, and in the opening in the "small man" compassionate and sensitive soul, endowed with the gift of a response to someone else's misfortune and someone else's pain.
From now on, the topic of a "little man" will sound in Russian classical literature constantly.
Idea
"None of the" Lovenkina "there is no idea. You read - cute, smoothly, smoothly: you read - everything is forgotten, there is nothing but adventure in mind. "Tale of Belkin" are read easily, for they do not make thinking "(" Northern Bee ", 1834, No. 192, August 27).
"True, these stories are entertaining, they cannot be read without pleasure: it comes from the adorable syllable, to tell art, but they are not artistic creatures, but just fairy tales and affection" (V.G. Belinsky).
"Have you reread Pushkin's prose? Make me friendship - Read all the "Tale of Belkin" first. They must be studied and learn to each writer. I did this other day and I can not transfer to that benefactor influence that this reading had been on me "(from the letter L.N. Tolstoy P.D. Golokhwast).
Such an ambiguous perception of the Pushkin cycle suggests that a certain mystery is in the "Perests of Belkin". In the "stannaya caretaker" it was concluded in a small artistic detail - wall paintings telling about the prodigal son, which were in the 20-40s frequent stationery affiliation. The description of those pictures withdraws the story from the socio-domestic plan in philosophical, it allows to comprehend its content in correlation with human experience, interprets the "eternal story" about the prodigal son. The story is penetrated by Paphos compassion.
Character conflict
The story "Stationander" is a humiliated and sad hero, the final is equally and sorrowful and happy: the death of the station caretaker, on the one hand, and the happy life of his daughter - on the other. The story features a special nature of the conflict: there are no negative heroes here, which would be negative in everything; There is no direct evil - and at the same time, the mountain of a simple person, a stationary caretaker, does not become smaller.
A new type of hero and conflict entailed a different system of narration, the figure of the storytellor - the titular adviser A. G. N. He tells the story heard from others, from the very screen and from the "red and curve" of the boy. Duni Uzo Duni by Gusar - Tie the drama, followed by a chain of events. From the postal station, the action is thrown into St. Petersburg, from the house of the caretaker - on the grave behind the Occolic. The caretaker is unable to influence the course of events, but before being bent before fate, trying to reverse the story, save the man from what it seems to be the poor Father's death of his "catty". The hero comprehends what happened and, moreover, goes into the grave from the powerless consciousness of his own guilt and the irreparation of trouble.
"Little Man" is not only a low rank, lack of high social status, but also lost in life, fear of her, loss of interest and goals. Pushkin first drew the attention of readers to the fact that, despite its low origin, a person still remains a person and it is inherent in all the same feelings and passions as people of the highest society. The story "Stationander" teaches to respect and love a person, teaches the ability to sympathize, makes thinking about the fact that the world in which stationary caretakers live is not the best way.
Basic heroes
The storywriter sympathize with sympathetically about the "Fourteenth Class Martyrs", stationary looks accused of travelers in all sins. In fact, their life is a real Katorga: "All the annoyance accumulated during a boring ride, the traveler will take place on a caretaker. The weather is unspecified, the road is bad, the yamper is stubborn, the horses are not lucky - and the caretaker is to blame ... it can be easily guess that I have friends from the respectable caretaker. " In memory of one of them, this story is written.
The main character in the story "Stationander" is Samson scan, a person is about 50 years old. A caretaker was born in about 1766, in the peasant family. The end of the XVIII century, when the score was 20-25 years old - this is the time of Suvorov wars and hikes. As is known from History, Suvorov developed at the subordinate initiative, encouraged the soldiers and non-officers, promoting them in service, bringing them a partnership in them, demanded literacy and intelligence. The man from the peasants under the team of Suvorov could reach the Unter-Officer, to get this title for the faithful service and personal courage. Samson Vyrin could be exactly such a person and served, most likely in the Izmailovsky regiment. The text states that, arriving in St. Petersburg in search of his daughter, he stops in the Izmailovsky regiment, in the house of the retired Unter-Officer, his old colleague.
It can be assumed that around 1880 he resigned and received the position of station caretaker and the rank of college registrar. This position gave a small but constant salary. He married, a daughter was born soon. But the wife died, and the daughter was a father joy and consolation.
From childhood, he had to take all the female work on her fragile shoulders. It is written, as it is represented at the beginning of the story, "fresh and cheerful", sociable and inconvented, despite the fact that undeserved insults have fallen on his head. In just a few years, driving along the same road, the author, who stopped at the night of Samson Võrina, did not recognize him: he turned into an abandoned, stunned senior, the only consolation that bottle was served. But the whole thing in his daughter: without having requesting parental consent, the Dunya is his life and hope, for whom he lived and worked, - Beshal with passion to Husar. Daughter's deed broke Samson, he could not move the fact that his cute child, his Dunya, which he could have protected from any dangers, was able to do this with him and, which is still terrible, with him, she became not his wife, and his mistress.
Pushkin sympathizes to her hero and deeply respects: the low-cost man who has grown in the need, with a hard work, did not forget what decency, conscience and honor. Moreover, these quality it puts above the material benefits. Poverty for Samson is nothing compared to the emptiness of the soul. The author is not in vain in the story such a detail as pictures depicting the history of the prodigal son on the wall in the house of WINN. Like the father of the prodigal son, Samson was ready to forgive. That's just Dunya did not return. The suffering of the Father was aggravated by the fact that he knew well than it was often ends like such stories: "Many of them in St. Petersburg, young fools, today in the atlasa and velvet, and tomorrow, you will see, watch the street together with Gol Kabatskoy. As we think sometimes, that and the Dunya, maybe, immediately disappears, so they imagine will be sinned yes you wish her graves ... " An attempt to break the daughter in a huge St. Petersburg ended with nothing. Here, and the station caretaker surrendered - it was finally poisoned and after some time he died, without waiting for his daughter. Pushkin created a rapidly capacious, truthful image of a simple, little man and showed all his rights to the title and dignity of man and dignity of man.
Dunya in the story is shown by the craftswoman on all hands. No one better could cook her lunch, remove in the house, serve the carriage. And the Father, looking at her agility and beauty, could not rejoice. At the same time, it is a young coquette, who knows his strength, who comes into talking with a visit without timidity, "like a girl, seen the light." Belkin in the story sees the Dunya for the first time when that fourteen years is the age in which it is still early to think about fate. Dunya does not know anything about this intention of the arrival of Gusar Minsk. But, withdrawing from the Father, she chooses her female happiness, let him be short. She chooses another world, unknown, dangerous, but in it she will at least live. It is difficult to blame her in the fact that she chose life, not stagnation, she risked and won. Dunya and comes to the father only when everything came true, he could only dream about, although Pushkin does not mean a word about her marriage. But Sixo Horses, Three Children, Kormilitsa testify to the prosperous completion of history. Of course, the Dunya herself considers himself guilty of his father's death, but probably the reader will forgive her, as Ivan Petrovich Belkin forgives.
Dunya and Minsk, the inner motives of their actions, thoughts and experiences, all over the story of the story, the thing, the father, the red boy describe on the part. Maybe therefore, the images of the Duni and Minsk are somewhat schematically. Minsk is impressed and rich, served in the Caucasus, Chin Rothmistra is not small, and if he is in the guard, it is already big, equal to the army lieutenant colonel. Good and cheerful hussar loved to be an incentive caretaker.
Many actions of the heroes of the story are incomprehensible today, but for the contemporaries of Pushkin they were natural. So, Minsk, having loved the Dunya, did not marry her. He could do this not only because he was a hunch and frivolous man, but also for a number of objective reasons. First, to marry, the officer was required by the permission of the commander, often marriage meant resignation. Secondly, Minsk could depend on his parents who would hardly like to be like marriage and not a nobility of the Duni. The resolution of at least these two problems requires time. Although in the final Minsk was able to do it.
Plot and composition
Russian writers have repeatedly applied to the compositional construction of the "History of Belkin" consisting of five separate ages. He wrote a novel about his plan with a similar composition wrote in one of the letters F.M. Dostoevsky: "Tale is completely separate one of the other, so they can even be allowed to sell separately. I suppose Pushkin thought about the similar form of the novel: five stories (the number of "Lovenkina") coming on sale separately. Pushkin has a story really separate in all respects: there is no end-to-end character (as opposed to five "Hero of our time" Lermontov); No general content. But there is a general reception of secrets, "detective" lying on each story. Pushkin's story is combined, firstly, the figure of the narrator - Belkin; Secondly, the fact that they are all told. The tagging and was, I guess the artistic technique, for which the whole text is set. The tagging as common to all over behaience at the same time allowed their reading (and sale) separately. Pushkin thought about the work, which, being as a whole, would be intended in every part. I call such a form using the experience of subsequent Russian prose, a romance-cycle. "
The stories were written by Pushkin in one chronological order, he laid out them not by time writing, but on the basis of the composite calculation, alternating a story with "disadvantaged" and "prosperous" ends. Such a composition reported to the entire cycle, despite the presence of deeply dramatic positions in it, the overall optimistic orientation.
Pushkin builds the story "Stationander" on the development of two fates and characters - father and daughter. Samson Stationery Caidizer - old well-deserved (three medals on polynyaya ribbons) Returning soldier, a good and honest person, but rude and simple, is at the very bottom of the rank table, at the lowest stage of the social staircase. He is not only a simple, but a small person who every passion nobleman can insult, shout, hit, although his lower chin of the 14th grade gave the right to a personal nobility. But all the guests met, calmrified and poured a beautiful and wiggy daughter of His Dunya. But this family idyll could not continue and ended, at first glance, bad, for the caretaker and his daughter had different fates. Passage young beauties-hussar Minsk fell in love with the Dunya, deftly played the disease, achieved a mutual feeling and took away, as he believed to Husar, weeping, but not a resisting girl on the top three to St. Petersburg.
The small person of the 14th grade did not reconcile with such a physical and loss, he went to St. Petersburg to save the daughter, which, as not without reason, he considered, the cunning seducer would soon throw, will drown on the street. And it itself was important for the further development of this story, for the fate of his Duni. But it turned out that the story is more difficult than the caretaker it imagined. Rothmist loved his daughter and, moreover, turned out to be a conscientious person, honest, he blushed from shame with an unexpected phenomenon of his father deceived by him. And the beauty of the Duny replied to the thief strong, sincere feeling. The old man gradually cut from grief, longing and loneliness, and despite the nourishing pictures about the prodigal son's daughter and did not come to visit him, disappeared, was not at the funeral of the Father. A rural cemetery visited a wonderful lady with three small barcats and a black pug on a luxurious carriage. She silently lay down on the grave of his father and "lying long." This is the popular custom of the last farewell and commemoration, the last "sorry". This is the greatness of human suffering and repentance.
Artistic peculiarity
In the "Peters of Belkin", all the features of the poetics and stylistics of Pushkin artistic prose were relieved. Pushkin performs in them as an excellent novelist, which is equally available and touching the story, and stress on the plot and the front mellows, and the realistic essay of the morals and life. Artistic requirements for prose, which were formulated by Pushkin at the beginning of the 20s., It is now implementing in his own creative practice. Nothing unnecessary, one necessary in the narration, accuracy in definitions, conciseness and compression of the syllable.
"Tale of Belkin" is distinguished by the limiting savings of artistic agents. From the very first string, Pushkin introduces the reader with his heroes, introduces it to the circle of events. Also a scoop and no less expressive outlines of character characters. The author almost does not give an external portrait of heroes, almost does not stop on their mental experiences. At the same time, the appearance of each of the characters appears with a wonderful relief and discouragement from his actions and speeches. "The writer must not cease to learn this treasure," the Lion Tolstoy advised about the "Perests of Belkin" a familiar writer.
The value of the work
In the development of Russian artistic prose, a huge role belongs to Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin. He almost had no predecessor. For a much lower level, a prosaic literary language was also located compared to verses. Therefore, before Pushkin, a particularly important and very difficult task of processing the material of the given region of verbal art was inserted. "Stationander" had an exceptional importance for the further development of Russian literature. Very truthful, warmed by copyright sympathy, the image of the caretaker opens the "poor people" the gallery created by subsequent Russian writers, humiliated and offended by the community relations of the then reality for a simple person.
The first writer who opened the reader the world of "little people" * was N.M. Karamzin. The word Karamzin echoes the Pushkin and Lermontov. The most influence on the subsequent literature was provided by the story of Karamzin "Poor Lisa". The author laid the beginning of a huge cycle of works about "small people", took the first step in this unknown to this topic. It was he who opened the way to such writers of the future as Gogol, Dostoevsky and others.
A.S. Pushkin was the following writer, whose creative attention began to include all huge Russia, its expanses, life villages, St. Petersburg and Moscow were already opening out not only from a luxurious entrance, but also through narrow doors of poor houses. For the first time, Russian literature is so shrill and clearly showed the identity distortion to her hostility. The artistic opening of Pushkin was directed into the future, it pierced the Russian literature into another unknown.