What is the speech of Cookryniks. Kukryniks (artists)

Creative team of Soviet graphic artists and painters, which included valid members of the USSR AH, Folk artists of the USSR (1958), Heroes of Socialist Labor Mikhail Kupriyanov (1903-1991), Porphyry of the Wings (1902-1990) and Nikolai Sokolov (1903-2000) .

The pseudonym "Kukryniks" is composed of the first syllables of the names of Kupriyanov and Krylov, as well as the first three letters of the name and the first letter of the name Nikolai Sokolov. The artists always worked together, this was the phenomenon of their collective creativity. The greatest fame of the "Kukryniks" brought numerous masterfully filled cartoons, cartoons, posters and books, created in a characteristic satirical style.

The joint work of Kukryniks began in student years in the highest art and technical workshops. In Moscow Vhutemas, artists traveled from different ends of the USSR. Kupriyanov from Kazan, Wings from Tula, Sokolov from Rybinsk. In 1922, Kupriyanov and Krylov got acquainted and began to work together in the wall newspaper of Vhowemas like a dumb and a cride. At this time, Sokolov, still living in Rybinsk, put the signature of Nicks in his drawings. In 1924, he joined Kupriyanov and Kryonov, and since then they have worked in three as the Kukryniks.

At the beginning of the creative path in the group, there was a search for a new single style that used the skill of each authors. The heroes of literary works were the first to feather cartoonists. Later, when the Kukryniks became permanent employees of the True newspaper and the Crocodile magazine, they took advantage of the political caricature.

Caricatures, posters and "TASS windows" were a big role in the patriotic education of Soviet people, created by Kukryniki during the Great Patriotic War 1941-1945, combining in symbolic-generalized images the evil satir and heroism ("mercilessly defeat and destroy the enemy!", 1941) . The post-war work of Kukryniks, impellers of war, imperialists, enemies of peace and socialism possess significant political power. For political cartoons and posters, Cookryniks were awarded the State Prize of the USSR (1942) and the Leninist Prize (1965).

The works of Kukryniks are almost all major museum meetings of Russia; State Tretyakov Gallery, Russian State Library, Rybinsky and Yaroslavl State Historical and Architectural Art Museum-Reserves, Tula Museum of Fine Arts, private collections of Russia and abroad.

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Agitational postcards and posters of times of the Great Patriotic War are known to the modern generation as museum and exhibition exhibits, from relevant thematic editions and films. The most striking and memorable works of this cycle created artists Kukryniksi. Commonwealth of these young people is a rare connection of talent, community of interests, mutual support and additions to each other. The authorship of this collective belongs not only graphic works. Kukryniks equally successfully created picturesque canvas, illustrations to literary publications, tried themselves in the design of theatrical scenery and sculpture. Who were these talented people?

How was Kukryniki born?

Talented young artists of Kupriyanov, the wings and falcons began their way in art in different ways, and the first teachers, and they were completely different from them, and were born in different cities. They met in the walls of the Higher State Art and Technical Workshops, abbreviated hereinafter referred to as Vhutemas. At first, the pyriovani with wing. Their funny caricatures and cartoons decorated student newspapers and subscribed to the names of the pitch or the cookies. "Nix", or Nikolai Sokolov joined the guys in two years later, then his initials were made to the anagram.

Joint creativity

The more general public has become famous after the start of work in the journal Komsomolia, the chief editor of which was the famous poet of heat. It was in 1924. Caricatures and funny satirical drawings guys created easily. It looked like this: one took the sheet and started to draw, then the drawing was passed from hand to hand. What turned out in the end, admired and came out ingenious.

After some time, friends began to order friendly cartoons many celebrities. The first five years, the construction of a new state economy fascinated friends. They traveled around the country, the themes for creativity became more serious than a light joke. Artists of Cookryniks in satirical form pounded unscrupulous performers, political situation around the country of advice.

A special popularity of the team brought campaigning during the Great Patriotic War. Many events occurred in the life of the artists themselves and in their surroundings, but the trio managed to preserve their Commonwealth until 1990 and was chatted only after the death of Krylov. Kukryniks are called the two-dimensional directions in the art - journalistic graphics.

Mikhail Kupriyanov (1903-1991)

Talented boy was born on the banks of the Volga, in a small town of Tetyusha. Back in the orphanage, his watercolor landscape received a premium at the urban exhibition. The events of the rapid revolutionary time did not have to the artistic classes - it was necessary to survive in a new setting. This circumstance and abandoned Misha Kuprisanov in the coal mines of Turkestan.

But the happy case brought him with people who considered talent and sent a guy to study at the boarding school, and after graduation - in Vhutemas. Kupriyanov's brushes belong to several successful landscapes, but most of all it pulled to fun and funny. It is no coincidence that the same cheerful comrade met on his way.

Porphyry Wings (1902-1990)

Unlike his new acquaintance, Porphyria seriously attracted watercolor painting, in Vhutamas he graduated from the course for this specialization. The son of the Tula working weapon plant struck at one time teachers of the university with their youthful works. Konk Krylova - warm and sensual landscapes. In later works, the wings were manifested - portraitist. This artist was entrusted to make portrait sketches of fascism criminals in the Nuremberg process. But with all these talents, the most popular artist brought exactly the Commonwealth of Cookrynks, the work of graphics, a cartoon, decorator, illustrator.

"Nix"

Like the other members of the famous Troika, Nikolai Sokolov (1903-2000) came to the schedule of his own, distinctive from the rest, dear. That was common to all students of the workshop of arts, so it is a passion for your favorite occupation from early childhood. Sokolov was no exception. A mother's gift, a box with watercolor paints, he considered the brightest and exciting memories of childhood. In the area studio, the boy came during the operating period in the Rybinsky water transport control. It was then that in an active young man there was an interest in the display of public life events in the form of posters, leaflets, posters. It is not surprising that this is a hobby of Sokolov's brief with Kupriyanov and Krylov. So the cookies were supplemented with Nicks.

Graphics Kukryniks

The union of gifted creative people presented the world of unsurpassed masters of journalistic graphics and artistic satire. There was no such event in the country and in the world, starting in the thirties of the last century, the artists of Kukryniks would have responded. No less successfully enjoy their humorous cartoons on household topics. Particularly valuable was the talent of friends in campaign leaflets and posters of the Second World War. The graphics of the period amazes with its accuracy and ability to raise the morale of the army.

Individual painting

Despite more than half a century of a close community, artists Kukryniks retained every individual vision of the world. Valuable works of painting became both jointly created paintings and individual works of each master. After them, no one else was able to create such a team, where the peak of joint popularity would be achieved and the uniqueness of individuality would be preserved.

Kukryniks - the creative team of Soviet graphic artists and painters, which included the actual members of the AH USSR, Folk artists of the USSR (1958), Heroes of Socialist Labor, Mikhail Kupriyanov (1903-1991), Porphyry of the Wings (1902-1990) and Nikolai Sokolov (1903- 2000).

Biography Kukryniksi

The pseudonym "Kukryniks" is composed of the first syllables of the names of Kupriyanov and Krylov, as well as the first three letters of the name and the first letter of the name Nikolai Sokolov.

The joint work of Kukryniks began in student years in the highest art and technical workshops. In Moscow Vhutemas, artists traveled from different ends of the Soviet Union. Kupriyanov from Kazan, Wings from Tula, Sokolov from Rybinsk. In 1922, Kupriyanov and Krylov got acquainted and began to work together in the wall page of Vhowemas as a cookie and a rat. In this time, Sokolov, still living in Rybinsk, put the signature of Nicks in his drawings. In 1924, he joined Kupriyanov and Kryonov, and in the wall newspaper they worked three of them as Kukryniks)

Creativity Kukryniksi

Three artists worked the method of collective creativity (everyone also worked and individually - over portraits and landscapes).

They brought the greatest fame of numerous masterfully filled cartoons and cartoons, as well as book illustrations created in a characteristic caricature style.

The group was searching for a new single style that used the skill of each of the authors.

The heroes of literary works were the first to feather cartoonists.

Later, when the Kukryniks became permanent employees of the True newspaper and the Crocodile magazine, they took advantage of the political caricature. According to the memoirs of the artist of the journal "Crocodile", German Ogorodnikova, from the mid-60s,

A significant moment in the work was a military poster "Ruthlessly defeat and destroy the enemy!. He appeared on the June streets of Moscow one of the first - immediately after the attack of Hitler's Germany in the USSR.

The Kukryniks passed the whole war: their leaflets accompanied the Soviet soldiers all military road to Berlin. In addition, the cycle of posters "TASS windows" was very popular.

They became classics of the Soviet political caricature, which they understood as an instrument of combating a political enemy, and did not recognize any other trends in art and in caricatures, which were fully primarily in the first place in the new format of the "literary newspaper" (department of humor "Club 12 chairs" ).

Their political caricatures, often published in the newspaper "True", belong to the best examples of this genre ("ticks in the ticks", "I lost my ring ...", "Under an eagle, I responded, I responded to Rome," "Wall-haircut", "Lion Share ", series of drawings of" War Maltarians ", etc.). The team belongs to numerous political posters ("Transformation of Fritz", "Peoples are warned", etc.).

Kukryniks are also known as painters and masters of a machine drawing. They are the authors of the paintings "Morning", "Tanya", "German escape from Novgorod", "End" (1947-1948), "Old hosts" (1936-1937). They are drawn Pastel's drawings - "I. V. Stalin and V. M. Molotov, "I. V. Stalin in Kureik, "Barricades in Presnya in 1905", "Chkalov on the island of UDD" and others.

Members of the team also worked and apart - in the field of portrait and landscape.

Work and exhibitions

Power works for Kukryniks were grotesque topical caricatures on the themes of domestic and international life (Series "Transport", 1933-1934, "War Certificates", 1953-1957), agitation, including anti-fascist, posters ("mercilessly defeat and destroy the enemy! ", 1941), illustrations to works by Nikolai Gogol, Mikhail Saltykov-Shchedrin (1939), Anton Chekhov (1940-1946), Maxim Gorky (" Life of Klim Samgin "," Foma Gordeev "," Mother ", 1933, 1948-1949 ), Ilya Ilf and Yevgeny Petrova ("Golden Challenge"), Miguel Cervantes ("Don Quixote").

The creative association of artists Kukryniks, glorified in the 30s-40s of the XX century with their satirical works, today is almost unknown to new generations. Artists played an important role in the culture and politics of the Soviet Union.

Vhutemas - Meeting point

The highest artistic workshops created by 1920 and known to the whole world as Vhutemas, released a large number of designers and artists who significantly affected the Soviet culture, but also left a trace in world art.

In particular, artists of Kukryniksi began their path from here, who came here to different ways and from different places, but with one goal - learn how to create a beautiful. Mikhail Kupriyanov and Porfiry Krylov met in 1922, working on the releases of the wall newspaper Vhowemas "Arapotel". They signed their work with a reduction in the cookies and a cride. Later, the newlyworn student was joined by Nikolai Sokolov, who had long signed his works as Nix. So the famous students appeared united not only the love of art, but also the general worldview. Their elements were laughter, they simply noticed humorous dashes in the surrounding reality, and it became their original point in collaboration.

Commonwealth of like-minded people

Artists Cookryniks are a unique phenomenon in world culture. Simultaneous work on works required a close connection and proximity in their views. They were united by a creative platform - they sought to notice the funny and express it in the drawings. V. Mayakovsky played a big role in the formation of the Commonwealth, he embodied their thoughts and moods. Its "Growth Satira" windows have become a real university for cartoonists. The poet also drew attention to an interesting team and suggested that they arrange the production of "Claop", later they will create a series of sketches on this work. In this work, the features of their artistic method were crystallized, they drenched at Mayakovsky courage, accuracy and topicality.

The team's biography is associated with the creation of a unique phenomenon in fine art, it got the name "Positive Satire". The second person, who played a crucial role in the formation of Kukryniks, was bitter. He not only helped them find a job, but also instructed the right ideological way. It was he who encouraged their interest in politics and helped to understand the batch line. The main works in their work became truly satirical works - mocking and ulcer. For several decades, from the mid-20s to the end of the 90s, artists closely were friends, and this allowed them to create together.

The art method of Kukryniks

Artists Cookryniks were able to create a unique work on the work. There were also to them, but such in which all creative individuality erased in the name of the collective "artist" did not happen. They worked so that the potential of each creator was most embodied in the final work. As a result of close unity, the recognizable satirical style of artists, which was most fully realized in posters and caricatures, but to distinguish between both scenic canvases. They worked on the work in turn, the drawing went in a circle, each introduced his strokes into it, and a collective product was obtained.

Kukryniks always adhered to two principles: nationality and party. They understood art as serving the Motherland, and the heroic mood of the era of the 20s they carried through their entire creative life.

Milestones of a creative path

Kukryniksi began to work together as caricaturists in the famous Arapotel's wall newspaper, which was sharply riddled by cosmopolitans and formalists, conducting a batch line. Since 1924, they begin to engage in illustrations to literary works. They illustrated young writers and even developed such a genre as a visual criticism. Maxim Gorky drew attention to unusual illustrators and advised them widerly draw topics for art from life, and not just from literature. At the end of the 20s, the Cookryniks Cookniks are printed in all literary magazines, they come closer to many writers. They exposed literary vices: boredom, wait, formalism. And today, many of their cartoons have not lost their relevance.

Since 1925, the group actively cooperates with the Soviet media, publishing there eating caricatures on social vices. Gradually, their glory grew up, and every reader, opening the newspaper, was looking for these drawings first. During this period, their technique is honored, they are especially successful with drawings of mascara, and a cartoon, stinging feed attracts its sharpness atpon to the Soviet press. Their series, such as "transport" in the newspaper "True", brought them serious glory. They become a mouthpiece of the era.

In the pre-war years, Kukryniks find themselves in the new genre - a political poster. During the war years, he becomes a real weapon against the enemy. Kukryniks, whose posters helped the people of the Soviet Union in the most difficult times, became a powerful ideological instrument of power. Their poster "mercilessly defeat and destroy the enemy!" Appeared on the streets of the country in June 1941. They served homeland and passed the whole war with soldiers in and leaflets. They also worked in the project "TASS windows", which in the form of a poster covered the news and maintained the morale of the nation. After the war, they received accreditation to the Nuremberg process and conducted their sarcastic report from there. Kukryniks became real classics of the Soviet caricature, they were known all over the world, received a lot of professional awards.

The third direction in which the Kukryniks worked was painting. They wrote genre canvases on historical topics, laying the foundations of the new direction in the art - socialist realism. During the recovery period, Kukryniks work a lot in the press, they are engaged in book graphics, they write pictures. In the 60s, they create a large number of illustrations to Russian classics. At the same time, every artist creates independently. In the 80-90s, due to age, artists work less, but their creative union was not collapsed until the end of life.

Significant work Kukryniksov

Artists Kukryniks were very productive, from under their pencil and brushes there were a lot of wonderful works. The most noticeable were: a series of satirical portraits of the "face of the enemy", which united the expressive features of the poster and easel painting, Triptych "old owners", illustrations to the collection of Hogol's works and works by Gorky, Saltykov-Shchedrin, Ilf and Petrov, as well as numerous posters of military years. The latter can be attributed to the "Museum of Boyed", "Plan of Environment and Taking Moscow", "Duty to Krasnoy", as well as the picturesque Tanya's picturesque canvas, "German Flight from Novgorod", "End".

Cooknikov exhibitions and heritage

In 1932, the first exhibition of Cookryniks, which was organized by Maxim Gorky. It contains political and household cartoons, painting, book graphics. In 1952, a significant exhibition was held at the Academy of Arts of the USSR, which was widely and fully represented by the work of Kukryniks, as well as the autonomous work of artists belonging to the union. In 2008, a retrospective exhibition of Cookryniks took place.

The artists-cartoonists, whose heritage is closely related to the history of the Soviet state, have repeatedly received the highest state awards and premiums. Their work is kept in the largest museums of Russia.

Creative path Mikhail Kuryovanova

Mikhail Kupriyanov was born in the small town of Tetyushi on the Volga. Since childhood, loved to draw, studied in Tashkent in central art workshops, where he was sent through the youth ticket. For special successes in their studies, he was sent to study to Moscow in Vhutemas, where he became a member of Kukryniks.

The independent creative life of Kupriyanov was successful, he implemented himself as a painter. He loved the genre of the landscape. Today's a series of pictures with views of Leningrad, the Caspian Sea and the Moscow region are known.

He graduated from his life path in 1991.

Artist Porphyry Krylov

The second participant in the community of Kukryniks - Porfiry in Tula. Since childhood, he showed artistic abilities, studied in the midstland, then he entered Vhutemas. In addition to activities in Kukryniks, I worked a lot like a painter, wrote portraits, landscapes, still lifes. His works are in the collections of many museums in the world. In Tula, his house-museum opened.

Porfiry Nikitich died in 1990.

Creative biography Nikolai Sokolova

Moskvich Nikolai Sokolov studied at the Izostuda of Prel Tole, after which he entered Vhutemas and became the third party of Kukryniks. Sokolov took place as a talented painter. His favorite genre was a lyrical landscape. His works "Lermontov Places", "Abramtsevo", "Evening on the Volga" and others are stored in the best museums of Russia.

Nikolai Sokolov died in 2000.

Kukryniks are a pseudonym of the creative team of three jointly worked Soviet painters and graphs. It was composed of the first syllables of the names of Kupriyanov and Krylov, as well as the first syllable name and the first letter of the name Nikolai Sokolov. Three artists worked by collective creativity. At the same time, everyone worked and individually - over portraits and landscapes. Numerous caricatures, cartoons and books were brought the greatest fame.

The joint creativity of Kukryniks began in student years in the highest artistic workshops. In Moscow, they traveled from different ends of the country. Kupriyanov from Kazan, Wings from Tula, Sokolov from Rybinsk. In 1922, Kupriyanov and Krylov met and began to work together as the cookies. Sokolov, even in Rybinsk, put the signature of Nicks in his drawings. Since 1924, artists have already worked as a threesome kukryniks. "Our team, in truth, consists of four artists: Kupriyanov, Krylova, Sokolova and Kukryniks. To the last we all treat with great care and care, "they write Kukryniks and emphasize: - what has been created by the team, could not master any of us separately. In full force, the picturesque talent of artists unfolded during the Great Patriotic War. A significant moment in the work was a military poster "mercilessly defeat and destroy the enemy!". He appeared on the June streets of Moscow one of the first - immediately after the attack of Hitler's Germany in the USSR. The Kukryniks passed the whole war: their leaflets accompanied the Soviet soldiers all military road to Berlin. They continued the tradition of Mayakovsky, creating posters for the TASS window cycle. They became classics of the Soviet political caricature, which they understood as an instrument of combating the enemy. How many times the Hitler in the caricatures of Kukryniks commanded skeletons and turned into a skeleton himself! How many times the Soviet cartoonists were predicted the end of the bloody adventure, how many times did the "rupture" of Reich noted! Kupriyanov, Wings, Sokolov - reflected the entire history of the Great Patriotic War, created famous caricatures on the rulers of the Third Reich. At first, as a rule, the text appeared - something like "At the Gada Hitler, all plans are broken. In the failure, they are not, however, is to blame, and the red fighters are the heroes-giants. " On his posters, Gadina, strangled, piled up with a sharp spear, were shone into the shackles. Carticatures were another our powerful tool and beat right into the target. Napoleon suffered striking the same and with the accrediting Hitler!

In Moscow Kalachi,

Like fire hot.

At night fascist reptiles

Hail of fiery shells

Muscovites treat!

The exhibition opened in Moscow is timed to the Victory Day. It is called "the history of the eyes of Kukryniks". The team was awarded the Leninist Prize (1965), Stalin Prize (1942, 1947, 1949, 1950, 1951), the picture "End" is a peak in the painting of Cookrynks. This is the fruit of artistic fiction, and at the same time - this is the truth of art based on the deep knowledge of life. An extremely important role in the history of this painting was played by artists in Berlin. Here they are descending into the dungeon of Reichskancelary, they go with dark corridors, see their eyes the funnels from shells sketching the living Nazis, reflect ... All this has had an imagination of artists, and the thought worked in a certain direction. Behind the series of paintings dedicated to the events of the Great Patriotic War - Tanya (1942), "End" (1948) and "German Flight from Novgorod" (1944), - the creative team was awarded the State Prize (1975). Their art remains topful and in our time. Especially when NATO is on the east! Let's notify that all the Kukryniks are Colonels of the Soviet Army. Characteristic time sign. Kukryniks worked together before old age, struck by everyone amazing for a group of creative people with unanimity. All pictures managed to save and restore. Today, the works of artists performed in the war years in some hands - at a private collector.