The fact that Kuprin became famous. Alexander Kuprin: biography, creativity and interesting facts

Alexander Ivanovich Kubrin is a famous Russian writer and translator. He made a significant contribution to the Russian Literature Foundation. His works were distinguished by special realism, so he received recognition in a wide variety of society.

Brief biography Kupin

Your attention is offered a brief biography of Kupper. She, like everything, contains a lot.

Childhood and parents

Alexander Ivanovich Kubrin was born on August 26, 1870 in the city in the city, in the family of a simple official. When a little Alexander was only one year, his father - Ivan Ivanovich died.

After the death of her husband, the mother of the future writer - love Alekseevna, decided to go to Moscow. It was in this city a childhood and her youth of Kurpra.

Training and the beginning of the creative way

When young Sasha was 6 years old, he was given to study at the Moscow Orphan School, which he graduated from in 1880

Alexander Ivanovich Kubrin

In 1887, Kubrin was enrolled in the Alexander Military School.

During this period, the biography, he has to face different difficulties, which he will write about in the stories "on a fracture (cadets)" and "Juncker".

Alexander Ivanovich had a good ability to write poems, but they remained unpublished.

In 1890, the writer served in the infantry shelf in the rank of the podororuk.

Being in this rank, he writes such stories as "inquiry", "Fogging", "night shift" and "campaign."

Flowering creativity

In 1894, Kubrin decides to resign, being at that time already in the rank of lieutenant. Immediately after that, he begins to travel by, getting acquainted with different people and gaining new knowledge.

During this period, he managed to get acquainted with Maxim Gorky and.

The biography of Kupper is interesting because all the impressions and experiences received by him during his considerable travel, he immediately took as a basis for future works.

In 1905, the story "Fight" is printed, which receives real recognition in society. In 1911, his most significant work "pomegranate bracelet", which made Kupper truly famous.

It should be noted that he was easily writing not only serious literature, but also children's stories.

Emigration

One of the most important moments in the life of the journal was the October Revolution. In a brief biography, it is difficult to describe all the experiences of the writer associated with this time.

Briefly only note that he flatly refused to accept the ideology of military communism and the terror associated with him. Assessing the current situation, the Kuprin almost immediately decides to emigrate in.

In a foreign land, he continues to write a story and stories, as well as engage in translation activities. For Alexander Kurin, it was unthinkable to live without creativity, which is clearly visible throughout his biography.

Return to Russia

Over time, in addition to the material difficulties, the Kurin is increasingly starting to experience nostalgia in his homeland. It is possible to return back to Russia only after 17 years. Then he writes his last work, which is called "Moscow Native".

Last years of life and death

Soviet officials were beneficial to the famous writer, who returned to his homeland. From him tried to create the image of a repentable writer who came from a foreign land to sing happy.

However, in the service notes of the competent authorities, it was not weak, sick, is inoperable and, practically, not to write anything.

By the way, that is why there was information that "Moscow is native" belongs not to the Kupruhn himself, but the journalist N. K. Verzhbitsky attached to him.

August 25, 1938 Alexander Kuprin died of esophageal cancer. He was buried in Leningrad on the Volkovsky cemetery, next to the great writer.

• When Kuprin was not yet known, he managed to master a variety of professions. He worked in the circus, was an artist, teacher, a surveyor and a journalist. In total, he mastered more than 20 different professions.
• The first wife of the writer - Maria Karlovna, did not really love the riots and inorganization in the work of Kupper. So, for example, to make it sleeping in the workplace, she deprived him of breakfast. And when he did not write the necessary chapters for some story, the wife refused to let him into the house. How not to remember the American scientist, who under pressure from his wife!
• Kubrin loved to dress in the National Tatar Outfit, and walk in this form through the streets. According to his maternal line, he had Tatar roots than he was always proud.
• Kuprin personally communicated with Lenin. He offered the leader to create a newspaper for rustic residents called "Earth".
• In 2014, the television series "Kuprin", telling about the life of the writer.
• According to the memories of contemporaries, Kuprin was truly very kind and not indifferent to someone else's fate.
• Many settlements, streets and libraries are named after Kupper.

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Alexander Ivanovich Kubrin was born on August 26 (September 7) of 1870 in the county town of Varovka (now Penza region) in the family of an official, the hereditary nobleman Ivan Ivanovich Kurin (1834-1871), who died a year after the birth of the Son. Mother, Lyubov Alekseevna (1838-1910), Born Kulunchakov, took place from the genus of Tatar princes (noblewoman, did not have the princely title). After the death of her husband, she moved to Moscow, where childhood and adolescence of the future writer passed. At six years, the boy was given to the Moscow Razumovsky Pension (orphan), from where it came out in 1880. In the same year he entered the second Moscow Cadet Corps.

In 1887, he was released in the Alexander Military School. Subsequently will describe its "military youth" in the titles "on a fracture (cadets)" and in the novel "Junker".

The first literary experience of Kurrov was the poems remaining unpublished. The first work that saw the light is the story "Last Debut" (1889).

In 1890, the Kubrin in the rank of the podernoye was released in the 46th Dneprovsky Infantry Regiment, which was in the Podolsk province (in Proskurov). The officer life, which he led for four years, gave a rich material for his future works.

In 1893-1894 in the St. Petersburg magazine "Russian wealth" there was his story "Fogging", the stories "Lunar Night" and "Inquiry". On the army theme of Kupper several stories: "Overnight" (1897), "Night shift" (1899), "Cam".

In 1894, Lieutenant Kubrin resigned and moved to Kiev, having no civil profession. In the following years I wandered a lot in Russia, trifting many professions, greedily absorbing the life impressions that became the basis of his future works.

During these years, Kuprin met I. A. Bunin, A. P. Chekhov and M. Gorky. In 1901, he moved to St. Petersburg, began to work the secretary of the "magazine for all". In St. Petersburg magazines appeared stories Kurin: "Baloto" (1902), "Konokrad" (1903), "White Poodle" (1903).

In 1905, his most significant work was published - the story "fight", which had a great success. The speeches of the writer with reading individual chapters "fight" became the event of the cultural life of the capital. Other works of this time: Stories "Staff-captain of Rybnikov" (1906), "River of Life", "Gambrinus" (1907), Essay "Events in Sevastopol" (1905). In 1906, he was a candidate for deputies of the State Duma I convocation from St. Petersburg province.

Creativity Kuprin in the years between the two revolutions opposed the decadent sentiments of those years: the cycle of essays "Litriped" (1907-1911), the stories about animals, the stories "Sullaif" (1908), "Pomegranate bracelet" (1911), fantastic story "Liquid Sun" (1912). His prose has become a noticeable phenomenon of Russian literature. In 1911, Vgathchin settled with his family.

After the beginning of the First World War, he opened a military hospital in his house and agitated in citizens' newspapers to take military loans. In November 1914, was mobilized to the army and sent to Finland commander of the infantry company. Demobilized in July 1915 for health.

In 1915, Kuprin completes the work on the story of "Yama", in which he talks about the life of prostitutes in Russian public houses. The story was condemned for excess, according to critics, naturalism. Nuravukin's publishing house, which released Kurrin in the German edition of the pit, was attracted by the prosecutor's office for responsibility "for the distribution of pornographic publications."

Nikolai II renunciation met in Helsingfors, where he was treated, and he took him with enthusiasm. After returning to Gatchina, he was the editor of the newspapers "Free Russia", "liberty", "Petrogradsky leafleka", sympathized with Esramen. The afterseasting power to the Bolsheviks and the writer did not accept the policies of military communism and the terror conjugate. In 1918 he went to Lenin with a proposal to publish a newspaper for the village - "Earth". He worked in the publishing house "World Literature", founded by M. Gorky. At that time, I made a translation "Don Carlos" f. Schiller. He was arrested, she spent three days in prison, was released and entered into the list of hostages.

October 16, 1919, with the advent of Gatchina Whites, he entered the rank of Lieutenant to the North-Western army, received the appointment with the editor of the Army newspaper "Private Krai", which General P. N. Krasnov was headed.

After the defeat of the North-West Army went to Revel, and from there in December 1919 in Helsinki, where he stayed until July 1920, after which he went to Paris.

Seventeen years, which the writer spent in Paris, contrary to the opinion of Soviet literature, were a fruitful period.

According to the version of Soviet literary criticism, almost forcibly mobilized by white and turned out to be in emigration to misunderstand the Kubrin did not write anything worthwhile abroad.

In fact, a fifty-year-old Kuprin freed from military service for health, he wrote into the White Army, he wrote about the officers of the North-West Army: "Only people of excessively high combat qualities began to get in the officer composition. In this army it was impossible to hear about the officer of such definitions as brave, bold, brave, heroic, and so on. There were two definitions: "a good officer" or, occasionally, "yes, if in the hands". Seeing his debt in the fight against the Bolsheviks, he was proud of the service in this army, could - would go into operation, in position. As an expensive relic in emigration, he kept the field epaulets of the lieutenant and a three-color angle on the sleeve, stitched by Elizabeth Morithic. After the defeat, who already visited and hostages, he saved himself and his family from Terror. Dictatorship as a form of power did not accept the writer, the Soviet Russia called the Council of Europe.

During the years of emigration, Kuprin writes three big stories, many stories, articles and essays. His prose spawned noticeably. If the "fight" reduces the image of a noble royal officer almost to the level of the officer of the modern, then "Junker" is filled with the spirit of the Russian army, invincible and immortal. "I would like," said Kubrin, "so that the past, which was left forever, our schools, our junkers, our lives, customs, traditions remained at least on paper and did not disappear not only from the world, but even from the memory of people. "Junker" is my willing of Russian youth. "

By 1930, the Kuprin family was depleted and mired in debt. His literary fees were scarce, and alcohol microfielded all his years in Paris. Since 1932, his eyesight has constantly worsened, and the handwriting has become much worse. Return to the Soviet Union has become the only solution to the material and psychological problems of Kuprin. At the end of 1936, he still decided to seek a visa. In 1937, at the invitation of the Government of the USSR returned to his homeland. The return of Kupper to the Soviet Union was preceded by the appeal of the USSR Pol Air District in France. N. I. Yezhov. Heds sent a note of Potemkin to the Politburo of the Central Committee of the CPSU (b), which on October 23, 1936 decided: "Allow entry into the USSR to the Writer A. I. Kuprina" ("For" I. V. Stalin voted, in. M. Molotov, in . Ya. Chubar and A. A. Andreev; abstained by K. E. Voroshilov).

Died on the night of August 25, 1938 from the cancer of the esophagus. He was buried in Leningrad on the literary walkways of the Volkovsky cemetery next to the Mogula I. S. Turgenev.

Alexander Ivanovich Kubrin - a wonderful Russian writer, whose work, unfortunately, was not appreciated for a long time. Master of the story and a short story, a subtle psychologist, Kubrin He possessed a brilliant writing gift, and all his works are imbued with endless love - to the homeland, nature, man, to the whole world. Even after reading the story, filled with sadness and tragedy, a light feeling remains on the soul, as it always happens at the moments of admission to the world of high art.

It is difficult to explain today why in previous years was always in the shadow of Chekhov, Gorky and other Russian writers, and his works were included only in the list of additional school literature. But, nevertheless, the writer has always remembered in Russia, they loved, read and re-read, and the best directions put films based on his wonderful stories.

Romance and love for life

The fate of most Russian writers is dramatic, and Alexander Kurrin is no exception. But years of disasters, deprivation and wanders helped him learn better and understand the Russian man, his character, hopes and aspirations. Despite the difficult life and, sometimes, a beggar existence, the writer concludes that "the person came to the world for the immense freedom of creativity and happiness." In the center of his attention, representatives of different classes, people poor and rich, talented and mediocre, generous and selfish. Their relationship, dreams, desire to change the life or immersion in complete despair cannot leave anyone indifferent from readers.

Reflection of social problems in the works of Kurp

It is difficult without tears to read the "white poodle" or "", but it is the compassion that makes a person better, cleaner and kinder. It should be noted that Kubrin is the first Russian writer, deeply affected the problems of the army and people leading the asocial lifestyle. In the "duel" we learn about the senseless weekdays of officers, their spiritual devastation, the absence of faith in the future. Endless monotonous evenings, drunkenness, hopeless poverty, debts - so sees the author of the army, and it gives him moral suffering itself. The continuation of the topic is the story of "Yama" - the first sincere work about the sales love and rejected by society. The famous "pomegranate bracelet" is a return to the topic of unrequited love, which elevates a person makes it strong and selfless.

From romance to realism

In addition to these works, the most frequently proposed for studying and analyzing, Cookin has many no less significant and interesting sketches about love and nature. The description of the urban and rural landscapes causes admiration for the virtuoso light syllable - the reader seems to be transferred to the darkness of Polesia, or on the streets of the Southern Sea City, whose streets are filled with the in the evenings of the spicy aroma of White Acacia. Being a romantic and life in kind, the writer is deeply experiencing events taking place in Russia. In the story "" Truthfully shows the life of workers, their dysfect position, indifference of the intelligentsia to the people, its convergence from real life.

Acquaintance S. Cook The site will be useful for everyone who wishes to meet the work of the writer within the school and optional program.

The works of Kupper Alexander Ivanovich, as well as the life and creativity of this outstanding Russian prose, are interested in many readers. He was born in a thousand eight hundred and seventy year twenty-sixth of August in the city of Varov.

His father almost immediately after his appearance he died from cholera. After a while, the mother of Kurpra comes to Moscow. It suits daughters there in state institutions, and also takes care of the fate of the Son. The role of Mom in the upbringing and education of Alexander Ivanovich is impossible to exaggerate.

Education of the future Prosaika

In a thousand eight hundred and eighties, Alexander Kurin enters the military gymnasium, which was subsequently transformed into the Cadet Corps. Eight years later ends this institution and continues to develop his military career. He did not have another option, since it was this that allowed to study for a government account.

And after two years later, he graduated from the Alexander Military School and received the title of a pitch. This is a pretty serious officer rank. And the time of self-service comes. In general, the Russian army was a major career for many Russian writers. Recalling at least Mikhail Yuryevich Lermontov or Afanasia Afanasyevich Feta.

Military Career of the famous writer Alexander Kurin

Those processes that occurred at the turn of the centuries in the army were in the future became the theme of very many works of Alexander Ivanovich. In a thousand eight hundred and ninety-third year, Kubrin makes an unsuccessful attempt to enter the Academy of General Staff. Here is a clear parallel with his famous story "Fight", which will be mentioned a little later.

And a year later, Alexander Ivanovich commenced, without losing communication with the army and not having lost the massif of life impressions, which gave rise to many of his prosaic creations. He is still an officer, trying to write and from some time begins to be published.

The first attempts of creativity, or a few days in Karzer

The first published story of Alexander Ivanovich is called "Last Debut". And for this, his creation Kubrin spent two days in Karzer, because the officers did not relieve in print.

The writer lives a timeless life for a long time. He seemed to have no fate. He constantly wanders, for so many years, Alexander Ivanovich lives in the south, Ukraine or Malorus, as they talked. He visits a huge number of cities.

Kurpur is printed a lot, gradually journalism becomes its permanent activity. He knew Russian south as few of the other writers. At the same time, Alexander Ivanovich begins to publish his essays that immediately attracted the attention of readers. The writer tried himself in many genres.

Acquisition of fame in reader circles

Of course, there are a lot of creations who created the Kuprin, the work, the list of which is even a common schoolboy. But the very first story, which made Alexander Ivanovich famous, is "molok." She was published in a thousand eight hundred ninety-sixth year.

This work was based on real events. Kubrin visited Donbass as a correspondent and familiarized himself with the work of the Russian-Belgian joint-stock company. Industrialization and rise of production, everything that many public figures have sought to be turned around by inhuman working conditions. It is in this that the main idea of \u200b\u200bthe story "Moloch".

Alexander Kuprin. Works whose list is known for a wide range of readers

After some time, works are going on today to almost every Russian reader. This is a "pomegranate bracelet", "elephant", "duel" and, of course, the story "Olesya". This work is published in a thousand eight hundred and ninety-year second year in the newspaper "Kievanin". In it, Alexander Ivanovich very sharply changes the subject of the image.

No more plants and technical aesthetics, and Volyn forests, folk legends, paintings of nature and customs of the local villagers. This is what puts the author into the work of "Olesya". Kubrin wrote another work that does not have equal.

The image of a girl from the forest capable of understanding the language of nature

The main heroine is a girl, a resident of forests. She seemed to be a sorceress that could command the forces of the surrounding nature. And the ability of a girl to hear and feel her tongue is in contradiction with church and religious ideology. Olesya is subjected to condemnation, attribute to her guilt in many troubles that are conded to the neighbors.

And in this collision, the girl from the forest and peasants, located in the Lon of Social Life, which describes the work of "Olesya", the Kuprin used a peculiar metaphor. It has a very important oppression of natural life and modern civilization. And for Alexander Ivanovich, this preparation is very typical.

The next work of the junk, which became popular

The work of the Kukrin "Duel" became one of the most famous creations of the author. The action of the story is associated with the events of a thousand eight hundred and ninety-fourth year, when fights were restored in the Russian army, or duels, as they called in the past.

At the beginning of the nineteenth century, with all the complexity of the relationship of the authorities and people to the duels, after all there was some kind of knightly meaning, guaranteeing the observance of the norms of noble honor. And even then many fights had a tragic and monstrous outcome. At the end of the nineteenth century, this decision looked an anachronism. The Russian army was already completely different.

And there is another circumstance that needs to mention, speaking of the story "Fight". She was published in nine hundred and fifth year, when, during the Russian-Japanese war, the Russian army suffered one defeat after another.

It acted demoralizing to society. And in this context, the work "duel" caused a fierce controversy in the press. Almost all the works of Kupper caused a whole flurry of responses from both readers and critics. For example, the story "pit", related to the later period of the author's creativity. She not only became famous, but also shocked by many contemporaries Alexander Ivanovich.

Later Creativity of Popular Prosaika

The work of the junk "Pomegranate bracelet" is a bright story about clean love. About how a simple serve man on the surname of yolks loved the princess faith Nikolaevna, who was completely unattainable for him. He could not claim to be married or any other relationship with her.

However, after his death, faith understands that the real, genuine feeling that did not disappear in debauchery and not dissolved in those terrible faults, which separate people from each other, in social obstacles that do not allow different circles of society to communicate with each other in marriage. This bright story and many other works of Kupper read today with unrelenting attention.

Creativity Prosaika dedicated to children

Alexander Ivanovich writes a lot of stories for children. And these works Kupper - another side of the author's talent, and they also need to mention. Most stories he devoted to animals. For example, "Emerald", or the well-known piece of the knocked "Elephant". Children's story Alexander Ivanovich is a wonderful, important part of his heritage.

And today it is safe to say that the Great Russian Prose Alexander Kubrin took a worthy place in the history of Russian literature. His creations are not just studied and read, they are loved by many readers and cause huge delight and reverence.