The role of literature in the spiritual life of Russian society. The meaning of spiritual literature in a person's life

Topic: literature and its role in human spiritual life.

Purpose:to deepen the presentation of students about literature as the art of the word, about her role in the spiritual life of a person.

During the classes.

I.. Exchange of views on personal reader's experience.

1. What books read in the summer interested you?

3. How are knowledge, skills and skills obtained in the literature lessons in previous years, helped you read and understand books?

4. What literary, encyclopedic, linguistic dictionaries and directories are in your home library? Which ones would you recommend your classmates?

II.. Reading the introductory article "Word to ninth-graders" (p. 3).

Conversation under the article.

How do you understand the expression "Basic Base Education"?

Why exactly in the class 9 is included, at least in passages, the most significant works of Russian literature?

Why does the mastering of this program requires independent of independence, initiatives and creativity?

What reading will need studied works? Are you ready for this reading?

III. Overview of class 9 literature review.

The main task course of the literature of grade 9 is to acquaint the richness of Russian literature, with an infinite variety of its forms. We overlines the page of the textbook to get acquainted with the components of our course.

Pa board opens first page of the cable calendar With a colorful inscription: " Old Russian literature»

The time of the emergence of the ancient Russian literature scientists tend to consider the end of the X century. And grade 9 we start with acquaintance with ancient creation, preserved and understood the living charm of the artistic, created at the end of the XII century.

The fate of the ancient Russian poem "Word about Igor's regiment" is unique. The poem entails people with irrepressible force as a mysterious magnet.

Looking into this creation, you will know what valor and courage, courage and loyalty ... for a long time after reading before the eyes there will be a mirage of the survivors, but such a close one. You will see a beless south steppe, in which, like blooming wild poppies, alee military shields, bloody dawns get up, bent the blue lightning in heaven, the wind swells the shzyt shzyny. You will hear how the carts will creak in the night, how the alarmed foxes do not shine, how the nightingale closure is ringing, crossing, swords, how the horse's top is heard, as funeral crying sounds and how the hussley sounds glory to the soldiers returning from the campaign.

"The word ..." - a precious pearl, mined from the depths of time, spurned by centuries, the mysterious brillia of which has a magical property to attract eyes and hearts. Igor's song will read and after many years children of your children, grandchildren of your grandchildren.

The second page of the "Calendar" opens: "LiteratureXVIII century. Classicism. Sentimentalism "(record in the notebook).

Live example of fate talented people In the conditions of an autocratic arbitrariness, the fate of M. V. Lomonosov - Russian reformer literary language and the poems, a great scientist, poet and the artist, about whom Pushkin wrote: "Connecting an extraordinary power of will with an extraordinarily powerful condition, Lomonosov hugged all the sectors of the Enlightenment. Opening "True sources of our poetic language", Lomonosov pointed out the only the right way His development is the path of rapprochement of the literary language with the language of people. "

A. S. Griboedov and A. S. Pushkin, M. Yu. Lermontov and N. V. Gogol, F. I. Tyutchev and A. A, Fet, A. N. Ostrovsky and F. M. Dostoevsky, N. A. Nekrasov and L. N. Tolstoy, A. P. Chekhov. What amazing meetings and discoveries are waiting for us!

Teacher (opens the lattercMPA.nICy. - "LiteratureXX century ").

XX century - century of military and revolutionary shocks - a powerful and multifaceted reflection life situations In poetry, prose, drama, journalism.

There is a "roll call" and names.

Until 1917, Russian literature was united. In the poetry of this time, A. Blok, N. Gumilev, A. Akhmatova, O. Mandelstam, M. Tsvetaeva, B. Pasternak, S. Yesenin, in Prose - I. Bunin, M. Gorky, L. Andreev.

After 1917, part of the writers emigrated from Russia, and Russian literature was divided into two branches developing in parallel. Among the writers of Russian abroad -y. Bunin, I. Shmelev, B. Zaitsev, V. Nabokov, V. Khodasevich, G. Adamovich, etc.

IN soviet literature 20 years. dominated the topic Civil WarSince the 1930s, the artistic understanding of the events accomplished in the country began - in the works of M. Gorky, M. Sholokhov, N. Ostrovsky, A. Makarenko, A. Tedovsky.

Since 1941, the theme of the Great becomes a comprehensive Patriotic War.

In the literature of the 50-70s. There are a rethinking of many events of the war, the contradictions of the coming peaceful life are reflected.

Tragic fate Prisoners of Stalin Camps caused a book by A. Solzhenitsyn "Archipelago Gulag", stories V. Shalamov and many other works.

IV. The final word of the teacher.

Only certain milestones of a large, tragic, controversial history of the newest Russian literature of the 20th century are marked here, the skothers have to get acquainted, not all the writers who have played a significant role in this literature are named. You will learn about it later , in the meantime, I wish you no comparable happiness of the recognition of the literary work, when you begin to understand what they were given open to each turn of the plot, for any metaphor, a humane hinch.

Homework: reading "Words about the regiment of Igor"; Retelling Article "Old Russian literature", p. 4-6.

§ 1 The role of art in the history of mankind

From ancient times, art plays a leading role in the formation of a human worldview. Music, painting, sculpture, architecture have always affected the consciousness of people, formed the system moral values man.

Artistic literature - one of the arts of art, the art of the word. IN literary works via artistic word You can display events of the past and present, items, phenomena that accompany us throughout life. With the help of literature, we not only know the worldBut we are trying to figure out our own actions.

§ 2 The role of a book in world culture

The largest thinkers public figures, Writers around the world many times noted the outstanding role of the book in the development of mankind.

The book is the foundation of the spiritual culture of the people. It is in the process of reading that a great sacrament of the admission of a person is happening to new ideas, thoughts, artistic images. From here - great value The process denoted by the wide and capable word "reading".

So, the role of a book as a variety of art is great: it forms human thinking, transfers the accumulated experience.

§ 3 Process of creating a book

At first, the book existed as a carrier of the word, she was a carrier of hidden knowledge, and the introduction to it was possible by a long-term initiation. The process of writing a book for a long time was an unusually difficult, sacred sacrament. So, the chronicler proceded to the records only after a long post and prayers, believing that the angel himself drives his hand. Only to the XVII century, written text becomes the usual and affordable simple people ..

Consequently, the process of creating books reflected careful attitude to a written word.

§ 4 The role of Russian literature in the history of the country

Our people created highly artistic literature. Names A.S. Pushkin, M.Yu.Lermontova, L.N. Tolstoy, A.P.hehhova, F.M.Dostoevsky are known all over the world. Our literature not only presented the history of the people, his struggle for freedom, for happy life, but also reflected deep, painful spiritual search of people different epochs. Public reality is honestly displayed in Russian literature: various periods of life of the whole people, the desire and hope of people. Russian writers and poets instill interest in their history, love for native land, To your ancestors, to your neighbor and fraternal peoples ... Literature helps and supports a person in difficult moments of life path.

D.S. Likhachev so wrote about our literature: "Russian literature ... There has always been a conscience of the people. Her place B. public Life Countries have always been honorable and influential. She brought up people and sought to the fair reorganization of life. "

In conclusion, it can be said that fiction is based on humanistic views and beliefs, approves non-permanent and eternal universal values. This is exactly what it is close, very necessary and simply necessary for humanity, which reflected in his poem "word" Russian writer Ivan Bunin:

Silent tombs, mummies and bones, -

Only the word life is given:

From the ancient darkness, on the world grade,

Sound only letters.

And we have no other tenor!

Defeat Berecher

At least to the measure of the forces, in the days of the evil and suffering,

Our gift is immortal - speech.

Used images:

Reading is an important part human life. This is an easy way to keep the clarity of the mind on long years. A person familiar with a large number of literature of various genres has a broader outlook, develops his brain. Often schoolchildren get homework - Write an essay in which the arguments in favor of this occupation.

Objectives of writings

Why do teachers of the Russian language include the task of this kind in homework for students? In the process of writing to each thesis, the schoolboy must lead weighty arguments. The role of literature in a person's life is an extensive topic that allows you to once again refresh in memory those evidence that confirm the importance of reading in modern life. People XXI A century is much easier to come home, sit down at a computer or TV, rather than start reading the book.

Everyone understands that such a relationship contributes to mental degradation. However, for some reason, many other classes prefer books. A schoolboy can try to write an essay that will be called upon to convince the reader in the importance of the role of literature in a person's life. Arguments that the student will use, he can take from the most different sources: everyday life, Cases with long-standing familiar, your own experience. The main thing is that one or another idea should be proved or explained. And of course, do not forget about such important momentslike spelling, punctuation, as well as writing style.

Understand yourself

Reading various literature, watching the story of books developing, people will begin to reflect on serious matters of our existence. After all, it was precisely for this purpose that great works were written - they help the reader to focus on a certain problem with which a person may face. Watching the characters that read learns to identify and in every way to predict their actions in everyday life.

It often happens that the writer himself survived certain difficulties at some stage of his life and decided to transfer his experience to subsequent generations through novel, play, novels or stories. No less important and role of poetry - reading the poem, a person can penetrate the mood of the poet, his worldview in certain moment time. And sometimes poetry carries and healing power. For example, reading a poem about difficult times, a person feels that he is not one in his problems that people once come across such difficulties before him.

The role of literature in a person's life: arguments

So why is it so important in our time to remember the importance of reading? Many will like this thesis: reading books can remove stress. It translates the reader to another world, where he can distract from everyday problems, to plunge for a while in new atmosphere. Today is very a large number of People suffer from constant stress. And this plus reading will be assessed by those who are already tired every day think about endless problems.

Psychological pluses

Interesting and another argument for the role fiction In human life. Scientists have proven that we are older when our brain ages. That is why reading is able to even slow down a bit and "postpone old age." After all, devoting the time of literature, a person is forced to think, to make conclusion, to understand the meaning of what is described in the book. And the additional load on the brain favorably affects the functioning of the entire body.

Arguments for the problem "The role of literature in a person's life" do not end. Scientists have established that reading can contribute good sleep. If a person regularly reads a book for the night, soon his brain will perceive this occupation as a signal - it's time to sleep soon. Due to reading, so people can feel the next morning.

Cons reading

However, when describing the role of literature in a person's life, the arguments should not necessarily prove its benefit. The schoolboy can adhere to the opposite opinion. For example, it can be designated that too fond of reading can be ignored by this lesson real life. For tons of literature, in this case, the usual fear of reality is worth. Of course, a person always recognizes something new from books. But it is impossible to know everything with the help of literature. Most Experience people are obtained by interacting with reality. Here you need to comply with the principle - "everything must be in moderation."

The role of the teacher

Great and role of teacher literature in a person's life. Arguments here, most likely, every student will give out of their own experience. After all, the literature teacher is the one who introduces the class with the works of great classics, helps better understand the meaning who wanted to convey the descendants writers and poets through their creations. In a sense, a literature teacher is the first psychotherapist, with whom a person faces in his life. After all, it is he who introduces schoolchildren into the world of people and the variety of relations between them.

The attitude to the classics largely depends on cultural level societies, aesthetic consciousness and material status. What is the role of classical children's literature in education and education young generation on the modern stage Life of our country?

Why do we need classical literature?

The person first faces the classics in childhoodWhen parents read him out loud of Pushkin's fairy tales, Andersen, the presentation of Robinson's adventures, Gullivier. The first acquaintance is the most important thing. The fact that a person learns in childhood will remain with him forever and becomes the basis for his erudition. When a child begins to read himself, he first takes the books that cultivated in his family. Often it turns out to be a classic. 20 years ago Children with ropes read Duma, Conan Doyle, Stevenson. Today, television and computer replaced them with this pleasure and crowded classical literature.

In addition, one important condition is needed to read the classics - you need to be able to enjoy it. We must be able to dive into calm and measured narration, you must have patience when reading too long Descriptions, you need to be able to enjoy the language of old masters. And you have to have time to throw out all the everyday problems from my head, completely surrender to the book, which watches the watch spent on it. Classic literature It helps to feel the era in which they were written, give a clear picture of the present. Each of these books assumes many interpretations. Each hides a special mysterious world.

It will not be superfluous to say about this advantage of classics, as its ability to form a self-consciousness in humans, the ability of a deeper understanding of social reality, psychology of people, finally, the ability to master the skills of competent Russian speech subject to lately Linguistic Americanization.

The role of classical literature in the education of children

It is not by chance that the progressive figures of the past considered the story of the best educator. Reading the books of classics, children get acquainted with the past of our homeland, with life and life of distant ancestors, with history and geography of the country. Thus, the classic contributes to enrichment and accumulation historical memory. As a result, children begin to realize themselves with successors of all the cases created on earth and continues responsible for the fate of the planet. From the works of classics young reader absorbs humanistic and progressive ideas of the past, sees the eternal struggle labor people per best life. Running from the newly read pages about the past, excited by the story of hopeless need and grief, he sympathizes his peers with his tender heart and at the same time involuntarily compares their position with his life. Classics recreated rich inner world A person created images of heroes that differ in moral purity, conscientious, the ability to sympathize with others in trouble.

Classic literature today

Classical literature in the face of Tolstova, Griboedov, Dostoevsky, Dickens, Chekhov, who looked around the minds and the imagination of people who left no one indifferent, gave way to his honorable place on book shelves Shop modern "one-day" literature. Under the latter, I understand rather not literature in a traditional understanding, but some "commercial projects", the meaning of which, as they speak in the people, "kill time." While the classical literature makes thinking and thinking, perceive and evaluate, finally, she brings up and provides spiritual growth man. According to the results of a recent survey of the WTCIOM conducted on the eve of the 210th anniversary of the birth of the great Russian poet A.S. Pushkin, 62% of Russians after the end of the school of Russian classics never reread. Those who, after all, read the classics, most often appealed to A.S. Pushkin (14%), L.N. Tolstoy (11%) and N.V. Gogol (9%). Only 59% of Russians were able to correctly indicate the author " Copper rider", And only 21% of the author" Poltava ".

The term "spiritual literature" has several interpretations. First, it can be a number of books designed to encourage a person to reflections on the meaning of life. And in a narrower understanding - these are the works of the saints of devotees in which they describe their life Path. Let's figure out what books can be considered spiritual.

Spiritual and moral literature: Definition and its task

The main criterion of spiritual literature can be considered its compliance with the Evangelical Spirit. This means that all books of such subjects must first of all reflect the essence of biblical principles. Spiritual literature raises the eternal problem of being, gives an answer to many philosophical and religious issues, and also develops mathematical qualities In the character of your reader. Among other things, such a story very often describes the life of holy people, the prophets and always preaches the basis of one or another religion. If we talk simple language, the spiritual books are food for our soul.

The main task of spiritual books is to awaken in man soul quality, develop and finally make a person to fulfill religious laws. After all, in almost every religion there is a set of covenants, which should follow a believer.

Features of moral literature

Perhaps, a distinctive feature The spiritual literature can be called the religious inclination of its books in which philosophical questions are raised. Spiritual literature, as a rule, appears more in that is, the lyrics are practically absent. This genre includes parables, various historical chronicles, descriptions of the life of holy prophets, sermons and works dedicated to the device morbon world And what fate awaits every person after death.

The books of spiritual literature can be conditionally divided into several groups:

• canonical literature (sacred books, bible, quran, etc.);
• liturgical (psalter, word, etc.);
• theological literature (theological treatises);
• educational religious (Orthodox sensible prayer);
• religious and journalistic (sermons of the saints of fathers, educating elders, etc.);
• religious and popular (stories, stories and even fairy tales with instructive meaning).

Recently all appears large quantity Books dedicated to raising children. Such literature gives advice and instructing to parents on how to correctly raise children, in which environment to bring them up so that they rose good people.

Most popular books on spiritual topics

In addition to religious spiritual books, spiritual literature is presented in others. genre compositions. These books not only have a look at many things, but also introduce the reader with such virtues, like love, kindness,

Spiritual and fiction - this is the way that the works of great Russian writers can be identified, in which through the main characters and their author conveys unshakable Christian values. There are a number of works of Russian classics, which each person must read, regardless of their religious beliefs. Here are the most famous: "War and Peace" L. N. Tolstoy, many stories A. P. Chekhov, "Master and Margarita" M. A. Bulgakova, from foreign literature - The novels of Ernest Hamingway ("The Kom calls", "old man and the sea"), as well as Dante (" The Divine Comedy"), Erich Maria Remark and others.

Despite the fact that these works do not have a religious context, they still affect the most important questions Genesis: What is the meaning of life and what happens to the soul of a man after death?

The role of spiritual literature in the life of a modern person

It's no secret that in our time people as never before finding free time For something, and especially for reading books. Maybe it is because of the fact that it reads little or does not at all open the books of spiritual literature, people in the world become more selfish - everyone tries to gain their own benefit, forgetting about others.

However, it can be safely argued that spiritual literature plays a huge role in the life of any person. Thanks to the reading of spiritual books, internal mental qualities are developing, the best features of a person are awakened, such as, for example, kindness, mercy and love. After all, spiritual books are preached by the Gospel Covenants, and the main law of the Bible is considered to be about love for neighbor. "Love your neighbor, like yourself," is the main commandment on which the entire law and prophets are approved.

So, it turns out that it is such literature that is capable of thinking about the meaning of life. as well as in education moral values And the formation of the correct worldview of the spiritual books perform the most important functions.