The image of petr grinev from the work of the captain's daughter. Pyotr Andreevich Grinev, the main character of the story

Take care of honor from a young age ...

A. S. Pushkin

One of my favorite works of Russian classical literature is the story "The Captain's Daughter" by Alexander Pushkin. The writing of the story was preceded by many years of work by the author, who studied the history of the popular uprising led by Yemelyan Pugachev, listened to the songs and stories of his contemporaries. It turned out to be a wonderful piece of art, the protagonist of which is Pyotr Andreevich Grinev.

At the beginning of the story, this is an ignoramus, chasing pigeons with the courtyard boys, carefree living in the family of a landowner. Petrushenka was spoiled, did not seriously study science, but dreamed of serving in St. Petersburg. Contrary to his wishes, the father sends the young man not to the city on the Neva, but to the distant Orenburg province. The father, who served the Fatherland with faith and truth, wanted to see his son as a real man, and not a burner of life. Before leaving, Pyotr Grinev hears a parting word from his parent "to preserve honor from a young age."

Further events, described by A.S. Pushkin, are serious life trials that shape the personality of the hero. He shows nobility and gratitude at the inn, generously rewarding the guide for his salvation in the blizzard steppe. Honor and dignity do not allow Pyotr Andreevich not to pay for the loss with Zurin. In the Belogorsk fortress, having met the family of Captain Mironov, Pyotr Andreevich became a welcome guest in the commandant's house, showing intelligence, respect and correctness. Falling in love with Masha Mironova, the young man goes to a duel with Shvarin, who defamed the name of his beloved. In a peaceful, distant fortress, we see how the hero changes, how he shows the best human qualities and wins our respect.

The peasant war led by Yemelyan Pugachev dramatically changed the lives of all participants in the events and put the young officer before a moral choice. When I read episodes of the story describing the behavior of the garrison after the fall of the Belogorsk fortress, I sincerely admired Grinev's courage and his decision not to swear allegiance to the impostor. He knew perfectly well that the gallows awaited him. But he could not betray the empress and intended to remain faithful to his military duty to the end. A hare's sheepskin coat, served to the guide at the inn, saved the life of a young officer. Pugachev did not execute him because he found out.

And from that moment on, a special relationship between Pugachev and Grinev begins. I think that the hero's moral qualities: courage, loyalty to military duty, decency, honesty - made it possible to win respect in the eyes of Yemelyan Pugachev himself. The fugitive Cossack and the Russian officer, of course, could not become friends, but good relations arose between them. Pugachev, at the request of Peter Andreevich, saves Masha from Shvabrin and releases her. The hero is grateful to him for this, but refuses to swear allegiance. I am sure honesty, uncompromising, sincerity of the officer and bribed the impostor.

Having passed all the tests, risking his life, Pyotr Grinev did not stain his honor like Alexei Shvabrin. For that, I deeply respect him. He fulfilled his father's instructions and became a real Russian officer. In the story, A.S. Pushkin showed us how the personality of a young officer was formed, how his character was tempered, his views on life changed. Grinev, making mistakes, gained invaluable experience, which allowed him to become brave and courageous, capable of protecting both his homeland and his beloved. The author is proud of his hero and rewards him with personal happiness with Masha Mironova. It seems interesting to me that the story of the events comes on behalf of the aged Pyotr Andreevich, who leaves notes to his descendants. The notes contain the thought expressed decades ago by his father: "Take care of honor from a young age!"

I consider the story "The Captain's Daughter" by Alexander Pushkin to be one of the works that are important and necessary for today's youth. We can find answers to many life questions in it. And the most important thing is to remember that honor must be protected from a young age!

), Pyotr Andreevich Grinev is a young officer who got to his place of service in the midst of a riot and accidentally ran into Pugachev himself.

Grinev himself says that he "lived undersized" until he was sixteen years old. But it is clear that by nature he was not stupid and gifted with outstanding abilities, because in the Belogorsk fortress, having no other entertainment, he took up reading, practicing French translations and sometimes writing poetry. “A desire for literature has awakened in me,” he writes. - Aleksandr Petrovich Sumarokov several years later praised his literary experiments very much.

Here is everything we know about the education of Pyotr Andreevich Grinev; now let's talk about his upbringing. The concepts of upbringing and education are often combined into one whole, while, in essence, these are two different areas, and sometimes the question even arises: which is more important for a person - education or upbringing? In this case, it was precisely the upbringing given to Grinev by his parents, instilled in him from childhood with words, instruction, and most importantly by example, that made him a person, created solid foundations that showed him a direct and correct path in life.

What example did he see in his parents' house? We can judge this by the individual words scattered throughout the story. We learn that Grinev's parents were honest, deeply decent people: his father, adhering to strict rules himself, did not allow drunken and frivolous behavior in his house, among his servants and subordinates. The best evidence of his principles of instruction, which he gives to his son: “Serve faithfully, to whom you swear allegiance; obey your superiors; do not chase after their affection; do not ask for service; do not excuse yourself from the service; and remember the proverb: take care of your dress again, and honor from your youth. "

A.S. Pushkin. Captain's daughter. Audiobook

The main thing in these instructions is loyalty to the oath. We see the importance that Grinev-father attached to her because of his terrible grief, when he learned about the accusation against his son of treason to the empress, of participation in Pugachev's rebellion. It is not the son's exile to Siberia for an eternal settlement, which the empress "out of respect for the merits of her father" replaced the execution that threatened him, plunges the old man into despair, but the fact that his son is a traitor. “My son took part in Pugachev’s plans! Righteous God, to what I have lived! " he exclaims: “The Empress is delivering him from execution! Does this make it easier for me? Execution is not terrible: my ancestor died in the place of execution, defending that revered the shrine of his conscience "..." But the nobleman should change his oath "..." Shame and disgrace to our family! " - In fact, Pyotr Andreevich Grinev, as we know, never betrayed his oath; the instructions given to him by his father before leaving were evidently deeply sunk into his soul; in all the difficult and dangerous moments of his life, he never betrayed the requirements of duty and honor.

For a short time, described in the story (about two years), we see how a boy who "lived undersized", chasing pigeons, making a kite from a geographical map, under the influence of extraordinary events and strong experiences, turns into an adult, decent and honest ... At the beginning of the story, his behavior is still purely boyish: playing billiards with Zurin, innocent lies to the general when explaining the expression "iron grip", etc .; but love for Marya Ivanovna, and most importantly the terrible incidents of the Pugachev rebellion, contribute to the fact that he quickly matures. He tells everything that happened to him completely sincerely; does not hide the fact that sometimes he did stupid things - but his personality appears all the more clearly before us.

Grinev is not stupid and very likable. The main traits of his character: simplicity (he is never drawn), directness and innate nobility in all actions; when Pugachev, because of the intervention of Savelyich, pardoned him, when he was by a hair's breadth from death, he can not kiss the hand of the robber who pardoned him: "I would prefer the most cruel execution to such humiliation." To kiss the hand of Pugachev, who gave him life, would not be a betrayal of the oath, but it was contrary to his innate sense of nobility. At the same time, the feeling of gratitude to Pugachev, who saved his life, saved Marya Ivanovna from Shvabrin, never leaves him.

With great masculinity in all of Grinev's actions, sincerity and kindness shine through in his relationship to people. In difficult moments of his life, his soul turns to God: he prays, preparing for death, before the gallows, "bringing God sincere repentance for all sins, and praying to Him for the salvation of all those close to him." At the end of the story, when he, innocent of anything, unexpectedly ended up in prison, chained, he "resorted to the consolation of all the mourners and, having tasted for the first time the sweetness of prayer, poured out of a pure but torn heart, he fell asleep calmly", not caring that will be with him.

"Captain's daughter". Pyotr Grinev is a young man of seventeen who, from an early age, was enrolled in the Semyonovsky Life Guards Regiment, which predetermined the hero's life path. An undersized person - that is, a young nobleman who does not have the necessary education, confirmed by an appropriate written certificate from a teacher. Such young men could not enter the civil service or receive documents confirming the right to marry.

Plot and biography

The story is told on behalf of the aged Grinev. The hero retells the turbulent events of the past for his own descendants.

Childhood and adolescence of the hero passed in the Simbirsk province in the estate of his parents. Peter's father is a retired officer, a man of strict disposition. When his son was sixteen, he assigned him to the army. Young Peter, according to his father, ran around the girls and climbed the dovecotes, that is, he spent his life in idleness, was not assigned to the case and did not receive a systematic education.

Going to his place of service, Grinev falls into a blizzard on the way and meets an unknown fugitive Cossack in the steppe, who leads the hero and his old servant Savelich to the inn. In gratitude for the service rendered, the young officer gives the Cossack a hare sheepskin coat. Subsequently, it turns out that this Cossack is the leader of the Peasant War. Grinev's dream, described in the second chapter of the story, is of great importance here. In this dream, Grinev sees the role of Pugachev in his own destiny.

The place where the hero is going to serve is the border Belogorsk fortress. Arriving at the service, the hero sees Masha, the daughter of the commandant of the fortress captain Ivan Mironov, and falls in love with her. Among Peter's colleagues there is another officer who has a love interest in Masha - Alexey Shvabrin. This man challenges the hero to a duel and wounds. Grinev's father learns about the duel and the reasons that provoked it. However, Masha does not have a dowry, and Peter's father clearly demonstrates his attitude to this fact, refusing to approve of his son's marriage.

The situation is aggravated when Masha's parents are killed during the Pugachev uprising. In the fortresses captured by Pugachev's troops, nobles are executed, and the Mironovs become victims of this wave. Masha remains an orphan. When young officers are given a choice - to go over to the side of the rebels or to die, the duelist Shvabrin takes the oath to Pugachev, and Grinev refuses to do so. The hero should be executed, but the situation is saved by an old servant who turns to Pugachev, and the leader of the uprising recognizes in Grinev a young man whom he crossed paths with in winter. This saves the hero's life.

Grinev is not imbued with gratitude to Pugachev, who pardoned him, refuses to join the rebel army and leaves for the besieged city of Orenburg, where he continues to fight against Pugachev. Masha Mironova, meanwhile, is forced to remain due to illness in the Belogorsk fortress, where she is at the mercy of the defector Shvabrin, who is going to marry a girl against her will. Masha writes a letter to Grinev, and the hero leaves the service without permission, in fact deserts to save his beloved. To resolve this situation on the spot, in the Belogorsk fortress, the same Pugachev helps the hero.

Shvabrin denounces Grinev, and the hero again finds himself in a prison, this time a government one. Resolute Masha gets to the very Empress Catherine II and tells her that Grinev was slandered, thus seeking the release of the groom.

By the way, the story "The Captain's Daughter" inspired his contemporaries so much that in 1861 the painter Ivan Midushevsky wrote a picture based on Pushkin's plot (as they would now say, "fanart"), which was called "Presenting a Letter to Catherine II" and depicted the corresponding moment from the text. The painting is in the Tretyakov Gallery in Moscow.

Image and characteristics

The hero is shown in the story as a rather colorless and expressionless person, a personality devoid of bright feelings and colors. Some critics were of the opinion that Pushkin created Grinev in such a way as to "set off" the image and actions of Pugachev, who was depicted in the work as a powerful, colorful figure. At the same time, the actions of the young hero, for all the inexpressiveness of his character, portray him as a person with courage and fidelity to duty.

The hero grew up in a landowner family typical of that time. He was taught the sciences by a Frenchman who posed as a teacher, being in fact a hairdresser. As a result of such training, the hero knew elementary literacy, "could very sensibly judge the properties of a greyhound dog" and could speak a little French. The upbringing of young Peter was carried out by the stern father and servant Savelich, who instilled in the boy the idea of ​​honor and behavior befitting a young nobleman. In such circumstances, the formation of the character of the young Grinev took place.

The hero's father believes that for the formation of a personality, a young man needs to "pull the strap", to sniff gunpowder. To this end, the father sends the hero not to Petersburg, to the guard (which he was looking forward to), but to Orenburg, from where Peter goes to the border Belogorsk fortress - to meet severe trials and unexpected love. The ups and downs of fate and an affair with Masha eventually turn the young frivolous hero into a mature and responsible man.

Screen adaptations

The image of Pyotr Grinev has been embodied on the screen more than once. The last film adaptation of "The Captain's Daughter" was released in 2005. The animated film, directed by Ekaterina Mikhailova, uses dolls.

In 2000, a historical film called "Russian revolt" was released based on this story by Pushkin. The role of Grinev is played here by a Polish actor, and voiced. The film is nominated for the Golden Bear at the Berlin Film Festival.

During the Soviet era (1958), the story was filmed by director Vladimir Kaplunovsky. In this version, Grinev played the role.

"The Captain's Daughter" was also filmed abroad. Two films were released in Italy - La figlia del capitano in 1947 and La tempesta (The Tempest) in 1958. Another tape called "Volga on fire" ("Volga en flammes") was released in France in 1934. It was filmed by the Russian director Viktor Turzhansky, who emigrated to France after the revolution.

Quotes

“I could not help marveling at the strange combination of circumstances: a children's sheepskin coat, presented to a tramp, saved me from the noose, and a drunkard, staggering about inns, besieged fortresses and shook the state!”

“God knows you; but whoever you are, you are joking a dangerous joke. "

"God forbid to see a Russian revolt, senseless and merciless!"

"The best and most lasting changes are those that come from a single improvement in morals, without violent political changes that are terrible for humanity."

"It is our duty to defend the fortress to the last gasp."

The main character of the family and everyday life of the story is Pyotr Andreevich Grinev. The son of a landowner, Grinev received home education according to the custom of that time - first under the guidance of Uncle Savelich, then - the Frenchman Beaupre, by profession of a hairdresser. Grinev's father, domineering to the point of tyranny, but honest, alien to seeking before the higher ranks, wanted to see in his son a real nobleman, as he understood it.

Seeing military service as a duty of a nobleman, the old man Grinev sends his son not to the guard, but to the army, so that he “pulls the strap” and becomes a disciplined soldier. Saying goodbye to Peter, the old man gave him instructions, in which he expressed his understanding of the service: “Serve faithfully to whom you will swear; obey your superiors; do not chase after their affection; do not ask for service, do not excuse yourself from service, and remember the proverb: take care of your dress again, and honor from a young age. "

Pyotr Grinev strives to fulfill his father's behests. During the defense of the Belogorsk fortress, he behaves like a brave officer, honestly doing his duty. Grinev, after a moment's hesitation, responds with a resolute refusal to Pugachev's offer to enter his service. “My head is in your power,” he said to Pugachev: “let me go - thank you; if you execute, God will judge you. " Pugachev liked Grinev's directness and sincerity and endeared him to the magnanimous leader of the rebellious people.

However, debt did not always win in Grinev's soul. His behavior in Orenburg is determined not by the duty of an officer, but by a feeling of love for Masha Mironova. Having violated military discipline, he arbitrarily goes to the Belogorsk fortress to save his girlfriend. And only having freed her, moreover, with the help of Pugachev, he again returned to the army, joining Zurin's detachment.

Pyotr Grinev shares the noble point of view on the peasant uprising. He sees in him "a senseless and merciless rebellion", and in Pugachev - a robber. In the scene, when he demands money from Savelich to pay the loss to Zurin, he behaves like a serf-landowner.

But by nature Grinev is a gentle and kind person. He is just and admits to himself in his frivolity. Feeling guilty before Savelich, he asks him for forgiveness, vows to continue to obey his uncle. Grinev loves Savelich. At the risk of his life, he tries to rescue Savelich when he fell into the hands of the Pugachevites of the Berdskaya Sloboda. Grinev is gullible and poorly versed in people of this type like Shvabrin. Grinev has sincere and deep love for Masha. He is drawn to the simple and good family of the Mironovs.

Despite the noble prejudice against Pugachev, he sees in him an intelligent, courageous, generous person, a defender of the poor and orphans. “Why not tell the truth?” Grinev writes in his notes. “At that moment, strong sympathy drew me to him. I ardently wished ... to save his head ... "

Grinev's image is given in development. His character traits develop and gradually reveal themselves to the reader. His behavior is, in each case, psychologically motivated. Of the representatives of the nobility depicted in the story, he is the only positive person, although in his views and convictions he remains the son of his time and his class.

Pyotr Andreevich Grinev is the central character of the story "The Captain's Daughter". Grinev's whole life is a model of the behavior of a young man who early thought about his mission, honor, dignity, loyalty to his word. The life lessons that the son of Andrei Petrovich received, from the point of view of the modern reader, are very cruel and difficult. In fact, young Grinev was prepared to withstand the test of strength, to confirm the right to be called an officer, a man.

From the first pages of the narrative, the characterization of Peter Grinev is given as a person who is brought up in an atmosphere of severity and increased attention to the reputation of the family. This is the influence of the father. Peter was dearly loved by his mother, as the only surviving son, and this love for a long time protected him from all storms and hardships. Finally, the boy was greatly influenced by Arkhip Savelich, a former aspirant, an expert in oral folk art, well versed in horses and dogs, an intelligent, far-sighted and extremely devoted person to the family. He gave the barchuk freedom, and he grew up "chasing pigeons and playing leapfrog with the courtyard boys."

Thus, the formation of the personality of Peter Grinev took place under the influence of all these factors in aggregate.

To understand the image of the hero, it is necessary to carefully study all the stages of his biography.
There are at least four turning points when Peter had to make a decision, to pass a kind of exam. The first key episode is the loss of the billiard game to Captain Zurov. It is quite possible that the reveler Zurov would have forgiven an unreasonable child who played dangerously. Hoping for this, the good-natured Savelich tearfully begs the young master not to compensate for the damage. But Grinev the man does not need concessions. He commits his first serious act: "The debt must be paid!"

The second key point is the conversation with Shvabrin, from whose lips the insults addressed to the chaste girl were heard. To ignore such an act is not like a man. Grinev stands up for Masha's honor, as a result he receives a severe penetrating injury to the shoulder. The pages describing Grinev recovering from a serious illness are truly touching.

The third important point: rescuing the bride from captivity. No one was going to liberate the Belogorsk fortress, occupied by the rioters, but there are no barriers for Pyotr Grinev. He is in a good way hot and reckless.

Finally, the fourth episode. The person under investigation Grinev is threatened to be sent to an eternal settlement in Siberia if he fails to justify himself. Did you help the rioters? Spying for Pugachev?

Why did you meet with the chieftain of the robbers? Peter refuses to defend himself, because he does not want to denigrate, "rinse" the bride's name. He agrees to go to hard labor, but the daughter of Captain Mironov, who laid down his head for the Fatherland, will remain pure before the people. He will not tolerate gossip.

Self-denial in the name of love, in the name of higher justice, leads the young nobleman along the path of truth and forever takes him away from the crooked path of dishonor and oblivion. No wonder the image of Grinev in the story The Captain's Daughter is considered one of the most expressive in Russian fiction. He is able to excite readers and awaken a kind response in the souls in the 21st century.