The role of art in the life of society, its functions

Art is one of the forms of social consciousness. Art is based on artistic and imaginative reflection of reality. Art cognizes and evaluates the world, forms the spiritual image of people, their feelings and thoughts, their worldview, educates a person, broadens his horizons, awakens creative abilities. Art is basically folk. “Art belongs to the people. It must have its deepest roots in the very thick of the broad working masses. It must be understood by these masses and loved by them. It should unite the feeling, thought and will of these masses, raise them. It should awaken artists in them and develop them, ”said Vladimir Ilyich Lenin, discussing with Klara Zetkin the tasks facing Soviet artists.

The cognitive role of art brings it closer to science. An artist, like a scientist, seeks to understand the meaning of life phenomena, to see in the random, transitory the most characteristic and typical, regularities in the development of reality. Deep knowledge of reality is ultimately associated with the desire to transform and improve it. Man masters the forces of nature, learns the laws of the development of society, in order to change the world in accordance with the needs and goals set by the collective, society.

Unlike science, art expresses truth not in abstract concepts, but in full of life specific images. The typical in life is embodied in works of art, in unique, individually characteristic forms.

The goal of art is to reveal their true essence in the phenomena of life around them, to clearly show in impressive images the most important thing for a person and society. One of the main artistic techniques is a generalization of the image, its typification. It allows you to vividly show the beauty in life, to expose the ugly, evil. In pronouncing its verdict on the ugly sides of life, art calls on to passionately hate them and fight them. Embodying the ideal of beauty, art inspires heroic deeds, to fight in the name of a bright future for humanity. The most important aspect of the aesthetic assessment of reality is the negative, hostile attitude of the progressive artist towards everything reactionary as ugly and the assessment of the progressive as beautiful in its essence.

The active, mobilizing role of art has especially grown in our era - the era of the struggle between two social systems: the socialist and the capitalist. In our country, art is one of the most powerful means of communist education, the struggle against the remnants of capitalism in the minds and feelings of people.
Art cannot be understood outside of its relationship with other phenomena. public life, with other forms of ideology, regardless of the economic foundations of social development.

The art of each era is inextricably linked with national culture and historical conditions, with the class struggle, with the level of the spiritual life of society.

Living in class society, the artist naturally acts as a representative of a certain social class. The reflection of the real world, the selection of certain phenomena of reality for artistic reproduction is determined by his social views, is carried out from the point of view of certain class ideals and aspirations.
In a class society, the impact of reactionary ideas leaves an imprint of limitation on the creativity of artists. The artist's expression of the true interests of the working classes expands his creative horizons and his ability to aesthetic embodiment in the images of art of the progressive aspirations of society as a whole.

The history of art is a complex, contradictory picture of the development of various schools, styles, currents in interaction, struggle. In his work, the artist proceeds not only from direct impressions, observations and study of nature, but also from the experience accumulated by art throughout the history of mankind, from the traditions of national schools, then relying on them, then opposing them with his new understanding of the phenomena of reality.

The level of development of art, its achievement of a high aesthetic value, emphasizes K. Marx, is not in direct correspondence with the growth of productive forces. The progress of the productive forces in an antagonistic society is accompanied by the growth of exploitation, which disfigures man and human relations, fetters the development of the creative abilities of the working masses, and instills illusions in their minds. The emergence and flowering of some types of art are possible only in the early stages of artistic development and are unique in class society in the future.

The progress of art is stronger and more vividly manifested in the humanistic and realistic tendencies and conquests of each era. Realism - artistic method, the most consistent with the cognitive nature of art. But a true reflection of reality cannot be reduced to copying reality. Genuine realism characterizes the desire to embody the typical, natural in life in brightly individual images. The lack of harmonious unity of generalization and individualization of the artistic image leads either to schematism, which deprives the artistic work of the vitality of its persuasiveness, or to the depiction of random, petty aspects of reality. "... Realism presupposes, in addition to the truthfulness of details, a truthful reproduction of typical characters in typical circumstances ... that surround them and force them to act ..."

Realism in art is a historical concept. It acquires a different content and form depending on the specific historical conditions of a given epoch, passing through a number of qualitatively unique stages of its development. These steps are determined both by a change in the very subject of the image - new social relations, a new way of life - and by the embodiment of a new level of social consciousness, by a difference in the nature of ideas about life.

In the early stages social development a true reflection of life in art is formed spontaneously and for the most part is clothed in fantastic mythological forms (art of the ancient world and the Middle Ages). Conscious striving for cognition of the world, its laws, the addition of realism as a programmatically conscious method in art belongs to the Renaissance, when art, like science, freeing itself from the captivity of church scholasticism, takes possession of a truthful display of the image of a person, his worldview and social relations.

Democratic realism of the 19th century develops in a capitalist society. He is finally freed from the connection with mythology, from religious forms of perception of the world, and with the deepening of the method, it acquires a purposeful character. This is fundamentally critical realism, exposing and criticizing the vices of capitalist society, asserting democratic humanistic ideals. Critical realism, with its deliberate ideological program, is the spokesman for a militant democratic culture with its popular national character.

The revolutionary proletariat is building a classless society that ensures the all-round development of the creative abilities of a person freed from all forms of social slavery. After the victory of socialism, socialist realism developed as a leading art, as an integral method and direction. He continues to develop the realistic achievements of previous historical eras, critically reworking everything of value created by mankind. At the same time, socialist realism is a new, highest form of realistic art, the most consistent and complete artistic reflection and assessment of reality in its development and change.

The art of socialist realism truly captures the way of life and vividly embodies the world of ethical and aesthetic feelings, thoughts and ideas of the socialist collective. It educates the people in the spirit of socialism and communism. “Our realism is purely dynamic ... The socialist realist understands reality as development, as a movement proceeding in a continuous struggle of opposites ... He defines himself as an expression of the historical process, on the one hand, and on the other hand, as an active force that determines the course of this process ", - emphasized A. V. Lunacharsky, -" but he (realism) is devoted to the struggle through and through, he is a builder through and through, he is confident in the communist future of mankind, he believes in the strength of the proletariat, its party and its leaders, he understands the great significance of that first main battle and that first act of world socialist construction that is taking place in our country.

In addition to the aesthetic, artistic function, which is specific for art, it also performs non-specific functions. In the variety of emotions experienced by a person when perceiving works of art, one can even single out vital(so, a reaction to a still life depicting appetizing fruits is possible as to real fruits). Of course, this is far from the most important thing in the name of which works of art are created.

Many of our unrealized opportunities compensated when communicating with art (for example, putting ourselves in the place of a character, we live another life, different from ours). There is a kind of compensation for our everyday life. In some types of art (literature, theater, cinema), this relationship is more obvious, in others (architecture, painting, music) - the mechanism of artistic and psychological compensation is more complicated.

Depending on the mastery of the language of art, people receive pleasure from different works. This is hedonistic function. An educated, erudite person is able to receive spiritual pleasure from mastering works of a wider species and genre spectrum, different schools and trends.

Art helps us to have fun and relax, relieve stress, that is, it performs recreational function. In order to fulfill this function, art may not be complex, requiring special intellectual and mental costs. With the task of entertaining a person, distracting him from the everyday, routine course of life, mass art is also capable.

However, the process of perception of art is dialectical. Art not only satisfies human needs, but also actualizes, awakens, shapes them. You can come to the theater to have fun, and leave morally changed. In this case, it is found educational function art, which lies in its ability to enrich, expand and raise the scope of human needs. Art acts as a means of elevation, spiritual and social improvement of a person, it socializes personality, offering her the type of behavior that society needs.

Art can be seen and as a way of communication, in it, the connection between a person and society is fixed, thanks to art, a person can be transferred to other eras and countries. If we consider the historical life of artistic culture, that is, existence in time, then its main functions are to ensure the preservation of artistic values, transfer them from generation to generation (function broadcasts), since the historical variability of social life requires actualization, inclusion in the spiritual life of each new era.

The cognitive function of art V.G.Belinsky noted that the truth was revealed to mankind for the first time in art, and the German philosopher F. Schelling considered art to be the highest form of cognition. Art comes alive in front of us historical events and people of other eras and countries, we get to know the lifestyles of other nations, we get a lot of impressions that cannot be obtained from studying archival documents.

Great works of art, say, works of painting, after their creation, exist not only and not so much in museums as in the spiritual world of mankind. For example, Our Lady of Vladimir, a 12th century Byzantine icon in the collection of the State Tretyakov Gallery, is not only a priceless original (board, gesso, tempera painting), but also lives an independent life, becoming a fact of public consciousness. Once the created artistic image is filled with new and new meaning, it undergoes numerous evolutions associated with historical changes in the spiritual world of people.

Raising a person, helping him to comprehend spiritual values, art is able to form social ideals, social roles of an individual, that is, it performs social and ideological functions. The ability to appeal to the social needs of a person at all times made art a weapon of the most acute ideological struggle, in the storms of which some works burned at the stake, while others became the banner leading thousands of people into battle.

However, the function of cognition can be carried out by science, the recreational function - by physical culture, for example. Satisfying the human need for beauty is also not a monopoly of art. What is the function of art exclusively?

Art is able to influence the emotional sphere of a person, this is his emotive function. A work of art should arouse interest in a person, give pleasure from its perception, be it reading, viewing or contemplation. It is able to move us into the world of fiction, make us empathize, sympathize with the characters, the lyrical hero, try on the state of mind captured in it. Moreover, the emotive function, unlike all of the above, is inherent in all works of art, regardless of their species or genre.

However, it is not only works of art that can evoke emotions. In order to understand the specifics of art, it is necessary to pay attention to the fact how it excites emotions. Unlike real life circumstances to which we emotionally react, a work of art is an artificially created source of emotion. In order for a person to experience emotions in the process of mastering a work of art, it is necessary to influence his imagination, to include a person in an event. This is accomplished, as already noted, by creating an artistic image.

Work description

Art is one of the forms of social consciousness. Art is based on artistic and figurative reflection of reality. Art cognizes and evaluates the world, forms the spiritual image of people, their feelings and thoughts, their worldview, educates a person, broadens his horizons, awakens creative abilities. Art is basically folk. “Art belongs to the people. It must have its deepest roots in the very thick of the broad working masses. It must be understood by these masses and loved by them. It should unite the feeling, thought and will of these masses, raise them. It should awaken artists in them and develop them, ”said Vladimir Ilyich Lenin, discussing with Klara Zetkin the tasks facing Soviet artists.

Introduction

The word "art" originally denoted any skill of a higher and special kind ("the art of thinking", "the art of waging war"). In the generally accepted sense, it denotes mastery in aesthetic terms, and the works created thanks to it are works of art that differ, on the one hand, from the creations of nature, on the other, from the works of science, crafts, technology. Moreover, the boundaries between these areas of human activity are very vague, since the forces of art also participate in the greatest achievements in these areas. Real and spiritual sources of art, i.e. artistic creation, are seen in various phenomena: fantasy (romanticism), the manifold desire for change (Schiller), the desire for imitation (Aristotle, modern naturalism), the desire for symbolic representation (German idealism, expressionism) and in many other things. But these are all figurative definitions of art. Philosophy gives the following definition. Art is special form social consciousness and spiritual activity, the specificity of which is the reflection of reality through artistic images. In practical activity, aesthetic ideas are formed and developed in people, in which the phenomena of reality are reflected as beautiful and ugly, tragic and comic, i.e. aesthetically. In the process of artistic creation, the aesthetic ideas of artists are consolidated, "reified" by various material means (paints, sounds, words, etc.) and appear as works of art. Aesthetic representations of people, fixed by artistic means in a work of art, are called artistic images.

The place and role of art in society

The specificity of art as a form of artistic knowledge lies in the fact that, firstly, it is figurative and visual. The subject of art - the life of people - is extremely diverse and is reflected in art in all its diversity in the form of artistic images. The latter, being the result of fiction, nevertheless are a reflection of reality and always bear the imprint of really existing objects, events and phenomena. An artistic image performs the same functions in art as a concept in science: with the help of it, the process of artistic generalization takes place, the selection of essential features of cognizable objects. The created images constitute the cultural heritage of society and are able, becoming symbols of their time, to have a serious impact on public consciousness.

The question is what role does art play in human life, is as ancient as the first attempts at its theoretical comprehension. True, as L.N. Stolovich notes, at the very dawn of aesthetic thought, sometimes expressed in mythological form, in fact, there was no question at all. After all, our distant ancestor was sure that to pierce the image of a bison with a real or drawn arrow means to ensure a successful hunt, to perform a warlike dance means for sure to defeat our enemies. The question is, what doubts could there be in the practical effectiveness of art if it was organically interwoven into the practical life of people, it was inseparable from the craft that created the world of objects and things necessary for the existence of people, was associated with magical rites, thanks to which people sought to influence the environment their reality?

Is it any wonder their belief that Orpheus, who ancient greek mythology credits the invention of music and versification, could with his singing bend tree branches, move stones and tame wild animals.

The world of artistic images, according to the conviction of ancient thinkers and artists, "imitating" life, became an integral part true life person. Euripides, for example, wrote:

No, I will not leave, Muses, your altar ...

There is no true life without art ...

But how does the wonderful world of art affect a person?

Already ancient aesthetics tried to give answers to this question, but they were not unambiguous. Plato, who recognized only such works of art that strengthen moral foundations aristocratic state, emphasized the unity of the aesthetic effectiveness of art and its moral significance.

On the "imitation" of reality, according to Aristotle, art is based on the ability of art to exert a moral and aesthetic impact on a person, forming the very nature of his feelings: the same feelings and when faced with reality. The history of artistic culture has captured many cases when the perception of art served as a direct impetus for performing certain actions, for changing the way of life. Thus, the origins of art are in reality, but a work of art is a special world that presupposes a perception that is different from the perception of reality.

If the viewer, taking art for reality, tries to establish justice by physically killing the actor playing the villain, shooting at the movie screen or throwing himself at the picture with a knife, threatening the novelist, worrying about the fate of the hero of the novel, then all these are obvious symptoms or mental pathology in general. or at least the pathology of artistic perception.

Art acts not on any one human ability and strength, be it emotion or intellect, but on a person as a whole. It forms, sometimes unconsciously, unconsciously, the very system of human attitudes, the action of which will manifest itself sooner or later and often unpredictably, and does not simply pursue the goal of prompting a person to a particular action. The power of art lies in appealing to the human conscience, awakening his spiritual abilities. Art does not become obsolete. In the book of the academician philosopher I.T. Frolov's "Perspectives of Man" contains arguments about why art does not become obsolete. So, in particular, he notes: “The reason for this is the unique originality of works of art, their deeply individualized character, which is ultimately conditioned by the constant appeal to man. The unique unity of man and the world in a work of art, "human reality" cognized by him, deeply distinguish art from science not only in the means used, but also in its very object, always correlated with the personality of the artist, his subjective perception of the world, while science tends to come out beyond these limits, aspires to the "superhuman", guided by the principle of objectivity. Therefore, science also strives for a strict unambiguity of the perception of knowledge by a person, it finds the appropriate means for this, its own language, while works of art do not have such unambiguity. art function spiritual social

Art is one of the forms of social consciousness. Art is based on artistic and figurative reflection of reality. Art cognizes and evaluates the world, forms the spiritual image of people, their feelings and thoughts, their worldview, educates a person, broadens his horizons, awakens creative abilities. Art is basically folk. “Art belongs to the people. It must have its deepest roots in the very thick of the broad masses. It must be understood by these masses and loved by them. It should unite the feeling, thought and will of these masses, raise them. It should awaken the artists in them and develop them. "
The cognitive role of art brings it closer to science. An artist, like a scientist, seeks to understand the meaning of life phenomena, to see in the random, transitory the most characteristic and typical, regularities in the development of reality. Deep knowledge of reality is ultimately associated with the desire to transform and improve it. Man masters the forces of nature, learns the laws of the development of society, in order to change the world in accordance with the needs and goals set by the collective, society.
Unlike science, art expresses truth not in abstract concepts, but in concrete images full of life. The typical in life is embodied in works of art, in unique, individually characteristic forms.
The goal of art is to reveal their true essence in the phenomena of life around them, to clearly show in impressive images the most important thing for a person and society. One of the main artistic techniques is the generalization of the image, its typification. It allows you to vividly show the beauty in life, to expose the ugly, evil. In pronouncing its verdict on the ugly sides of life, art calls on to passionately hate them and fight them. Embodying the ideal of beauty, art inspires heroic deeds, to fight in the name of a bright future for humanity. The most important point the aesthetic assessment of reality is the negative, hostile attitude of the progressive artist towards everything reactionary as ugly and the assessment of the progressive as beautiful in its essence.
The active, mobilizing role of art has especially grown in our era - the era of the struggle between two social systems: the socialist and the capitalist. In our country, art is one of the most powerful means of communist education, the struggle against the remnants of capitalism in the minds and feelings of people.
Art cannot be understood outside of its relationship with other phenomena of social life, with other forms of ideology, regardless of its dependence on the economic foundations of social development.
The art of each era is inextricably linked with the national culture and historical conditions, with the class struggle, with the level of the spiritual life of society.
Living in a class society, an artist naturally acts as a representative of a certain social class. The reflection of the real world, the selection of certain phenomena of reality for artistic reproduction is determined by his social views, is carried out from the point of view of certain class ideals and aspirations.
In a class society, the impact of reactionary ideas leaves an imprint of limitation on the creativity of artists. The artist's expression of the true interests of the working classes expands his creative horizons and his ability to aesthetic embodiment in the images of art of the progressive aspirations of society as a whole.
The history of art is a complex, contradictory picture of the development of various schools, styles, currents in interaction, struggle. In his work, the artist proceeds not only from direct impressions, observations and study of nature, but also from the experience accumulated by art throughout the history of mankind, from the traditions of national schools, then relying on them, then opposing them with his new understanding of the phenomena of reality.
The level of development of art, the achievement of a high aesthetic value by it, emphasizes not in direct correspondence with the growth of productive forces. The progress of the productive forces in an antagonistic society is accompanied by the growth of exploitation, which disfigures man and human relations, fetters the development of the creative abilities of the working masses, and instills illusions in their minds. The emergence and flowering of some types of art are possible only in the early stages of artistic development and are unique in class society in the future.
The progress of art is stronger and more vividly manifested in the humanistic and realistic tendencies and conquests of each era. Realism is an artistic method that best meets the cognitive nature of art. But a true reflection of reality cannot be reduced to copying reality. Genuine realism characterizes the desire to embody the typical, natural in life in brightly individual images. The lack of harmonious unity of generalization and individualization of the artistic image leads either to schematism, which deprives the artistic work of the vitality of its persuasiveness, or to the depiction of random, petty aspects of reality. “... Realism presupposes, in addition to the truthfulness of details, a faithful reproduction of typical characters in typical circumstances ... that surround them and force them to act ... "
Realism in art is a historical concept. It acquires a different content and form depending on the specific historical conditions of a given epoch, passing through a number of qualitatively unique stages of its development. These steps are determined both by a change in the very subject of the image - new social relations, a new way of life - and by the embodiment of a new level of social consciousness, by a difference in the nature of ideas about life.
In the early stages of social development, a true reflection of life in art is formed spontaneously and for the most part is clothed in fantastic mythological forms (art of the ancient world and the Middle Ages). Conscious striving for cognition of the world, its laws, the addition of realism as a programmatically conscious method in art belongs to the Renaissance, when art, like science, freeing itself from the captivity of church scholasticism, takes possession of a truthful display of the image of a person, his worldview and social relations.
Democratic realism of the 19th century develops in a capitalist society. He is finally freed from the connection with mythology, from religious forms of perception of the world, and with the deepening of the method, it acquires a purposeful character. It is fundamentally critical realism, exposing and criticizing the vices of capitalist society, affirming democratic humanistic ideals. Critical realism, with its deliberate ideological program, is the spokesman for a militant democratic culture with its popular national character.
The revolutionary proletariat is building a classless society that ensures the all-round development of the creative abilities of a person freed from all forms of social slavery. After the victory of socialism, socialist realism developed as a leading art, as an integral method and direction. He continues to develop the realistic achievements of previous historical eras, critically reworking everything of value created by mankind. At the same time, socialist realism is a new, highest form of realistic art, the most consistent and complete artistic reflection and assessment of reality in its development and change.
The art of socialist realism truly captures the way of life and vividly embodies the world of ethical and aesthetic feelings, thoughts and ideas of the socialist collective. It educates the people in the spirit of socialism and communism. “Our realism is purely dynamic ... The socialist realist understands reality as development, as a movement proceeding in a continuous struggle of opposites ... He defines himself as an expression of the historical process, on the one hand, and on the other hand, as an active force that determines is the course of this process "1, - emphasized A. V. Lunacharsky, -" but he (realism. - Ed.) is devoted to the struggle through and through, he is a builder through and through, he is confident in the communist future of mankind, he believes in the strength of the proletariat, its party and its leaders, he understands the great significance of that first main battle and that first act of world socialist construction that is taking place in our country.

Introduction

1 The concept of "art"

Conclusion

Maintaining

One of the main tasks of our society facing the system modern education, is the formation of a culture of personality. The relevance of this task is associated with the revision of the system of life and artistic and aesthetic values. The formation of the culture of the younger generation is impossible without referring to the artistic values ​​accumulated by society in the course of its existence.

The purpose of this essay is to be able to understand, in essence, the laws of functioning and the social role of art, familiarity with which is the most important condition spiritual development person.

Formation of personality in all its versatility cultural development, professionalism, conscientious discipline, high morality is both the goal of culture and an indispensable condition for cultural progress.

Studying art different nations and different eras, subject to understanding its essence, allows you to understand the general nature of the respective cultures.

The essay attempts to define the place of art in the cultural space, to give an idea of ​​the types of art, and its place in modern society.

1. The concept of "art"

Art is the process or result of expressing the inner world in a (artistic) image, a creative combination of elements in a way that reflects ideas, feelings or emotions.

For a long time, art was considered a type of cultural activity that satisfies a person's love for beauty. Along with the evolution of social aesthetic norms and assessments, any activity aimed at creating expressive forms in accordance with aesthetic ideals acquired the right to be called art.

On a society-wide scale, art is a special way of knowing and reflecting reality, one of the forms of social consciousness and a part of the spiritual culture of both man and all mankind, a diverse result of the creative activity of all generations.

The etymology of the word "art", both in Russian and in Greek(Greek ????? - "art, skill, skill, craft") emphasizes such positive traits like craftsmanship and dexterity.

Art as fruit artistic activities, captures the general character of the culture in which it is created and to which it belongs and represents it integrally.

1.1 Art as part of culture

The essence of artistic culture lies in the fact that the creator (professional, amateur, craftsman) thanks to his developed feelings, he figuratively cognizes and figuratively models some fragment of reality, and then conveys it to the viewer or listener in an aesthetically expressive form. Artistic culture covers the entire population. So, many people in their youth write poetry and music, draw, some continue to do this throughout their lives. But only what is created by outstanding masters of their craft in the field of artistic activity is preserved for centuries as having the highest value for society and constitutes art. Art is a part of artistic culture, its pinnacle.

In artistic creation, the spiritual and the material penetrate each other, form something third, they do not simply unite, as in the spheres of material and spiritual production, but are mutually identified: so, a table, as a utilitarian, material object can be made of wood, metal, plastic. However, it is impossible to imagine V. Mukhina's "Worker and Kolkhoz Woman" made of wood or the Cathedral of St. Michael the Archangel in the Nizhny Novgorod Kremlin made of concrete. This spiritual and material integrity, indivisibility is called artistry. This is thinking in material, through color, word, sound, movement. The content contained in a work of art cannot be conveyed without loss by means of another type of art or simply "retell" in a different way.

The necessity and importance of studying art and its role in the life of society is explained by the fact that art, as the fruit of artistic activity, captures the general nature of the culture (say, primitive, medieval, etc.) in which it is created, to which it belongs and which it represents integrally. Art has a structure similar to culture, as it figuratively reveals what connects culture with nature, society and man. Thus, the study of the art of different peoples and different eras allows us to understand the general nature of the respective cultures.

The word "art" has many meanings. As artistic creation, it is delimited from art in the broader sense of the word (skill, skill, craft - skill of a carpenter, doctor, etc.). It would be more accurate to call art an artistic activity and what is its result - a work.

Art has creative character... Creativity is a proactive, spiritualized activity of people and their groups in the name of preserving and strengthening existing values, the main thing - in the name of their enrichment. Creativity is present in almost all forms of human activity - up to everyday communication. But the creative impulses and abilities of people are most fully realized in the spheres of socially significant activity: scientific, industrial, state-political, philosophical and, of course, artistic. It is no coincidence that art is usually called artistic creation.

1.2 Variety of arts

The definition of the hallmarks of art and its role in human life has caused sharp controversy throughout the history of culture. It was declared "imitation of nature" - and "free form creation"; "reproduction of reality" - and "self-knowledge of the Absolute", "self-expression of the artist" - and the "language of feelings"; a special kind of play - and a special kind of prayer. Such disagreements are explained by many reasons: the difference in the philosophical positions of theorists, their ideological attitudes, reliance on various types of art and creative methods (for example, on literature or architecture, on classicism or realism), and finally, the objective complexity of the structure of art itself.

Unlike science, language and other forms of specialized social activity, designed to satisfy the various needs of people, art turned out to be necessary for mankind as a way of holistic social education of the individual, his emotional and intellectual development, his introduction to the collective experience accumulated by mankind, to age-old wisdom, to specific socio-historical interests, aspirations, ideals. But in order to play this role as a powerful tool for the socialization of the individual, art must be like real human life, that is, it must recreate (model) life in its real integrity and structural complexity. It should "double" the real life activity of a person, be its imaginary continuation and addition, and thereby expand life experience personality, allowing her to "live" many illusory "lives" in the "worlds" created by writers, musicians, painters, etc.

At the same time, art appears at the same time both as similar to real life, and as different from it - invented, illusory, like a play of the imagination, as a creation of human hands. A work of art excites at the same time the deepest experiences, similar to the experiences of real events, and the aesthetic pleasure arising from its perception precisely as a work of art, as a model of life created by man.

Art as a specific social phenomenon is complex system qualities, the structure of which is characterized by the conjugation of cognitive, evaluative, creative (spiritually and materially) and sign-communicative facets (or subsystems). Thanks to this, it acts both as a means of communication between people, and as an instrument of their enlightenment, enrichment of their knowledge about the world and about themselves, and as a way of educating a person on the basis of a particular system of values, and as a source of high aesthetic joys.

Hegel singled out and characterized five so-called great arts. This is architecture, sculpture, painting, music, poetry. Along with them, there are dance and pantomime (the art of body movement), as well as stage direction - the art of creating a chain of mise-en-scenes (in the theater) and shots (in the cinema): here the material carrier of imagery is spatial compositions replacing each other in time.

Architecture, arts and crafts, sculpture, painting and graphics are spatial arts. All of them operate with volumetric-plastic materials in three-dimensional or two-dimensional space. They are also called plastic arts. They differ from each other in sign nature.

The architectural arts (architecture, arts and crafts, design) do not depict anything in particular; the artistic image is built in them in a non-pictorial way. Thoughts, feelings, moods of people, therefore, they convey in an indirect, associative way.

Sculpture, painting and graphics are fine arts, in which the principle of creating an art form is based on the image (using lines, a spot of color, volume, etc.) Important: they do not depict impressions of objects (such as literature), but the similarity of the objects themselves in their visible being.

Architecture, more than other arts, is associated with utilitarian forms of human activity. The definition of the essence of architecture is well known: strength, benefit and beauty. This truth remains unshakable to this day.

Sculpture - view visual arts, whose products are volumetric, have a three-dimensional shape. Since ancient times, the very activity of the sculptor was perceived as an act of creation, similar to the biblical one. In the sculptor's work, thought is not disconnected from the material, giving rise to an image as a created spatial reality.

Painting is one of the main and oldest types of fine art. It received its fullest development with the spread of technology oil painting(XV century). The scope of painting is undoubtedly broader than sculpture. She is not limited only to the artistic depiction of living beings, it is in her power to convey almost any phenomenon, almost the entire visible world... On canvas, you can capture a large-scale battle, and a sunset over the lake, and a look full of joy.

Of all the visual arts, graphics are the most paradoxical. On the one hand, this art form is very democratic. We come across works of graphic art literally at every step (books, posters, newspapers, advertisements, packaging, etc.) But at the same time, this most massive art is elitist, since very few connoisseurs understand graphics, understand it and know how to appreciate it ...

Usually, when talking about graphics, they indicate that this is the art of black and white (black line on a white surface). But at the same time, we can say that in some book there are bright, multicolored illustrations.

Temporary arts in the system of artistic culture are literature and music, those types of art whose works unfold in time.

The art of the word is almost omnipotent in its pictorial and expressive possibilities, while painting and music one-sidedly reflect the visible and audible aspect of being. Since language is the main means of communication between people, literature seems to be the simplest and most accessible form of art.

The word does not exhaust the image; it serves only as a material basis behind which the verbal-figurative meaning is hidden. With the help of the word, you can recreate not only the visually perceived reality, but also what is available to other senses - hearing, touch, smell. With the help of the word, you can convey the emotional, intellectual state of a person.

Traditionally, three kinds are distinguished in literature: epic, lyrical and dramatic.

Music is an art form that reflects reality and affects a person through meaningful and specially organized sound sequences. Music is a specific kind of sound activity of people. With other varieties, for example with speech, it is united by the ability to express thoughts, emotions and volitional processes of a person in an audible form and to serve as a means of communication between people and control of their behavior.

In addition to the listed types of art, there are also spectacular arts in the system of artistic culture. This is pantomime and dance, circus and theater, cinema and stage. Their artistic material is subject, included in the spatial environment and works only in this environment. But at the same time he is not static, but lives in time, develops, transforms, mutates. Existing in the space of the stage, arena, screen, these arts, at the same time, are presented to the public, focused on visual perception, which allows them to be called also spectacular arts.

The performing arts are synthetic in nature. They combine both opposite and similar in their characteristics of art. For example, theater combines the art of words and pantomime on the stage; in addition, acting on stage is surrounded and supported by architecture, music, painting.

2. The role of art in the life of a person and society

2.1 Aesthetic values, their role in human life and society

Art performs a number of functions, different researchers count them up to ten or twenty. And yet, the most important, specific function of art is the artistic one, which lies in its ability to create a holistic, concrete-sensory reflection of life and a holistic influence on spiritual world person. Art is primarily an aesthetic phenomenon. Its sphere is the creation, by the creative effort of a person, of a work intended for aesthetic perception, for the perception of beauty.

Art is directly related to the creation, accumulation, transfer of values, values ​​not material, but spiritual. Value is something that has positive significance. It can be a really existing object or a metaphysical beginning, conceivable and imaginary.

Values ​​play the role of guidelines in people's lives. Values ​​are historically fluid. In European antiquity, for example, beauty, proportionality, truth were revered as the highest blessings, in the Christian world - faith, hope, love. In the era of rationalism, the status of the highest value is acquired by reason.

We learn from art to eternal values, thanks to which art educates our morality. It is oriented and orientates towards them, comprehends and illuminates reality in relation to them. Artistic values ​​- are able to have an uplifting effect on the feelings, will and mind of people. These are perfect creations of art, necessary for each of us for a full-fledged spiritual life, for the successful activity of people in different areas.

Spiritual mastery of works of art is one of the highest human needs. The artistic need is inherent in all people who have reached the level of conscious being. However, the artist is eminently gifted with such a need.

The aesthetic experience of mankind, rich and varied today, has been formed over millennia.

The value of the aesthetic in the life of each person and humanity as a whole is enormous. Aesthetic emotions are able to acquire scale and signify certain ups and downs of the spirit, stellar moments in the history of mankind.

Thanks to aesthetic experiences, the unity of people with good and universal principles of being is strengthened. Aesthetic emotions give a person the opportunity to gain spiritual freedom. F. Schiller argued that beauty opens the way for a person to perfection and harmony, to the harmony of sensual and spiritual forces.

2.2 Modernism and postmodernism in the art of the twentieth century

At the beginning of the twentieth century, an aesthetic revolution took place in the world, the connection of which with the social upheavals of that time is obvious. The classical pictorial system ceased to work where the very picture of the world has lost its clear outlines. The ideology, the way of life of people, its rhythm have changed. Scientific and technical progress also transforms human society beyond recognition. At the beginning of the century, mass standardized production arises, the tastes and preferences of people are changing more and more, which ultimately leads to the spread of mass culture and mass art. The mass consumer, mass consciousness, mass culture enter the historical stage.

So, in the twentieth century. the nature of artistic creativity is radically changing, and this is primarily due to the practice of modernism (avant-garde) and postmodernism. The art of the preceding time was perceived as an extremely serious activity. It claimed no less as the mission of the savior of the human race (which was especially clearly manifested in the aesthetic views of the romantics). Modern Art on the one hand, he feels the structurelessness and inexpressibility of modern realities, on the other, the artist's desire to rise above the battle remains irresistible, to turn chaos into order.

Modernism was built on the denial of the previous art, but at the same time it was a throw into the future, it developed an adequate artistic image of the era. It was "modernity's reworking of its own meaning."

Modernism is associated with the departure of culture from realism, with the proclamation of the independence of art from reality. Artists-modernists (avant-garde) experiment with artistic material, create new style, language, content in the visual arts.

The art of the twentieth century is becoming more and more complex. The absence of stable stylistic trends (such as classicism, romanticism, etc. in previous eras), which has been noticeable since the beginning of the twentieth century, often makes the very process of artistic contact very problematic.

The growing education of the population led to the invasion of the masses into art, as a result of which, in the twentieth century, works began to focus on certain segments of consumers - on the highly erudite elite and not too literate mass audience. This is how elite and popular culture spreads (high and mass art, respectively).

The division of culture into culture for all and culture for the elite has existed for a long time. Priests and shamans already in ancient times were the cultural elite. When writing arose, there was a line between culture educated people and folk culture (folklore).

Folk culture and folk art reflect the highest spiritual, emotionally experienced and fixed in feelings and tastes of a person and his satisfaction and dissatisfaction with the world, aspiration to harmonize relations with him, embodies ideal representations masses. It is in folk culture that the idea of ​​good and evil, of a hero and a villain, of the beautiful and the terrible, etc. is formed.

Elite culture is created by a privileged part of society or by its order by professional creators. It includes fine art, classical music, literature. High culture is difficult for an unprepared person to understand. The circle of its consumers is a highly educated part of society (critics, writers, regular visitors to museums, theater-goers, artists, etc.), that is, specialists in any area of ​​high culture.

Classical, high or elite art, as time has shown, is the foundation on which values ​​are created, and will be created, that replenish the spiritual arsenal of mankind.

Unlike elite culture that requires serious intellectual and spiritual readiness to master it, mass culture is perceived as an effortless, natural phenomenon, over which one does not need to rack one's brains and experience emotional shock.

Mass art endlessly replicates surrogates and counterfeits, which dulls the taste of the public. As examples of mass art, one can cite the stage, clip culture, the fashion industry, certain genres of cinema and television art (melodrama, action, etc.)

Mass culture was, is and always will be. The amount of information contained in modern culture is immense. Works that are deep in content are often difficult to comprehend and require significant effort, emotional and intellectual, to master. Contemporary art has also become extremely complex.

Of course, high and mass art is guided by the primary satisfaction of different needs of people. Thus, mass art is aimed, first of all, at satisfying the recreational and compensatory needs with the unconditional implementation of other functions by its individual works, while high art - the repository of aesthetic values ​​created by mankind - is a source of satisfaction. wide range human needs (cognitive, educational, social, etc.).

Conclusion

Thus, art cannot be regarded as an optional supplement to the more basic goods and needs of people. It plays a huge role in the life of human society, ensuring the creation, accumulation and transmission of spiritual experience and aesthetic values ​​from generation to generation, from person to person, from culture to culture. Art is a kind of mirror and self-awareness of any culture, which reflects its essential features. Mastering works of art, a person socializes, learns the world, its past, present and future, learns to comprehend the emotional and intellectual world of another. The need for art never leaves a person; even in the most difficult historical moments, he experiences it. Refusal from artistic activity can return a person to a primitive state, disregard for high culture and its values ​​can and does lead to a decline in morality and, as a result, rampant crime, drug addiction, etc. phenomena. And the cultural policy of any state should provide support for high art, which is not going through the best of times in market conditions.

Municipal budgetary educational institution

"Chaltyr secondary school №3"

Art section.

Research.

Topic: "The Role of Art in Human Life"

Chaltyr

2015

Content

Introduction _____________________________________________ 3 - 4

Cultural values ​​of humanity ____________________ 5 -16

2.1. The art around us ______________________________________5 - 7

2.2 Man in the mirror of art ________________________________ 8 - 10

2.3. What is beauty? _________________________________________ 11 - 14

2.4. Beautiful awakens good ____________________________ 15-16

Practical part _________________________________ 17-18

Conclusion __________________________________________ 19-20

List of used literature ______________________ 21

Appendix __________________________________________ 22

2

Introduction.

The relevance of research ... At all times, people have tried to capture their attitude to life in different types of art. All life impressions are refracted through the artist's inner world and are addressed to the experience of each viewer, reader, listener.

Feelings embodied in art are not identical to life. They always depend on the artistic ideal, the value system. Artistic emotions are not a cast of momentary experiences, but the result of deliberation, life experience.

Perceiving a work of art, a person can experience delight, joy, admiration, shock, anger, grief, pain. But the miracle of art is in catharsis - overcoming the ordinary feeling, enlightenment, purification, elevation of the human soul. And fear, and pain, and excitement, when they are caused by art, contain something beyond what is contained in them. Psychologist L. Vygotsky wrote: "Art encourages to seek and find the main thing, to think, to worry again and again about the fate of the heroes, correlating them with their own lives."

Research problems:

How does art express the feelings of a person and the world around him?

What is beauty?

What role does art play in human life?

Object of study : impact different types art for human life.

Subject of study: means contributing to the formation of human values.

The importance of various types of art in human life, the formation of spiritual and cultural values ​​of a person's personality is the mainaim our research work.

In accordance with the purpose definedtasks research:

To reveal the essence of art;

Consider the relationship between man and art in society;

Clarify ideas about the understanding of beauty in different eras.

Expected Result: After studying this topic, it is assumed that more

a high level of development of an emotional-value attitude towards the world, phenomena of life and art; understanding the place and role of art in people's lives.

Research methods. To solve the assigned tasks, we used

a set of research methods: theoretical methods research (theoretical analysis of cultural, pedagogical and

methodological literature); empirical methods (observation, questioning); methods of mathematical statistical processing.

Research base: 8 "a" and 8 "b" classes MBOU secondary school №3с. Chaltyr.

2.1. Art around us.

"Art gives wings and takes you far - far!" -
said the writer A.P. Chekhov.

How nice it would be if someone created a device that would show the degree of influence of art on a person, society in general, and even on nature. How do painting, music, literature, theater, cinema affect human health, the quality of his life? Can this impact be measured and predicted? Of course, culture as a whole, as a combination of science, art and education, is capable, when choosing the right direction and priorities of life, to have a beneficial effect both on an individual and on society as a whole.

Art is a creative understanding of the surrounding world talented person... The fruits of this understanding belong not only to its creators, but to all of humanity living on planet Earth.

Immortal are the beautiful creations of ancient Greek sculptors and architects, Florentine mosaic masters, Raphael and Michelangelo ... Dante, Petrarch, Mozart, Bach, Tchaikovsky. It captures the spirit when you try to grasp with your mind everything created by geniuses, preserved and continued by their descendants and followers.

V primitive society primitive creativity emerges with a view as a way of human activity to solve practical problems. Having emerged in the Middle Paleolithic era, primitive art reached its heyday about 40 thousand years ago, and was a social product of society that embodied new step mastering reality. The oldest works of art, such as the shell necklace found in South Africa, date back to 75 millennium BC. NS. and more. In the Stone Age, art was represented by primitive rituals, music, dances, all kinds of body decorations, geoglyphs - images on the ground, dendrographs - images on the bark of trees, images on animal skins, cave paintings, rock paintings, petroglyphs and sculpture. 5

The emergence of art is associated with yokes, rituals, and ceremonies, including those conditioned by mythological and magical ideas.

Now the word "art" is often used in its original, very broad meaning. This is any skill in the implementation of any tasks, requiring some kind of perfection in its results. In a narrower sense of the word, this is creativity "according to the laws of beauty." Works of art, like works of applied art,

are created according to the "laws of beauty". A work of art, like all other types of social consciousness, is always the unity of the object cognizable in it and the subject cognizing this object.

In a primitive, pre-class society, art as a special kind of social consciousness did not yet exist independently. It was then in unity with mythology, magic, religion, with legends about a past life, with primitive geographical concepts, with moral requirements.

And then art stood out among them in its special specific kind. It has become one of the forms of development of social consciousness different nations... This is how it should be viewed.

Thus, art is a kind of social consciousness, it is an artistic content, not a scientific one. L. Tolstoy, for example, defined art as a means of exchange of feelings, opposing it with science as a means of exchange of thoughts.

Art is often compared to a reflecting mirror that reflects reality through the thoughts and feelings of the creator. Through him, this mirror reflects those phenomena of life that attracted the artist's attention, excited him.

Here one can rightfully see one of the most important specific features of art as a type of human activity.

Any product of labor - be it a tool, tool, machine or tool

life support - created for some special need. Even such products of spiritual production as scientific research may well remain accessible and important for a narrow group of specialists, without losing anything in their social significance.

But a work of art can be recognized as such only on condition of universality, "general interest" of its content. The artist is called upon to express something that is equally important for both the driver and the scientist, which is applicable to their life, not only to the extent of the peculiarities of their profession, but also to the extent of their involvement in public life, the ability to be a human being, to be a person.

2.2 Man in the mirror of art.

All arts serve the greatest

from the arts - the art of living on earth.
Bertolt Brecht

Art helps to know a person. Not only to see its appearance, but also to understand its essence, character, mood.

Now it is impossible to imagine that our life would not be accompanied by art, creativity. Wherever and whenever a person lived, even at the dawn of his development, he tried to comprehend the world around him, which means that he strove to understand and figuratively, intelligibly pass on the knowledge gained to the next generations. This is how wall paintings appeared in caves - ancient human encampments. And this was born not only by the desire to protect their descendants from the mistakes already passed by their ancestors, but also to convey the beauty and harmony of the world, admiration for the perfect creations of nature.

Humanity did not mark time, it progressively moved forward and higher, and the art that accompanies a person at all stages of this long and painful path developed in the same way. If you turn to the Renaissance, you admire the heights reached by artists and poets, musicians and architects. The immortal creations of Raphael and Leonardo da Vinci still fascinate with their perfection and deep awareness of the role of man in the world, where he is destined to travel his short, but wonderful, sometimes tragic path.

Art is one of the most important stages in human evolution. Art helps a person to look at the world with different points vision. With each epoch, with each century, it is more and more improved by man. At all times, art has helped people develop their abilities, improve abstract thinking. Over the centuries, people have tried to change art more and more, improve it, deepen their knowledge. Art is the great secret of the world, which contains the secrets of the history of our life. Art is our history. Sometimes in it you can find answers to those questions that even the most ancient manuscripts cannot answer.
Today, a person can no longer imagine life without reading.

novel, without a new movie, without a premiere in the theater, without a fashion hit and beloved musical group, without art exhibitions ... In art, a person finds both new knowledge and answers to life important questions, and relief from the daily hustle and bustle, and pleasure. A real work of art is always in tune with the thoughts of readers, viewers, listeners. The novel can talk about a distant historical era, about people, seems to have a completely different way and style of life, but the feelings that people penetrated into everything

times, understandable to the current reader, are consonant with him, if the novel is written

a real master. Let Romeo and Juliet lived in Verona in ancient times. It is not the time and place of action that determines my perception of the great love and faithful friendship described by the brilliant Shakespeare.

Ancient creations are not the only ones that grab our attention. We constantly come across works of art in Everyday life... By visiting museums and exhibition halls, we want to join wonderful world, which is accessible at first only to geniuses, and then to the rest, we learn to understand, see, absorb the beauty, which has already become a part of our ordinary life.

Pictures, music, theater, books, films give a person incomparable joy and satisfaction, make him sympathize. Exclude all this from the life of a civilized person, and he will turn, if not into an animal, then into a robot or a zombie. The wealth of art is inexhaustible. It is impossible to visit all museums in the world, all symphonies, sonatas, operas cannot be listened to, all masterpieces of architecture cannot be reviewed, all novels, poems, and poems cannot be re-read. And to nothing. Of all the diversity, a person chooses for the soul that which is closest to him, which gives the basis for his mind and feelings.

Art makes the world of people more beautiful, lively and vibrant. For example, painting: how much has come to our time old paintings, by which you can determine how people lived two, three, four or more centuries ago. Now there are many paintings written by our contemporaries, and whatever it is: abstraction, realism, still life or landscape, painting is a wonderful art, with the help of which a person learned to see the world bright and

colorful.

Architecture is another of critical species art. Scattered all over the world great amount the most beautiful monuments, and they are not just called "monuments" - they contain greatest secrets history and memory of them. Sometimes these mysteries cannot be solved by scientists all over the world.
Of course to perceive beauty operatic art, for example, it is necessary to know its features, to understand the language of music and vocals, with the help of which the composer and the singers convey all the shades of life and feelings and influence the thoughts and emotions of the listeners. The perception of poetry and the visual arts also requires some preparation and appropriate understanding. Even an interesting story will not capture the reader if he has not developed a technique of expressive reading, if he will spend all his energy on composing words from the sounds spoken and will not experience their artistic and aesthetic influence.

The effect of the means of art on a person can be caused by a long-term or long-term one. Art acts not on any one human ability and strength, be it emotion or intellect, but on a person as a whole. It forms, sometimes unaccountably, the very system of human attitudes.

2.3. What is beauty?

…what is beauty
And why do people deify her?
She is a vessel in which there is emptiness,
Or a fire flickering in a vessel
N. Zabolotsky

Each of us at least once in our life experienced admiration for beauty winter forest, blooming garden, the rising of the sun over the sea, enchanting the ear of folk tunes, ageless melodies of classical compositions, incendiary rhythms modern music. Why do we understand that all this is beautiful? The answer to this question is both easy and difficult. You can say without hesitation: "I see that it is beautiful", or "I feel that everything is beautiful." But what is beauty, no one will answer for sure. After all, the understanding of beauty extends to objects, phenomena, and to appearance man, and on his inner, moral essence. When we say “handsome man,” what do we mean? Proper facial features, slim figure? Or him spiritual beauty, kindness, nobility? Or maybe both together?

Human culture is based on the unity of truth, goodness and beauty. It is generally accepted that truth is the lot of science, good is religion, beauty belongs to art. However, in art, their inextricable connection appears especially clearly.

In works of art, people have long embodied their idea of ​​ideal beauty. Through the centuries, beautiful female images have come down to us: Nefertiti, the wife of the Egyptian pharaoh, and Aphrodite, the Greek goddess of love, full of sorrow, the soulful face of the Mother of God and the mysteriously smiling Mona Lisa. They are all different. But each of them is an image-symbol of beauty for all time.
The art of every era strives to create an image wonderful person, which has absorbed the best features of its time. eleven

According to the change of ideals, views, tastes of people, styles in art also changed.

Nefertiti. Legends say that never before has Egypt spawned such a beauty. She was called "Perfect"; her face adorned temples all over the country. Nefertiti played an extremely important role in religious life

Egypt of that time, accompanying a spouse during sacrifices,

ceremonies and religious festivities... She was the living embodiment of the life-giving power of the sun, giving life.

Cleopatra. The true appearance of Cleopatra is not easy to discern due to the romantic flair and numerous films that surround her; but there is no doubt that she was of a manly and firm enough character to trouble the Romans. There are no reliable images that accurately, without idealization, would convey its physical appearance. But some historians note in her a lack of feminine beauty. The profiles on the coins show a woman with wavy hair, large eyes, a prominent chin, and a humped nose. On the other hand, it is known that Cleopatra was distinguished by powerful charm, attractiveness, she perfectly used this for seduction and, in addition, had a charming voice and a brilliant, sharp mind.

The ideal of Renaissance beauty. During the Renaissance, a pale complexion, a beautiful mouth, white teeth, scarlet lips and long silky locks of blond hair became the canons of beauty. A slender "swan neck" and a high, clean forehead were elevated to the rank of the standard. To follow this fashion, to lengthen the oval of the face, women shaved their hair in front and plucked their eyebrows, and in order to make the neck appear longer, they shaved the back of their heads. The ideal becomes calm, "healthy" beauty, which can be seen on the canvases of Titian or Rembrandt, which depicts young ladies with curly hair and a charming blush on their face. Leonardo da Vinci depicted the model of the beauty of the Middle Ages - "La Gioconda". The main mystery of the portrait is in the inexplicable expression on the face, in the incomprehensible "elusive" smile. Some consider her to be a lofty ideal of femininity and charm, to others she seems unpleasant.12

In the Middle Ages earthly beauty was considered sinful. The figure was hidden under a layer of heavy fabric, and the hair was under a bonnet. Now Ideal medieval woman there was the blessed virgin Mary - an elongated oval face, huge eyes and a small mouth.

Beauty will save the world

The greatest psychologist, subtle connoisseur human soul Dostoevsky was right. Beauty will save the world. In our life, after all, not everything is perfect. This imperfection leads to wars and family strife, suicide and environmental disaster.

…Beauty will save the world ... But what kind? No, of course, Dostoevsky did not mean the owners of beautiful faces from the bright covers of magazines. He meant the harmony of human relations, of the human soul.

The beauty of true love, sung by Shakespeare, Remember: “... my love, like the sea, is boundless. The more I give, the more remains. "

The beauty of a person who sacrifices life for the salvation and happiness of people. Bulgakov's Yeshua and Aitmatovsky Obadiy are beautiful, because they spare neither strength nor energy, they go to death in the name of God-Tomorrow - the future renewal of mankind.

And if we talk about beauty, then how not to remember the impetuous impulses of Chekhov's Seagull and Gorky's Falcon! Isn't there anything more attractive, more graceful and more defenseless at the same time?

Extraordinary personalities, heroes, daredevils are always beautiful. The best legends are about them.

And who, at least once in his life, did not freeze in awe of Raphael's Madonna? The beauty of motherhood, the willingness to go to any torments for the sake of your child will not leave, but I think, indifferent hearts.

“Times change, and we change with them,” as one of the ancient sages said. Time is running, and tastes change with it: today you like one thing, tomorrow you like something else. It is very difficult to find a standard that would be relevant at all times. As there is no absolute truth, so there is no absolute beauty. We can only be surprised, looking at the portraits of the beauties of the old days, and shrug our shoulders: what is “so” about them? But if there is no standard of external beauty, then there are those qualities that have been valued at all times among all peoples: kindness, mercy, love ... These are contextual synonyms for the word "beauty".

“Everything should be beautiful in a person: face, clothes and soul, and thoughts.” These, which have become textbooks, Chekhov's lines refer not only to the people of his time. They are also addressed to us. We must be beautiful, and not only when we want to be considered that way. Is always. Then, perhaps, finally, humanity will cease to be afraid of wars, hunger, environmental disasters... Because these are ugly phenomena, because everything in the Universe is interconnected, and, therefore, human beauty gives rise to the harmony of the Universe. And then, of course, beauty will save the world.

2.4. The beautiful awakens the good.

There is no living creature on earth
So tough, tough, so hellish
So that I could not, at least for one hour,
In it, the music is to make a revolution.
W. Shakespeare

Artists have always thought about the purpose of art, their gift. "And I awakened good feelings with my lyre ..." - wrote A. Pushkin. “A reliable support by inspiration was given to me from childhood in beauty,” Michelangelo said. “A beautiful verse is like a bow drawn along the sonorous fibers of our being. Not our own - our thoughts make the poet sing within us.

…He delightfully awakens in our souls and our sorrow. He's a magician. Understanding him, we also become poets like him ”- said A. France.

Art has tremendous effective power, imperceptible at first glance. Reading while watching a movie or a play, attending an art

a museum or exhibition while listening to classical music or modern songs, the person seems to be just resting, spending leisure time. In fact, while communicating with art, immersing himself in a work of art and sympathizing with the heroes, characters, he seems to try on other characters, various situations, gets a new experience: empathizes positive characters, is indignant when he sees injustice in relation to the weak and defenseless. Artistic images serve as aesthetic , which are manifested in the attitude towards life, in the characteristics of positive and negative characters and are embodied in the most different forms: in a heroic poem and satire, in tragedy and comedy. Art affects the mind, heart, soul of a person, restores mental and emotional balance, helping to relieve inner tension and excitement generated by real life, 15

harmonizes the inner world of the perceiving reader, listener, viewer. Real art is calm, unobtrusive, it “does not tolerate vanity”, “ art is "quiet work" (F. Schiller).

Popular culture, on the other hand, is deafening, intrusive, hectic, entertaining, easy to perceive. She so firmly entered consciousness

many people that places for high spiritual values ​​are almost

not left. Both art and mass affect the views, tastes and perception of a person gradually, often not consciously for him.
Art is multifaceted, eternal, but, unfortunately, it cannot influence people without their will, mental exertion, a certain work of thought. A person must want to learn to see and understand beauty, then art will have a beneficial effect on him, society as a whole. This will probably be in the future. In the meantime, talented creators should not forget that their works are capable of influencing millions, and this can be beneficial or detrimental.

The practical part.

Having studied and analyzed the theoretical material of the research work, we decided to conduct a survey among 8th grade students in order to find outwhat functions does art perform, what is the role of art in human life, the relationship between man and art in society, in order to further discuss this from the point of view of a knowledgeable person.

After analyzing and processing the data obtained, we made the following conclusions and proposed our own ways of solving this issue. The children were offered a plain text questionnaire. Having received answers to this questionnaire, we learned about the attitude of the children to different types art.

To the question“What role do you think art plays in modern life person? " The answer “big” was used by 67% of the children, “none” - 10%, “helps to live” - 23%.

"What does art teach us and does it teach us at all?"

Beauty - 70%

Understanding of life - 5%

Right actions - 2%

Broadens horizons - 23%

Teaches nothing - 0%

Art preferences were divided as follows:

Such types as cinema and music are fond of 90% of children, painting, architecture and sculpture - 10%. It seemed interesting to me that the young men prefer, or at least this is how our guys answered, to do their homework to the music, believing that it helps with homework.

All of our respondents are passionate about any kind of art and it plays a positive role in their lives.

The survey showed that the work will help people understand the significance of art and, I think, will attract many, if not to art, then at least arouse interest in the problem.

My work also has practical significance, because the materials can be used to prepare for an essay on literature, for oral presentations in the lessons of history, literature, art, and later to prepare for exams.

In the philosophical and pedagogical treatises of the past centuries, it was said about the softening and ennobling of morals under the influence of various types of arts, and I am very pleased that our guys came to such conclusions.True art should be beautiful, have a kind, humane beginning with age-old traditions.

4. Conclusion.

Art plays crucial role in our life, helps to spiritually and morally grow future generations. Each generation contributes to the development of humanity, culturally enriching it. Without art, we would hardly be able to look at the world from different points of view, in a different way, look beyond the ordinary, feel a little sharper. Art, like a person, has many small veins, blood vessels, organs.

Passions, aspirations, dreams, images, fears - everything that each person lives with - acquire a special color and strength in creativity.

It is impossible for everyone to be creators, but it is within our power to try to penetrate into the essence of the creation of a genius, to come closer to understanding the beautiful. And the more often we become contemplators of paintings, architectural masterpieces, listeners to beautiful music, the better for us and those around us.

Art helps us to master science and gradually deepen our knowledge. And as mentioned above, it is an essential part of human development:

Forms in a person the ability to perceive, feel, correctly understand and appreciate the beauty in the surrounding reality and art,

Forms the skills of using the means of art to understand the life of people, nature itself;

Develops a deep understanding of the beauty of nature, the surrounding world, the ability to preserve this beauty;

Arms people with knowledge, as well as instills skills and abilities in the field of accessible types of arts - music, painting, theater, artistic expression, architecture;

Develops creativity, abilities and skills to feel and create beauty in the surrounding life, at home, in everyday life;

Develops an understanding of beauty in human relationships, the desire and ability to bring beauty into everyday life.

So, art affects our life from all sides, makes it

varied and bright, lively and interesting, rich, helping a person to better and better understand his purpose in this world.Our earthly world is woven from perfection and imperfection. And it depends only on the person himself how he will make his future, what he will read, what he will listen to, how he will speak.

« The best remedy for the education of feelings in general, for the awakening of the senses of beauty, for the development creative imagination, art itself is ", - pointed out the scientist-psychologist N.Ye. Rumyantsev.

5. List of used literature.

1. Sergeeva G. P. Art. - M., "Education", 2012.

2. Pospelov G.N. Art and aesthetics.- Moscow: Art, 1984.

3. Solntsev N.V. Heritage and time. M., 1996.

Application form.

What role do you think art plays in modern human life?

Big, None, Helps to live

What does art teach us and does it teach us at all?

Beauty, Understanding of life, Right deeds, Expands

horizon,

Teaches nothing

What kinds of art do you know?

Theater, Cinema, Music, Painting, Architecture, Sculpture

What kind of art do you do or are passionate about?

Passionate - Not Passionate

Have there been times when art has played a role in your life?

Yes (describe)

No