The best paintings of Raphael. Rafael He studies anatomy, perspective, mathematics, geometry

All paintings of Raphael are a bright reflection of his fine nature. From an early age, he was endowed with hardened hardworking and the desire for spiritual and clean beauty. Therefore, in their works tirelessly passed the charming forms of high intentions. Perhaps, therefore, under the brush, such a huge number of works were born under the brush, which transmit the perfection of the world and his ideals. Probably, none of the artists of the Renaissance are so masterfully and deeply revived the plots of their paintings. Recall at least a real masterpiece of the art of that time " Sicstinian Madonna" The image of a unique, wonderful vision arises in an unshakable and desirable, wonderful visibility. It seems to be descended from a bluish depth of heaven and envelops those surrounding with its majestic and noble golden radiance. Maria descends solemnly and boldly, holding his baby on the hands. Such pictures of Raphael are a bright reflection of its sublime feelings and pure sincere emotions. Monumental forms, clear silhouettes, balanced composition - this is the entire author, his aspirations for high ideals and perfection.

On his canvases, the master fell in love with the feminine beauty, elegant greatness and gentle charm of heroin. No wonder, at least two of his works " Three Graces"And" Amur and Grazi."Deeded the wonderful goddess of Roman mythology - ancient Greek Harita. Their soft forms and saturated lines embodied the most joyful, kind and bright end of all life. Raphael tirelessly screams from them inspiration. It purposefully, he depicted the goddesses naked to bring each viewer to the virgin and gentle nature of high art. Perhaps, therefore, divine power is brightly displayed in the rest of the artist, sensual beauty, inextricably connected with ideals of the world.

Text: KSUSHA KORS

Biography

The era of high rebirth in Italy gave the world of great artists: Leonardo da Vinci, Michelangelo, Rafael, Titian. Each of them in his work embodied the Spirit and the ideals of the era. In the work of Leonardo, I brightly reflected cognitive purposefulness, in the works - Michelangelo - Paphos and the drama of the struggle for great perfection, Titsian is cheerful freedomiff, Rafael chas the feelings of beauty and harmony.

Rafael (more precisely Rafaello Santi) was born April 6, 1483 (According to other data on March 28, 1483) in the family of the court artist and the poet of the Duke of Urbinsky Giovanni Santi in the city of Urbino. Rafael's father was a man educated and it was he who instilled his son's love for art. And the first lessons of painting Rafael received from his father.

When Rafael was 8 years old, his mother died, and at 11 years after the death of his father he remained orphan.

The city of Urbino, in which Rafael was born and grew up, in the middle of XV - a brilliant art center, the focus of the humanistic culture of Italy. The young artist could get acquainted with the wonderful works of the arts in the churches and the palaces of the city of Urbino, and the beneficial atmosphere of beauty and art was waking imagination, dreams, brought up artistic taste. Biographers and researchers of the creativity of Rafael suggest that the following 5-6 years he studied painting from the mediocre urbinist masters of Evangelist Di Pionemeleto and Tyotheo Viti.

IN 1500 The year Rafael Santi moves to Perugia to continue his education in the workshop of the largest Umbrian painter Pietro Perugino (Vanutcchi). The art manner of Perugino contemplative and lyric was close. The first art compositions were executed by Raphael at 17-19 years Three Graces», « Sleep Knight"And the famous" Madonna Concontabile" The Lyrical Talent of Rafael Theme Madonna is especially close and not by chance she will remain one of the main in his work.

Madonna Raphael, as a rule, are depicted against the background of landscapes, their faces breathe calmness and love.

In Peruginsky, the painter creates the first monumental composition for the church - " Mary's engagement"Announced a new stage in his work. IN 1504 Raphael moves to Florence. In Florence, he lived four years, occasionally leaving in Urbino, Perugia, Bologna. In Florence, the artist is attached to the artistic ideals of Renaissance art, getting acquainted with the works of antiquity. At the same time, Leonardo da Vinci and Michelangelo worked in Florence, creating cards for battle scenes in Palazzo Vecchi.

Rafael studies antique art, makes sketches from the works of Donatello, with the compositions of Leonardo and Michelangelo. He draws a lot from nature, depicts the models naked, achieves the correct transmission of the structure of the body, its movement, plastics. At the same time studies the laws of the monumental composition.

Rafael's painting style is changing: it is stronger than the expression of plastic, forms - more generalized, compositions are simpler and more stringent. During this period of his work, the image of Madonna becomes the main one. To replace the brittle, dreamy Umbral Madonnam, the images of more terrestrial full-bloodeds came, their inner world became more complex and rich in emotionally.

Compositions depicting Madonn with babies brought Raphael fame and popularity: " Madonna Del Granduca"(1505)," Madonna Tempi"(1508)," Orleans Madonna», « Madonna Column" In each picture on this plot, the artist finds new nuances, artistic fantasies make them completely different, images acquire greater freedom and movement. Landscapes surrounding the Virgin - this is the world of serenity and idyll. This period of painter, " artist Madonne"- the flourishing of its lyrical dating.

Florentine period of the creativity of Raphael ends with a monumental web " Position in the coffin"(1507) and marks its transition to the monumental-heroic generalized style.

In autumn 1508 The year Rafael moves to Rome. At that time, at the invitation of Pope Julia II, the best architects, sculptors, painters from all over Italy came to Rome. Scientists were gathered around the papal court. Humanists. Pope, powerful spiritual and secular lords collect works of arts, patronized science and arts. Rome Raphael becomes a great master of monumental painting.

Pope Julius II instructed Rafael to decorate painting papal chambers in the Vatican Palace, the so-called stans (rooms). Above the frescoes of Rafael station worked nine years - from 1508 to 1517. Raphael's frescoes became the embodiment of the humanistic dream of the Renaissance about the spiritual and physical perfection of a person, his high vocation and its creative possibilities. The themes of the frescoes forming a single cycle are the personification and glorification of truth (VERO), good, good (Bene), beauty, beautiful (Bello). In addition, it's like three interrelated areas of human activity - intellectual, moral and aesthetic.

Theme frescoes " Dispute» (« Dispute») Approval of the triumph of the highest truth (truth of religious revelation), communion. On the opposite wall - the best fresco of Vatican stans, the greatest creation of Raphael " Athenian school». « Athenian school"Symbolizes rational searches for truth in philosophy and science. IN " Athenian school»The painter depicted a collection of antique thinkers and scientists.

The third fresco of Della Machines Senyatura " Parnassus"- the personification of the idea of \u200b\u200bBello - beauty, beautiful. This fresco shows Apollo surrounded by the music, inspired by Wiole, the famous and unnamed poets, playwrights, prozaiki, prose, in most antique (Homer, Safo, Alkey, Vergilius, Dante, Petrarca ...). Allegoric scene on the contrary " Parnassa", Glorified (Bene) good, good. This idea personifies the figures of wisdom, measures and forces, rhythmically combined by figurines of small geniuses. Three of which symbolize virtues - faith, hope, mercy.

Rafael engaged in monumental painting until the last years of life. The preserved drawings of Raphael clearly disclose the originality of the creative method of the artist, the preparation and embodiment of the main task of the work. The main goal is to create a combined and completed composition.

During the years of work in Rome, Rafael receives many orders for the execution of portraits. Portraits created by him, simple, strict on the composition, in the guise of a person allocated the main thing, the most significant, unique: " Portrait of Cardinal», « Portrait of a writer Baldassa Castilion"(Rafael friend) ...

And in the easel painting of Raphael, the plot of the Madonna remains unchanged the topic: " Madonna Alba"(1509)," Madonna in the chair"(1514-1515), altar paintings -" Madonna di Foligno"(1511-1512)," St. Tzcilyl"(1514).

The greatest creation of Rafael's easel painting " Sistine Madonna"(1513-1514). Cardigid - the masterful intercession of human descends on the ground. Madonna presses the little Christ to himself, but her hugs are meaningful: in them and love, and parting - she gives him to people for suffering and flour. Madonna is moving and stationary. It remains in his elevated perfect world and goes to the world of earthly. Maria forever brings her son to people - the embodiment, a symbol of the highest humanity, beauty and greatness of sacrificial maternal love. Rafael created the image of Our Lady, understandable to everyone.

The last years of Rafael's life was devoted to different areas of activity. IN 1514 The year he was appointed to lead the construction of St. Peter's Cathedral, supervised over the course of all construction and repair work in the Vatican. Created architectural projects of the church of Sant Elijio Delya of Herfichi (1509), Palazzo Pandolfini in Florence, Madama Villas.

IN 1515-1516 For years, together with their students, he created cardons to carpets designed for decoration on the festive days of the Sistine Chapel.

Last work - " Transfiguration"(1518-1520) - executed with the significant participation of students and was completed by them after the death of the master.

Painting Raphael reflected the style, aesthetics and the worldview of the era, the era of high revival. Rafael was born to express the ideals of Renaissance, the dream of a beautiful man and a beautiful world.

Rafael died at the age of 37, April 6, 1520. The Great Artist is buried with all the honors in Pantheon. The pride of Italy and the whole mankind Rafael remained for the century.

Rafael Santi was born on April 6, 1483 in the family of the court poet and the painter of Urbinsky Dukes Giovanni Santi.

Giovanni Santi was the first teacher of Raphael and from early childhood was able to instill a boy taste to the beautiful, introduce him to the world of contemporary art. Thanks to the relations of the Father, Rafael became close to the son of Federigo and Montefeltro, Guidobaldo. Throughout his life, he enjoyed friendly support and the patronage of his wife, Elizabeth Gonzago.

In 1491, Raphael lost his mother, and after three years, in 1494, father died. An eleven-year-old boy remained an orphan at the care of uncle Fra Bartolomeo, who did not care about the fate of the nephew, as endlessly sued with the step of Rafael Bernardine. Judging by the correspondence of Raphael, spiritual heat and relative proximity he found in communicating with his other uncle, his brother, Simon Chiharla.

After the death of the Father, about five years old, the boy studied in the workshop of the court painter of Urbinish Dukes Tymoto Viti.

In 1500, Raphael arrived at Perugia, where he entered the workshop of Perugino, in those years of the leading representative of the Umbrian school. The early period of the creativity of Rafael is fairly called "Perughinovsky" and celebrate the strong dependence of the young artist from the teacher.

Approximately between 1503 and 1504 by order of the Albitzini family, Rafael wrote for the Church of San Francesko in the small town of Chitta di Castello the altar image of the "Break of Mary" - a work that adequately completed the early period of his work.

In 1503, Perugino moved with his workshop to Florence, where Rafael arrived after him in the fall of 1504.

For four years (not counting the trips to Perugia, then in Urbino) in Florence Rafael created the famous paintings of Madonn.

In 1507, he returned to Urbino. And in 1508, Rafael was invited to Pope Julia II in Rome for painting the front apartments in the Old Vatican Palace.

The first building of Raphael refers to 1514. At first, he created a small church of Sant-Elijo deli Orefichi (started in 1509). It represents the Greek Cross with very short branches and is blocked with a light spherical dome with a drum on sails.

After the death of Bramte in 1514, Lev X appointed Raphael to the main architect at the construction of a new St. Peter's Cathedral, he was engaged in the protection and census of monuments of ancient Rome.

From 1506 to 1514, the construction of the Cathedral of St. Peter was in the hands of Bramte, who, however, managed only to partially withdraw the central foundations and the supporting arches of the temple.

The direct follower of Bramtel, Rafael returns to the traditional form of a plane of church structures in the form of a Latin cross. He thinks a dome building with three identical absides, the fourth side of which is developed in a strongly elongated three-penette basilica. But Rafael also did not have time to complete his idea.

Rafael has its own school in Rome, where the artists' skill was performed. Rafael lived in Rome as Prince, surrounded by students and fans. His workshop is a difficult and very active organization in which experienced assistants of varying specialization have been developed, performed, implemented the intention of the teacher. In letters Btembo and Bibbien, Rafael appears as an active organizer, an artist who is in a tireless search, a man with inexhaustible curiosity to knowledge.

A little bit known about the privacy of Raphael, much more legends. Once life around the personality of the artist arose the halo of fame and universal worship. Already vazari, whose life mentioned the beginning of many subsequent legends about Raphael, saw in him and in his lifestyle the ideal of the artist-court, gifted, living in the luxury and richness of a person who knows how to behave in society, maintain a scholarship conversation, has a pleasant appearance and sophisticated manners, surrounded by love and universal veneration.

Fate favored Raphael: he found strong and powerful patrons in Rome. The fan of his talent was Julius II. After the death of Julia II, Rafael performed orders of Lion X, who became Pope in 1513. Rafael died unexpectedly, after a short sickness, on the day of his birth - April 6, 1520. His death was perceived as death of art - so great was the glory of the artist and his universal was honored. According to the testament, Rafael was buried in Pantheon, among the great people of Italy.

Rafael is an artist who had a monumental impact on how art developed. Rafael Santi deservedly consider one of the three great masters of the Italian high Renaissance.

Introduction

The author of incredibly harmonious and serene canvases, he received recognition of contemporaries thanks to images of Madonn and monumental frescoes in the Vatican Palace. Biography of Rafael Santi, as well as his work, is divided into three main periods.

For 37 years of life, the artist created several of the most beautiful and influential compositions in the history of painting. The compositions of Rafael are considered ideal, his figures and faces are impeccable. In the history of art, he appears as the only artist who managed to achieve perfection.

Brief biography of Rafael Santi

Rafael was born in the Italian city of Urbino in 1483. His father was an artist, but he died when the boy was only 11 years old. After the death of Father Rafael became a student in Perugino's workshop. In his first works, the influence of the master is felt, but by the end of the teaching, the young artist began to find his own style.

In 1504, the young artist Rafael Santi moved to Florence, where he was deeply admired by the style and technique of Leonardo da Vinci. In the cultural capital, he began to create a series of beautiful Madonn; There he received the first orders. In Florence, the young Master met with Da Vinci and Michelangelo - masters who had the strongest influence on the work of Rafael Santi. Also, Florence Rafael is obliged to familiarize with his close friend and mentor Donato Bramte. Biography of Rafael Santi in his Florentine period is incomplete and confusing - judging by historical data, the artist did not live in Florence at that time, and often came there.

Four years, conducted under the influence of Florentine art, helped him achieve individual style and unique painting techniques. Upon arrival in Rome Rafael immediately becomes an artist at the courtyard of the Vatican and the personal request of Pope Julia II is working on frescoes for the papal working office (Stanza Della Segnatura). The young master continued the painting of several other premises, which today are known as Rafael Rooms (Stanze Di Raffaello). After the death of Bramte, Rafael was appointed chief architect of the Vatican and continued the construction of the Cathedral of St. Peter.

Creativity Raphael

The compositions created by the artist are famous for the grace, harmony, the smoothness of the lines and the perfection of the forms with which only Leonardo's canvas and the works of Michelangelo can compete. No wonder these great masters make up a "unattainable trinity" of high rebirth.

Rafael was an extremely dynamic and active person, so despite the short life, the artist left behind the richest heritage consisting of works of monumental and easel painting, graphic works and architectural achievements.

During the lifetime, Raphael was a very influential figure of culture and art, his works were considered the benchmark of artistic skills, however, after a timeless death, Santa was covered with the work of Michelangelo, and until the XVIII century, Rafael's legacy was in the relative oblivion.

Creativity and Biography of Rafael Santi are divided into three periods, the main and most influential of which are four years, conducted by the artist in Florence (1504-1508), and the remainder of the Master's life (Rome 1508-1520).

Florentine period

From 1504 to 1508, Rafael led a nomadic lifestyle. He never remained in Florence for a long time, but despite this, four years of life, and especially creativity, Rafael was called by the Florentine period. Much more developed and dynamic, the art of Florence had a deep influence on the young artist.

The transition from the influence of Perugian school to a more dynamic and individual style is noticeable in one of the first works of the Florentine period - "three graces". Rafael Santi managed to assimilate new trends, while remaining faithful to his individual style. Monumental painting has changed, as evidenced by the frescoes of 1505. In the wall painting the influence of Fra Bartolomeo is traced.

However, the influence of Da Vinci on the work of Rafael Santi's work is intended. Raphael assimilated not only elements of technology and composition (SFUMATO, pyramidal construction, counterarost), which were innovations Leonardo, but also borrowed some of the ideas of the Master already recognized at that time. The beginning of this influence can be traced even in the painting "Three Graces" - Rafael Santi uses a more dynamic composition in it than in the early works.

Roman period

In 1508, Rafael arrived in Rome and lived there until the end of his days. Friendship with Donato Bramante, the chief architect of the Vatican, provided him with a warm welcome at the courtyard of Pope Julia II. Almost immediately after the move, Raphael began large-scale work on frescoes for Stanza Della Segnatura. Compositions adorning the walls of the Papal Cabinet are still considered the ideal of monumental painting. The frescoes, among whom the Athenian School and "Splitting Affairs" are occupied by a special place, provided Raphael deserved recognition and an endless flow of orders.

Rome Raphael opened the largest workshop of the Renaissance - under the supervision of Santi, more than 50 students and artist's assistants worked, many of whom later became outstanding painters (Julio Romano, Andrea Sabbatini), sculptors and architects (Lorenzetto).

The Roman period is characterized by architectural research of Rafael Santi. In short, he was one of the most influential architects of Rome. Unfortunately, few of the developed plans managed to implement due to the untimely his death and subsequent changes in the architecture of the city.

Madonna Rafael

For his rich career, Rafael created more than 30 cloths depicting Mary and Baby Jesus. Madonna Rafael Santi is divided into Florentine and Roman.

Florentine Madonns - created under the influence of Leonardo and Vinci Linen, depicting a young Maria with a baby. Often, near Madonna and Jesus, John the Baptist is depicted. Florentine Madonns are characterized by tranquility and maternal charming, Rafael does not use dark tones and dramatic landscapes, so the main focus of his paintings are beautiful, modest and loving mothers depicted on them, as well as the perfection of forms and harmony of lines.

Roman Madonna - paintings, in addition to the individual style and technology of Raphael, there is no more influence. Another difference of Roman cloth is the composition. While Florentine Madonns are depicted by three quarters, Romans are more often written in full growth. The main product of this series is the magnificent "Sicstinskaya Madonna", which is called "perfection" and compare with the musical symphony.

Rafael Machines

Monumental canvases adorning the walls of the Papal Palace (and now the Vatican Museum) are considered the greatest works of Rafael. It is difficult to believe that the work on Stanza Della Segnatura artist finished three and a half years. Frescoes, among which the magnificent "Athens School" is written extremely in detail and efficiently. Judging by the drawings and preparatory sketches, the work on them was an incredibly laborious process, which once again testifies to the diligence and artistic talent of Rafael.

Four frescoes from Stanza Della Segnatura depict the four spheres of the spiritual life of a person: philosophy, theology, poetry and justice - the composition "Athens School", "Spore about the communion", "Parnas" and "Wisdom, moderation and power" ("Mirinese virtues") .

Rafael received an order for the painting of two other rooms: Stanza Dell'Incendio Di Borgo and Stanza d'Eliaodoro. The first contains frescoes with compositions describing the history of the papacy, and the second is the divine patronage of the Church.

Rafael Santi: Portraits

Portrait genre in the work of Rafael takes not such a prominent role as religious and even mythological or historical painting. Early portraits of the artist technically lagged behind his rest, but the subsequent development of equipment and the study of human forms allowed Rafael to create realistic portraits, imbued with the artist's penetrated with clarity and clarity.

Written portrait of Pope Julia II to this day is an example for imitating and object of aspiration for young artists. The harmony and the balance of technical execution and the emotional load of the picture create a unique and deep impression, which only Rafael Santi could achieve. The photo is not capable of what the portrait of Pope Julia II was achieved at one time - people who had seen him, frightened and cried, so ideally Rafael managed to transfer not only the face, but also the mood and nature of the image object.

Another influential portrait in the performance of Raphael - "Portrait of Baldassare Castiglion", which at one time copied Rubens and Rembrandt.

Architecture

The architectural style of Raphael has been subjected to a completely anticipated influence of Bramte, that is why the short period of stay of Rafael is the chief architect of the Vatican and one of the most influential Architects of Rome is so important to maintain the stylistic unity of buildings.

Unfortunately, few of the construction plans of the Great Masters exist to this day: some of the plans of Raphael were not carried out because of his death, and some of the already built projects were either demolished or moved and redone.

The hand of Raphael owns the plan of the inside yard of the Vatican and painted loggias, which goes in his direction, as well as the Round Church of Sant 'Eligio Degli Orefici and one of the chapel in the Church of St. Mary del Poppolo.

Graphic work

Rafael Santi's painting is not the only appearance of fine art in which the artist has achieved perfection. Most recently, one of his drawings ("The Head of the Young Prophet") was sold at auction for 29 million pounds, becoming the most expensive pattern in the entire history of art.

To date, there are about 400 drawings belonging to Raphael's hand. Most of them are sketches to picturesque work, but there are also those that can easily be considered separate, independent works.

Among the graphic works of Raphael there are several compositions created in collaboration with Markantonio Raimondi, who created a variety of engravings in the drawings of the Great Master.

Artistic heritage

Today, such a thing as the harmony of forms and flowers in painting is synonymous with the name of Rafael Santi. The Renaissance Epoch acquired a unique artistic vision and almost perfect performance in the work of this wonderful master.

Rafael left the descendants artistic and ideological heritage. It is so rich and diverse that it is hard to believe, looking at what a short one has been his life. Rafael Santi, despite the fact that his work was temporarily covered by the wave of mannerism, and then Baroque, remains one of the most influential artists in the history of world art.

Rafael Santi was born in the city of Urbino in 1483, April 6th. His interest in painting began pretty early. His father Giovanni Santi worked as a court artist at the Duke of Urbino Federigo and Montefeltro. During the time Rafael was with his father, he had the opportunity to study the foundations of painting. In 8 years, Raphael lost his mother, and in 11th Father. Thanks to the care of the stepmother and a sufficient number of funds that remained after the death of the Father, the master never fought for their decent existence. In addition, he was friends with the Italian masters of that time. Through these ties, Rafael could rather early become quite successful in his career.

His father, when he was still alive, apparently managed to ensure training for a young master. In 1500, Rafael became a student of Pietro Perugino, who was a successful artist in the city of Perugia. For four years, Rafael mastered the technique of Perugino as well that it was almost impossible to distinguish their work. By December of the same year, Rafael deserved the title of Master from some quarters. His first famous work was an altar image for the church, which was halfway between the city of his birth and Perugia. He was helped by his senior friend Evangelist's drunk di melloveo. The artist worked on many other projects with the father of Raphael. The young master continued to work as an assistant at Perugino, until he moved to Florence.

In Florence, it became obvious that his style needs some changes if taken into account the latest innovative styles Leonardo da Vinci and Michelangelo. However, the artist who had the greatest impact on him undoubtedly remained the former. Its influence can be seen on the painting of Raphael "Sicstinskaya Madonna". However, even though he took the styles of different masters of that time, he continued to use his own unique style. The work in which it was already possible to see more characteristic Rafaell style - "Beautiful Sadman" (La Belle Jardinire) or "Madonna and a baby and John the Baptist", as it is also called.

In 1508, Rafael moved to work in the Vatican in Rome. He lived the rest of his life here. His influential family ties also played a huge role in his invitation to the Vatican. With the assistance of his uncle Donato Bramte (the famous architect and painter of that time), Rafael Santi becomes the official artist of the papal court. He, at the invitation of Pope Julia II, arrives, to fulfill the place of painting by frescoes, Della Machine Machine, the first Michelangelo, who receives an official invitation a few months later. The first authorized work of Raphael in Rome was his greatest and highest paid order than ever. He had to make frescoes, in a room that should have become a library Julia II in the Vatican Palace. There were already similar works in different halls, but they were mainly painted, since they were ordered by the predecessor and the worst enemy of Pope Julia II Rodrigo Borgia Pope Alexander VI. The works of Rafael in this room were one of the best works of the artist. They include Parnas, Athenian School, "Disputs", "Virtue and Law".

In order to write these famous works, he had to paint some other works. However, Pope Julius II decided that these works are less important. After completing the work in the first room, Papa Julius II was very impressed and decided to instruct the artist, for further work, painting in another room. The second room in which Rafael worked is called the d'Elodoro station. In this room, Raphael basically focuses on the provision of patronage of human activity. In these works, Michelangelo's influence is clearly seen. However, as it was throughout his career, the artist managed to use his own style, while still using many techniques of other masters. At one time, Michelangelo was very annoyed by the unique skill of Rafael quickly adopt the techniques of other artists. He even accused the artist in the plagiarism.

During the work of Raphael over the second hall, Pope Julius II died. However, this did not affect his work. The next dad Lev X was also delighted by the skill of Rafael, and supported the continuation of the painting. In addition, the complex web of his friends played a significant role in providing artist by orders, in such a quantity that he was probably never staying without work. Rafael Santi continued to work on the project, but he had already played a smaller role. For his end, he began to send the team of his assistants. His big and sophisticated work for him, Leonardo da Vinci, and Michelangelo began to determine the age in which they lived.

At the sunset of his life, Rafael continued to receive salary from the Vatican. However, he also received other numerous orders. His most notable projects outside the Vatican are a series of altar images and Roman Madonn. These works demonstrate evolution in the style of Rafael. In essence, he continued to develop until death. In addition, he made a series of portraits. Among them are portraits of Pope Julia II and his successor.

His studio workshop was described as one of the largest ever owned masters. Undoubtedly, much of the experience of managing the workshop he took over his father. Unlike the workshop of organized Michelangelo, Rafael's workshop worked more quickly and productively.

The artist managed not only to organize a whole subcontractor of masters and their assistants, but also support with them all good working relationships. His workshop was attributed to the development of talent in some of the greatest masters of that time.

When Bramte died, Rafael was appointed chief architect of St. Peter's Cathedral. In 1515, he also receives the position of the chief keeper of antiquities. Most of his work was subsequently demolished, since they were, to some extent, sullen. However, some of his works, as an architect, have so far been preserved in Rome.

Rafael often painted drawings, sometimes using silver tip for this. The drawing, made in this way, at the beginning of a bluish-gray. Gradually, after oxidation, it acquires a brownish shade. As can be seen from his numerous drawings, the artist he was very innovative. Rafael never made copies of his works, but willingly engaged in cooperation with other artists and allowed them to use his sketches to create engravings.

The artist was never married. For some time, he was passionate about Margarita Luce (by a bakenist) daughter of a rich dog.

According to one of the versions, numerous noisy games with mistresses led to his premature death at thirty seven years. But still, this version is a subject of serious disputes. According to another version, it fell ill after sexual intercourse with vannarina. But if you take into account the large amount of work, which was performed by the artist, the most of the times, the general health of the population of the century and the fact that then people generally lived for a short time, it can be assumed that it was all together, in general, and could have been the cause of Raphael's early death. In any case, after so many hundreds of years from the date of his death, now you can only build guesses about its reason, as some facts of biography remain unknown, and instead there are many speculations, rumors, fantasies and guenes. The artist bequeathed his considerable state Margarita Luti, friends and disciples. After death, Rafael was buried in Pantheon, at his own desire.

Without a doubt, Rafael belongs to the number of leading artists of the Renaissance. Together with Titian, Donatello, Leonardo da Vinci, Michelangelo, Shakespeare, and a small group of contemporaries, Rafael became the center of the movement of artists who have replenished with their masterpieces not only Western, but also world culture.

"Sistine Madonna". The picture is 196 cm. X 265 cm. Made with oil on canvas in 1514. Located in the gallery of old masters, in Dresden, in Germany.

"Beautiful Sadman" (Madonna with a child and John the Baptist) size of 80 cm. 122 cm. Made with oil on the board in about 1507. Located in the Louvre, in Paris.

"Madonna with Schegul". The picture is 77 cm in size. X 107 cm. Made with butter on the board in 1506. Located in the Uffizi Gallery, in Florence, in Italy.

"Madonna in Green" (Belvedere Madonna). The pattern is 88 cm. X 113 cm. Made with butter on the board in 1506. Located in the Museum of Art History, Vienna, in Austria.

"Madonna Concreate". A picture of 18 cm in size is 17.5 cm. Made with oil in 1504, translated from wood to canvas. Located in the State Hermitage, in St. Petersburg.

"Madonna in a chair." The pattern is 71 cm in size 71 cm. Made with oil in 1514. Located in Palazzo Pitty, in Florence, in Italy.

"Madonna Granduk." Picture of 55.9 cm in size. X 84.4 cm. Made by oil on the board in 1504. Located in the Palatinsk Gallery of Palazzo Pitti, in Florence.

"Madonna Alba". The picture in the form of a thin-size size of 94.5 cm. X 94.5 cm, was written in 1511, transferred to canvas oil. Located in the National Art Gallery, in Washington, in the USA.

"Madonna Tempi." The pattern is 51 cm. X 75 cm. Made with butter on the board in 1507. Located in the picture gallery "Old Pinakotek", in Munich, in Germany.

Madonna Foligno. Picture of 194 cm. X 320 cm. Made in 1512, transferred to canvas oil. Located in the Vatican Pinakotek.

"Three Graces". The picture is 17 cm. X 17 cm. Made with oil on the board in 1504. Located in the Konde Museum, Chartia, in France.

"Cardinal Bibbiena". A portrait of a size of 76 cm. X 107 cm, written on an oil on the board, approximately in 1516, is located in Palazzo Pitti.

Portrait of Baldassar Castiglion (Count Newilate, Italian Writer) has a size of 67 cm. X 82 cm, made by oil on the board at about 1515, is now in Louvre, in Paris.

"Lady with a unicorn". The female portrait has a size of 61 cm. X 65 cm, made by oil on the board in about 1506, is located in the Borghese Gallery, in Rome.

"Julius II". The portrait of the 216th Pope of the Roman Juliano della Rover has a size of 81 cm. X 108 cm, made by oil on a blackboard in 1511, located in the London National Gallery, in the UK.

"Fornarina". Portrait, presumably depicts a beloved woman of Raphael. Its size is 60 cm. X 85 cm. It was written by oil on the board in 1519. Located in Palazzo Barberini, in Rome.

"Athens School". The fresco size is 770 cm. X 500 cm. Written in 1511 in the village of Della seventies, in the Vatican Palace (Apostolic Palace in the Vatican).

"Parnassus". The fresco is 670 cm. In the width was written in 1511 in the village of Della seventies, in the Vatican Palace.

"Disputes". The fresco of 770 cm. X 500 cm, was written in 1510 in the village of Della seventies.

"Virtue and Law". Fresco 660 cm. In the width is written between 1508 and 1511. In the station della Senyatura.

Italy gave the world a huge number of great artists, architects, graphs. Among them, Raphael Santi shines brightly. The architect known to the modern world, the artist left a rich heritage, surprising and admiring real art connoisseurs.

Biography

Different sources argue about the birth of Raphael on 26 or 28 March 1483. According to others, April 6 is the birthday and death of the artist. Who to believe? Decide yourself. Only the city is known where Rafael Santi was born: Urbino.

Childhood overshadowed the death of Margi Charla, mother of the future artist. Father, Giovanni Santi, had to go beyond his wife in 1894.

The first years of the life of Rafael Santi bright paint left the smears on the consciousness of the guy, his preferences. The cause of such an impact of the surrounding world was the birth in the family of the court artist who was working in Duke Urbinsky. Here the young artist managed to make the first creative steps. The most early work of the master of painting is the fresco "Madonna with a baby", many years stored in the house-museum.

The results of creative surveys, there is little independent search path. Among the first were the works of Rafael Santi for the Sant-Agostino Church, located in Chitta di Castello:

• "Khorugwe with the image of the Holy Trinity" (about 1499-1500)
• the image for the altar "Coronation of St. Nikola from Tolentino "(1500-1501)

1501 The young artist decides to continue studying at Pietro Perugino, who who worked in Perugia. The influence of the master made adjustments to the work of Rafael Santi.

This period of Santi is filled with visits to Urbino, Chitta di Castello, accompaniment of a teacher in Siena.

1504 An acquaintance with Baaldasar Castiglione occurred, after which he was moving to Florence, where Rafael Santi lived for several years. Having become acquainted with Michelangelo, Leonardo da Vinci, other great artists of Italy of this period, Santi meets the technique of recognized geniuses, learns, picking up knowledge and skills as a sponge. The thoughts of the young artist excused studies, work on new pictures.

Drawings of Rafael Santi are not completely absorbed. The second passion was architecture. The artist learned a lot from his mentors, with the joy of shared experiences and knowledge. Achievements of Rafael Santi surprised them.

Later he introduced to Bramte. Gradually faded acquaintances with outstanding people, the architect artist improves the technique, gradually growing popularity.

Months after eleven Santi decides to change the situation, moves to Rome. With the help of Bramte, the young Creator manages to take the place of the official artist Poland Pope Roman.

Artists of Italy did not stop in the same form of art. Perhaps they were pretended to the reality of the postulate: Truly talented people flashed with talents in different spheres. A lot of time Rafael spent, engaged in poetic surveys, creating sonnets dedicated to the beloved.

Biography of Rafael Santi includes marriage. At 31, a famous artist fell in love with the daughter of Pecary, so he offered marriage. The girl agreed, becoming a faithful wife to the very death of the artist.

If you believe researchers, Rafael was interested in the architecture of the past. When excavations in Rome, the researcher's architect has infected with a special type of Roman fever, which caused death on April 6, 1520. The disease fell 37-year-old genius, for the short existence of a bit to leave a deep mark in different art spheres. Rafael's tomb decorated epitaph:

"The Great Rafael rests here, with his life, nature feared to be defeated, and after his death was afraid to die"

Creation

The first work wizard created to order the church in 1499-1501. Perugia actually inspired the young artist to write on religious themes, creating altar paintings, small canvas. But most of all Rafael Santi inspired the image of Madonna.

Pictures with Madonna - the main line of artist's creativity. They are presented at all stages of existence, opening the audience the soul of the Creator. All works, despite the unity of the plot, are individual.

By twenty-biennium, the artist Rafael Santi becomes popular. The young artist is treated for creating saints, such as "St. Ekaterina Alexandria "and others.

Rafael Santi: The most famous pictures

"Sicstinskaya Madonna", combining the unity of the Bench Body, the Holy Spirit, Birth, the atonement of sins.

Rafael Santi - Sicstinskaya Madonna

"Three Graces". Pictures love, beauty and innocence, holding apples Geverside, embodying beauty having the opportunity to save the world.

Rafael Santi - three graces

"Madonna Concatented" is an image filled with tenderness, pure spirituality, lyrics, harmony, love.

Rafael Santi - Madonna Concreate

"Athens School" - a canvas, united images of famous philosophers, teachers of Greek culture. The artist struck the picture of contemporaries and descendants.

Rafael Santi - Athens School

"Self-portrait." Such Rafael saw himself (1506).

Rafael Santi - Self-portrait

"Lady with a unicorn" chas the beauty and miracle of the impassion of spirit, body.

Rafael Santi - a lady with a unicorn

"Transformation". The last masterpiece, unfinished canvas started by the master shortly before death. This picture stood at the head of the genius at the funeral.

Rafael Santi - Transformation

"Beautiful sadman." The enchanting image of Madonna, caring about the world, like a good gardener in the fruit garden.

Rafael Santi - Beautiful Sadman

"Donna Velat." The delicate image of his wife who lived with Raphael to death and left to the monastery to remain a faithful husband.

Rafael Santi - Donna Velat
Rafael Santi - the engagement of the Virgin Mary

"Madonna in a chair", personifying the beauty, purity of the soul, the joy of motherhood.

Rafael Santi - Madonna in a chair
Raphael Santi - Madonna in Green

"Madonna with a veil." Gentle, peaceful image, which indicates family values, which are the main treasures given to the people of the Creator.

Rafael Santi - Madonna with a veil

"Sleep Knight" is an image that encompasses the eternal choice between pleasure and virtue.

Rafael Santi - Knight's sleep

"Madonna Alba", which belongs to the same time to the same name Spanish and embodying the unity of the soul, body and spirit, knowledge about the coming path, readiness to follow him.

Rafael Santi - Madonna Alba Category