Bazhov message. Ural Tales - I

Bazhov Pavel Petrovich (1879-1950), writer, journalist.

Born on January 27, 1879 in the city of Sysertsky Zavod near Yekaterinburg in a family of hereditary workers. He entered the Yekaterinburg Theological School, and then the Perm Seminary, from which he graduated in 1899.

For a decade and a half (until 1917) he taught Russian in Yekaterinburg and Kamyshlov. During these years, the subject of keen interest of the future writer was folk life and culture, folklore of the Urals. The events of the revolution and the Civil War did not leave Bazhov aside: in 1918 he volunteered for the Red Army.

After the end of hostilities, Bazhov turned to journalism. In the 20s. his essays, feuilletons, stories were published in the Yekaterinburg "Krestyanskaya Gazeta" and other Ural periodicals. In 1924, the first book of the writer was published - "Uralskys were", which included essays-memoirs about the pre-revolutionary past of the region.

The main work of Bazhov, which made him a classic of Russian literature - "Malachite Box" - was published only in the year of the 60th anniversary of the author. The first collection under this title (1939) united 14 stories; in the future, the "Malachite Box" was replenished with new works (the last lifetime editions contained about 40 stories).

In 1943, the book received Stalin Prize, and after the war Bazhov became a deputy of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR. In "Malachite Box" the author turned to a peculiar literary form- a tale associated with the traditions of oral folk art... Abounding spoken language and dialect words, using elements of folklore style, the narrator's speech creates the illusion of a confidential oral story.

The book is based on the theme of creative work. Bazhov's heroes are miners ("The Mistress of the Copper Mountain"), coal burners ("Zhivinka in business"), stone cutters (" Stone Flower"," Mining Master "), foundry workers (" Pig-iron Babushka "), chasers (" Ivanko-Krylatko ") - appear as people who are sincerely devoted to their work. They are helped to live not only by their golden hands, but also by a cheerful little life in business, which "runs ahead of skill and pulls a person with it." Juicy and bright color palette, poetic images echoing Russian folklore, melodiousness and cheerful emotional coloring folk speech create unique world Bazhov's tales.

Addressed to readers of various social strata and age categories, "The Malachite Box" became extremely popular - for example, during the Great Patriotic War the book was among the most read. As the newspaper "Pravda" wrote, Bazhov entered the history of Russian literature as a collector of pearls of his native language, a pioneer of precious layers of working folklore - not a textbook smoothed out, but created by life.

Name: Pavel Bazhov

Age: 71 years

Activity: prose writer, folklorist, journalist, publicist

Family status: was married

Pavel Bazhov: biography

Biographers of Pavel Petrovich Bazhov say that this writer had a happy fate. The great storyteller lived a long and peaceful life full of events. The master of the pen took all political upheavals relatively calmly and in those troubled times managed to achieve recognition and fame. For many years, Bazhov was engaged in what he loved - he tried to make reality a fairy tale.

His works are still popular with young people and the older generation. Perhaps there are not many people who have not seen soviet cartoon"Silver Hoof" or have not read the collection of stories "Malachite Box", which includes the tales "Stone Flower", "Sinyushkin Well" and "Dear Name".

Childhood and youth

Pavel Petrovich Bazhov was born on January 15 (27 in a new style) January 1879. Future writer grew up and was brought up in an average family. His father Peter Bazhov (originally the surname was written through the letter "e"), a native of the peasants of the Polevskoy volost, worked at a mining site in the town of Sysert, which in Sverdlovsk region... Later the Bazhovs moved to the village of Polevskoy. The parent of the writer earned his bread by hard work, and agriculture did not work: there were no arable land plots in Sysert. Peter was a hardworking man and a rare specialist in his field, but the bosses did not favor the man, so Bazhov Sr. changed more than one workplace.

The fact is that the head of the family liked to take a sip of a strong drink and often went into binges. But not this bad habit became a stumbling block between the leaders and the subordinates: the tipsy Bazhov did not know how to keep his mouth shut, so he criticized the working elite to smithereens. Later, the "talkative" Peter, who for this reason was nicknamed the Drill, was taken back, because such professionals are worth their weight in gold. True, the factory bosses did not immediately condescend to forgiveness, Bazhov had to beg for a workplace for a long time. At the moments of the helmsmen's thoughts, the Bazhov family was left without a livelihood, the odd earnings of the head of the family and the handicrafts of his wife Augusta Stefanovna (Osintseva) were saved.

The writer's mother came from Polish peasants, led household and raised Paul. IN evening time She was fond of needlework: weaved lace, knitted fishnet stockings and created other cozy things. But because of this painstaking work, which was carried out in the dark, the woman's eyesight deteriorated. By the way, despite the wayward character of Peter, he and his son developed friendly relations... Pavel's grandmother even used to say that his father indulged the child all the time and forgave any leprosy. And Augusta Stefanovna had a completely soft and docile character, so the child was brought up in love and harmony.

Pavel Petrovich Bazhov grew up as a diligent and inquisitive boy. Before moving, he attended a zemstvo school in Sysert, studied perfectly well. Pavel grabbed objects on the fly, be it Russian or mathematics, and every day he made his relatives happy with fives in his diary. Bazhov recalled that thanks to he managed to get a decent education. The future writer took a volume of the great Russian writer in local library on harsh conditions: the librarian jokingly ordered the young man to learn all the works by heart. But Paul took this assignment seriously.

Later it school teacher he told a veterinarian friend about the student as a gifted child from a working-class family, who knows the creations of Alexander Sergeevich by heart. Impressed by the talented young man, the veterinarian gave the boy a start in life and provided poor family decent education. Pavel Bazhov graduated from the Yekaterinburg Theological School, and then entered the Perm Theological Seminary. The young man was asked to continue his studies and receive a church dignity, but the young man did not want to serve in the church, but dreamed of poring over textbooks on the university bench. In addition, Pavel Petrovich was not a religious, but rather a revolutionary-minded person.

But money for further education was not enough. Pyotr Bazhov died of liver disease, he had to be content with the pension of Augusta Stefanovna. Therefore, without receiving a university diploma, Pavel Petrovich worked as a teacher in theological schools of Yekaterinburg and Kamyshlov, taught students Russian language and literature. Bazhov was loved, each of his lectures was perceived as a gift, he read the works of the great classics sensually and with soul. Pavel Petrovich was one of those rare teachers who could interest even an inveterate poor student and a fidget.

The girls in the school had a peculiar custom: they pinned bows made of multi-colored satin ribbons to their favorite teachers. Pavel Petrovich Bazhov had no free space on his jacket, because he had the most "insignia". It is worth saying that Pavel Petrovich participated in political events and took the October Revolution as something due and fundamental. In his opinion, the abdication of the throne and the Bolshevik coup were supposed to end social inequality and provide the country's residents with a happy future.

Until 1917, Pavel Petrovich was a member of the Socialist Revolutionary Party, during the civil war he fought on the side of the Reds, organized an underground and developed a strategy in the event of the fall of Soviet power. Bazhov also held the post of head of the trade union bureau and the department of public education. Later Pavel Petrovich headed editorial activity, published a newspaper. Among other things, the writer organized schools and called for the fight against illiteracy. In 1918, the master of words joined the Communist Party of the Soviet Union.

Literature

As you know, as a student, Pavel Petrovich lived in Yekaterinburg and Perm, where, instead of living nature, there were solid railways, and instead of small houses - stone apartments of several floors. IN cultural cities life was in full swing: people went to theaters and discussed social events at the tables of restaurants, but Pavel loved to return to his native land.

Illustration for the book "Mistress of the Copper Mountain" by Pavel Bazhov

There he got acquainted with semi-mystical folklore: a local old man nicknamed Slyshko ("Glass") - the watchman Vasily Khmelinin - loved to tell folk tales, the main characters of which were mythical characters: Silver Hoof, Mistress of the Copper Mountain, Ognevushka-jump, Blue snake and grandma Sinyushka.

Illustration for the book "Ognevushka-jump" by Pavel Bazhov

Grandfather Vasily Alekseevich explained that all his stories are based on everyday life and describe "an old life." Khmelinin especially emphasized this difference between the Ural tales and tales. Local children and adults listened to every word of Slyshko's grandfather. Among the listeners was Pavel Petrovich, who absorbed the amazingly magical stories of Khmelinin like a sponge.

Illustration for the book "Silver Hoof" by Pavel Bazhov

Since then, his love for folklore: Bazhov carefully kept notebooks, where he collected Ural songs, tales, legends and riddles. In 1931, a conference on the topic of Russian folklore was held in Moscow and Leningrad. As a result of the meeting, the task was set to study modern workers' and collective farm-proletarian folklore, then it was decided to create a collection "Pre-revolutionary folklore in the Urals." Local historian Vladimir Biryukov was supposed to search for materials, but the scientist did not find the necessary sources.

Illustration for the book "The Blue Snake" by Pavel Bazhov

Therefore, the publication was headed by Bazhov. Pavel Petrovich collected folk epics as a writer, not as a scholar-folklorist. Bazhov knew about certification, but he did not carry it out. Also, the master of the pen adhered to the principle: the heroes of his works are natives of Russia or the Urals (even if these assumptions contradicted the facts, the writer rejected everything that was not in favor of his homeland).

Illustration for the book "Malachite Box" by Pavel Bazhov

In 1936 Pavel Petrovich published his first work under the title "Maid of Azovka". Later, in 1939, the collection "The Malachite Box" was published, which, during the author's lifetime, was replenished with new tales from the words of Vasily Khmelinin. But, according to rumors, once Bazhov admitted that he did not rewrite his stories from someone else's lips, but composed them.

Personal life

It is known that for a long time Pavel Petrovich was not involved in relationships with women. The writer was not deprived of the attention of lovely ladies, but at the same time he was not a Don Juan either: Bazhov did not plunge headlong into fleeting passions and novels, but led an ascetic bachelor life. Why until the age of 30 Bazhov remained lonely is difficult to explain. The writer was fond of work and did not want to spray on the young ladies passing by, and also believed in sincere love. However, this is exactly what happened: the 32-year-old folklorist offered his hand and heart to 19-year-old Valentina Aleksandrovna Ivanitskaya, a former student. The serious and educated girl agreed.

It turned out to be a marriage for life, the lovers raised four children (seven were born in the family, but three died in infancy from diseases): Olga, Elena, Alexei and Ariadne. Contemporaries recall that comfort reigned in the house and there were no cases when spouses were burdened by household or other disagreements. It was impossible to hear the name Valya or Valentin from Bazhov, because Pavel Petrovich called his beloved by affectionate nicknames: Valyanushka or Valestenochka. The writer did not like to be late, but even leaving for a meeting in a hurry, he would return to the doorstep if he forgot to kiss his beloved wife goodbye.

Pavel Petrovich and Valentina Alexandrovna lived happily and supported each other. But, like any other mortal, in the life of the writer there were both cloudless and sad days. Bazhov had to endure a terrible grief - the death of a child. Young Alexei died due to an accident at the plant. It is also known that, although Pavel Petrovich was a busy person, he always set aside time for talking with children. It is noteworthy that the father communicated with the offspring as with adults, gave the right to vote and listened to their opinions.

“The ability to know everything about your loved ones was an amazing feature of my father. He was always the most busy, but he had enough mental sensitivity to keep abreast of the worries, joys and griefs of everyone, ”said Ariadna Bazhova in the book“ Through the eyes of a daughter ”.

Death

Shortly before his death, Pavel Petrovich stopped writing and began to give lectures that strengthened the spirit of the people during the Great Patriotic War.

Great writer died in the winter of 1950. The tomb of the creator is located on a hill (central alley) in Yekaterinburg at the Ivanovskoye cemetery.

Bibliography

• 1924 - "Ural were"
• 1926 - For Soviet Truth;
• 1937 - Formation on the Move
• 1939 - The Green Filly
• 1939 - "Malachite Box"
• 1942 - "Key-stone"
• 1943 - "Tales of the Germans"
• 1949 - "Far - close"

Pavel Petrovich Bazhov was born on January 15, 1879 in the family of Pyotr Vasilyevich and Augusta Stefanovna Bazhev (this is how this surname was written then). Petr Bazhev was a foreman of the puddling and welding shop of the Sysertsky metallurgical plant near Yekaterinburg.

The childhood of the future writer was spent in the midst of the Ural "craftsmen". Due to the historical and economic peculiarities of the Urals, the life of the factory settlements was very peculiar. Here, as elsewhere, the workers could hardly make ends meet, they were deprived of rights. But, unlike other industrial regions of the country, the Urals were characterized by significantly lower wages for artisans. Here there was an additional dependence of workers on the enterprise. Free use of land was presented by breeders as compensation for reduced wages. In his first fictional book-cycle of essays "The Urals Were" (1924), dedicated to the depiction of the life and everyday life of Sysert factories in the 80-90s of the last century, Bazhov told about this.
When Pavel Petrovich was a student of a three-year zemstvo men's school, a friend of the Bazhov family, Nikolai Semenovich Smorodintsev, drew attention to the boy's outstanding abilities and advised his parents to continue his education.
But where to teach? There was nothing to even dream of about a gymnasium, a real or a mining school. A working-class family could not even teach an only child there. We stopped at the Yekaterinburg Theological School: it has the lowest tuition fees, no need to buy a uniform, and there are also student apartments rented by the school - these circumstances turned out to be decisive.
Passing perfectly entry exams, Bazhov, again with the assistance of Smorodintsev, was enrolled in the Yekaterinburg Theological School. The assistance of a family friend was needed because the theological school was, after all, not only, so to speak, professional, but also class-based: it trained mainly the ministers of the church, and it was mainly the children of the clergy who studied there.
Having entered the school, Bazhov settled for the first time at Smorodintsev, in the village of the Verkh-Isetsky plant, and went to study in the city.
After graduating from college, 14-year-old Bazhov entered the Perm Theological Seminary. He studied there for six years. It was already the 90s. The social upsurge in the country affected the Bursa as well. Some of the students found their way to socialist circles. The Perm seminarians had their own secret library containing forbidden books. There were also Marxist works. Pavel Bazhov was "in charge" of the library for almost three years. During his seminary years he read the book by F. Engels "The Origin of the Family, Private Property and the State". Bazhov was strongly influenced by the ideas of the historian A.P. Shchapov, whom the young man first met in Yekaterinburg through Smorodintsev.
The years of study at the seminary were for Bazhov a time for further spiritual development... Even at home and at the Yekaterinburg school, his love for fiction... He enjoyed reading the works of N. V. Gogol and L. N. Tolstoy, D. Defoe and M. Twain. At the seminary, attitudes toward literature and writers became more selective. A joyful event for Bazhov was his acquaintance with early works A.P. Chekhov, who became for Pavel Petrovich the most dear writer.
In 1899, Bazhov graduated from the Perm Seminary - third in total points. The time has come to choose the path in life. An offer to enter the Kiev Theological Academy and study there for full content was rejected. He dreamed of a university. However, the way there was closed. First of all, because the ecclesiastical department did not want to lose its "cadres": the choice of higher educational institutions for graduates of the seminary was strictly limited to the Dorpat, Warsaw, and Tomsk universities.
Bazhov decided to teach in primary school in an area inhabited by Old Believers. But the inspector demanded that the pupil of the theological seminary teach not only "secular" subjects, but also the "Law of God." Bazhov could not agree to this. This agreement ruled out the possibility of being close to the local population and influencing them in the spirit of the Shchapov-Kelsiev program. So there was no point in staying here.
Just at this time, a vacancy opened at the Yekaterinburg Theological School. And Bazhov returned there - now as a teacher of the Russian language. Later Bazhov tried to enter Tomsk University, but was not accepted. In Yekaterinburg, Bazhov's connection with his old "senior friend" NS Smorodintsev was renewed.
In 1905, Bazhov was arrested and spent two weeks in prison "for participating in the teachers' union." He was convinced that he worked for the good of the people, and considered himself a revolutionary - "anarcho-populist wing."
In 1907, P. Bazhov transferred to the diocesan (women's) school, where until 1914 he taught classes in the Russian language, and at times in Church Slavonic and algebra. Here he met his future wife, and at that time just his student, Valentina Ivanitskaya, with whom they got married in 1911. The marriage was founded on love and unity of aspiration. The young family lived a more meaningful life than most of Bazhov's colleagues who spent free time behind the cards. The couple read a lot, went to theaters.
Pavel Petrovich's interest in ethnography, local history, and folklore was steady. For a decade and a half, Bazhov during summer holidays walked or rode a bicycle in the Urals, got acquainted with the life and economy of the region, kept folklore and ethnographic records, hoping to interest the Academy of Sciences with them, and, which is especially important, studied the life and moods of workers.
When the first one began World War, the Bazhovs already had two daughters. Due to financial difficulties, the couple moved to Kamyshlov, closer to the relatives of Valentina Alexandrovna. Pavel Petrovich transferred to the Kamyshlov religious school.
In one of the questionnaires, Bazhov reports that he served in the Kamyshlov school until April 1917, and then, on August 23, 1917, he was elected mayor. The writer became a member of the Communist Party on September 1, 1918.
When the civil war began, Bazhov volunteered for the Red Army, edited the newspaper of the political department of the 29th division "Okopnaya Pravda", was the secretary of the party cell of the division headquarters. He retreated with the army units to Perm, where on the night of December 25-26, 1918, he was captured by the White Guards, and then fled east, to the Kolchak rear. Bazhov fought with whites in Siberian partisan units, under the name of Bakheev "performed the work of an underground organizer and a red scout in the area of ​​the city of Ust-Kamenogorsk.
December 15, 1919 with his direct participation partisan unit liberated the city from the White Guards even before the approach of the Red Army and restored Soviet power there. The registration carried out in February 1920 in Ust-Kamenogorsk established that there were only 28 communists in the city. There were very few literate people. Bazhov performed numerous duties. He edited the newspaper Izvestia Urevkoma (" Soviet authority"), supervised public education, was the chairman of the county trade union bureau, was in charge of the information department of the Military Revolutionary Committee.
Somehow it was enough for everything. When direct participation Bazhov, the first national group of teachers - 87 people - was prepared and sent to the auls to teach Kazakhs to read and write on their native language... Bazhov created a 23-member Muslim drama troupe to deploy a national amateur performances... You can't read everything. And it should also be taken into account that every business had to just start. In order, for example, to edit a newspaper, it was necessary to create it, restore the printing house, and for this, with the help of local workers, find and extract newspaper fonts from the Irtysh, which were flooded by the White Guards during the retreat.
In the fall of 1920, Bazhov was elected a member of the Semipalatinsk provincial party committee and moved to Semipalatinsk. He was assigned to lead the provincial council of trade unions. But here, too, he carried out assignments that went beyond the scope of the post. In the period from 1923 to 1929, Pavel Petrovich worked in Sverdlovsk, in the editorial office of the "Krestyanskaya Gazeta".
Bazhov's path as a writer began relatively late: the first book of essays "The Urals were" was published in 1924. Only in 1939 were his most significant works published - the collection of tales "The Malachite Box", which received the USSR State Prize in 1943, and autobiographical tale about childhood "Green filly". In the future, Bazhov replenishes the "Malachite Box" with new tales: "Key-stone" (1942), "Tales about the Germans" (1943), "Tales about the gunsmiths" and others. His later works can be defined as "tales" not only because of their formal genre features(the presence of a fictional narrator with an individual speech characteristic), but also because they go back to the Ural "secret tales" - oral legends of miners and prospectors, characterized by a combination of real-life and fairy elements.
Bazhov's tales absorbed plot motives, fantastic images, color, the language of folk legends and their folk wisdom... However, the author is not just a folklorist-processor, he is an independent artist, using an excellent knowledge of the Ural miners' life and oral creativity for the embodiment of philosophical and ethical ideas. Talking about the art of the Ural craftsmen, about the talent of the Russian worker, reflecting the colorfulness and originality of the old mining and factory life and characteristic social contradictions, Bazhov at the same time puts in tales general issues- about true morality, oh spiritual beauty and the dignity of a working person, about the aesthetic and psychological laws of creativity. Fantastic characters of fairy tales personify the elemental forces of nature, which entrusts its secrets only to the brave, hardworking and pure soul. Bazhov managed to give his fantastic characters (the Mistress of the Copper Mountain, the Great Snake, Ognevushka-Poskakushka, etc.) an extraordinary poetry and endowed them with a subtle and complex psychology.
Tales of Pavel Petrovich - an example of masterful use folk language... With care and creativity at the same time expressive possibilities folk word, Bazhov avoided abuse of local phrases and pseudo-folk "playing with phonetic illiteracy" (the expression of the writer himself). Based on his tales, the film "Stone Flower" (1946), ballet by S.S. Prokofiev's "The Tale of the Stone Flower" (staged in 1954), opera by K.V. Molchanov's "The Tale of the Stone Flower" (staged in 1950), the symphonic poem by A. A. Muravlev "Mountain Azov" (1949), etc.
Pavel Petrovich Bazhov died on December 3, 1950 in Moscow and was buried in his homeland in Sverdlovsk.

Bazhov Pavel Petrovich was born in 1879, on January 27. This Russian writer, the famous storyteller, prose writer, processor of legends, traditions, Ural tales, died in 1950, on December 3.

Origin

Pavel Petrovich Bazhov was born, whose biography is presented in our article, in the Urals, near Yekaterinburg, in the family of Augusta Stefanovna and Pyotr Vasilyevich Bazhev (this surname was written that way then). His father was a hereditary foreman at the Sysert plant.

The surname of the writer comes from the word "bazhit", which means "to foretell", "to enchant". Even the street boy's nickname for Bazhov was Koldunkov. Later, when he began to publish, he also signed himself with this pseudonym.

Formation of the talent of the future writer

Bazhev Petr Vasilyevich worked as a foreman at the Sysert plant, in the puddling and welding shop. The mother of the future writer was a good lacemaker. This was a great help for the family, especially when the husband was temporarily unemployed.

The future writer lived among the miners of the Urals. Childhood impressions were the most vivid and important for him.

Bazhov loved to listen to the stories of experienced people. Sysert old men - Ivan Petrovich Korob and Aleksey Efimovich Klyukva were good storytellers. But he surpassed everyone the future writer knew, Vasily Alekseevich Khmelinin, a Polevska miner.

Childhood and adolescence

The future writer spent this period of his life at the Polevskoy plant and in the town of Sysert. His family moved frequently, as Pavel's father worked at one plant, then at another. This allowed young Bazhov to get to know well the life of the mountain district, which he subsequently reflected in his work.

The future writer got the opportunity to learn thanks to his ability and chance. At first, he attended a three-year male zemstvo school, where a talented teacher of literature worked, who knew how to captivate children with literature. Pavel Petrovich Bazhov also loved to listen to him. The biography of the writer has developed largely under the influence of this talented person.

Everyone assured the Bazhevs family that it was necessary to continue the education of their gifted son, but poverty did not allow them to dream of a real school or gymnasium. As a result, the choice fell on the Yekaterinburg Theological School, since there the tuition fee was the lowest, and there was no need to buy a uniform. This institution was intended mainly for the children of nobles, and only the assistance of a family friend allowed Pavel Petrovich to be accommodated in it.

At the age of 14, after graduating from college, Pavel Petrovich Bazhov enters the Perm Theological Seminary, where he comprehends various fields of knowledge for 6 years. Here he became acquainted with modern and classical literature.

Work as a teacher

In 1899, the training was completed. After that, Pavel Petrovich Bazhov worked as a teacher in an elementary school in an area populated by Old Believers. He began his career in a remote village near Nevyansk, after which he continued his activities in Kamyshlov and Yekaterinburg. The future writer taught Russian. He traveled a lot in the Urals, was interested in local history, folklore, ethnography, journalism.

Pavel Bazhov for 15 years during school holidays every year I traveled on foot native land, talked with workers, looked closely at the life around, wrote down stories, conversations, collected folklore, learned about the work of stone cutters, cutters, foundry workers, steel makers, gunsmiths and other craftsmen of the Urals. In the future, this helped him in his career as a journalist, and then in writing, which began later Pavel Bazhov (his photo is presented below).

When, after a while, a vacancy opened at the Yekaterinburg Theological School, Bazhov returned to his native walls of this institution as a teacher.

Family of Pavel Petrovich Bazhov

In 1907, the future writer began to work at the diocesan school, where he taught Russian language lessons until 1914. Here he met his future wife, Valentina Ivanitskaya. She was at that time a student of this educational institution... In 1911, Valentina Ivanitskaya and Pavel Bazhov got married. They often visited the theater, read a lot. Seven children were born in the family of the writer.

During the outbreak of the First World War, two daughters were already growing - the children of Pavel Petrovich Bazhov. The family, due to material difficulties, was forced to move to Kamyshlov, where Valentina's relatives lived. Pavel Bazhov began to work at the Kamyshlov religious school.

Creating stories

In 1918-1921 Bazhov took part in the Civil War in Siberia, the Urals, Altai. In 1923-1929 he lived in Sverdlovsk, where he worked in the "Krestyanskaya Gazeta". At this time, the writer created more than forty stories dedicated to the factory Ural folklore. Since 1930, work began in the book publishing house of Sverdlovsk. The writer was expelled from the party in 1937 (reinstated a year later). Having lost his job at the publishing house because of this incident, he decided to devote his free time to tales, which, like the Ural gems, "flickered" in his "Malachite Box". In 1939, this most famous work author, which is a collection of fairy tales. For the "Malachite Box" the writer was awarded the State Prize of the USSR. Bazhov later replenished this book with new tales.

Bazhov's path of writing

The writing path of this author began relatively late. His first book "The Ural were" appeared in 1924. The most significant stories by Pavel Bazhov were published only in 1939. This is the aforementioned collection of tales, as well as "The Green Filly" - an autobiographical story about childhood.

The "Malachite Box" later included new works: "Tales of the Germans" (written in 1943), "Key-stone", created in 1942, "Tales of the gunsmiths", as well as other creations of Bazhov. The author's later works can be called the term "tales" not only because of the formal features of the genre (the presence in the narrative of a fictional narrator who possesses individual characteristic speeches), but also because they go back to the secret tales of the Urals - the oral legends of miners and miners, which are distinguished by a combination of fabulous and real-life elements.

Features of Bazhov's tales

The writer considered the creation of stories to be the main business of his entire life. In addition, he was engaged in editing almanacs and books, including those devoted to the Ural local history.

Initially, folk tales processed by Bazhov are folklore. "Secret Tales" he heard as a boy from Khmelinin. This man became the prototype of Slyshko's grandfather - the narrator from the work "The Malachite Box". Bazhov later had to declare officially that this was just a technique, and he did not just record other people's stories, but created his own based on them.

The term "skaz" later entered the folklore studies of the Soviet era to define workers' prose. However, after a while it was established that this concept does not mean a new phenomenon in folklore: tales in fact turned out to be memories, legends, traditions, fairy tales, that is, genres that had existed for a long time.

Calling his works with this term, Pavel Petrovich Bazhov, whose tales were associated with folklore tradition, took into account not only the tradition of this genre, which implies the obligatory presence of a storyteller, but also the existence of oral ancient legends of the miners of the Urals. From data folklore works he adopted the main feature of his creations - mixing in the narration of fairy-tale images.

Fantastic heroes of fairy tales

The main theme of Bazhov's tales is a simple man, his skill, talent and work. Communication with the secret foundations of our life, with nature, is carried out with the help of powerful representatives of the mountain magic world. Perhaps the most striking among the characters of this kind is the Mistress of the Copper Mountain, whom Stepan met - the hero of the "Malachite Box". She helps Danila - the character of a tale called "The Stone Flower" - to reveal his talent. And after he refuses to make the Stone Flower on his own, he is disappointed in him.

In addition to this character, the Great Snake, who is responsible for gold, is interesting. His image was created by the writer on the basis of the ancient superstitions of the Khanty and Mansi, as well as the Ural legends, will accept the miners and mountaineers.

Grandma Sinyushka, another heroine of Bazhov's tales, is a character who is related to the famous Baba Yaga.

The connection between gold and fire is represented by the Jumping Fire, who dances over the gold mine.

So, we met such an original writer as Pavel Bazhov. The article presented only the main milestones of his biography and the most famous works. If you are interested in the personality and work of this author, you can continue your acquaintance with him by reading the memoirs of Pavel Petrovich's daughter - Ariadna Pavlovna.

It is a collection of ancient legends that circulated among the miners.

P. P. Bazhov

The writer was born in the Urals - in the city of Sysert. His father was a mining foreman. The future writer, journalist, publicist and folklorist graduated from the factory school in Sysert. From 10 to 14 years old, the boy studied at a theological school in Yekaterinburg. Then he graduated from the seminary in Perm. After graduation, he taught Russian. During my summer vacation I traveled around the Urals and collected folklore.

P. P. Bazhov began to write " Ural Tales"In the 1930s. At first they were published in a magazine. Then came a collection of Ural tales, which was called "Malachite Box". It was published in 1939. The author has supplemented the book many times.

In 1943, Pavel Petrovich received the Stalin Prize for his work.

"Ural Tales"

Bazhov P. "Uralskie skazy" collected, as mentioned above, throughout the Urals. He heard many of them from miners as a child. After some time, Pavel Petrovich made an official statement that he had composed the "Ural Tales" himself. The works are combined into groups that are related to each other common characters... P. Bazhov thought of such a move in order to give his book more integrity. Many tales are linked by the scene of the action.

The most important wonderful character in P. Bazhov's tales is the Mistress of Copper Mountain. She guards the treasure. The hostess is unusually beautiful and possesses magical abilities... Only talented stone craftsmen were allowed to descend into her domain. She could help, or she could ruin.

List of tales included in the collection

The book "Ural Tales" by P. P. Bazhov includes the following works:

• "Mining Master".
• "Vasina Gora".
• "Pig-iron grandmother".
• "Snake trail".
• "A present of the old mountains."
• "Diamond Match".
• "The Amethyst Business".
• "Two lizards".
• Golden Hair.
• "Sun Stone".
• "Copper share".
• "Silk Hill".
• "Blue Snake".
• "Mistress of the Copper Mountain".
• "About the Great Snake".
• "Tayutkino's Mirror".
• "Distant Viewer".
• "Crystal lacquer".
• "The inscription on the stone."
• "Markov Stone".
• "Golden Blossom of the Mountain".
• "Mysterious Tulunkin".
• "Near the old mine."
• Ore Pass.

And many others.

"Mistress of the Copper Mountain"

This is one of the most significant, well-known and beloved by readers of the works of the book "Ural Tales". We propose to look at the contents of this work in a summary below.

A young worker named Stepan once saw a girl in the forest - a beautiful girl with a long braid and wearing malachite clothes. He understood that this was the Mistress of the Copper Mountain herself. The girl told him that she had something to do with him. You need to go to the factory clerk and tell him to get out of the Krasnogorsk mine. The Mistress promised Stepan that she would marry him if he fulfilled her order. Then she turned into a lizard and ran away. In the morning, Stepan went to the bailiff, but conveyed everything that was ordered. For this they whipped him, lowered him uphill, and chained him. At the same time, they ordered to extract a lot of malachite. The Hostess helped Stepan because she was not afraid to fulfill her order. He got a lot of malachite. The Mistress showed him her dowry. And then she began to ask if he agreed to marry her. Stepan thought, and he said that he already had a bride. The Mistress praised him for not coveting her riches. She presented Stepan with a jewelry box for his bride. And then she said that he would begin to live richly, only he had to forget her. Soon he got married, built a house, the kids went. But he was not happy. Stepan began to go hunting in the forest and every time he looked at the Krasnogorsk mine. Stepan could not forget the Mistress. Once he went into the forest and did not return - they found him dead.

"Malachite Box"

Another very famous work cycle "Ural Tales". Summary The "Malachite Box" is presented in this article. This tale is a continuation of the story about the Mistress of the Copper Mountain. Stepan died, and the malachite box remained with his widow Nastasya. Jewelry was kept in it, donated by the Mistress. Only Nastasya did not wear them and wanted to sell them. There were many who wanted to buy the box. Yes, only the price was low. There was another reason why she kept the box with her. The youngest daughter, Tatiana, was very fond of these jewelry. Tanyusha grew up and, thanks to the wanderer who asked to spend the night in their house, learned to embroider with silk and beads. And she was such a skilled worker that she began to earn a lot of money. Soon the master saw the girl and was so impressed by her beauty that he invited her to become his wife. She agreed, but made a condition that he would marry him if he showed her the queen in a room made of malachite by her father. The master promised to fulfill her wish. Once in the queen's malachite chamber, the girl leaned against the wall and melted. Since then, no one has heard anything about her, only they began to notice that the Mistress of the Copper Mountain began to double.

"Stone Flower"

This work is the last of the cycle about the Mistress of the Copper Mountain, which was created by Pavel Bazhov. The Ural Tales, as you know, include several stories about this amazing beauty. "Stone Flower" is a story about an orphan Danilka, who at the age of 12 became a student of a malachite master. The boy was talented and the teacher liked him. When Danila grew up, he became wonderful master... He had a dream. He wanted to create a malachite bowl, similar to a flower. I even found a suitable stone. But he couldn't manage to carve a beautiful flower. Once he met the Mistress of the Copper Mountain herself. He asked her to show him her stone flower. The Mistress dissuaded him from this, but he insisted. He saw the flower of the Mistress of the Copper Mountain and since then has completely lost his peace. Then he broke his unfinished bowl and left. They did not see him again, but rumors went that he was serving with the Mistress of the Copper Mountain.

"Silver Hoof"

P. P. Bazhov wrote "The Ural Tales" for children, but they are also interesting for adults. One of the stories that readers of all ages love is Silver Hoof. Lonely old man Kokovanya took in an orphan. Grandfather worked every day, and the granddaughter put things in order in the hut, cooked. In the evenings, Kokovanya told the girl fairy tales. And once he told her about a magic goat with a silver hoof, with which he knocks, and precious stones appear in that place. Once the girl was waiting for her grandfather from a hunt and saw through the window that the cat was playing with the same goat from the fairy tale. She ran out to look at him. And the goat jumped on the roof, began to beat with a hoof and precious stones fell from under his feet. Grandfather and granddaughter collected them and lived comfortably for the rest of their lives.

"Sinyushkin well"

The book "Ural Tales" includes a story about a good fellow Ilya. He was left an orphan early. He inherited only a sieve full of feathers from Lukerya's grandmother, who instructed her grandson not to chase after riches. Once Ilya decided to go to the mine by a short road. And this path lay through the swamp. Ilya wanted to drink. He looks, and in the swamp there is a plot with clean water like a well. He decided to drink this water, lay down on the ground, and from the water Sinyushka held out her hands to him. He managed to cope with her charms, he stood up and spat on her hand. And she began to tease him that he would not be able to drink water from her well. Ilya Sinyushka promised that he would return, and left.

The fellow fulfilled his promise. Ilya returned, tied the ladle to the perch and scooped water from the well with it. Sinyushka was amazed at his ingenuity and promised to show her riches. Ilya came to the well again. And the girls come up to him with trays full of jewelry. He remembered that his grandmother was punishing, and began to refuse everything. An eighteen-year-old beauty with a sieve in which berries and feathers came up to him. Ilya realized that this is Sinyushka. He took the sieve from her hands. When I came home, the berries turned into gems. Ilya began to live richly, but he could not forget Sinyushka. Once he met a girl who looked very much like her, and he married her.

This tale is that the main wealth in life is not gold and gems. Sinyushkin well is a test that can only be passed by those who do not envy, are not greedy and remember the advice.

"Firefighter-jump"

The book written by P. Bazhov - "Ural Tales" - includes a story about a gold mine. Once the peasants were sitting by the fire, and with them was the boy Fedyunka. And suddenly they saw a red-haired girl who jumped out of the fire. She danced, and then stopped near a pine tree and stamped her foot. According to legend, this is how she indicated the place where you need to look for gold. Only she deceived this time - there was nothing under the pine tree. Soon Fedyunka saw Poskakushka again. This time she pointed out the right place for him. The boy found gold and lived comfortably for 5 years. The people heard about that, and everyone rushed to that mine for gold. We went there from all sides. Yes, only the gold was lost there because of this.