What is appreciated in the people of Tolstoy in the novel is war and peace? Tolstoy's criteria in assessing a person: spiritual growth and justice
In the epic novel War and Peace, Tolstoy depicts a huge period of Russian life and expounds his philosophical views. One of the most important problems of the novel is the question of a person's place in society, the meaning of his life. Revealing this problem, Tolstoy pays serious attention to the inner world of a person, the formation of his moral positions. The spiritual beauty of the author's favorite heroes is manifested in the inner struggle of thoughts and feelings, in the tireless search for the meaning of life. For Tolstoy, moral traits are not originally given. The author believes that “in order to live honestly, one must struggle, get confused, struggle and make mistakes, start and quit and start again, and again quit, and always struggle and rush. And calmness is a meanness of the soul ”. Each of Tolstoy's favorite heroes forms his own moral character. His life path is the path of passionate searches leading to truth and goodness.
According to the author, many features of the future personality are already laid down in the family, which is why he pays so much attention to portraying the families of the Rostovs, Bolkonsky, Kuragin. Tolstoy draws the Rostov family with great sympathy. He likes their attraction to the Russian people, contempt for predation and careerism. The simplicity, wide hospitality, lack of petty prudence, generosity of the Rostovs make this family very attractive. All the best features of this family were embodied in Natasha Rostova. The author especially appreciates the naturalness, spontaneity in it, the desire to live fully and interestingly. The wealth of her nature is manifested in the ability to understand, to come to the rescue. Natasha is a sensitive person, she has a subtle intuition. She lives not with her mind, but with her heart, and this helps her to find deep spiritual connections with the world. All of Tolstoy's favorite heroes strive to find harmony with the world. But if Natasha achieves this naturally, thanks to the completeness of her nature, then Prince Andrew and Pierre go through a series of serious trials and disappointments.
The most significant test for all heroes was the war of 1812. It is in this critical situation that the best qualities of Tolstoy's heroes are most clearly manifested. Seized by a sense of deep patriotism, Prince Andrey sacrifices his career, leaves the headquarters in order to honestly fulfill his military duty. On the eve of the Battle of Borodino, he says to Pierre: “Believe me that if everything depended on the orders of the headquarters, I would have been there ... and instead I have the honor to serve here in the regiment ... and I think that tomorrow will really depend on us, and not from them. " Both Pierre and Prince Andrew understand that the people are performing a great feat in the struggle against Napoleon's army. Both of them strive to be involved in this feat, to participate in the Battle of Borodino, but not for the sake of “their Toulon”, but sharing the fate of Russia. It was this battle that played a decisive role in shaping the moral character of the heroes. On the battlefield, Pierre felt for the first time his spiritual unity with the people. “The latent warmth of patriotism”, “the general spirit of the army” united the “young officer”, and Pierre, and the “red-faced” soldier. It was this spiritual unity during the battle that allowed Tolstoy to assert that the Russian army won a moral victory on the Borodino field, one that "convinces the enemy of the moral superiority of its enemy and of its powerlessness." Having experienced spiritual unity with the people, Pierre seeks to get closer to them, he decides: "Be a soldier, just a soldier!" After the battle of Borodino and a mortal wound, Andrei Bolkonsky rises to understand the meaning of Christian love: “Compassion, love for brothers, for lovers, love for enemies - yes, that love that God preached on earth, which Princess Marya taught me and which I did not understand … Here it is that which still remained for me if I was alive ”. The idea of Christian love underlies the image of Platon Karataev. The author writes: "He loved and lived lovingly with everyone with which life brought him, and especially with a person." Communication with Platon Karataev taught Pierre to appreciate the simplicity and naturalness of folk life. Simplicity is submission to God; you can't get away from him. Unlike Platon Karataev, whose personality has dissolved in the folk environment, Pierre retains his individuality, he seeks to “unite the meaning of everything in his soul,” and this helps him to find harmony with the world.
Natasha also finds harmony in her proximity to the Russian people, she loves folk songs, customs, music. Emphasizing the heroine's spiritual connection with the people, Tolstoy writes that she "knew how to understand everything that was in Anisya, and in Anisya's father, and in her aunt, and in her mother, and in every Russian person." He connects the richness of the inner world of his heroes beloved by Tolstoy with their attitude to their native nature. Before the Battle of Borodino, Prince Andrei recalls how Natasha tried to convey to him “that passionate and poetic feeling” that she experienced when she got lost in the forest and met an old bee-keeper there. “This old man was such a charm,” says Natasha, “and it’s so dark in the forest… and he’s so kind… no, I don’t know how to tell”. Spiritual beauty, a sense of harmony with the world are the result of the constant inner development of these people. The author seeks to show the subtlest nuances of the spiritual life of the heroes, to reproduce "the mental process itself" of their moral improvement. Various impressions are constantly accumulating in the souls of the heroes, which then lead to drastic changes in their spiritual development.
Interestingly, none of the characters morally alien to Tolstoy is shown in development. The inner world of these people is very poor, and the author does not consider it necessary to reproduce it. Thus, for Tolstoy, the moral value of a person is determined by his ability for a great spiritual life.
Every writer, creator is, first of all, a person. Of course, he has his own passions, his views on life, principles. Therefore, the heroes created by him for him, like living people, are also divided, as for us, readers, into loved ones - that is, into those who share his thoughts, and into strangers. And the point is not only that there are the main heroes, a lot of space is allocated to them, a lot of attention is paid on the pages of the work, and the secondary ones. So it is in Leo Tolstoy's novel War and Peace. I believe that both Captain Tushin and Timokhin, although they participate only in certain episodes, are also "from Tolstoy's camp." The author treats them with respect and sympathy, because, in his opinion, they constitute the best part of the Russian people.
LN Tolstoy embodies his understanding of the essence of man in the fates of the heroes of the work. Let us recall the noble, intelligent and handsome in deeds and aspirations Andrei Bolkonsky. After many ups and downs and catastrophic disappointments, he longs not for fame, but for a socially useful cause: "It is necessary that everyone knows me, so that my life goes not only for me alone, so that they do not live independently of my life, so that it is reflected on everyone and they all lived with me. " We see his arrogance in the saloons of the capital and beauty and concrete help in the smoke and gunpowder of Schengraben when Captain Tushin's battery is evacuated, we feel his personal high impulse, "his Toulon" during the Battle of Austerlitz and pride because he "serves here in the regiment "and not sitting in the headquarters. On the Borodino field, he is united with soldiers and officers by a sad, tragic feeling of loss and at the same time anger at the enemy who invaded his homeland. With what bitterness he speaks of the death of his father, the ruin of the estate - he speaks in Russian, in the same words as an ordinary Russian soldier: "I am Smolensk." Always attaching great importance to military strategy and tactics, before the Battle of Borodino, he prioritizes the feeling of offended pride of a patriot, discarding general phrases and speaking about the meaning of the word "Motherland" specific to each person: "... I have a father, sister and son in Bald Mountains ". It is this understanding of one's unity with the people that fills the life of Prince Andrei with new content in a hard time.
Let us recall Pierre Bezukhov with his reflections: "What is bad? What is good? What must you love, what must you hate? Why live and what am I? What is life, what is death? What power rules everything?" Such awkward, in many ways naive, he becomes strong when he needs to protect a friend, when he realizes himself as a "Russian Bezukhov" - the winner of Napoleon, when he tackles important problems - how to improve life in the whole country. Natasha Rostova, with her lively, emotional face that shines with a happy smile from love for people and the world. This face is distorted with rage and anger when she sees how many inhabitants of the capital, taking things away, abandon their relatives in Moscow. Thanks to her perseverance, almost all of the Rostovs' carts were given to the wounded soldiers and officers. The mercy of a Russian woman is embodied in this act, in her desperate cry-impulse: "Are we what Germans are?" In the last pages of the novel, Tolstoy portrays Natasha as a happy wife and mother. From the point of view of the author, a happy family life is the ideal of the existence of a man and a woman. But we see the happiness of Natasha and Pierre not only in the prosperity and comfort of the house, in the warmth of the family hearth, but above all in the understanding of each other, in the fact that Natasha lived "every minute of her husband's life."
Tolstoy's heroes live, develop, respond to events, strive for self-improvement, good for people. They live the life of their Fatherland in important moments for her. They are really favorite heroes of Tolstoy, who believes: "To live honestly, you have to torn, get confused, fight, make mistakes, start and quit, and start again, and quit again, and always fight and rush. And calmness is spiritual meanness."
Compare with them the beautiful, loose Helene with her mask on her face - an expression that she copies from the face of distinguished persons, boring Julie Karagina, who, like fashion in a certain period, changes her mood and language and sets the networks of "Penza forests and Nizhny Novgorod estates" into beautiful suitors. And what about Berg, who builds his life in someone's image and likeness, down to a napkin on a table and a bowl of cookies, and buying "a wardrobe and a toilet during the general retreat from Moscow!" And Boris Drubetskoy, climbing up the steps of profitable acquaintances and patronage, not even disdaining to marry his cute Julie ("I can always get settled in order to see her less often"). Even the announcement of the French attack, he perceives not as overwhelming news, offensive and bitter for a real citizen, but as an opportunity to show others that he was the first to know about something.
Their way of life is a waste of time, and therefore there is no point in mentioning them in the epilogue, because what could have seriously changed in the life of these static mannequins of high society! Only Anatoly Kuragin, who did not even remember where he served, appears to be living only for today, will change fate, cleansing by participation in the Battle of Borodino and severe injury. What was the reason for their static nature, the stereotyped nature of their life, which does not arouse the interest of the reader? Let's turn to one more character, much more attractive and emotional, we will go through the stages of his life. Nikolai Rostov is talented and lively, in his own way very decent, because he cannot break his word given to Sonya, he considers it his duty to pay his father's debts. At the call of romance, he leaves the university and goes to war as an ordinary cadet, scornfully discarding letters of recommendation. He bully the "staff" Bolkonsky, although he realizes that he would very much like to have him as my friend.
But he will get scared at Schöngraben, run like a hare, ask to sit on the gun carriage with a slight wound. He does not understand the feat of Raevsky, who went ahead of the army with his teenage sons in order to raise the spirit of the army. Going to defend the innocently injured comrade, he will not complete the matter, because he will fall into the atmosphere of fanatical deification of the emperor and will lose time in the crowd at a solemn meeting. By the way, Leo Tolstoy did not find a place for Nikolai Rostov on the Borodino field - it was at this time that he was engaged in horses and a buffet table in the rear. In difficult times, he will help Princess Marya, then, having fallen in love with her, he will become her husband, will work a lot on the estate, raising it after the devastation, but he will not be able to fully understand his wife and will not love children like Pierre. And the author will not give him such family happiness as that of Natasha and Pierre.
Since 1812, many nobles and officers began to treat their serfs in a new way, because together with them, privates, partisans and militias, they defeated the enemy. And Nikolai, annoyed by household chores, beats his serf so that he breaks a stone on a ring. It may well be that he beats the one who went with him to defend Russia. Many of the former officers thought about changing the state system, because "theft in the courts, in the army there is only one stick: shagistika, settlements, people are tortured, education is being strangled. What is young, honestly, is ruined!" Next to them are the future heroes of the Senate Square - Pierre, Nikolinka Bolkonsky. Vasily Denisov sympathizes with them and, probably, will join.
Nikolai Rostov does not doubt their decency, he could also go with them, but he takes the opposite side. According to Nikolai Rostov, nothing can be changed if there are government directives, there is no need to even think about it. He had this from his youth: to cut himself off and not think, that's all! Therefore, he can, mindlessly following Arakcheev's order, "go with a squadron and cut" against relatives and friends ...
According to Leo Tolstoy, it is the intense work of thought and heart that is the main sign of personality, the essence of a person. So, thought, the search for the meaning of being, one's place in life, a lot of work on improving one's own personality - this is what the core of a real person is made of, this is what Leo Tolstoy values and respects in people. This is what the author and his favorite characters bequeathed to us - the mysterious path to real human happiness.
Re-clear-ness.
Com-men-ta-rii to so-chi-no-no-yam
2.1. How-to-you moral-ny lessons of unsuccessful-but-ho-yes Prince Igor? (According to the "Word about the regiment of Igo-re-ve".)
The main thought of the Lay ... is the thought of the unity of the Russian land. The author is referring to Igor's way of doing things in order to passionately, to protect this thought. The look of the av-to-ra vy-ra-za-em is above all the in-te-re-sy of Ro-di-ny as a whole, and not the honor of the princes. Since, in a wake-up-de-no-em, Igor was protected by Ro-di-ny, in a way, the prince showed mu-wickedness, loyalty to his brother in captivity, the author of "The Lay of the Regiment of Igo-re-ve" glorifies the prince, although he does not greet his campaign. The prince is a man of his era. Attracted by the qualities of his personality, they come into opposition with irregularity and ego-ism, since the prince cares about his honor more than about the honor of the ro-deen. That's why, don't look at the vi-di-my personal sim-pa-tia to Prince Igor, the author nevertheless pod-cher-ki-wa-et in the hero is not in-di-vi -du-al-noe, but the common thing is that he is related to others like princes like him, sa-mo-l-bie and not-far-but-kind -the ness of which-ryh-whether to inter-to-a-common-fight-to-be, raz-to-ram, and in the end to the end of the unity of Russia as a su-dar-stva.
2.2. In what does V.V. Ma-ya-kov-sky see the pre-knowledge of the poet?
In Ma-ya-kov-sko-go in the sti-ho-tv-re-ny "Unusual tea-add-on ..." the theme of two suns sounds-chit - the sun of light and the sun -tsa in e-sion, to-the paradise-time-wee-wa-a-Xia in the pro-from-ve-de-Britain and the distance-she, on the ho-AH very point-ing and meth-something in-flatness in the po-e-t-ch-c-ra-ze "two-barrels of the suns", from one-st-la to-that-swarm-va - there are sheaves of light, and from the other - light by e-zii. Before the power of this weapon, the "wall of shadows, prison nights" falls down. The poet and the sun are acting together, changing, each arc. The poet says that when “no mouth” and wants to “lie down” the Sun, then he “in all the light can be able to - and again the day is ringing nit-sya ".
For a hundred-faith-no-sti, the poet na-zy-wa-et a specific place of action. The sun in the sti-ho-to-re-nii is the poet's form of the poet ("Nas, to-var-rish, two") ... The poet pri-z-va-et "Light up everywhere, light everywhere ...", seeing in this the main pre-meaning of the poet. So, by-e-ziya is needed, moreover, it is simply not-about-ho-di-ma to people, like the sun. And here it is not a coincidence, but a comparison of one-on-one in-e-zii with the light, which-swarm from-for-was considered a sim-in -lom of life on earth, without something-ro-th there would be no heat, no light. Poems warm the soul of every person, filling it with the eternal fire of life, making it aware of oneself not -my part of the huge world.
2.3. The meaning of the name of the ro-ma-na A. S. Push-ki-na "Ka-pi-tan daughter".
In the very name "Ka-pi-tan-daughter" contains the unity of two worlds: private and general. Po-vest-vo-va-nie ob-le-che-but in the form of "family-of-family for-pi-juice". The name of ro-ma-na pod-cher-ki-va-et is an oblique relation of the central ge-ros to the is-to-rii: Masha - ka-pi-tan's daughter, Gri-ne-va - two-ryan's son. All pro-out-going events are evaluated, first of all, from a moral, human point of view, that very important for the self-go-to-ra. The name is closely related to the image of Masha Mi-ro-no-howl. In the pro-of-ve-de-nii, faith in a person, in the unconditional value of his feelings, in something good, honestly -sti, blah-kinship. All these qualities are in-flat in the form of simple de-vush-ki - do-che-ri ka-pi-ta-na Mi-ro-no-va.
2.4. What does L. H. Tolstoy most appreciate in man? (For example, 1-2 pro-of-ve-de-nii according to the choice of the student.)
In the pro-of-ve-de-ni-yakhs of Russian pi-sa-te-lei, you can find answers to the most lively questions. In-pro-sy, to which-rye can not be answered by any science, in-about-the-matter of the human , mo-ra-whether, morality-no-sti. Namely-but-this-mu li-te-ra-tu-ra is a special art.
In rass-ska-ze L. Tol-one "After the ball" pi-sa-tel for-start-la-et chi-ta-te-lei for-do-mother-Xia over such temper -stven-ny-mi ka-te-go-ri-i-mi, as honor, duty, conscience, which at all times-me-na de-la-li is the answer nym man for everything that comes out with him and with society. To these ras-mice-le-ni-pits we are accompanied by the com-on-position of the race -nii kartin ball and na-ka-za-za run-lo-go sol-da-ta, pe-re-data through vos-pri-i-ty young-lo-to-lo -ve-ka Ivan Va-si-le-vi-cha. It is precisely for him to understand, "what is good, what is bad," to give an assessment to the see-den-no, and to make a choice of his farther fate ...
For the first time in his life, a gor-ry-chiy, impressive young man collided with the same non-fairness, with the same -we-th-ve-th-th-th-th-th-th-th-th-th-th-th-th-th-th-th-th-th-th -ststva, pro-manifested-ny-mi even not in relation to him. He saw that the terrible rac-right-va over the man-ve-who-was-was usually ry himself not long ago at the ball was kind, cheerful.
Horror entered the living soul of the young man from seeing it, he "was so shamelessly ashamed" that he "dropped his eyes" home". Why didn’t he interfere with the pro-out-going, didn’t take out his don’t-do-va-nie, didn’t ob-v-nil in the same -bones and no-souls half-kov-no-ka? In-faith, in the way, that such a terrible scene, the first time I saw it, just mischief-lo-mi-la mo-lo-do-go man -ka, and also the confusion-la that sincerity-ness, with which the swarm behaved at the same time at the same time. “Obviously, he knows something that I don’t know,” Ivan Vas-si-le-vich, raz-do-we-val. - If I knew what he knows, I would not be small and what I saw, and it would not mu-ch-lo me. From ras-ska-z we learn that Ivan Vas-si-le-vi-chu failed to “reach the root” in his own races. But his conscience did not allow him to become a warrior in the further life, because he could not, like that, "by-for-well," to live with a man, to serve the same.
The author of the time-ob-la-cha-et is objective so-qi-al-conditions, with-vi-va-yu-man-ve-ku false moral -ny ka-te-go-rii, but the accent in this ras-say-ze was made specifically on the responsibility of each one for the fact that he co-ver -sha-em in life.
The first work of L.N. Tolstoy, the story "Childhood", was written during the Caucasian War. Having finished work on it, Tolstoy sends the story for publication in the Sovremennik magazine to Nekrasov. Tom loved it and wrote a rave review.
"Your story contains something that our society lacks so much now: truth and only truth, which has remained so little in Russian literature since the time of Gogol.".
This assessment was the most important for Tolstoy, since this was his main literary goal - to show the world as it is, without embellishment. Later, a sequel was written, the stories "Boyhood" and "Youth".
According to the original plan, Tolstoy also wanted to write "Youth", but did not do this, because he decided that all the ideas of the alleged "Youth" had already been embodied in his other work.
Features of the trilogy "Childhood", "Adolescence" and "Youth"
The duration of each of these stories is a day or two, no more, because Tolstoy believed that it was the day that was the main unit of the life of a person or society. The day gives you the opportunity to see the hero from all sides, to show him in all his glory. During the day, you can show both the conflict of the hero with the environment, and his conflict with his own shortcomings (Tolstoy showed this on the example of his diaries).
The main criterion in assessing a person is his ability for spiritual growth. That is why Tolstoy considers it necessary to record all the moral mistakes committed during the day, so as not to repeat them in the future. A person who can become better through this analysis of his behavior is a strong person.
Justice as a criterion for assessing a person
It partially resembles the trilogy "Childhood", "Adolescence", "Youth" and another work of Tolstoy, created at the dawn of his work - "Sevastopol Stories", dedicated to the military events in the Caucasus. Also following the principle of "truth and only truth" here, as Nekrasov called it, Tolstoy completely refuses to present war in a romantic light, he seeks to show his reader that a real war is only pain, blood, dirt and horror.
However, there is also another important criterion for evaluation Tolstoy human personality - justice. Tolstoy in his narrative is practically devoid of evaluativeness and bias; he writes with equal respect about his allies and opponents.
In his opinion, people cannot be divided into "good" and "bad", into black and white. People are different, changing. Tolstoy compared people to rivers: the river is narrow in one place, wide in another; the water in it is now muddy, now clean, now warm, now cold. And one cannot categorically judge this, since each person can change, grow spiritually.
Every writer, creator is, first of all, a person. Of course, he has his own passions, his views on life, principles. Therefore, the heroes created by him for him, like living people, are also divided, as for us, readers, into loved ones - that is, into those who share his thoughts, and into strangers. And the point is not only that there are the main heroes, a lot of space is allocated to them, a lot of attention is paid on the pages of the work, and the secondary ones. So it is in Leo Tolstoy's novel War and Peace. I believe that both captain Tushin and Timokhin, although they participate only in certain
Episodes, but also "from the Tolstoy camp." The author treats them with respect and sympathy, because, in his opinion, they constitute the best part of the Russian people.
LN Tolstoy embodies his understanding of the essence of man in the fates of the heroes of the work. Let us recall the noble, intelligent and handsome in deeds and aspirations Andrei Bolkonsky. After many ups and downs and catastrophic disappointments, he longs not for fame, but for a socially useful cause: “It is necessary that everyone knows me, so that my life goes on not only for me, so that they do not live independently of my life, so that it is reflected on everyone and they all lived with
Together with me. " We see his arrogance in the capital's salons and beauty and concrete help in the smoke and gunpowder of Schöngraben when Captain Tushin's battery is evacuated, we feel his personal high impulse, “his Toulon” during the Battle of Austerlitz and pride in the fact that he “serves here in the regiment ", And does not sit in the headquarters. On the Borodino field, he is united with soldiers and officers by a sad, tragic feeling of loss and at the same time anger at the enemy who invaded his homeland. With what bitterness he speaks about the death of his father, the ruin of the estate - he speaks in Russian, in the same words as an ordinary Russian soldier: "I am Smolensk." Always attaching great importance to military strategy and tactics, before the Battle of Borodino, he prioritizes the feeling of offended pride of a patriot, discarding general phrases and speaking about the meaning of the word “Motherland” specific to each person: “... I have a father, sister and son in Lysykh Mountains ". It is this understanding of one's unity with the people that fills the life of Prince Andrei with new content in a hard time.
Let us recall Pierre Bezukhov with his reflections: “What's wrong? What well? What should I love, what should I hate? Why live and what am I? What is life, what is death? What power rules everything? " Such awkward, in many respects naive, he becomes strong when it is necessary to protect a friend, when he realizes himself as a "Russian Bezukhov" - the winner of Napoleon, when he takes up the solution of important problems - how to improve life in the whole country. Natasha Rostova, with her lively, emotional face that shines with a happy smile from love for people and the world. This face is distorted with rage and anger when she sees how many inhabitants of the capital, taking things away, abandon their relatives in Moscow. Thanks to her perseverance, almost all of the Rostovs' carts were given to the wounded soldiers and officers. The mercy of a Russian woman is embodied in this act, in her desperate cry-impulse: "Are we what Germans are?" In the last pages of the novel, Tolstoy portrays Natasha as a happy wife and mother. From the point of view of the author, a happy family life is the ideal of the existence of a man and a woman. But we see the happiness of Natasha and Pierre not only in the prosperity and comfort of the house, in the warmth of the family hearth, but above all in the understanding of each other, in the fact that Natasha lived "every minute of her husband's life."
Tolstoy's heroes live, develop, respond to events, strive for self-improvement, good for people. They live the life of their Fatherland in important moments for her. They are really favorite heroes of Tolstoy, who believes: “To live honestly, you have to break, get confused, fight, make mistakes, start and quit, and start again, and quit again, and fight and rush forever. And calmness is a meanness of the soul ”.
Compare with them the beautiful, dissolute Helene with her mask on her face - an expression that she copies from the face of distinguished persons, the boring Julie Karagina, who, like fashion in a certain period, changes her mood and language and puts the networks of "Penza forests and Nizhny Novgorod estates" on beautiful suitors. And what about Berg, who builds his life in someone's image and likeness, down to a napkin on a table and a bowl of cookies, and buys "a wardrobe and a toilet during the general retreat from Moscow!" And Boris Drubetskoy, climbing up the steps of profitable acquaintances and patronage, not even disdaining to marry his pretty Julie ("I can always get settled in order to see her less often"). Even the announcement of the French attack, he perceives not as overwhelming news, offensive and bitter for a real citizen, but as an opportunity to show others that he was the first to know about something.
Their way of life is a waste of time, and therefore there is no point in mentioning them in the epilogue, because what could have seriously changed in the life of these static mannequins of high society! Only Anatoly Kuragin, who did not even remember where he served, appears to be living only for today, will change fate, cleansing by participation in the Battle of Borodino and severe injury. What was the reason for their static nature, the stereotyped nature of their life, which does not arouse the interest of the reader? Let's turn to one more character, much more attractive and emotional, we will go through the stages of his life. Nikolai Rostov is talented and lively, in his own way very decent, because he cannot break his word given to Sonya, he considers it his duty to pay his father's debts. At the call of romance, he leaves the university and goes to war as an ordinary cadet, scornfully discarding letters of recommendation. He bully the "staff" Bolkonsky, although he realizes that he would very much like to have him as my friend.
But he will get scared at Schöngraben, run like a hare, ask to sit on the gun carriage with a slight wound. He does not understand the feat of Raevsky, who went ahead of the army with his teenage sons in order to raise the spirit of the army. Going to defend the innocently injured comrade, he will not complete the matter, because he will fall into the atmosphere of fanatical deification of the emperor and will lose time in the crowd at a solemn meeting. By the way, Leo Tolstoy did not find a place for Nikolai Rostov on the Borodino field - it was at this time that he was engaged in horses and a buffet table in the rear. In difficult times, he will help Princess Marya, then, having fallen in love with her, he will become her husband, will work a lot on the estate, raising it after the devastation, but he will not be able to fully understand his wife and will not love children like Pierre. And the author will not give him such family happiness as that of Natasha and Pierre.
Since 1812, many nobles and officers began to treat their serfs in a new way, because together with them, privates, partisans and militias, they defeated the enemy. And Nikolai, annoyed by household chores, beats his serf so that he breaks a stone on a ring. It may well be that he beats the one who went with him to defend Russia. Many of the former officers thought about changing the state system, because “in the courts there is theft, in the army there is only one stick: shagistika, settlements, people are tortured, education is being stifled. What is young, honestly, is ruined! " Next to them are the future heroes of the Senate Square - Pierre, Nikolinka Bolkonsky. Vasily Denisov sympathizes with them and, probably, will join.
Nikolai Rostov does not doubt their decency, he could also go with them, but he takes the opposite side. According to Nikolai Rostov, nothing can be changed if there are government directives, there is no need to even think about it. He had this from his youth: to cut himself off and not think, that's all! Therefore, he can, mindlessly following the order of Arakcheev, "go with a squadron and cut" against relatives and friends ...
According to Leo Tolstoy, it is the intense work of thought and heart that is the main sign of personality, the essence of a person. So, thought, the search for the meaning of being, one's place in life, a lot of work on improving one's own personality - this is what the core of a real person is made of, this is what Leo Tolstoy values and respects in people. This is what the author and his favorite characters bequeathed to us - the mysterious path to real human happiness.
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