High moral qualities and internal freedom of Grneeva. Formation of character and views of Peter Greeneva

03.11.2019

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In the story "Captain's daughter" A. S. Pushkin affects the problem of noble honor for him and its compatriots. Showing the gradual formation of the personality of Peter Greeneva, the main character of the work, the author emerges the Russian national character, which is characteristic of such qualities as kindness, nobility, honesty, loyalty to this word and sovereign. Just passing through complex life tests, the young nobleman becomes as we see it in the final.

Life in the house

The text of the story is a memoir written on behalf of the main character that gives the previously described events of great accuracy: no one can tell about a person better than he himself.

Petrusha received traditional education for noble children. A good uncle Savelich was pressed against him, accompanied by a young man and after his departure to the service. He taught his French-hairdresser Bopre, who could not give a thorough formation. The boy lived in lowest, careless and without thinking about the future.

Even before the birth, his father recorded his son in but when Peter Grinev had achieved sixteen years old, he decided to send him not to Petersburg, but to Orenburg, under the supervision of an old friend. So the further fate of the young nobleman was predetermined.

Entry into an independent life

The main part of the Father, who gave the Father, Watching the Son: "Take care ... Honor of Smolodes." This principle Peter will follow all his life. In the meantime, it looks more like a spoiled bar. For the first time drinks and loses to unfamiliar Zurina a hundred rubles, then it requires a duty from Savelich. It insists on an urgent departure in where it was determined in Orenburg, and enters a strong buran. But now the formation of the personality of Peter Greeneva begins. He suffers, realizing his guilt before the faithful uncle, and asks him for forgiveness - the ability to admit his mistakes. Gifts the Wenty, who helped them get out of Burana, Tulupply - thanks for the assistance rendered.

Test Love

In the Belogorsk Fortress, life is reduced by Peter Grneev with a glorious family and a unwell screw. Acts of the latter to the greater the noble features of the main character. Both fall in love with Masha Mironov, but if Schvabrin descends to the lowest possible, having received a refusal, Grineh is ready to protect the honor of his beloved girl. This happens in the case of a duel when the hero causes a more experienced opponent to a duel, which offensively expressed to Masha. And at the moment when Pugachevtsy come to the fortress.

Schvabrin not only passes on their side, but also deceiving the defenseless girl locked up, and then announces that she is the daughter of an executed commandant. Almost another in the current situation is the characteristic of Peter Greeneva. He will have to make a difficult choice between the debt of the officer who bidded him to go to the part, and the desire to protect his beloved. While the hero is confident that Masha does not threaten nothing, he goes to Orenburg, but on the first call, without having received support and understanding from the command, returns to the fortress. The hero will be silent and in court when the accusation of treason on denunciation of the same Swabrin can cost him his life. After all, to tell, for what purpose he traveled to the fortress to Pugachev, meant to involve a compete daughter in the unpleasant story. And only a meeting of Masha with an empress will help restore justice and justify the hero.

Thus, the next stage, when the formation of the personality of Peter Greeneva is, is his love, sincere and disinterested. She turned yesterday's mischievous in a capable of taking responsibility for another person.

Acquaintance with Pugachev

During the seizure of the Belogorsk Fortress, Grinevo shows a hardness of character, loyalty to the oath and the Empress, courage. Of course, a certain role is that he was not executed along with the rest, played a holy Tuluptic, donated by Peter the counselor still on the road to the fortress. But the young officer refused to kiss his hand to the impostor and swear to her loyalty. It is this moral durability and willingness to take death for his beliefs determined the attitude of Pugachev to Grinev. And the ability to always tell the truth, sincerity in everything and the feeling of complete inner freedom. Such a characteristic of Peter Greeneva in chapters, which describes its meetings with an impostor. Indeed, not everyone invited everyone to his table, he left for all four sides after the failure to go to his service, gave a blessing to marriage with the daughter of the commandant of the military fortress.

The image of Peter Greeneva in the story "Captain's daughter": conclusions

Thus, during the events described, the nature of the main character undergoes changes. And important in this process are several moments. First, the reasonable decision of the Father, who sent the Son not to Petersburg, where he was expected to have idle and envelope, and in the deaf fortress, in fact, the place where he and the strap pulled, and I sniffed. Secondly, the epoch itself and an important historical event - an uprising under the leadership of Pugachev. Only in complex life situations, as a rule, true person manifest. In this case, the carefree boys turned into a real man.

Determining the ideological design of A. Pushkin, it can be noted that the gradual formation of the personality of Peter Greeneva should have revealed to the hero those traits that each Russian nobleman should have. And most of them are "two excellent qualities": kindness and nobility. It was their Peter Grinev who would like to see at her descendants. This is the wishes of the author of the memoirs, who completed the draft of the story, was excluded at the last editorial office of the "Captain Daughter".

In any literary work, one way or another, there are eternal questions in one form or another. What is considered the norm of morality? Where is the face separating morality from immorality? Do they differ in general? And in almost any product, we are usually about the ideals of morality.

In human society, they have always treated with contempt for dishonest people. Loss of honor is the fall in moral obscuration, followed by an inevitable punishment: the whole states disappear from the map of the Earth, the peoples' history in the black hole disappear, individual identities die.

Russian writers often applied in their works to the problem of honor. The topic of searching for moral ideals, the concept of "man of honor" touched upon A.S. Pushkin in the story "Captain's daughter".

The main character of the story of Peter Andreevich Grinev, since childhood, was brought up in a setting of high morality. Pushkin, Soveelich's mouth introduces

Readers with moral installations of the genus Grievo: "It seems neither the father, nor grandfather drunkards; about Mother and there is nothing to say ..." With such words, the old servant of his ward Petra Greeneva, who first got drunk and behaved as unsuitable. And before leaving for the service, Grinevo receives from the Father Testament: "Take care of a dream dress, and honor - humid." This folk proverb is also an epigraph to the work. All the further history of Greeneva is a fulfillment, despite all the difficulties and mistakes, this paternity covenant.

But if it is primarily an honor for the Greennev father - it is primarily the honor of the nobleman and officer, the Grine-son, without refusing to such an understanding, was able to expand the concept of honor to his human and civil meaning. In it, as it were, a good, loving mother's heart with honesty, directness, courage - qualities that are inherent in his father.

The first time Ghenev did on honor, returning card debt, despite the fact that Savelich tried to persuade him to decline from the calculation. But the nobility took the top. The person of honor, in my opinion, is always good and unconsumed in communicating with others. These qualities manifested themselves in a generous gift to an unknown "peasant", which pointed out the road during Burana and which then played a decisive role in his entire further fate. Tests expected Greeneva and in the fortress, where he served. By his behavior, Peter Andreevich proved the loyalty to the covenants of his father, did not change what he considered his duty and his honor.

The full opposite of the fair and direct grinee is his opponent Alexey Ivanovich Schvabrin. He is selfish and ungrateful man.

For the sake of their personal goals, Swabrin is ready to make any dishonest act. Schvabrin prevents Love Greeneva to Mironova Mironovaya, weavers. In the end, it comes to the fight. Schvabrin inflicts the grace of a treacherous blow to the duel and in addition he writes a false denunciation on him Grinewall. Pugacheva, Shvabrin turns out of ideological beliefs: he expects to save his life, hopes if Pugacheva's success is successful to make a career, and most importantly, he wants to deal with his rival, forcibly marrying him who does not love him.

Honesty and decency occupies a special place in the characteristics of the heroes. Amazing how honestly in front of Masha and Grinev. For them, it is natural to understand, save, regret each other. Mutual devotion helps them to overcome the vital difficulties and gain happiness.

During the rebellion, high moral qualities of some heroes and the lowestness of others were especially bright. For example, Captain Mironov and his wife preferred to die than to surrender to the mercy of the rebels. And Grineh, not wanting to swear Pugachev, but was pardoned.

It seems to me that Pugachev showed generosity with respect to the young officer not only from a sense of gratitude for the old service. He, as it seemed to me, appreciated the honor of honor in the Grinev. In addition, Grinev and Masha thanks to him forever found each other.

Interesting and finals of the story: Greeneva is arrested on denunciation for contact with rebellious ataman. He threatens the death penalty, but the Grineal decides from considerations of honor not to call the name of his beloved. If he told the whole truth about Masha, he would probably probably justify him. Justice tried at the very last moment: Masha is requesting the pardon of Greeneva to the lady, which turns out to be an empress. Grine rescued.

Unfortunately, there are now very few people like Peter Grinev: honest, kind and disinterested. Modern society almost lost these qualities. And so I want the proverb "Take care of the honor of the Smoloda" had a talisman for every meaning, helping to overcome severe life obstacles.

The objectives of the study of the novel:

integer students of historical prose A.S. Pushkin;
trace the life path of Peter Greenyev, the formation of its character;
reveal the moral beauty of Masha Mironova - Captain's daughter;
continue learning the writing of the comparative characteristics of two literary heroes on the example of the images of Greeneva and Swabrin;
reveal the features of the composition, language, the figurative system of the novel as a literary work.

Equipment and materials:

the texts of the novel;
filter "Captain's daughter" A.S. Pushkin;
figure Film "Russian Bun";
illustratively demonstration material from Album A.S. Pushkin ";
distribution material for speech development lessons;
cards of individual tasks with illustrations to the novel.

Major techniques and methods: Reading a story, conversation in content, work on the key episodes of the novel, compilation of comparative characteristics, frontal, individual and group work.

As a prose, he wrote historical
Roman "Captain's daughter".
M. Gorky

I. The word of the teacher about the history of the establishment of the novel "Captain's daughter".

Back since the 20s, Pushkin showed a deep interest in the historical past of his country.

Interest in history was aggravated by Pushkin especially in the 1930s. At this time, the number of peasant unrest increased in Russia. Evaluating the internal political situation, the head of the gendarmes reported to the king: "The whole spirit of the people is aimed at one purpose - liberation."

These events were focused on Pushkin's attention about the reasons of unrest, about the relationship between state power and people, landowners and peasants, about the driving forces of history. It is these questions that it puts in its most significant works of the 30s: in the novel "Dubrovsky", in the poem "Copper Horseman", in the work "History Pugacheva", in the novel "Captain's daughter" ...

So, in the work of Pushkin of the last years of his life, there is still all wider the theme of the peasant revolution is deployed. The draft sketch of the "history of the village of Gulihin" ends with the word "riot". Wider concerns Pushkin theme of the peasant revolution in the novel "Dubrovsky", where two worlds are directly opposed to each other - fortress peasants and their oppressors. In the "Captain Daughter" the theme of the peasant revolution becomes central.

The creation of the story was preceded by a lot of work carried out by Pushkin on the study of Pugachev uprising. Pushkin explored archival materials. Based on them, he wrote the "Pugachev history", renamed King in the "Pugachevsky Bunt" story. In addition, the poet visited the places covered by the uprising, talked with old people who were personally encountered with Pugachev, he recorded the sralinal ethical folk works related to the peasant war of the 70s of the 19ths of the XVIII century. As a result of this huge work, a novel "Captain's daughter" appeared, in which the work of the historian and the poet is brilliantly united.

II. Theme and plot of the novel.

The main theme of the novel is the peasant revolution. In artistic images and paintings, Pushkin showed the pattern and truly popular nature of Pugachev's uprising, he painted the image of the leader of the movement with deep sympathy. But "Captain's daughter" is not only a novel about Pugachev uprising. Its content is wider. No wonder Belinsky responded to "the captain's daughter" as about Onegin in prose? ", I.e., a peculiar" encyclopedia of Russian life "of the XVIII century.

The novel solves questions about the relationship between landowners and peasants, and issues of internal politics, and the duties of the nobleman in front of the people, the state and their estate. Since the "Captain's daughter" is not only a historic, but family novel, Pushkin sets questions related to the moral and apparent side of the nobility, themes of human happiness, love, true nobility.

Both of these parties are a single whole, the associated way Pugacheva is the leader of the people's movement. And the organizers of the happiness of Peter Greeneva and Masha Mironova.

Image of Pugachev movement. Pushkin deeply and historically correctly revealed the causes, the move and character of peasant uprisings, repeatedly brokered in the Volga region and in the south of the Urals and led to the Peasant War of 1773-1775. The reason for these uprisings the poet rightly sees in the fortress grid, cruelty and self-leveling of the rulers of the region and in the politics of the royal government in relation to non-Russian nationalities of the South of Urals.

Pushkin clearly shows the social and national composition of Pugachevtsev: these are serfs peasants, ordinary Cossacks, Bashkirs, Chuvashi, Tatars, workers of the Urals factories. This movement of oppressed mass, points Pushkin, met the broadest support in the people. Wherever Pugachev appeared, he always enjoyed the people.

Sophisticated Pugachev and soldiers of the royal troops. No wonder. In Orenburg, at the Military Council, Reinsdorpa "all officials spoke about the unreliability of the troops."

Despite the elemental nature of the uprising, his social orientation was clear for each participant: it was directed against landowners, government and military authorities, against serfdom and any oppression of the people.

Pushkin recognizes the justice of peasant uprisings, but shows their infertility, hopelessness.

III. Composition of the novel.

The novel was built in the form of family notes P. A. Grynev, mainly about those "unexpected incidents", which "had important influences on his whole life and gave him a strong and good shock." This form of the presentation gave the possibility of Pushkin to spend through censored slingshot work, in which the main theme of the peasant revolution. The author of the notes P. A. Grinev - ordinary nobleman of the late XVIII century, dividing the view of governmental and landlord circles on Pugachev's uprising how to robbery, and on Pugachev's army as a scam tree.

Therefore, at first glance, it seems that everything in the novel from an official point of view is politically reliability: Pushkin's sympathies allegedly on the side of the nobility, Pushkin regrets the defenders of the Belogorsk Fortress executed by the Pugachev, the queen acts as a benefactor Masha Mironova. In fact, all this is not right.

The fact is that Pushkin makes Greenaeva in detail and accurately identify the facts, and these facts that they say to the reader not what the Grinene would like to say, and the reader comprehends them in Pushkin, and not in the Grinev.

The novel was built so that in its historical part all the time two hostile camps are compared: People's head, at the head of which is Pugachev, and the noble, headed by Catherine II. There is a struggle between them, the basic heroes of "family notes" - Grinev and Masha Mironov - the will of circumstances face and other camp. They had to make a choice between two struggling forces. They did it: they remained the faithful nobility of the world.

1-5 chapters - Formation of the personality of the narrator before the beginning of the Pugachev uprising.
6-12 chapters- The appearance of Pugachev, changes in the inner world of the storytellor under the influence of "strong and good shocks."
13–14 - Deployed epilogue.

IV. Materials for the study of the novel "Captain's daughter".

Questions to the conversation on chapter 1 "Sergeant Guard":

Why Pushkin leads a story on behalf of Hero Peter Andreevich Grnev?
Tell us what were the conditions for the education of young Greeneva? ( The influence of Savelich, the teacher Bopre, the covenants of the Father before sending to the service why the father sent his son not to the guard, but to the army.)
How does the old man of Grineer look at the military service? ( How to fulfill a high civil duty, and not as a means to achieve career.)
What features of the character of the Grneev Old Man are revealed in the episode of the Father's conversation and mother about a letter to the head of Petrushi?
The first steps of the independent life of Greenyev, how does Grineva characterize his behavior in Simbirsk, a meeting with Zurin and a clash with Savelich, paying Zurina card debt?
What value do the title and epigraph of 1 chapter?

Questions for the analysis of chapter 2 "counselor":

About Pugachev.

What features is the portrait of the charge?
What does this portrait indicate the outstanding properties of his character?
What a figurative meaning is the sayings that the owner of the inn and counselors are exchanged with each other?
In which actions of Pugachev are revealed by its humility, knowledge of people and reduce them to contact them?

About Grinev.

What actions of Greennev showed positive traits of character: attachment and love for their fastened uncle; a sense of gratitude and appreciation to a person who provided a service; Hardness of character?
What role does the painting of Buran play in the novel?

Buran was the reason that Chibius Greeneva got off the way and there was a meeting of two heroes, which determined their further relationships. Landscape acts as one of the means of building a plot.

Landscape in the novel is not only a simple description of the area or weather, it performs an important role in the characteristic of the hero and in the development of the work. The counselor is the only person who was not confused during the burana, did not fell in spirit .. He stood on a solid strip and found the road to a resident courtyard, showing courage and ability to navigate. It is important that the mysterious leader appears in the "muddy circling of blizzards". Snowstorm, during which an arise of the Wenty (Pugacheva) appears in front of the Grinehist, as if symbolizes in predicts the social storm (popular uprising), which again will collide Grneev with Pugachev, this time the leader of the people, the leader of the peasant revolution.

Finally, Buran is the string of the plot line Grinene - Pugachev. If there were no Burana, Greennev dating with Pugachev would not have happened and the fate of Greeneva would have formed otherwise.

Episode "Son Greenieva".

What subsequent events is associated with sleep content? ( Sleep dreamed of Petrusha Grinevo during Burana in the steppe, when an unexpected counseling appeared to show the way to housing. Sleep is important. It is predicted by future formidable events of the folk riot, because the man from sleep is the counselor, and in the future Emelyan Pugachev - the leader of the Cossack troops, the self-charged king. The dream is not only ahead of historical events, but also predicts the future nature of the relationship between the young officer and the people's leader. Greenyev's sleep in general hints at those events that turn later; The execution of defenders of the Belogorsk Fortress, Pugachev Greeneva's pardon, further patronage of pardon.)

Chapters 3-5. Grine in the service in the "Bogosparable" Belogorsk Fortress.

1. Generalization of the teacher.

Childhood and youthful years Greeneva. Life in the father's estate. The most heterogeneous influences had to experience Petrus at this time. The father had a high ideas about the debt and honor of the nobleman, contempt for careerists and secular vans, sincerely angry, which was distinguished by the "people of the old century", and the ship of the serf.

Soft, but a fireless mother; honest, devotee, but not far from Savelich; "Good Small," but a bopry nonsense; The yard boys are the environment of Petrushi in orphanage.

2. The second stage of the formation of Greeneva:

begins from the moment of departure from his native nest. The independent life of Grneeva is the path of loss of many illusions and prejudice and at the same time enriching its inner world. Father decides to send Petrusha to the army ("So all my brilliant hopes collapsed!") The dream of a cheerful, carefree life quickly disappears after a pirushka with Zurin, replacing a deep shame and repentance; But the meeting with the "leader" helps to wake up in the soul of Greennev to the good, kind and bright, which he made from children's and adolescent years.
education of life continued in the Belogorsk Fortress. Instead of formidable, impregnable bastions - a village, surrounded by a log fence, with huts, indoor straw; Instead of a strict, angry chief, the commandant who came to the teachings in the cap and the Glattically coaster; Instead of brave troops - disabled; Instead of deadly weapons - the old garbage crash.

3.Duel with a screw.

Intercession of Az Honor of beloved can not not inspire respect to the reader.

But not in the payment of loss and did not duel the true honor of the nobleman.

4. Life in the Belogorsk Fortress.

Opens before the young men the previously not seen beauty of simple, good people and gives rise to the joy of communicating with them. ("There was no other society in the fortress; but I did not want another,")

Not military service, not visiting and not parades - the ideal of a young officer.

Conversations with cute, simple people, literary classes, finally love experiences - this is the true sphere of his life.

But the griffin does not think about serious public problems. And the question of the meaning of human existence arose before him much later, when Pugachev asked him about it.

Conclusion: This appears in front of us Grinene on the eve of formidable historical events.

Before entering the narrative of the Giant Figure of Pugachev, Pushkin "Spit", "home" introduces us with a teller, makes it possible to penetrate the world of his thoughts, feelings, ideas about life.

A push to moral immune - the episode of the interrogation of a mutilated Bashkirt, which caused a disgust to cruelty and inhuman in the young officer.

Chapters 6-12. Pugachev and Pugachevshchina.

In the lessons analyzing these chapters, find out the change in the looks of the storytellor to life and determine in this regard, what he sees people and events at different stages of its development; We establish what the estimates are correct, which is erroneous, what he is generally silent.

The word of the teacher. Summary of answers to the question: What events were particularly strongly influenced by the formation of the spiritual world of the narrator?

Grinev in full compliance with the romantic tradition on the eve of the battle with Pugachevs dreamed of a heroic military feat: "The separation of the separation was merged in me and unclear, but sweet hopes, and impatiently waiting for the dangers, and feelings of noble ambition."

"I involuntarily squeezed my sword handle, remember that I got it out on the eve of her hands, as if to protect my kind. My heart is burning. I imagined myself to her knight. I longed to prove that it was worthy of her power of attorney, and I was looking forward to a decisive minute. "

But life again presented the Grineal Lesson. Everything came out much less effectively and easier than painted imagination. Commandant Ivan Ignatich and Grinevo ran out for the fortress shaft, but "the burnt garrison did not touch." Greeneva shot down from his feet, and he did not have anything, as with the rebels to enter the fortress. He rushed to help the commandant, but a few dozen Cossacks grabbed and tied him to the Kushakov. He was preparing to repeat before the Pugachev's answer "generous" his "comrades" (Captain and Ivan Ignatych), but Savelyich intervened, and the case took at all the tragic turnover.

And then Greenneva meets with Pugachev (on a peculiar military council), and we learn that it is not at all uncompromising hatred for the rebel pushing Greeneva to continue the struggle. After listening to Pugachev's proposal, "not serve" against him, Pugacheva, a young officer answers: "How can I come in this? You know yourself: not my will: we are told to go against you - I'll go, do nothing. "

After a short fluctuations, the Grineal goes to Orenburg, but not only in the call of debt, and mostly in order to "hurry the liberation of the Belogorsk Fortress" and Mary Ivanovna in it. Faced with indecisiveness, cowardice, the notching of people of the government camp, he quickly loses military arms. True, he participated in the ride, but mostly because "died of boredom." Ironically, he made his babies for a horse, presented ... Pugachev. In ordinary peasants armed with doubles and guns, Grineh could not see evil, soulless enemies.

Grinev participated in the last campaign against Pugachev.

Not on the ways to protect the traditional noble honor was destined to express her nature.

Greenva captured and shook the events related to the struggle for the liberation of the beloved girl, and a few, but forever crashed into memory meetings with Pugachev.

Analysis of episodes in which Pugachev is depicted.

Output:Greeneva attracts scope, poetic, generosity, the latitude of Natura Pugachev in Pugacheva; In Grinevo - honesty, straightness, lack of noble sphere and some youthful insecurity before life.

Characteristic Pugachev.

Plan

What do the outstanding mind appear, personal courage and the military organizers of the image of Pugachev?
What are the actions of Pugachev paint us as a generous man, humane, fair?
How belongs to Pugachev people?
What personal qualities of Pugachev, except noted above, prompted him to be at the head of the uprising?
What features is the portrait of Pugacheva? What internal qualities are disclosed through these features?
How does his connection with the people be detected in Pugachev's speech?
What role does Pugachev play in the fate of Greeneva and Masha Mironova?

In this connection, Pugachev tells the Grinevo Kalmyk fairy tale? What is her allegorical meaning? What is the attitude to the idea of \u200b\u200ba fairy tale characterizes Pugacheva and Greeneva?

Pugachev tells the fairy tale in the field of the road to the Belogorsk fortress during a conversation about his affairs and a hurt future. The fairy tale has an allegorical meaning, it is about two possible elections of the life path - a quiet, measured, poor external events and a friend: bright, saturated, but short. Heroes of fairy tales play a symbolic role: Eagle - Fillet Bird, Loving height, Spacious, royal bird; Raven - a bird wise, but prose, earthly, ugly.

Pugachev and Grinevo express their attitude to life thanks to this story. For Pugacheva, it is better short, but a bright way that resembles the life of an eagle. Grinove is disgusting with robbery and evilness, it's not for nothing that he calls the riot meaningless and merciless, he was created for peaceful family life among the expensive people.

Chapters 13 and 14.

Analyzing these chapters, put the goal to find out why, having a negative attitude towards the Empress, Pushkin depicts it with visible benevolence.

The word teacher and conversation on issues:

In the last two chapters of the novel, with the "Care" of Pugachev, the pace of narrative is again grateful.

Only one scene is drawn close-up - meeting Marya Ivanovna with Catherine.

The scene is very complex in composition. The story is conducted on behalf of Grneeva. He talks about the Empress on the impressions of Marya Ivanovna.

The image of Catherine II characterizes not only the perception of the hero, but first of all the perception of Masher Mironova.

Why did Pushkin need a dating scene of Masher Mironova with Catherine II?

Enchant the essence of the novel in front of the cesury. This scene is the necessary link in the disclosure of the entire assessment of the narrative.

Grinevo needed to tell about his release. A brief report on this fact could be given by the reader's thought about the humanity of Empress.

Pushkin creates such a situation that detects the accident rate of the hero.

Gathering in St. Petersburg and without hoping for a personal date with the empress, Marya Ivanovna prepared a petition about the Grinev.

But it is unlikely that this petition would have any impact on the queen.

I needed a meeting with a "unfamiliar lady", and not in the palace, but in the garden, I needed a conversation with this lady not as a queen, but as with a random interlocutor, so that justice finally trust.

As shown by the Empress in this scene? Artistic retelling passage.

V. Speech development lesson. Characteristic of Peter Andreevich Grneeva.

The purpose of the lesson It is to continue the training of eighth graders to select the material for writing the characteristics of the literary hero.

Put in front of students task Answer the questions proposed by the teacher and collect the necessary materials to build a connected characteristic of Peter Greens.

Very good it turns out this the "Question - Answer" method. We make the necessary entries in notebooks, bookmarks in the novel.

1. Who were Greeneva's parents?

Father is a landowner of the Sybir province, retired premier major. Mother - the daughter of a poor nobleman.

2. What kind of education got Parsusha Grinev?

Grinev has been typical for the provincial nobleman of that time home education. At first he was brought up and he trained a sterefish Savelich. By 12 years, Petrusha was learned by literacy and "could judge the properties of a greyhound male". Then the teacher-French teacher Bopre was invited to him. At home, Bopre was a hairdresser. Here he had to train Greeneva "in French, in German and all sciences." But the Frenchman learned from his student to chat in Russian, and then each of them began to engage in his business. This ended the upbringing of Grneev.

3. What glances to the military service did his father adhered to?

Greeneva's Father saw in the military service nobleman is not a means to achieve career, ranks and awards, but a serious public responsibility, public debt. He sends his son not in the guard, where he could be able to quickly receive ranks without meritories. Father Greeneva believed that in the army, his son is better able to prepare for the execution of military debt.

4. How does Grnev relate to their parents?

Grinev in his relationship to his father and mother shows a sincere feeling of love, obedience and loyalty to their parents. With the departure of the Son to the service, the father bequeathed him to serve correctly and do not chase for the head of the bosses and remember the proverb: "Take care of the dress dream, and the honor of the Smalod." Peter Grinove honestly performed these covenants. In the most severe life tests, he remained faithful to his oath, honest and incorruptible warrior.

5. What features of Grneev's character are revealed in his relationship to Savelich and serf peasants?

This ratio is controversial. 1) The brocalized environment, grine sees in the serf peasants of slaves, obliged to serve the landowners. 2) Grinema is a humane and simple person. His relationship with Savelich is almost family character. Barina and servant binds a sense of mutual attachment. Grinove sees in Savelich a loved one. Trying to rescue Savelich in the Berdy Sloboda.

6. What are manifested and what the courage of Greeneva is sent to, his strife debt, honor?

Grinev - honest and courageous man. These sides of Grneev are found with all the most difficult life tests for it: and in a duel with a pinch, and in an attempt to rescue Savelich, when he falls into the hands of Pugachev. The loyalty to his debt, the courage of this person is revealed to readers with the greatest completeness in the court scene and execution of defenders of the Belogorsk Fortress.

But when Grynev solves the issues of social and political, his courage and honesty are aimed at protecting the noble interests and palace reign of Catherine II. Grinev - a typical representative of its class.

7. What traits of character detects Grinev in their relationship to Marie Ivanovna.

The best quality Greennev is manifested in his attitude to his beloved girl. He loves Marwe Ivanovna deeply, honestly, sincerely. His love cannot be compared with the lowland, animal feeling of Swabrin, which resorts to the slander, to the low denunciation, to violence for the achievement of his goal. Love Greeneva - Chista, disinterested, selfless, for the sake of Marya Ivanovna he risks life. At the interrogation, he persistently does not call the name of the girl, for which he met with Pugachev. He thinks only about the interests of Maryia Ivanovna.

8. How does Grnev belong to Pugachev and his comrades?

Grinev in Pugacheva sees a talented commander, a brave, smart and generous man who avoids unnecessary cruelty, seeks to be fair, protect the poor and orphans. However, in this case, the Grinevo remains captured by the nobility of the nobility of the environment. He considers Pugacheva an ambitious person who became the head of the uprising in the hope of seizing the royal throne. Grinev did not see the fact that Pugachev was a leader of a popular uprising, fought for the interests of the peasants against the nobles. In the accomplices of Pugachev Grinevo sees only people of cruel, imbued with hatred for nobles.

9. How does Grievo look at the modern state system and how does the peasant uprising explain?

Grinev does not understand the nature of those events whose involuntary participants has become. Existing autocratic-serf system He takes as a norm of social and political life. He sees the cause of the rebellion in strict measures, which were made by the authorities in relation to the Yaitsky Cossacks. He does not understand that the main meaning of the peasant uprising was in the natural rapidity of liberation from the landowner-serf in the oppression.

10. What causes our sympathies in Grinev and what is it far from us?

Grinevu causes our sympathy for their honesty, loyalty to military duty, courage. We like his humane (humane) attitude to Savelich, his simplicity and sincerity. We admire his cleanliness and deep love, which does not stop before self-sacrifice.

Grineal is far from us a misunderstanding of large socio-revolutionary events, which he was involuntary participant.

Grineland is alien to us with their non-critical attitude to the existing state system and the head of it - Catherine II.

Not the rights of Grinev and in the assessment of the peasant uprising: he does not notice elements of organizedness, meaning and special form of humanity. Alien to us and those goals, when the grine has reached high moral qualities.

Grine.

The main hero of the family-household part of the novel is Peter Andreevich Grinev. The son of the landowner, Grinevo received home education according to the custom of that time, first under the leadership of the uncle Savelich, then the Frenchman Bopre, by the profession of the hairdresser. Greeneva's father, domineering to the samotor, but honest, alien distortion before the highest ranks, wanted to see in his son of the real nobleman, as he understood it. Watching the military service as a member of the nobleman, the old man ghostly sends his son in the guard, and in the army, so that he pulled the strap, "became a disciplined soldier. Saying goodbye to Peter, the old man gave him an instruction in which he expressed his understanding of the service: "Serve right to whom they swear; Listen to chiefs; for their caress do not chase; I do not ask for a service, do not discharge from service, and remember the proverb: Take care of a dream dress, and the honor of the Smoloda. "

Peter Grinevy seeks to fulfill their father's covenants. During the defense of the Belogorsk Fortress, he behaves like a brave officer, honestly performing his duty. On the Offer Pugachev, to enter it to the Grine service after a minute oscillation corresponds to a decisive refusal. "My head is in your authority," he said to Pugachev: "Let me let me go - thanks;" Excuse me - God's judge. " Rightness and sincerity Greeneva liked Pugachev and spaced to him a generous leader of the rebel people.

However, not always the debt won Greennev's soul. His behavior in Orenburg is determined not a debt of an officer, but a sense of love for Mironova. Having disturbed the military discipline, he is arbitrarily sent to the Belogorsk fortress to save his beloved girl. And only freeing it, moreover, with the help of Pugachev, he again returns to the army, joining Zurin's squad.

Peter Grinevo shares the noble point of view on the peasant uprising. He sees in it "Bunken and merciless", and in Pugachev - a robber. In the scene, when he demands money from Savelich to pay the loss to Zurina, he behaves the QC Perestor-serpent.

But in nature, the Grineal man is soft and kind. He is true and recognizes himself in his eases. Feeling guiltily in front of Savelich, he asks for his forgiveness, gives the floor to obey his uncle. Grynev loves Savelich. With the risk for his life, he is trying to rescue Savelich, when he fell into the hands of Pugachevs Bird Sloboda. Governing is trusting and badly understands people of this type like Schvabrin. Sincere and deep love nourishes Grinev to Masha. He pulls him to a simple and good family of Mironov.

Despite the noble prejudice against Pugachev, he sees a smart, brave, generous man in him, the defender of the poor and orphans. "Why not say truth? - Writes Grinev in his notes. - At this moment, strong sympathy attracted me to him. I walked flamely ... save him his head ... "

The image of Greeneva is given in development. The features of his character are developing and gradually disclosed in front of the reader. His behavior in each case is psychologically motivated. From the novels depicted in the novel, he is the only positive person, although it remains in his views and beliefs the son of his time and its class.

Vi. Speech development lesson.

Subject. Comparative characteristics of two literary heroes. Grineh and Swabrin. (According to Roman A.S. Pushkin "Captain's daughter".)

Objectives:

continue the development of speech skills of students;
enrich new knowledge, skills and skills in the compilation of the comparative characteristics of two literary heroes;
learning to work with the text of the work;
develop analytical thinking, creative abilities of students, the ability to find a common and varied, to make the necessary conclusions;
prepare for writing the comparative characteristics of Greeneva and Swabrin.

Equipment and materials: The texts of the novel, distribution material, notebook on literature.

Major techniques and methods:search and eurissic method, conversation with students, execution of group and individual tasks.

During the classes

I. Organization of the lesson. Message of the lesson.

II. Preparatory work. The word of the teacher.

Today, at the lesson, we will continue to work on the preparation of the comparative characteristics of two literary heroes.

1. Let's remember the well-known literary heroes from read books and briefly denote the most important thing, on which their comparison was built.

Students call the queen and young princess in the "fairy tale about the dead princess and about seven heroes" A.S. Pushkin (internal and external beauty of people); Zilina and Kostilina in the Caucasian prisoner A.S. Pushkin (desire for freedom and humility with life circumstances); Sonya and Marius from the story V.G. Korolenko "in a bad society" (two lifestyles due to the difference in social conditions); Osta and Andria in the story N.V. Gogol "Taras Bulba" (why one of the brothers dies with the hero, and the other becomes a pet traitor and a traitor).

2. What material was needed to compare:

a) external beauty and inner strength (portrait);
b) the ability to deal with unbearable living conditions (character);
c) living conditions (social status);
d) patriotism and false love for homeland.

3. What is the characteristic of the literary hero?

The image of the main character traits, the conditions of education, environment, portrait, copyright to the hero.

4. What is important for writing a characteristic characteristic?

Leading, basic, main feature that distinguishes or highlights it in the work.

III. Grineh and Swabrin. What are they different!

The meaning of these images in the Romana A.S. Pushkin "Captain's daughter".
What is common between them:

a) officer from the nobles;
b) both love Masha;
c) both young people;
d) Serve in the Belogorsk Fortress.

Differences between them:

a) upbringing;
b) attitude towards others;
c) attitude to the captain's daughter;
d) attitude to military duty.

As a A.S. Pushkin refers to his heroes?
What feelings are the Grine and Swabrin.

IV. Lexical work.

In compiling the comparative characterization of two literary heroes, it is necessary to observe the principle of parallel comparison. Therefore, the following words and phrases will be needed in the work, the so-called binding elements, "hooks": differently, otherwise, it is different, differently, they are sharply different, completely opposite, negative, in other things, if one ... then another and t.

We write them into the notebook. Well, if students from the very beginning of studying the novels were aimed at the task to collect material for comparing Greeneva and Swabrin in notebooks. Then at the lesson of the development of speech it will be necessary to lead to a certain system, and then the essay can be obtained below.

The writing.

Large material for comparing two people gives Roman A.S. Pushkin "Captain's daughter".

Among the heroes of this work, two people are sharply opposite: Peter Andreevich Grinev and Alexey Ivanovich Shvabrin.

What unites them and what makes completely unlike each other?

Images of Greeneva and Swabrin are considerable to solving many questions posed by the author in its work: the relationship between landowners and the peasantry, the duties of the nobleman in front of the people, human happiness, love, true nobility.

Grinev and Swabrin - officers from the nobles.

Having met Masha Mironov in the Belogorsk Fortress, the captain's daughter, fell in love with her.

This similarity ends between them.

Grinev received upbringing in the conditions of the provincial noble family, Schvabrin lived in the capital's conditions, received secular education and education.

A large influence on the formation of the character of Greeneva was provided by Savelich, who has many attractive features characteristic of a simple Russian person: loyalty to debt, straightness, ability to deeply affection and self-sacrifice.

Schvabrin was smart, educated, eloquent, wit, found. But unlike Greenland, he is deeply indifferent to the people, to everything that does not concern his personal interests. He used to serve in the guard and for the duel Slash in the Belogorsk Fortress.

All this determines the different attitude of Greenhouse and Swabrin to others.

If, by nature, the Grineal man is a soft and kind, fair and meaningful, poorly disassembled in such people as Schvabrin, then Schvabrin is an evil, contemptuous, false and hypocritical person, mockingly related to people, besides also avennany.

An offended marriage to the refusal to marry him, Schvabrin takes a slander, writes anonymous denunciation to the old man in His son. Schvabrin is inhabitants in relation to a woman, capable of violence and bullying.

Most otherwise refers to Masha Grinev. He is deeply sincere and truly loves the captain's daughter. Capacked for her heroic actions.

These features of Greeneva are brought up in it since childhood. Father sends his son not to the guard, to the army and gives him the instruction in which he expresses his understanding of the service: "Take care of a dream dress, and honor".

Different heroes understand the sense of duty.

Grinehus seeks to fulfill their father's covenants. During the defense of the Belogorsk Fortress, he behaves like a brave officer, honestly performing his duty. Rightness and sincerity Greeneva liked Pugachev and spaced to him a generous leader of the rebel people.

The sense of duty and honor is completely absent from Schvabrin. Already after the first news about the rebellion of Schvabrin, thoughts about treason, which he carries, when Pugachev took the fortress. Schvabrin moved to Pugacheva not on high ideological impulses, but for the purpose of massacre with grine and mastering Masha.

The morally devastated man, Schvabrin causes Pushkin sharply negative attitude towards himself.

Grinehus is sympathetic to us by his honesty, loyalty to military duty, courage, we like his sincerity and simplicity, it is close to it and A.S. Pushkin.

Such different are shown in the novel "Captain's daughter" Pyotr Andreevich Grinev and Alexey Ivanovich Shvabrin.

Literature

Programs of general education institutions. Literature. 5-11th classes. A basic level of. Edited by V.Ya. Korhina. Moscow, "Enlightenment", 2008.
A.S. Pushkin.Works in three volumes. Moscow, "Fiction", 1987.
V.A. Scripping. Control and verification works on literature. 5-8 classes. Publishing house "Drop", 1997.
Pushkin encyclopedia. AU, Moscow, 1999.
Pushkin and his time in the pictorial art of the first half of the 19th century. Leningrad, "Artist RSFSR", 1995.
Album "Literary Places of Russia". Moscow "Soviet Russia", 1987.
A.S. Pushkin.Album for high school. Moscow, "Enlightenment", 1978.
"Friends Pushkin". Correspondence, memories. Diaries. In two volumes. Moscow, "Pravda", 1984.
V.N. Nomes, etc. Russian and Soviet literature. A manual for foreigners of preparatory faculties of universities. Moscow, "Higher School", 1983.

Reading his creations, you can be excellent

thus to raise a person.

V. G. Belinsky

I believe that the honor ranks first in a number of moral characters. You can survive the disassembly of the economy, to bring separation with the most expensive people, with a homeland, but with the decomposition of morality, no people on earth will never accept. In human society, they have always treated with contempt for dishonest people. Loss of honor is the fall in moral obscuration, followed by an inevitable punishment: the whole states disappear from the map of the Earth, the peoples' history in the black hole disappear, individual identities die.

The main character of the story of Peter Andreevich Grinev, since childhood, was brought up in a setting of high morality. Pushkin, Savelyich's mouth introduces readers with moral installations of the genus Grievo: "It seems neither the father, no grandfather drunkards; about Mother and there is nothing to talk about ..." In such words, the old servant of his ward Peter Greeneva, who first got drunk and behaved. And before leaving for the service, Grinevo receives from the Father Testament: "Take care of a dream dress, and honor - humid." This folk proverb is also an epigraph to the work. All the further history of Greeneva is a fulfillment, despite all the difficulties and mistakes, this paternity covenant.

The full opposite of the fair and direct grinee is his opponent Alexey Ivanovich Schvabrin. He is selfish and ungrateful man.

The historical story "Captain's daughter" is the last work of A.S. Pushkin, written in prose. This work reflects all the most important topics of the Pushkin creativity of the late period - the place of a "small" person in historical events, a moral choice in tough social circumstances, law and mercy, people and power, "Family thought". One of the central moral problems of the story is the problem of honor and dishonor. The resolution of this issue is traced primarily on the fate of Greeneva and Swabrin.
These are young officers. Both are in the Belogorsk Fortress. Grine and Swabrin - nobles are close by age, education, mental development. Grynev describes his impression that, which made a young lieutenant on him: "Schvabrin was very nehall. His conversation was Oster and entertained. He described me a family of commandant with great cheerfulness, his society and the region, where the fate took me. " However, heroes did not become friends. One of the causes of hostility is Masha Mironova. It was in a relationship with the captain's daughter, the moral qualities of heroes revealed. Grine and Swabrin turned out to be antipodes. Attitude towards honor and debt finally debugged Greennev and Swabrin during Pugachevsky Bunt.
Peter Andreevich is distinguished by kindness, softness, conscience, sensitivity. It was not by chance that Grineh immediately became for the Mironovy "native", and Masha loved him deeply and selflessly. The girl confesses Grinevo: "... Before the grave you will stay in my heart." Schvabrin, on the contrary, produces a repulsive impression on others. The moral flaw is already manifested in its appearance: it was low growth, with a "canceled ugly face." Masha, like Grinevo, Nurse Schvabrin, the girl scares his evil language: "... he is such a mockery." In the lieutenant, she feels a dangerous man: "He is very contracted to me, and it's strange: I didn't want anything to do so that I didn't like him. That would have bothered me. " Subsequently, becoming a prisoner of Swabrina, she is ready to die, but not to submit him. For Vasilisa Egorovna Schvabrin - "Shorebel", and the disabled Ivan Ignatich confesses: "I myself am not a hunter before him."
Grine is honest, open, straightforward. He lives and acts on the behest of the heart, and his heart is freely subordinated to the laws of the noble honor, the Code of the Russian knight, the sense of duty. These laws are unchanged for him. Grinev - man words. He promised to thank the random conductor and did it despite the desperate resistance of Savelich. The Grineh could not give a half to vodka, but he gave his ledged Tulup. The law of honor forces a young man to pay a huge billiard debt not too honestly playing Husar Zurina. Grineal is noble and ready to fight duel with a Swabrian, who insulted the honor of Masha Mironova.
Grine-honorable honest, and Schvabrin commits one after another immoral acts. This envious, evil, vengeful person is used to acting deception and cunning. Schvabrin with intent described Grinevo Masha "I breathe foolish", hung his walling from him to the captain's daughter. Grineh soon understood the causes of the thoughtful slander of Schwabrin, which he pursued Masha: "Probably, he noticed our mutual tendency and tried to distract us from each other." Swabrin is ready to get rid of the opponent with any means. Insulting Masha, he skillfully brings Greeneva to rabies and provokes a challenge to a duel, not counting the inexperienced Grneev dangerous opponent. Lieutenant conceived murder. This person does not stop before. He is used to fulfill all his desires. According to Vasilisa Egorovna, in the White Fortress Shvabrin "translated over death", for the fact that on the duel "Calp of Lieutenant, and even with two witnesses." During the fight of officers, Grinev, unexpectedly for Swabrin, turned out to be a skillful fencing, but, using a favorable moment for him, Schwabrin Ranil Grneev.
Grinemen is generous, and Schvabrin is low. After a duel, the young officer forgave the "unfortunate opponent", and he continued to take revenge on Grinevo and wrote a denunciation to his parents. Swabrin constantly makes amoral actions. But the main crime in the chain of its constant lights is the transition to the side of Pugacheva not by ideological, but for mercenary reasons. Pushkin shows how all the qualities of nature appear in the historical tests in man. Petch began in the Swabrine makes it finished scoundrel. Greeneva's openness and honesty attracted Pugachev to him and saved his life. The high moral potential of the hero was revealed during the most complex tests for the strength of belief. Gneveno had to choose between honor and dishonor, and actually between life and death. After Pugachev "pardon" Greeneva, he had to kiss his hand, that is, to admit the king in him. In the chapter "Uninvited Guest", Pugachev himself suits the "test compromise", trying to get a promise from Greenland "at least not to fight" against him. In all these cases, the hero risking life, manifests hardness and disadvadacity.
Schvabrina has no moral principles. He saves his life, breaking the oath. I saw Grinev with amazement "among the elders of Schvabrin, marked in a circle and in the Cossack Kaftan." This terrible man continues to persecute Masha Mironov relentlessly. Schvabrin fanatically obsessed with the desire to achieve not love, but at least humbleness from the captain's daughter. The actions of Schvabrin Grinevo gives an assessment: "I looked at the nobleman, lying in the legs of a runaway Cossack."
The copyright position coincides with the views of the storyteller. This is evidenced by the epigraph to the story: "Take care of the honor of the Smalod." Grinevas retained loyalty to debt and honor. He told the most important words to Pugachev: "Just do not demand that my and Christian conscience is disgusted." Schvabrin also violated noble duty, and human.

High moral qualities and internal freedom of Grneeva. Formation of character and views of Peter Greeneva

Read also

Life in the house

Entry into an independent life

Test Love

Acquaintance with Pugachev

The image of Peter Greeneva in the story "Captain's daughter": conclusions