The role of lyrical digressions in the creation of the "encyclopedia of Russian life" (Based on the novel by A. Pushkin "Eugene Onegin")
Municipal educational institution
Alexandrovskaya secondary school
The role of lyrical digressions
in the novel by A.S. Pushkin
"Eugene Onegin"
Pachushkina Svetlana
Work supervisor: teacher of Russian language and literature
Pachushkina Elena Alekseevna
the village of Aleksandrovskoe
2011.
Purpose of work:
To reveal the importance of lyrical digressions in the poem by A.S. Pushkin "Eugene Onegin"
and the era.
Tasks:
- study the literature on this topic;
- to collect material that reveals the views of the author in lyrical digressions on the described era, culture, language, relationships with other heroes of the work.
Work idea:
The appeal to the topic “The role of lyrical digressions in the novel“ Eugene Onegin ”is due to the fact that A.S. Pushkin is always modern. His works are still relevant in our time, they provide answers to many questions.
A.S. Pushkin is National treasure... Not knowing Pushkin means not knowing your language, your culture, your Motherland.
Work plan
1. Creative story novel. The image of the author in the work of Alexander Pushkin "Eugene Onegin". Features of the genre.
2. Lyrical digressions in the novel. A.S. Pushkin "Eugene Onegin" -
one of the most important movements of the text in revealing the concept and heroes of the work;
Russian nature in the work:
A clear smile of nature
He meets the morning of the year through a dream ...
Temporary narration:
The night is frosty, the whole sky is clear ...
An excursion into Russian history, a picture of Moscow:
Moscow ... how much of this sound
Lyrical digressions dedicated to friendship and love:
There are no others, but those are far away ...
Raising the young generation of the 19th century:
We all learned a little
Something and somehow.
4. Roman A.S. Pushkin "Eugene Onegin" - "encyclopedia of Russian life."
Introduction
A.S. Pushkin is a Russian poet, the founder of Russian literature, the creator of the modern literary language. Pushkin was able to raise Russian literature to the world level.
The novel in verse "Eugene Onegin" recreates the way of life and the spiritual composition of the typical way of the metropolitan and provincial nobility.
The problems of the purpose and meaning of life are key, central in the novel, because in turning points history, such as the era of the December uprising of 1825 became for Russia, a reassessment of values is taking place in the minds of people. And at such a time, the poet's highest moral duty is to point out to society Eternal values, give solid moral guidance.
The novel in verse absorbed Pushkin's rich poetic experience, his poetic finds and achievements - and it is natural that he became one of the most artistically perfect works of not only A.S. Pushkin, but of all Russian literature.
Each of us has our own Pushkin. For some, Pushkin is a storyteller, for some a lyricist, but for me he is a creator immortal work"Eugene Onegin".
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The creative history of the novel in verse
"Eugene Onegin" - the most significant creation of Pushkin, absorbing half of his life "- this is how Herzen spoke about the novel. And he is certainly right.
The beginning of the writing of the novel falls on the southern exile in Chisinau and dates back to May 9, 1823, but in reality the work on the novel covers more early dates... A novel in verse, designed for long years scriptures, a free story not afraid of contradictions not only about modern heroes, but also about the spiritual and intellectual evolution of the author. In 1820, the poem "Ruslan and Lyudmila" was written, which was Pushkin's first great experience in writing epics... Here Pushkin reached almost all the heights and possibilities of free poetic form. The end of work on "Ruslan and Lyudmila" coincided with the emperor's sharp discontent with the behavior and outrageous poetry of Pushkin: it was about Siberia or repentance in Solovetsky monastery, but at the request of friends and patrons, Pushkin was sent to a southern exile.
Having met in Yekaterinoslavl with the new chief and having made a trip to the Caucasus and the Crimea with his permission, Pushkin arrives in Chisinau (September 1820). News of European revolutions and Greek uprising, contacts with members secret societies, contributed to the growth of political discontent (statements recorded by contemporaries; before exile, Pushkin promised Karamzin not to write "against the government" for two years and kept his word).
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Having occupied the vacancy of the "first romantic poet", Pushkin in the Chisinau-Odessa period (from July 1823 served under the Novorossiysk Governor-General Count M.S. Vorontsov). He works in different genre and stylistic traditions. Personal difficulties, conflicts with Vorontsov, the gloom of European political prospects (the defeat of revolutions) and the reaction in Russia led Pushkin to the crisis of 1823-24. At the end of July 1824, dissatisfaction with Vorontsov and the government led to his expulsion from service and exile to his parental estate Mikhailovskoye.
In the autumn of 1824, there is a difficult quarrel with his father, who was entrusted with the supervision of the poet. Pushkin receives spiritual support from the owner of the neighboring estate Trigorskoye P.A. Osipova, her family and her nanny Arina Rodionovna Yakovleva. In Mikhailovsky, Pushkin works intensively: parting with romanticism takes place in the poems "To the Sea" and "The Conversation of a Bookseller with a Poet", the poem "Gypsies"; the 3rd chapter was completed, the 4th chapter was composed and the 5th chapter of "Eugene Onegin" began.
In 1830. Pushkin, who had long dreamed of marriage and "his own home", is seeking the hand of NN Goncharova, a young Moscow beauty without dowry. Going to take possession of the estate donated by his father for the wedding, because of cholera quarantines, he was imprisoned for three months in the village of Boldino (Nizhny Novgorod province). Three months were devoted to summing up the results of youth (Pushkin considered his thirtieth birthday to be her foreign) and to the search for new ways. This is where Eugene Onegin was completed.
The genre "Eugene Onegin" is a lyric-epic novel in verse. Consequently, it is built on the inextricable interaction of two
plots: epic (the main characters Onegin and Tatiana) and lyrical (where the main character is the narrator). Onegin is a typical figure for the noble youth of the 20s of the 19th century. Also in " Prisoner of the Caucasus"A.S. Pushkin set himself the task of showing in the hero" that premature old age of the soul, "which has become the main feature of the younger generation.
The novel "Eugene Onegin" is the first realistic Russian novel. In 1833, the novel was published in full. The author of the work invented a special writing stanza, which he called - "Onegin stanza"
Over the seven years during which it was created, a lot has changed both in Russia and in Pushkin himself, and all these changes are reflected in the novel. The novel was created in the course of life and became a chronicle of Russian life and its peculiar poetic history.
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The role of lyrical digressions.
A lyrical digression is an author's speech in an epic or lyroepic work, expressing the author's direct relation to the depicted plot.
Thus, in the novel "Eugene Onegin" the composition of a "free work" allows to include in it a variety of author's digressions: lyrical recollections related to events in the poet's life, addresses to friends, to the reader pass through the entire novel; thoughts about the value of the human person arise.
"Eugene Onegin" - the first realistic novel in Russian literature, which reflected the century and modern man depicted, right. In this work, the author freely moves from the plot narration to lyrical digressions that interrupt the course of the "free novel".
In lyrical digressions, the author tells us his opinion about certain events, gives characteristics to his heroes Eugene Onegin and Tatyana Larina, Olga and Lensky, tells about himself. This is how we learn about the author's friends, literary life, plans for the future, get acquainted with his reflections on the meaning of life, on love and friendship; which gives us the opportunity to get an idea not only about the heroes of the novel, about the life of Russian society at that time, but also about the personality of the poet himself.
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Lyrical digressions about native nature.
Once FM Dostoevsky said: "Beauty will save the world." Our modern reality needs salvation, only nature can help man. She gives spiritual strength. One of the most important themes of the author's digressions in the novel is the depiction of nature. It is this topic that helps to understand the heroes, to reveal them. spiritual world... Tatiana is close to the poet in that she subtly perceives the beauty of fields, forests, she is a "child of nature":
The village where Eugene was bored
There was a lovely corner ...
Tatiana lived among the beauties of Russian nature, "where the herds roamed the meadows." It would seem that Lensky is inwardly more suited to Tatyana, he could understand her: He fell in love with thick groves,
Solitude, silence,
And the night, and the stars, and the moon.
But Lensky fell in love with the charming and outwardly sweet Olga. And Tatyana is sensitive, she dreamed that Onegin had defeated Lensky. The dream turned out to be prophetic, it was the instinct from nature that could help the heroine look into the future.
There are all seasons here: even winter, "when the joyful people of the boys cut the ice with skates." The author says that in the village in
the winter season is monotonous and boring "the village sometimes involuntarily bothers the eye", but still finds the charm of this time of year:
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Winter! The peasant, triumphant,
On the woods, it updates the path;
His horse, smelling the snow,
Weaving at a trot somehow.
And now the frosts are cracking
And silver among the fields ...
A clear smile of nature
Through a dream meets the morning of the year
Bee for a tribute to the field
Flies from the wax cell
…And the nightingale
I sang in the silence of the nights
Southern Winters Caricature,
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Flickers and no: this is known,
Although we don't want to confess
Already the sky was breathing in autumn
Less often the sun shone
The day was getting shorter
Mysterious forest canopy
FROM sad noise naked ...
For the first time in Russian literature, we see village landscape Central Russian strip. Everything truly Russian, says Pushkin, is inextricably linked with nature and is in harmony with it. Nature helps to reveal the character of the heroes, sometimes the landscape is described through their perception:
Tatyana saw through the window
In the morning, the whitened courtyard.
The landscape exists in the novel along with the characters, which makes it possible for the author to characterize them inner world... The author emphasizes the spiritual
Tatiana's closeness to nature.
Tatyana (Russian soul, not knowing why)
With her cold beauty
She loved the Russian winter.
Frost in the sun on a frosty day,
And the sleigh, and the late dawn
Shining pink snows
And the darkness of Epiphany evenings.
A lot of A.S. Pushkin refers to the description of the time of day, the most beautiful of which is night.
The night is frosty, the whole sky is clear;
The night has many lovely stars.
Thus, in lyrical digressions, the author was able to show his attitude to the nature of the Central Russian strip, through the relationship of the heroes to nature, to reveal their essence and understanding of life. The reader was able to see the spiritual world of the heroes.
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Excursion into Russian history
Moscow is the shrine of Russia, its heart, it is not in vain that enemies of all times and peoples, be they Tatar, French or German, tried to seize the city in order to stop the life of Russia, they tried to stop the heart too. For A.S. Pushkin, Moscow is the main and important thing in the life of mexto:
Moscow ... how much of this sound
For the Russian heart it has merged!
How much it echoed.
In Moscow, two fateful moments occurred in the poet's life: the order of the tsar to end the exile during the coronation of Tsar Nicholas 1, where the poet was urgently taken in 1826, and - the marriage of A.S. Pushkin, the beginning of a new life.
Placing the heroes of his novel against the background of Petersburg and the Russian countryside, he created, as it were, an encyclopedia of Russian reality. The author could not help showing the heroine in Moscow. Description of Moscow falls on the 7th chapter of the novel. A.S. Pushkin leads to this chapter 3 epigraphs:
Moscow, Russia's daughter is loved
Persecution of Moscow! What does it mean to see the light?
How not to love your native Moscow? (author Baratynsky).
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A.S. Pushkin himself confesses his love for Moscow sincerely:
Ah, brothers! How pleased I was
When churches and bell towers,
Gardens, palaces semicircle
Suddenly opened before me!
How often in sorrowful separation,
In my wandering destiny
Moscow, I was thinking about you!
Moscow, how much is in this sound
For the Russian heart it has merged!
How much it echoed!
When the novel describes Tatyana Larina's arrival in Moscow, the author lists the sights of the city, including the Petrovsky Castle. Visitors were struck by the numerous church chapters; there were about 270 churches and 20 monasteries in Moscow.
But now it’s close. In front of them
Already white-stone Moscow,
Like heat, with golden crosses
Old chapters are burning.
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Booths, women, boys, shops, lanterns flash past ... The Larins stopped in the parish of the Church of St. Charitonius. This place was familiar to A.S. Pushkin from childhood memories, where he lived for some time. There are 5 stanzas dedicated to the Larins' journey across Moscow. Tatiana was brought to the "brides' fair", the fate of the heroine will be settled in Moscow, as well as the author.
The scope of Moscow expands with the Patriotic War of 1812:
Napoleon waited in vain,
Intoxicated with the last happiness
Moscow kneeling
With the keys of the old Kremlin ...
A.S. Pushkin with patriotism writes about the city:
No, my Moscow did not go
To him with a guilty head.
Not a holiday, not an accepted gift,
She was preparing a fire.
Reading these lines, every person's heart beats for the strength and greatness of the city.
For me, these words are associated with patriotism, pride in our Motherland.
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In the 7th chapter of the novel, A.S. Pushkin erected a poetic monument to the city, and Moscow erected its own to the poet, thereby expressing gratitude to the great poet.
Lyrical digressions about theater, ballet, culture.
What brilliant lines are dedicated to the theater. Living in the city, Eugene Onegin attends balls, theaters, banquets. But gradually he got bored with this life:
In great distraction he looked -
He turned away and yawned.
From these lines we learn how the secular youth was brought up. But, the life of a young socialite did not kill feelings in Onegin, as it seems at first glance, but "only cooled down ...". Now Onegin is not interested in theater, ballet, which cannot be said about the author. For Pushkin, the St. Petersburg Theater is a "magic land", which he mentions while in exile:
Will I hear your choirs again?
Will I see the Russian Terpsichore
Soul-filled flight?
The theater is already full; the lodges shine;
Parterre and chairs - everything is boiling ...
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There are no others, but those are far away ...
Expresses admiration for the incomparable art of the famous Istomina: "with one foot, touching the floor, flies like a light fluff ..."
Brilliant, semi-airy,
The bow to the magic is obedient,
A crowd of nymphs is surrounded,
Istomin is standing ...
The author acquires the meaning of life in his destiny. The entire novel is full of deep reflections on art. Pushkin's life is unthinkable without spiritual work. This is exactly the opposite of Onegin. He has no need for work. He tried to immerse himself in reading, but ... "hard work he was sick of."
They kept a peaceful life
The habits of cute old times.
Having become a brilliant socialite, the main character has not lost touch with the national culture.
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It reunited folk tradition with the high culture of the enlightened nobility.
The same thing happens with the author, who assimilated both the noble and folk culture, turning them into a single national one. The main character comes from folk tradition to the noble, the author, on the contrary, from the noble to the folk.
I believe that the poet's ideal has become a unified culture that combines the high achievements of noble education and humane folk morality.
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Lyrical digressions about friendship and love.
Friendship, nobility, devotion, love are qualities that are always highly valued by A.S. Pushkin. However, life confronted the poet not only with the best manifestations of these moral values:
Whom to love?
Whom to believe?
Who won't betray us one?
Some of the lyrical digressions in the novel are autobiographical. This gives the right to say that the novel is the history of the personality of the poet himself. A.S. Pushkin is another hero of the work.
Creativity, like love, plays a big role in the life of a poet. He himself admits that all poets are "dreamy friends". Poetry and the life of the author are closely intertwined:
Of love's insane anxiety
I felt bleak.
Blessed is he who combined with her
Fever of rhymes; he doubled
Poetry is a sacred nonsense ...
The novel "Eugene Onegin" is a diary where the poet lays out the most intimate. Love for the author and Tatiana is a huge, intense spiritual work. For Lensky, it is a necessary romantic attribute. For Onegin, love is not passion, but entertainment, sometimes for the author. True feeling he knows only towards the end of the novel: when the experience of suffering comes. Onegin, in contrast to romantic heroes, is directly connected with modernity, with real circumstances and people of the 1820s. The author treats his hero with a little irony, which cannot be said about Lensky. Pushkin does not try to widely reveal the image of Lensky. The author tries to rule out any finality of the novel.
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Introducing readers to the image of Tatiana, the author notes that her name is closely connected with the world of provincial life, but at the same time the heroine is well-read.
She was brought up on French novels. In them she found the image of Onegin, his romantic mysterious features.
Thus, Tatiana fell in love with the literary hero, she wrote a letter to him. After leaving the village, the heroine finds herself in Onegin's office. Those books that Eugene Onegin read, Tatiana tried to read, tried to understand his world through books, through notes in the margins.
And it starts little by little
My Tatiana understand ...
Isn't he a parody?
And here the position of the author completely coincides with the position of the heroine: he is not “the creator of hell or heaven”. Tatiana begins to understand Onegin's world. Throughout the novel, Tatyana changes: she learned to restrain her feelings, from a provincial girl she turned into a county young lady. In the novel, another hero that changes before the eyes of the reader is the author. This brings the author closer to his heroine:
Tatyana, dear Tatyana!
With you now I shed tears;
You are in the hands of a fashionable tyrant
Already gave up her fate.
Thus, the novel by A.S. Pushkin is a work about possible, but missed happiness. The tragedy of the novel is that the best Russian people do not find happiness in reality. The author himself values such qualities as friendship and love and values them.
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Lyrical digressions on education and training.
A.S. Pushkin, using the example of the protagonist, shows the way of life of the "golden noble youth". Onegin, tired of the noise of the ball, returns late and wakes up only "after noon." Evgeny's life is "monotonous and variegated": balls, restaurants, theaters, balls again. Of course, such a life could not satisfy an intelligent, thinking person. We understand why Onegin was disappointed in the surrounding society. After all, this elite are selfish people, indifferent, devoid of high thoughts. Pushkin describes this society in more detail in the eighth chapter:
There was, however, the color of the capital,
And know, and fashion samples,
Faces you meet everywhere
Necessary fools ...
A.S. Pushkin studied at the Lyceum, in the novel he mentions the years of study, his friends:
And I see, I blame you,
That is already my poor syllable.
I could be much less colorful
Alien words.
Something and somehow ...
The protagonist is compared to outstanding personalities that time. The reader understands that the knowledge they (Chaadaev, Kaverin) possessed is not available to Onegin. The hero is below their level, but above the average level
a person of his circle. Therefore, Onegin is bored, and he runs to the village:
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Two days seemed new to him
Secluded fields
The coolness of the gloomy oak forest,
The murmur of a quiet stream;
To the third grove, hill and field
He was no longer interested ...
But even in the village, the hero does not find something to his liking. The only thing that Onegin was enough for:
Yarem he is an old corvee
Replaced by light rent ...
I was born for a peaceful life
For village silence ...
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With the help of lyrical digressions, A.S. Pushkin introduces an era with its life, with real people into the novel. The author put into the novel his mind, his observation, life and literary experience, your knowledge of Russia.
In the novel "Eugene Onegin" there are about 80 lyric deviations. They matter because they reveal the inner world of the author. Lyrical digressions are a live communication between the author and the characters. The peculiarity of the work is that the novel in verse presupposes the author's freedom. A.S. Pushkin talks about freedom in chapter 8 of the novel. The freedom of Pushkin's work is, first of all, a relaxed conversation between the author and his readers. This freedom allowed the author to recreate historical picture modern society, in the words of VG Belinsky, write "the encyclopedia of Russian life."
The novel "Eugene Onegin" is a special novel. It has two spaces. One of them is real. An author lives in it, who is connected with the personality of a person and a poet. A.S. Pushkin acts as the prototype of the author, who talks about himself, about his muse, about his own creative destiny... This is a real novel, it is lyrical, because the main person in it is the poet. Inside this novel is a "conditional" novel with an epic plot. The author is constantly with the readers and with the heroes, freely reflects on the problems of society. This work is about Russian thinking person post-Peter's time.
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Bibliography
1. Pushkin A.S. Eugene Onegin. Moscow. Fiction 1980 year.
2. Maratsman V.G. Roman A.S. Pushkin in school study. Moscow. Enlightenment 1983.
3. Arkhangelsky A.N. Russian writers of the 19th century. Great tutorial
Moscow. Bustard 2000.
4. Kern (Markova-Vinogradova) A.P. Memories of Pushkin. Moscow. Sov. Russia 1989.
5. Belinsky V.G. Selected articles. Leningrad. Lenizdat 1979.
6. Korovin V. Ya. Textbook - a reader on literature. Grade 9. Moscow. Enlightenment 2009.
7. Internet resources.
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V.G.Belinsky highly and appreciated ingenious creation our national poet. The great critic wrote: "Let time go by and bring new needs with it, let it grow Russian society and overtakes "Onegin": no matter how far it has gone, it will always love this poem, it will always dwell on it with a look full of love and gratitude ... ".
1. The role of lyrical digressions in the novel by A.S. Pushkin's "Eugene Onegin".
Experts count twenty-seven lyrical digressions and fifty different types of lyrical insertions in Pushkin's novel "Eugene Onegin". Some of them are just one line. His enemies, his friends (it may be the same thing). They cleaned him this way and that. Others are very extensive, and if they are combined, they form two independent chapters in terms of their volume.
“Now I am not writing a novel, but a novel in verse - a devilish difference” - this is how A.S. Pushkin on the beginning of work on Eugene Onegin, emphasizing its unconventional nature. Poetic speech presupposes a certain freedom of the author, which is why in the eighth chapter the author calls his novel in verse “free”.
The freedom of Pushkin's work is, first of all, a relaxed conversation between the author and readers, an expression of the author's "I". This free form of narration allowed Pushkin to recreate the historical picture of contemporary society, in the words of V.G. Belinsky, write an "encyclopedia of Russian life."
One of the most important themes of the author's digressions in Eugene Onegin is the depiction of nature. Throughout the entire novel, the reader is faced with both winter with cheerful games of children and skating on the "neat fashionable parquet" ice, and spring - "the time of love." Pushkin paints a quiet "northern" summer, a "caricature of southern winters", and undoubtedly, he does not disregard his beloved autumn.
The landscape exists in the novel along with the characters, which makes it possible for the author to characterize their inner world through their relationship to nature. Emphasizing Tatiana's spiritual closeness to nature, the author highly appreciates the moral qualities of the heroine. Sometimes the landscape appears to the reader as Tatyana sees it: “... she loved to warn the sunrise on the balcony”, “… through the window Tatyana saw the whitened courtyard in the morning”.
It is impossible not to note the author's descriptions of the life and customs of the society of that time. The reader will learn about how the secular youth were brought up and spent their time; they even open the albums of county young ladies. The author's opinion about balls, fashion, attracts attention with the sharpness of observation.
What brilliant lines are dedicated to the theater. Playwrights, actors ... We seem to find ourselves in this "magic land", where Fonvizin, the friend of freedom, and the fickle Princess shone, "we see Istomin flying like fluff from the lips of Aeolus".
Some lyrical digressions in the novel are directly autobiographical. This gives us the right to say that the novel is the story of the personality of the poet himself, a creative, thinking, extraordinary personality. Pushkin is both the creator of the novel and its hero.
"Eugene Onegin" was written by Alexander Sergeevich for seven years at different times, under different circumstances. Poetic lines describe the poet's recollections of the days “when the Muse began to appear in the gardens of the Lyceum,” about forced exile (“will the hour of my freedom come?”). The poet finishes his creation with sad and bright words about the days he lived and friends who had passed away: "There are no others, but those are far away ..."
As if with close people Pushkin shares with us, readers, reflections on life:
He who lived and thought cannot
In my heart do not despise people ...
But it's sad to think it's in vain
Youth was given to us ...
The poet is worried about his poetic fate and the fate of his creation:
Perhaps it won't sink in Summer
A stanza composed by me;
Perhaps (flattering hope!)
The future ignoramus will indicate
To my illustrious portrait
And he says: that was the Poet!
Expressed in lyrical digressions and literary predilections of Alexander Sergeevich, his creative position, realized in the novel:
... I'll just tell you
Legends of the Russian family,
Love's captivating dreams
Yes, the mores of our side.
Friendship, nobility, devotion, love are qualities highly valued by Pushkin. However, life confronted the poet not only with the best manifestations of these moral values, therefore the following lines arose:
Whom to love? Whom to believe?
Who won't change to one? -
The heroes of the novel are like “good friends” of its creator: “I love my dear Tatiana so much”, “Evgeny was more bearable than many”, “... I love my hero from the bottom of my heart”. The author does not hide his attachment to the heroes and emphasizes his difference with Onegin, so that the "mocking reader" does not reproach him for "smearing" his portrait. It is difficult to agree with Pushkin. His image lives on the pages of the novel not only in its heroes.
The poet speaks to us in lines of lyrical digressions, and we, his descendants, have a unique opportunity to talk with Pushkin through the centuries.
Alexander Sergeevich put his mind, his observation, life and literary experience, his knowledge of people and Russia into the novel. He put his soul into it. And in the novel, perhaps more than in his other works, one can see the growth of his soul. As A. Blok said, the writer's creations are “external results of the underground growth of the soul”. This is applied to Pushkin, to his novel in verse "Eugene Onegin" to the fullest extent.
Autumn road. Both in the general mood of the author's monologue and in the rapidly changing pictures, there is a clear hint of the image of the bird-three, from which this lyrical digression is separated by a large chapter devoted to the adventures of Chichikov. The story about the main character of the poem ends with the author's statements, presenting sharp objections to those who may be shocked by both the main character and the poem as a whole, ...
Nests "," War and Peace "," The Cherry Orchard. "It is also important that the protagonist of the novel, as it were, opens a whole gallery" extra people"in Russian literature: Pechorin, Rudin, Oblomov. Analyzing the novel" Eugene Onegin ", Belinsky pointed out that in early XIX century, the educated nobility was that class "in which the progress of Russian society was almost exclusively expressed", and that in "Onegin" Pushkin decided ...
It is true, Yours will change immensely ... Now our roads are bad, Forgotten bridges are rotting ... and so on. That is precisely why the roads are the second most important topic " Dead souls”Related to the topic of Russia. The road is the image that organizes the entire plot, and Gogol introduces himself into lyrical digressions as a man of the path. “Before, long ago, in the summers of my youth ... it was fun for me to drive up for the first time to an unfamiliar place ... Now ...
Bellinsky called the novel "an encyclopedia of Russian life." And indeed it is. An encyclopedia is a systematic overview, usually from “A” to “Z”. Such is the novel "Eugene Onegin": if you carefully examine all the lyrical digressions, we will see that the thematic range of the novel is expanded from "A" to "Z". In the eighth chapter, the author calls his novel "free." This freedom is ...
Lyrical digressions are usually called out-of-plot insertions in a literary work, moments when the author departs from the main narrative, allowing himself to reflect, recall any events that are not related to the narrative. Nevertheless, lyrical digressions represent separate compositional elements, such as landscapes, characteristics, dialogues.
The novel in verse "Eugene Onegin" is replete with lyrical digressions. It is difficult to find another literary creation in which they would be so significant. The main task of these inserts is time. Pushkin goes into lyrical digressions when it was necessary to emphasize the intervals of the past in the course of the narrative of time. But at the same time, they are harmoniously woven into the plot of the story. Thus, the poet expresses his author's view of certain events, attitude towards his heroes. Pushkin is invisibly present in the general outline of the narrative.
After some reasoning about the morals and characters of people, the poet finally "brings Muse" to a secular reception, where a meeting between Onegin and Tatiana Larina took place.
But those who are in a friendly meeting
I was the first to read the stanzas ...
There are no others, but those are far away,
As Sadi once said.
Without them, Onegin is completed.
And the one with whom I was educated
Tatiana's sweet ideal ...
About a lot, a lot of rock has taken away!
Laurence Stern said: “The digressions are undeniably similar sunlight; They make up the life and soul of reading. Take them, for example, from this book - it will lose all value: a cold, hopeless winter will reign on every page of it.
Gustave Flaubert said: "An artist should be present in his work, like a god in the Universe: to be omnipresent and invisible."
The floor is given to the group led by Anna Kulumbegova. Subject: “Lyrical digressions and the role of the author's image in the novel“ Eugene Onegin ”.
Retreats are undeniably like sunlight; they make up the life and soul of reading. Take them, for example, from this book - it will lose all value: a cold, hopeless winter will reign on every page of it.
(L. Stern)
What is a "lyrical digression"?
Lyrical digressions Is an extra-plot element that allows the author to address readers from the pages of his work directly, and not on behalf of any of the acting characters.
Experts count twenty-seven lyrical digressions and fifty different types of lyrical insertions in Pushkin's novel "Eugene Onegin". Some of them occupy only one line. Others are very extensive, and if they are combined, they form two independent chapters in volume.
Lyrical digressions are inextricably linked with plot basis novel and serve:
Pushing apart the spatial and temporal boundaries of the narrative;
Cultural creations - historical image era.
Classification of lyrical digressions
Lyrical digressions can be divided into several groups:
-Author's digressions... (Memories of youthful love in the first chapter, side by side with a playfully ironic discourse on the "legs." Memories of the Moscow "beauty" in Chapter 7 ( collective image). References to the biography at the beginning and end of chapter 8. Revaluation digressions romantic values in "Excerpts from Onegin's Journey").
-Critical and journalistic digressions(conversation with the reader about literary examples, styles, genres). The poet comments on his novel as it is being written and, as it were, shares his ideas with the reader on how best to write it. The general semantic dominant of these deviations is the thought of finding a new style, new manner letters, offering greater objectivity and concreteness of the depiction of life (later this became known as realism).
-Conversations on everyday topics("the novel requires chatter"). It is about love, family, marriage, about modern tastes and fashions, about friendship, education, etc. Here the poet can appear in a variety of guises (literary masks): we see either a convinced Epicurean (mocking the boredom of life), or Byronic hero, disillusioned with life, now a writer-feuilletonist, now a peaceful landowner, accustomed to living in the countryside. The image of the lyric (as always with Pushkin), on the one hand, is kaleidoscopic and changeable, on the other, it remains holistic and harmoniously complete.
Landscape retreats are also among the lyric. Usually nature is depicted through the prism of the poet's lyrical perception, his inner world, mood. At the same time, some landscapes are shown through the eyes of the heroes ("Tatiana saw through the window ...").
- Retreats to civil theme - about the heroic Moscow of 1812. Some digressions are of a "mixed" type (they include autobiographical, critical-journalistic, and everyday-aphoristic elements.
The role of lyrical digressions in the novel
Experts count twenty-seven lyrical digressions and fifty different types of lyrical insertions in Pushkin's novel "Eugene Onegin". Some of them are just one line. His enemies, his friends (it may be the same thing). They cleaned him this way and that. Others are very extensive, and if they are combined, they form two independent chapters in terms of their volume. The freedom of Pushkin's work is, first of all, a relaxed conversation between the author and readers, an expression of the author's "I". This free form of narration allowed Pushkin to recreate the historical picture of contemporary society, in the words of V.G. Belinsky, write an "encyclopedia of Russian life." The author's voice sounds in numerous lyrical digressions, which determine the movement of the story in different directions. One of the most important themes of the author's digressions in Eugene Onegin is the depiction of nature. Throughout the entire novel, the reader is faced with both winter with cheerful games of children and skating on the "neat fashionable parquet" ice, and spring - "the time of love." Pushkin paints a quiet "northern" summer, a "caricature of southern winters", and undoubtedly, he does not disregard his beloved autumn. The landscape exists in the novel along with the characters, which makes it possible for the author to characterize their inner world through their relationship to nature. Emphasizing Tatiana's spiritual closeness to nature, the author highly appreciates moral qualities heroines. Sometimes the landscape appears to the reader as Tatyana sees it: “... she loved to warn the sunrise on the balcony”, “… through the window Tatyana saw the whitened courtyard in the morning”. In "Eugene Onegin" there is another series of author's digressions - an excursion into Russian history. The famous lines about Moscow and the Patriotic War of 1812, which left its imprint on the Pushkin era, expand the historical framework of the novel. It is impossible not to note the author's descriptions of the life and customs of the society of that time. The reader will learn about how the secular youth were brought up and spent their time; they even open the albums of county young ladies. The author's opinion about balls, fashion, attracts attention with the sharpness of observation. What brilliant lines are dedicated to the theater. Playwrights, actors ... We seem to find ourselves in this "magic land", where Fonvizin, the friend of freedom, and the fickle Princess shone, "we see Istomin flying like fluff from the lips of Aeolus". Some lyrical digressions in the novel are directly autobiographical. This gives us the right to say that the novel is the story of the personality of the poet himself, a creative, thinking, extraordinary personality. Pushkin is both the creator of the novel and its hero. "Eugene Onegin" was written by Alexander Sergeevich for seven years in different times, under different circumstances. Poetic lines describe the poet's recollections of the days “when the Muse began to appear in the gardens of the Lyceum,” about forced exile (“will the hour of my freedom come?”). The poet finishes his creation with sad and bright words about the days he lived and friends who have passed away: "There are no others, but those are far away ..." Alexander Sergeevich put his mind, his observation, life and literary experience, his knowledge of people and Russia into the novel. He put his soul into it. And in the novel, perhaps more than in his other works, one can see the growth of his soul. As A. Blok said, the writer's creations are “external results of the underground growth of the soul”. This is applied to Pushkin, to his novel in verse "Eugene Onegin" to the fullest extent.
Characteristics of the novel.
The famous critic V.G. Belinsky called the novel "an encyclopedia of Russian life." And indeed it is. IN Pushkin's novel so much has been said, so comprehensively about the life of Russia at the beginning of the 19th century, that if we didn’t even know anything about the era of that time, reading the novel “Eugene Onegin” we would still learn a lot. But why exactly an encyclopedia? The fact is that an encyclopedia is a systematic review, as a rule, from "A" to "Z". Such is the novel. If you carefully examine all the lyrical digressions of the author, we will see that they are "expanded" from "A" to "Z".
The author himself also characterizes his novel. He calls him "free." This freedom is, first of all, an unconstrained conversation between the author and readers with the help of various lyrical digressions, the expression of the thoughts of the author's "I".
And now all minds are in a fog,
Morality leads us to sleep
Vice is dear - and in the novel,
And there he is already triumphant ...
This form of narration - with lyrical digressions - helped the author to recreate the picture of the society in which he lives: readers will learn about the upbringing of young people, about how she conducts her free time literally by reading 20 stanzas. After reading chapter 1, we saw the image of Onegin.
As Herzen wrote: "... the image of Onegin is so national that it is found in all novels that receive any recognition in Russia, and not because they wanted to copy him, but because they constantly observed near themselves or in themselves."
The novel "Eugene Onegin", as already mentioned, became a diary novel. This is how N.I. Nadezhdin: “With each new line it became more obvious that this work was nothing more than a free fruit of the leisure of fantasy, a poetic album of live impressions of a talent playing with his wealth. ... Its very appearance, with indefinite periodic outputs, with incessant omissions and leaps , shows that the poet had neither a goal nor a plan, but acted according to the free suggestion of a playing fantasy ”.
CONCLUSION:
Lyrical digression - the author's speech in an epic or lyric-epic work, expressing in a direct form the author's attitude to the depicted. The lyrical digression thus introduces into the work the image of the author-narrator as the bearer of the highest, ideal point of view of A.S. Pushkin especially emphasizes the combination of epic and lyric genres. His novel in verse is not only a story about the lives of heroes, but also a lyrical work filled with the author's individuality. Lyrical digressions serve to expand artistic space, creating the integrity of the image: from household parts generalizations, up to large-scale images filled with philosophical content.
"Onegin" is the most sincere
The most beloved child of his fantasy.
Here is all life, all soul,
all his love;
here are his feelings, concepts,
ideals ".
(V.G.Belinsky)
The artistic uniqueness of the novel is largely determined by the special position that the author occupies in it. The author in the novel "Eugene Onegin" is a man without a face, without appearance, without a name. The author is the narrator and at the same time the "hero" of the novel. The author reflects the personality of the creator of "Eugene Onegin". Pushkin gave him much of what he experienced, felt and changed his mind himself. However, to identify the Author with Pushkin is a gross mistake. It must be remembered that the Author is artistic image... The relationship between the Author in Eugene Onegin and Pushkin, the creator of the novel, is exactly the same as between the image of any person in a literary work and his prototype in real life. The author's image is autobiographical, it is the image of a person whose "biography" partially coincides with the real biography of Pushkin, and the spiritual world and views on literature are a reflection of Pushkin's. He persistently reminds readers of the "literary" nature of the novel, that the text he creates is a new, life-like reality that must be perceived "positively", trusting his story. The heroes of the novel are fictional, everything that is said about them has nothing to do with real people... The world in which the heroes live is also the fruit of the creative imagination of the Author. Real life is only material for the novel, selected and organized by him, the creator novel world... The author maintains a constant dialogue with the reader - he shares "technical" secrets, writes the author's "criticism" of his novel and refutes the possible opinions of magazine critics, draws attention to plot twists and breaks in time, introduces plans and drafts into the text - in a word, not makes it possible to forget that the novel has not yet been completed, has not been presented to the reader as a “ready-to-use” book that you just need to read. The novel is created right before the eyes of the reader, with his participation, with an eye to his opinion. The author sees him as a co-author, referring to a multifaceted reader: "friend", "foe", "friend". The author is the creator of the novel world, the creator of the narrative, but he is also its “destroyer”. The contradiction between the Author - creator and the Author - "destroyer" of the narrative arises when, interrupting the narration, he himself enters the next "frame" of the novel - on a short time(with a remark, remark) or fills it in whole (with the author's monologue). However, the Author, breaking away from the plot, does not separate himself from his novel, but becomes its “hero”. Let us emphasize that “hero” is a metaphor, conventionally denoting the Author, because he is not an ordinary hero, a participant in the plot. It is hardly possible to isolate an independent "plot of the Author" in the text of the novel. The plot of the novel is one, the Author is outside the plot of the action. The Author has a special place in the novel, defined by his two roles. The first is the role of the narrator, the narrator, commenting on everything that happens to the characters. The second is the role of the "representative" of life, which is also part of the novel, but does not fit into the framework literary plot... The author finds himself not only outside the plot, but also above the plot. His life is part of the general flow of life. He is the hero of the "novel of life", about which it is said in the last verses of "Eugene Onegin": Blessed is the one who left the holiday of life early, without drinking to the bottom Glass full of wine, Who did not finish her novel And suddenly knew how to part with him, As I am with Onegin my. Separate intersections of the Author and the heroes (the meetings of Onegin and the Author in St. Petersburg, which are discussed in the first chapter, Tatyana's letter (“I am holy to his bank”), which came to him), emphasize that the heroes of “my novel” are only a part of that life, which is represented in the novel by the Author. The image of the Author is created by other means than the images of Onegin, Tatiana, Lensky. The author is clearly separated from them, but at the same time, correspondences, semantic parallels arise between him and the main characters. Not being an actor, the Author appears in the novel as a subject of statements - remarks and monologues (they are usually called author's deviations). Speaking about life, about literature, about the novel that he creates, the Author sometimes approaches the heroes, sometimes moves away from them. His judgments may coincide with their opinions or, conversely, oppose them. Each appearance to the Authors of the text of the novel is a statement that corrects or evaluates the actions and views of the characters. Sometimes the Author directly points out the similarities or differences between himself and the characters: “We both knew the passion of the game; / Weighed down the life of both of us; / In both hearts, the heat died away "; “I am always glad to notice the difference / Between Onegin and me”; “That's exactly what my Eugene thought”; “Tatyana, dear Tatyana! / With you now I shed tears "... Most often, compositional and semantic parallels arise between the statements of the Author and the lives of the heroes. The appearance of the author's monologues and remarks, outwardly not motivated, is associated with plot episodes with deep semantic connections. The general principle can be defined as follows: the deed or characterization of the hero evokes a response from the Author, forcing him to speak about a particular subject. Each statement of the Author adds new touches to his portrait, becomes a component of his image. The main role in creating the image of the Author is played by his monologues - author's digressions. These are fragments of the text, completely complete in meaning, possessing a harmonious composition and unique style. For the convenience of analysis, they can be divided into several groups. Most of digressions - lyrical and lyrical-philosophical. In them, saturated with a variety of life impressions, observations, joyful and sorrowful "notes of the heart", philosophical reflections, the spiritual world of the Author is revealed to the reader: this is the voice of the wise Poet, who has seen and experienced a lot in life. He tasted everything that makes up a person's life: the strong, sublime feelings and the cold of doubts and disappointments, the sweet torments of love and creativity and the painful melancholy of worldly vanity. He is either young, mischievous and passionate, or mocking and ironic. The author is attracted to women and wine, companionship, theater, balls, poetry and novels, but he also notes: "I was born for a peaceful life, / For the silence of the village: / In the wilderness, the lyre voice is louder, / Creative dreams are more vivid"... The author keenly feels the change in a person's ages: the cross-cutting theme of his reflections is youth and maturity, “the age is late and infertile, / At the turn of our years”. The author is a philosopher who has learned a lot of sad truth about people, but never ceased to love them. Some digressions are imbued with the spirit of literary polemics. In an extensive digression in the third chapter (stanzas XI-XIV), an ironic “historical and literary” reference is first given, and then the Author acquaints the reader with the plan of his “novel in the old way”. In other digressions, the Author gets involved in disputes about the Russian literary language, emphasizing loyalty to the "Karamzinist" ideals of youth (chapter three, stanzas XXVII-XXIX), polemicizes with the "strict critic" (V.K. Küchelbecker) (chapter four, stanzas XXXII-XXXIII ). Critically assessing the literary opinions of opponents, the Author defines his literary position... In a number of digressions, the Author sneers at ideas about life that are alien to him, and sometimes openly ridicules them. Objects of the author's irony in the digressions of the fourth chapter (stanzas VII-VIII - "What less woman we love..."; stanzas XVIII – XXII - "Everyone has enemies in the world ..."; stanzas XXVIII – XXX - “Of course, you have seen more than once / of the county lady's album ...”), the eighth chapter (stanzas X – XI - “Blessed is he who was young from a young age ...”) - vulgarity and hypocrisy, envy and malevolence, mental laziness and depravity, disguised by secular good manners. Such deviations can be called ironic. The author, in contrast to the "honorable readers" from the secular crowd, does not doubt the true life values and the spiritual qualities of people. He is loyal to freedom, friendship, love, honor, looking for sincerity and simplicity in people. In many digressions, the Author appears as a Petersburg poet, a contemporary of the heroes of the novel. The reader learns a little about his fate, these are just biographical “points” (lyceum - Petersburg - South - village - Moscow - Petersburg), slips of the tongue, hints, “dreams” that make up the external background of the author's monologues. All the digressions in the first chapter are autobiographical, part of the digressions in the eighth chapter (stanzas I-VII; stanzas XLIX-LI), in the third chapter (stanzas XXII-XXIII), in the fourth chapter (stanza XXXV), the famous digression in the end of the sixth chapter , in which the Author-poet says goodbye to youth (stanzas XLIII – XLVI), a digression about Moscow in the seventh chapter (stanzas XXXVI – XXXVII). Biographical details are also "encrypted" in literary and polemical digressions. The author takes into account that the reader is familiar with modern literary life... The completeness of spiritual life, the ability for a holistic perception of the world in the unity of light and dark sides- the main personality traits of the Author that distinguish him from the heroes of the novel. It was in the Author that Pushkin embodied his ideal of man and poet. The novel "Eugene Onegin" is the most difficult work of Pushkin, despite the apparent lightness and simplicity. VG Belinsky called "Eugene Onegin" "an encyclopedia of Russian life", emphasizing the scale of Pushkin's "long-term work." This is not a critical praise for the novel, but a capacious metaphor for it. Behind the "variegation" of chapters and stanzas, a change in narrative techniques, there is a harmonious concept of a fundamentally innovative literary work - a "novel of life", which has absorbed a huge socio-historical, everyday, literary material.
The image of the narrator in many of its features is close to Onegin. It reveals the same culture of intelligence, a critical attitude to reality; but he has something that Onegin does not have - a huge love of life:
I love frantic youth
And tightness, and shine, and joy ...
In terms of upbringing, views, convictions, tastes, habits of life, everyday life, traditions, he is a product of the same noble culture as Onegin and Tatiana. However, the image of the author-narrator opposes them all: his character is the most complete and rich character. He is above all of them, because he knows not only what Onegin, Tatiana, Lensky are like in life, the essence of their views and behavior as certain social types, but also realizes their social significance, realizes not only the "imperfection of the world" (which is also characteristic of Onega well], but also the inferiority of the Onegins themselves.
Along with an analytical mind, brilliant wit, subtle irony, he is characterized by passion, strength, energy and optimism.
TO environment the attitude, like Onegin's, is negative:
He who lived and thought cannot
In my heart, do not despise people ...
In the image of the author, one can see a character exercising his social role in poetic work, in artistic creation... Pushkin devotes a lot of space to "Muse", to inspiration in his work in general, and in particular, in Eugene Onegin, associating his significance for the future with creativity, seeing in inspiration a healing principle.
Perhaps it won't sink in Summer
The stanza I composed ...
Bless my long work
Oh you epic muse!
But this realization of its social significance by no means removes the basic insoluble contradiction of the author's image. It lies in the fact that, with all the sharpness of criticism of modern noble society, awareness negative sides social reality and the inferiority of the characters created in them, the author at the same time does not have a definite positive program that he could put forward. Nevertheless, it is in the character of the author that Pushkin asserts the possibility of development, movement forward, and the search for some new paths.
Thus, we have come to the conclusion that in "Eugene Onegin" Pushkin conducts his novel not as an impassive observer, fixing events, but as an active close participant in the events and persons described in the novel. The image of the author, his "I" runs through the entire novel, carries a certain semantic function; the author's assessment accompanies the entire development of action and character.
Oscar Wilde said: "The main purpose of nature, apparently, is to illustrate the lines of poets."
Gennady Pospelov wrote: “In literature Xviii- XX centuries, landscapes have acquired psychological significance. They became a means of artistic development inner life person. "
We give the floor to the group led by Viktoria Rudenko. Subject: " the role of the landscape in the compositional unity of the novel ”.
Scenery - artistic description open space (nature, city, etc.), part objective world literary work; helps to understand the actions of the characters, conveys them state of mind, creates the emotional atmosphere of a work (or episode) or is given for the purpose of contrasting the activities of people.
The problem of our research is:
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The novel in verse "Eugene Onegin" is one of the greatest assets of Russian literature of the 19th century. Everyone who read this work found something new for themselves. VG Belinsky rightfully called the novel “the encyclopedia of Russian life”.
In Eugene Onegin, AS Pushkin separated the author from the protagonist. The narrator, on whose behalf the story is told, is present in the novel along with other characters. And the attitude of the author differs from the attitude of his heroes.
The poet in the novel raises many problems: a person's position in society, the influence of historical conditions on a person, unhappy love, the meaning of life. Lyrical digressions, in which the author expresses his attitude to events and heroes, and also philosophizes on various topics, give a special originality to the novel.
In my opinion, in his lyrical digressions, Pushkin emphasizes the spiritual closeness of himself and the protagonist of the work: “Onegin is my good friend”, “Tatiana is a dear ideal”. The author's reflections are primarily an extra-plot element, with the help of which the narrator addresses the reader from the pages of the book, while certain ideas are expressed directly, and not on behalf of any character.
In "Eugene Onegin" there are twenty-seven lyrical digressions and about fifty different lyrical insertions. For the novel, which the author himself called "free", it is this form of communication with the reader that is very important, since it creates the feeling of a relaxed conversation on the most different topics... So, Pushkin reflects on his favorite pastime - literature, about the desire to write in prose.
I think the lyrical digressions seem to recreate the image of Pushkin himself - an intelligent, loving, humane man. This was the reason for Belinsky to say: “Onegin” is Pushkin's most sincere work, the most beloved child of his imagination, here is his whole life, all his soul, all his love; here are his feelings, concepts, ideals ”. In lyrical digressions, the poet raises the pressing problems of his modernity, and also addresses eternal, human issues. Most often this is associated with love:
Love has no age;
But to young virgin hearts
Her impulses are beneficial
Like storms outside the fields.
In the rain of passions they freshen
And they are renewed and ripen -
And the mighty life gives
And lush color and sweet fruit.
In another digression, Pushkin writes about romantic literary heroes, to which the author gives his own, special characteristics:
Lord Byron, by the whim of a fortunate
Clothed in dull romanticism
And hopeless selfishness.
The poet also refers to the society of his day, in which there is a lot of envy, pretense and cruelty. Often, some absurdity in this society can cause death or murder of a person:
Enemies!
They are to each other in silence
They are preparing death in cold blood.
Do they not laugh until
Their hand was not stained,
Do not get loose amicably.
But wildly secular enmity
Afraid of false shame.
Pushkin rejects the traditional introduction with an appeal to the muse, but there is something similar to this at the end of the seventh chapter:
By the way, there are two words about that:
I'm singing a young friend
And many of his quirks
Bless my long work
Oh you, epic muse!
The language of lyrical digressions is notable for its liveliness, simplicity and expressiveness, which, in my opinion, creates spontaneity and friendliness in relation to the reader and the heroes of the novel. Through the language of the narrative, the author expressed his attitude towards the characters. So, in the first chapter, the reader is familiar with Onegin, Pushkin applied the style of secular speech with its peculiarity “without being forced to touch everything lightly in conversation”. He used French English words, with a grin told about Onegin's upbringing, about his education. Describing the subtle and impressionable nature of Lensky, the author used romantic vocabulary: “He wandered in the world with a lyre”, “the soul was kindled in him with a poetic fire”.
The author describes his beloved heroine Tatiana in a completely different way. Special affection and warmth sound in his words. The epithet dear is used very often: “I love Tatiana so much”, “Tatiana, dear Tatiana”, “and dear Tanya's youth fades away”. Also, describing her image, the narrator uses diminutive forms of words: “wrote with a lovely finger”, “a voice sounds”. Talking about the girl's love, the poet adorns the lines with epithets and metaphors, emphasizing her emotional anxiety: "drinks, a seductive deception", "cheeks are covered with instant flame." Thus, various artistic and stylistic means were successfully used by Pushkin to express his attitude towards the heroes and for a more accurate characterization of them.
Thus, we can say that the author in the novel appears as an educated and wise person. He is deep and attentive to the problems of contemporary society. His statements are so vivid and expressive that later they became aphorisms ("you can be a sensible person and think about the beauty of nails .." ... The author often empathizes with his heroes, and he is not indifferent to their fates.
I think "Eugene Onegin" - amazing piece because it did not resemble others in either its form or content. The peculiarity of the novel is in its content and relevance both for the nineteenth century and for our days.
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- Creating the novel Eugene Onegin, this “encyclopedia of Russian life,” Pushkin gave a picture of all strata of Russian society. But describing all this Pushkin ...