Prove that Mtsyri is a romantic hero. "Mtsyri" - the romantic hero of the poem

The poem "Mtsyri" is the fruit of the active and intense creative work of Mikhail Yuryevich Lermontov. Even in his youth, the poet's imagination painted the image of a young man on the verge of death uttering an angry, protesting speech in front of his listener "- the senior monk. In the poem" Confession "(1830, the action takes place in Spain), the hero, imprisoned, proclaims the right to love, The fascination with the Caucasus, the desire to depict situations in which the courageous character of the hero can most fully reveal himself, leads Lermontov, at the time of his highest talent, to create the poem "Mtsyri" (1840), repeating many verses from the previous stages of work over the same image.Belinsky V.G. Articles about Lermontov. - M., 1986. - P. 85

Before "Mtsyri" the poem "The Fugitive" was written. In it, Lermontov develops the theme of punishment for cowardice and betrayal. Short plot: a traitor to duty, forgetting about his homeland, Garun fled from the battlefield, not taking revenge on his enemies for the death of his father and brothers. But neither friend, nor beloved, nor mother will accept the fugitive, even everyone will turn away from his corpse, and no one will take him to the cemetery. The poem called for heroism, for the struggle for the freedom of the fatherland. In the poem "Mtsyri" Lermontov develops the idea of ​​courage and protest inherent in "Confession" and the poem "The Fugitive". In "Mtsyri" the poet almost completely ruled out the love motive that played such a significant role in "Confession" (the love of a monk hero to a nun). This motive was reflected only in a brief meeting of Mtsyri with a Georgian woman at a mountain stream. Belskaya L.L. The Motive of Loneliness in Russian Poetry: From Lermontov to Mayakovsky. - M .: Russian speech, 2001 .-- P. 163

The hero, conquering the involuntary impulse of a young heart, renounces personal happiness in the name of the ideal of freedom. The patriotic idea is combined in the poem with the theme of freedom, as in the work of the Decembrist poets. Lermontov does not share these concepts: love for the motherland and the thirst for will merge into one, but "fiery passion". The monastery becomes a prison for Mtsyri, the cells seem stifling to him, the walls are gloomy and deaf, the guards-monks are cowardly and pitiful, he himself is a slave and a prisoner. His desire to find out, "for the will or the prison, we were born into this world," is due to a passionate impulse for freedom. Short days to escape are his will. Only outside the monastery he lived, and did not vegetate. Only these days he calls bliss.

Mtsyri's freedom-loving patriotism least of all resembles a dreamy love for his native beautiful landscapes and expensive graves, although the hero misses them too. Precisely because he truly loves his homeland, he wants to fight for the freedom of his homeland. But at the same time, the poet sings with undoubted sympathy the warlike dreams of the young man. The poem does not fully reveal the hero's aspirations, but they are palpable in hints. Mtsyri remembers his father and acquaintances first of all as warriors; it is no coincidence that he dreams of the battles in which he is. wins, it is not for nothing that dreams attract him to the "wonderful world of anxieties and battles." He is convinced that he could be "in the land of fathers, not of the last daredevils." Although fate did not allow Mtsyri to experience the ecstasy of battle, he is a warrior with all the structure of his feelings. He was distinguished by severe restraint since childhood. The young man, proud of this, says; "Do you remember, in my childhood I never knew tears." He gives vent to tears only during the escape, because no one sees them. Belinsky V.G. Articles about Lermontov. - M., 1986 .-- P. 98

The tragic loneliness in the monastery tempered the will of Mtsyri. It was no coincidence that he fled from the monastery on a stormy night: what terrified the fearful monks filled his heart with a sense of brotherhood with a thunderstorm. Mtsyri's courage and resilience is manifested with the greatest strength in the battle with the leopard. He was not afraid of the grave, because he knew; returning to the monastery is a continuation of the previous suffering. The tragic ending testifies that the approach of death does not weaken the spirit of the hero and the power of his freedom-loving patriotism. The old monk's admonitions do not make him repent. Even now he would have "exchanged heaven and eternity" in a few minutes of life among his loved ones (verses that aroused censorship dissatisfaction). It was not his fault if he did not manage to become a fighter for what he considered his sacred duty: the circumstances proved to be insurmountable, and he in vain "argued with fate." Defeated, he is spiritually not broken and remains a positive image of our literature, and his masculinity, integrity, heroism were a reproach to the fragmented hearts of fearful and inactive contemporaries from the noble society. The Caucasian landscape is introduced into the poem mainly as a means of revealing the image of the hero. Good D.D. Lermontov and Pushkin: Life and Work of M.Yu. Lermontov. - M., 1941. - P. 35

Despising his surroundings, Mtsyri feels only a kinship with nature. Imprisoned in a monastery, he compares himself to a pale typical leaf that has grown between damp slabs. Having escaped free, he, together with sleepy flowers, raises his head when the east becomes rich. A child of nature, he falls to the ground and learns, like a fairy-tale hero, the secret of bird songs, the riddles of their prophetic chirping. He understands the dispute between the stream and stones, the thought of severed rocks eager to meet. His gaze is sharpened: he notices the shine of snake scales and the ebb of silver on the leopard's fur, he sees the teeth of distant mountains and a pale strip "between the dark sky and the earth", it seems to him that his "diligent gaze" could follow the flight of angels through the transparent blue of the sky ... (The verse of the poem also corresponds to the character of the hero). Lermontov's poem continues the tradition of progressive romanticism, Mtsyri, full of fiery passions, gloomy and lonely, revealing his "soul" in a confession story, is perceived as the hero of romantic poems.

However, Lermontov, who created "Mtsyri" in the years when the realistic novel "Hero of Our Time" was also created, introduces features into his work that are not present in his earlier poems. If the past of the heroes of "Confession" and "Boyar Orsha" remains completely unknown, and we do not know the social conditions that shaped their characters, then the lines about Mtsyri's unhappy childhood and fatherland help to better understand the feelings and thoughts of the hero. The very form of confession, characteristic of romantic poems, is associated with the desire to reveal deeper - "to tell the soul." This psychologism of the work, the detailing of the hero's experiences are natural for the poet, who at the same time was creating a socio-psychological novel. The combination of abundant metaphors of a romantic nature in the confession itself (images of fire, fieryness) with a realistically accurate and poetically stingy speech of introduction is expressive. ("Once a Russian General ...") Belinsky V. G. Articles about Lermontov. - M., 1986 .-- S. 85 - 126

The romantic poem testified to the growth of realistic tendencies in Lermontov's work. Lermontov entered Russian literature as a successor to the traditions of Pushkin and the Decembrist poets, and at the same time as a new link in the chain of development of national culture. According to Belinsky, he introduced his own "Lermontov element" into the national literature. Briefly explaining what should be put into this definition, the critic noted the "original living thought" in his poems as the first characteristic feature of the poet's creative heritage. Belinsky repeated "Everything breathes with original and creative thought." Russian literature of the 19th century: A large educational reference book. M.: Bustard, 2004 .-- S. 325

In this poem, in reality, a romantic plot, and, of course, a romantic and dreamy hero - Mtsyri.

He dreams of escaping from the monastery to the place where he was happy until he ended up in captivity in the monastery. Mtsyri is very confident in his abilities and, having escaped from the monastery, still hopes to reach the depths of the Caucasus Mountains, to find his family and relatives. This has been his dream since childhood. From childhood he grew up as a hermit along with his relatives, and life in a monastery was alien to him. In confession, he says that he is still very young and did not know life. He dreamed of a simple human life in freedom, he wanted to love, hate, breathe the fresh air of his native places, walk in the open.

After he escaped and found himself in the middle of nature, he felt incredible happiness. In those moments, he merged with nature into a single whole.

Signs of a romantic piece

One of the styles that a work of art can be written in is romanticism. The main features of this trend are:

• the action takes place in circumstances unusual for the hero;
• the hero does not accept the ideals and foundations of the society in which he lives;
• there is a conflict between the hero and society, which is resolved tragically;
• the hero is an extraordinary personality that stands out from the rest;
• there is no distance between the hero and the author, for whom the main thing is to show the thoughts and feelings, the inner state of the character.

Possessing a cynical character, M.Yu. Lermontov could not accept the world as it is, therefore romanticism becomes the poet's favorite style. In the poem "Mtsyri" you can find all the signs of a romantic work.

"Mtsyri" - a poem in a romantic vein

From the familiar world, Mtsyri falls into a monastery, into which he falls as a youth. But not only the monastery is an unusual environment for the protagonist: during his escape, he is struck by the beauty and exoticism of the nature of the Caucasus.

The monastery will never become a home for Mtsyri, the very name of the hero means "stranger", "stranger". The activities to which he must devote his life seem to him dull and meaningless, he is attracted by another world, filled with bright events, in which feelings live, passions rage.

Mtsyri's rejection of the monks' way of life leads to an escape to the beautiful, free world, but he also does not accept Mtsyri: after wandering, he again finds himself in the monastery. The inner conflict for the hero is resolved tragically: he prefers to die than live in captivity.

Mtsyri's actions, his worldview and dreams indicate that he is an extraordinary person. Among monks, he is "superfluous", a stranger, therefore he is doomed to mental suffering, loneliness and early death.

Why didn't Mtsyri stay free, because his wounds were not fatal? The reason lies in the poet's idea: such a strong personality as Mtsyri should die tragically. The drama of the poem is explained by the author's worldview, his personal perception and attitude to life.

Lermontov was in love with the Caucasus from early childhood. The majesty of the mountains, crystal purity and at the same time the dangerous power of rivers, bright unusual greenery and people, freedom-loving and proud, shook the imagination of a big-eyed and impressionable child. Perhaps that is why, even in his youth, Lermontov was so attracted by the image of a rebel, on the verge of death uttering an angry protest speech (the poem "Confession", 1830, the action takes place in Spain) in front of the senior monk. Or maybe it was a premonition of his own death and a subconscious protest against the monastic prohibition to rejoice at everything that is given by God in this life. This keen desire to experience ordinary human, earthly happiness is also heard in the dying confession of young Mtsyri, the hero of one of the most remarkable Lermontov's poems about the Caucasus (1839 - the poet himself had very little time).

Before "Mtsyri" the poem "The Fugitive" was written. In it, Lermontov develops the theme of punishment for cowardice and betrayal. Short plot: a traitor to duty, forgetting about his homeland, Garun fled from the battlefield, not taking revenge on his enemies for the death of his father and brothers. But neither friend, nor beloved, nor mother will accept the fugitive, even everyone will turn away from his corpse, and no one will take him to the cemetery. The poem called for heroism, for the struggle for the freedom of the fatherland.

In the poem "Mtsyri" Lermontov develops the idea of ​​courage and protest inherent in the "Confession" and the poem "The Fugitive". In "Mtsyri" the poet almost completely ruled out the love motive, which played such a significant role.

in "Confession" (the love of a monk hero to a nun). This motive was reflected only in a brief meeting of Mtsyri with a Georgian woman at a mountain stream. The hero, conquering the involuntary impulse of a young heart, renounces personal happiness in the name of the ideal of freedom. The patriotic idea is combined in the poem with the theme of freedom, as in the work of the Decembrist poets. Lermontov does not share these concepts: love for the motherland and thirst for will merge into one, but "fiery passion".

Mikhail Yurievich Lermontov, a famous Russian poet, is one of the brightest representatives of the direction of romanticism in literature. His works are often dedicated to feelings of despair and spiritual bondage, which are due to the severity of earthly life and the inability to live freely.

Lermontov has always been attracted by the power of the elements of the human spirit and the desire to remain oneself, despite the circumstances and trials. The romantic poem "Mtsyri" is also devoted to this topic. The poet gives the romantic image of the protagonist that burning despair and that thirst for free will and life, which gives the poem an atmosphere of gloomy despair and hopelessness.

The image of Mtsyri in the poem

Mtsyri's life is hard and unbearable - he is imprisoned in a monastery, and desperately longs to return to his homeland and enjoy its vastness and fresh air. Being in captivity, he suffers extremely hard, and decides to run away, despite the fact that this may lead to his death.

The mental anguish is unbearable, and Mtsyri understands that it is better to die than to live like this. Lermontov raises the topic of the Caucasus, which is characteristic of Russian literature of that period. The wild and beautiful nature of this land corresponds to the people who live in it - they are freedom-loving people, strong and courageous.

This is how Mtsyri is presented, who values, first of all, his freedom and his ideals, and does not resign himself to reality. And the majestic and impressive nature of the Caucasus emphasizes the romantic mood of the poem, and the character traits of the main character Mtsyri.

Contrasting dream and reality

The description of nature speaks of the romantic ideal and the desire to become spiritually richer, of the passion that is in the human soul and which leads the hero into a world that seems ideal and real to him. The hero of Mtsyri himself is an opposition to the whole world, therefore he is not like other people, real ardent feelings live in his soul, which does not allow him to endure imprisonment.

He seeks to know something exceptional, and is ready to see it in the world around him. He is lonely in his soul, as he feels his isolation from other people. Mtsyri is the concentration of will, courage and true passion. Lermontov created his hero just like that, because he wanted to emphasize the opposition of dreams and reality.

His hero escapes from the monastery, and after going through many trials, he never made it to his home. He dies, but it is important how exactly Mtsyri dies - happy and peaceful. Mtsyri thanks fate for those wonderful moments that she gave him in nature, and understands that for the sake of these moments it was worth the risk - to leave the monastery and meet death worthy.

The tragic end of the poem- this is a triumph of the inner freedom of the protagonist, who, despite death and obstacles, feels truly happy. His desire for freedom is the main lesson that Lermontov wants to present to his readers, the poet points out that it is for this that it is worth living and overcoming difficulties.

This inner landmark of Mtsyri is a symbol of the meaning of human life. And his rebellious nature, which is revealed in longing for the Motherland, suggests that in life it is worth looking for something exceptional and unusual, and that which fill human existence with true emotional feelings.

Tell us about the characteristic features of a romantic hero (using the example of the hero of the poem Mtsyri).

Answer

In my opinion, the boy from Lermontov's poem "Mtsyri" is a very romantic character. When he told the priest his story of escape, he told, showing his pain, he told how he longed to return to his homeland with such sincerity, he gave away everything that had accumulated in his soul during the trip.

The author interprets the image of the protagonist of a romantic poem in an unusual way. Mtsyri is devoid of external signs of exclusivity; this is a weak youth. The halo of enigma and mystery, the titanic individualistic traits characteristic of a romantic hero, is absent in him. The very confession of the hero helps him to convey the slightest emotional movement as accurately as possible. He not only talks about his actions and deeds, but also motivates them. Mtsyri wants to be understood, heard. Talking about his motives, intentions, desires, successes and failures, he is equally honest and sincere in front of himself. Mtsyri is confessed not in order to relieve the soul or remove the sin for his escape, but in order to relive the three blissful days of life in freedom:

You wanna know what i did
In the wild? Lived - and my life
Without these three blissful days
It would be sadder and darker
Your impotent old age.

But romantic poems are characterized by the presence of an exceptional, contradictory personality, whose attitude to the world around him is ambiguous. The exclusivity and strength of Mtsyri are expressed in the goals that he sets for himself:

Long ago I thought
Take a look at the distant fields
Find out if the land is beautiful
Find out for the will or the prison
We will be born into this world.

From childhood, being captured. Mtsyri could not come to terms with bondage, life among strangers. He yearns for his native aul, for communication with people close to him in customs, in spirit, strives to get to his homeland, where, in his opinion, “people are free, like eagles” and where happiness and will await him:

I lived a little, and lived in captivity.
Such two lives in one,
But only full of anxiety
I would trade if I could.
I only knew the power of thought,
One - but fiery passion ...

Mtsyri runs not from his own environment to someone else's in the hope of finding will and tranquility, but breaks with the alien world of the monastery - a symbol of an unfree life in order to reach the edge of the fathers. Homeland for Mtsyri is a symbol of absolute freedom, he is ready to give everything in a few minutes of his life at home. Returning to his homeland is one of his goals, along with the knowledge of the world.
Throwing a challenge to fate itself, Mtsyri leaves the monastery on a terrible night when a storm broke out, but this does not frighten him. He, as it were, identifies himself with nature:

"Oh, as a brother, I would be glad to embrace the storm."

During the "three blissful days" spent by Mtsyri at large, all the wealth of his nature was revealed: love of freedom, thirst for life and struggle, perseverance in achieving the set goal, unbending willpower, courage, contempt for danger, love for nature, understanding of its beauty and relics:

... Oh, I'm like a brother
Would be glad to hug with the storm!
With the eyes of the clouds I followed
I used the lightning hand to catch ...

Exceptional traits The personality of the hero of romantic poems helps to reveal the presence of a love story in these poems. But Lermontov excludes this motive from the poem, since love could become an obstacle for the hero on the way to achieving his goal. Having met a young Georgian woman by the stream, Mtsyri is fascinated by her singing. He could follow her and connect with people. Finding himself in a situation that is very important for the romantic hero - in a situation of choice, Mtsyri does not change his goal: he wants to go to his homeland and, perhaps, find his father and mother. Refusing love, the hero chose freedom over her.

And one more test had to pass Mtsyri - a fight with a leopard. He emerges victorious in this battle, but he is no longer destined to go to his homeland. He dies in a foreign country, with strangers. Mtsyri was defeated in a dispute with fate, but the three days he lived in freedom personify his life, if it had been in his homeland. The hero of Lermontov's poem finds the strength to admit defeat and die, not cursing anyone and realizing that the reason for the failure lies in himself. Mtsyri dies, making peace with the people around him, but freedom remained above all for him.