Arguments on the topic addiction. OGE: arguments for the composition "What is life values

Less than a month we have to the final essay on literature, which should certainly write well. After all, the exercise on the composition is a direct admission to such an important exam as the EGE in the Russian language. In order to write work qualitatively, the student it was necessary to read the works of Russian and foreign classical literature throughout the 11 years of school study. But what, if there was no time for reading, or the extensive literary material had already managed to forget? Do not worry. After all, it is especially for such force majeure situations (which, as you know, with all the following) we have prepared a bank of arguments from literature in all five directions of IP.

For each of the directions, we selected for you several arguments that can be suitable for commenting on many possible topics. Multi-Little Litrecon wishes you the favor of Fortune and offers it to "hack" with the help of pre-prepared arguments. Go!

This is not such a difficult direction, will be suitable for the preparation of anyone who is not sure about their literary talents. Therefore, the arguments of the multi-sided Literegon picked up from well-known works that will definitely do not cause questions from inspectors. If you still have wishes for examples, express them in the comments - add.

"Fathers and children", I. Turgenev

The problem of the relationship of fathers and children relating to the discharge of the Eternal Dilemmas of Humanity, rises in the novel "Fathers and Children" I.S. Turgenev. The name of the work speaks for itself. The dispute of two generations is revealed by the example of the relationship of the "fathers" (they are represented by the Nikolai brothers and Pavel Kirsanov) and "children" (this is Arkady Kirsanov, son of Nikolai Petrovich Kirsanova, and Evgeny Bazarov, friend Arkady). Philosophy of Nihilism seized the Bazarov, which has an impact on the comrade. Representatives of the older generation are talked for traditional values \u200b\u200band do not understand the coiling denial of the unshakable foundations. The conflict of ideological positions leads to a duel between Evgenia and Pavlom Petrovich. The final of the work is unexpected - the main character dies from severe illness in the parents' house. The death of such a strong, characteristic character is a symbol of the insolvency of nihilistic views in society and the victory of "fathers" over the "children". Arkady, abandoning fashion trends, returns to the Lono of the family, acquires his own, adjacent to the camp "Fathers". It becomes a carrier of traditional values.

Here you can "pick up" the argument about bad and good children and their attitude to the family. Evgeny was indifferent to parents, did not find time for communicating with them. When he arrived for the first time in three years, he did not even even dropped to a conversation with his father, but immediately went to sleep, although the eye did not climb. But the old men still loved their heir, and when he died, only they came to his grave. But Arkady loved and read his father, even nihilism could not solve them. He approved his marriage with Fuenus, in every way supported him, wishing only happiness. In the finals, both families healed together, harmony reigned in their birth nest. And all because the young man did not disappear with his father.

"Captain's daughter", A. Pushkin

Andrei Petrovich Grinev, sending the 17-year-old son of Peter to the service in the Belogorsk fortress near Orenburg, gives the young man's father's fedentity: "Take care of a dream of a dream, and the honor of the Smalod." These words become the most important in the fate of a young man, literally determine his fate. Peter does not lose dignity in difficult situations. He is ready to help a person who fell into trouble, and his good is repeatedly returning to him. He always remains honest in front of his homeland, faithfully observing the covenants of the parent. The work shows an example of a favorable effect of paternal education for children. Andrei Petrovich Grinevich brought up a real, brave and honest citizen of his country and a merciful man.

Masher Mironova's parents take death from Pugachev, not writing honor. Especially touching the scene when Vasilis Egorovna brings sacrifice to keep her husband at the last moment and raise the morale of other people doomed to death. Their daughter also went to the footsteps of the relatives and was not afraid to enhance the chosen one before the Empress. This family is characteristic of courage, honor and readiness for self-sacrifice. The work will be a good argument about the similarity of children and fathers, features of good upbringing and family values.

"Scarecrow", V. Zhemezhnikov

The granddaughter of Lenka, an awesome sixklassnist comes to the elderly Nikolai Nikolayevich. In a new class, she was waiting for ridicule, bullying and misunderstanding of classmates. Lenka gets an offensive nickname "Stuffed" and is subjected to constant attacks by evil schoolchildren. The girl and her peers represent generation of children, in turn, the generation of fathers is represented by the figure of the sixth grade class, the teacher Margarita Ivanovna and the Grandfather "Stuffed" Nikolai Nikolayevich. The work about what happens when adults closes their eyes to the problems of children, providing them with themselves, leaving them alone with cruelty and misunderstanding.

Failure to see children's sorrows can lead to irreparable consequences and repentance of an adult in front of the child. And Margarita Ivanovna, and Nikolai Nikolaevich understand that they made a mistake and repent. Grandfather decides to leave the city along with his granddaughter, and the teacher understands that he did not see adult experiences of his students with his own happiness.

This beautiful mental story opens with the words: "Strange: Why are we just like before your parents, whenever we feel your guilt before teachers? And not for that at all, what was at school, no, but for what happened to us after. " The protagonist of the story, the Rustic Boy of Volodya, comes to study in the fifth grade in the district center, 50 km from the house, to the aunt, which has three children. 1948 year. Endless hunger pursues a boy, the mother sends him a parcel with potatoes and bread, but he notes that his reserves "somewhere" disappear, and because of hunger begins to play for money with classmates. Class teacher, teacher of French Lidia Mikhailovna, prank the boy, trying to help. She sends him a parcel with food, but he guess where it was, and returns everything to the teacher from pride. Lydia Mikhailovna presents a generation of fathers, the boy of Volodya and his classmates - children. The teacher plays with a child for money, but not in his favor, but to help the schoolboy to win at least some pennies for food. The director of the school lives through the wall, he enters the apartment and sees the game. The woman returns to Kuban, and the boy in the winter receives a parcel with pasta and apples, which previously seen only in the pictures.

Here the problem of mercy, kindness, generosity is rising, which can help you and when writing an essay on other suitable thematic directions. The main topic of the story is the responsibility of "fathers" for "children", not only of their own, but all those who need help, and the gratitude of young people for all the good, which she received once from mature people.

"Cherry Garden", A. Chekhov

The work in which "fathers" and "children" are changing in places. Infantile parents, especially the love of Andreevna Ranevskaya, and her brother Leonid Andreevich Gheaev is absorbed in dreams and memories of the old years spent in the estate. The house together with the cherry garden should be exhibited for debts, but the older generation only says that the house must be saved, but there is no steps to salvation. But the children are forced to take over the concerns of "fathers" to preserve the beautiful surname garden. But Anya, Varya and Peter Trofimov adopt at the ancestors at the ancestors and only talk about changes for the better and planting a new garden. Infantile stupidity of "adults" completes its work, and the estate with the garden expects sad fate. This is a book about how the older generation does not affect young people, leaves her for the arbitrary of fate. Andreyevna's love itself carries daughters on poverty, seeking to spend all the capital on the content of the lover in France.

Here you can find an argument about the continuity of generations: Lopahin was the grandson of the peasant, which the cost of labor and perseverance bought the family from the ownership of the nobles. The hero inherited hard work, grip and a practical estimate of ancestors and became a rich capitalist. This is a positive example of the effect of education for children.

"Mother of Human", V. Zapotkin

The war took her husband from her pregnant Mary and Son, but she continues to live for the sake of a future life, she saves the girl to Sanya, who also dies soon, then regrets the young German who calls her "Mom!". All the lives flock to Mary, and in the end, the shelter of seven Leningrad orphans listed on the burnt farm, she meets the victory of the real mother. She becomes a patroness of all living things. There are no other people's children for her, the struggle for life by the people, and the woman becomes a symbol of the country's revival from the ash. She retained these children, only because of her care they survived, so this argument is ideal for the disclosure of the "Mother's role".

The problem of love and responsibility of "fathers" for "children", the problem of mercy, generosity (instead of revenge German, as a representative of the hostile people who destroyed the family of Mary, she regrets him, takes, forgives) and kindness - all this is revealed in this book. The work can be used as an argument to other thematic directions.

"My friend Momich", K. Vorobyov

Saprut Sasha remains on the care of his native uncle. She loves their neighbor, Momic, who takes care of an abandoned family into his hands. A small hero in their relationship discovered the meaning of the Union of Men and Women, infinitely devotees and loving each other. The orphan saw the chastity family, in which Momich is a mentor, defender, father, teacher. But the apocalyptic time of the 30s, insisting on the "movement" forward, offered the models of new "families". For example, there was a "commune" - so power presented themselves to the association of other people's people in the "Social Institute of New Type". There no one belonged to anyone, everyone could pairously fall with everyone. Sanka with aunt fall into this "paradise" (with distinct signs of the concentration camp), but Momich "kidnaps" them from there, saving a woman with a child from an imminent violence. This is an example of the importance of the family of the family in the life of people. The boy survived the difficult post-revolutionary time only thanks to the receiving parents who did not regret the forces on his proper education. Alexander will become a bold and brave defender of the Motherland and the patron saint of weak and oppressed.

Revenge and generosity

Any military work almost always raises the problem of revenge or generosity: B. Vasilyev "And the dawns here are quiet", V. Bykov "Sotnikov", L. Tolstoy "War and Peace", etc. We will dwell on more diverse examples, but if you certainly need a "combat" arguments, pleasure in the comments, there you can write what you need to add to the selection, and we will listen to your advice.

"Terrible revenge", N. Gogol

This story from the cycle "Evening on the farm near Dikanka" tells about two stories of revenge. The main canvas of the work tells about the history of Danilo Burulbash, his wife Katerina and her father, turned out to be sorcerer. Her parent, among other things, was collusion with lyhas. Due to personal accounts, the son-in-law and the testing Danilo turns out to be in prison, and then dies. Deferaned Katerina obsesses revenge. And decides to kill my father. However, he kills her himself. This is an excellent argument for evidence that the retribution does not make anything good and in general destroys families.

The story of the song of Old Bandurist about the brothers Ivan and Peter. Ivan caught Turkish Pasha award decided to divide with his brother. But envious Peter pushed Ivan with a baby in the abyss and took everything good. God gives Ivan the right to choose a penalty for a brother. He curses all the offspring of Peter and, as the brother gives the end, the ghost of Ivan will overthrow himself in the abyss, and all his grandfathers will pull out from different ends of the earth to gnaw him, and Petro, Mounty and, Onemen, will nibble himself. God was horrified, but decided to fulfill the will of Ivan. So, the thirst for plants turns a good person in the proof of hell, ready to apply any toys to implement their goals.

"Hero of our time", M. Lermontov

The tragic consequences of revenge are displayed in the Roman M. Yu. Lermontov "Hero of Our Time". A quick-tempered Highlander Kazbich is in love with the daughter of Circassian Prince, Beauty Balu, and wants to conquer her heart. But the girl kidnaps the young officer of the royal army Grigory Pechorin, and with her, and Kazbich's horse for Bali Azamat's brother. Circassians decides to revenge. After having stopped when the girl remains alone, steals it and tries to take away, but, noticing the chase, the sacrifice is fatally wound and throws on the road. Bal is dying, and Kazbich does not achieve anything with its revenge and remains with nothing. The conclusion may be like this: the retribution has nothing to do with justice, since people just try to compensate for their spiritual torments, forgetting the equivalent punishment for the culprit of their troubles. As a result, even innocent people suffer from such an act of aggression.

Another example of this work: Duel Pereshnitsky and Pechorin. In an effort to take recent Gregory for his ridicule and success in the conquest of the heart of Princess, the young man decesses the name of his own beloved, trying to provoke a friend to clarify the relationship. During the preparation, the UNCER intended to opponent an inactive weapon, but his deception was painted the opponent. Without waiting for recognition in an attempt to make meanness, Pechorin killed the enemy left with his face without the ability to defend themselves. Thus, the revenge again ruins all human virtues and feelings (Grushnitsky sacrifices a reputation as a beloved girl for the realization of their plans), and also leads to terrible consequences (the Junker died in color years). In addition, it cannot be considered fair, because no jokes are not the death of a person.

"Master and Margarita", M. Bulgakov

The central theme of the novel is a conflict of good and evil. But hand in hand goes here to motives of revenge and generosity. Roman "Master and Margarita" is called often the Gospel from Satan. And Voland is peculiar and revenge in him and in God (Berliozu as evidence of the existence of God (and hence the devil), the proliferation itself cuts off his head of the tram), and the generosity to people who are peculiar to real love and real talent. Woland encourages the truth and honesty, but punishes lies and failing. His behavior can be called fair, and this revenge is to justify, because many characters really need a life lesson who would teach them to think about something other than the apartment issue.

Margarita is a woman who has generosity. It rents from a stable rich life for the sake of a favorite master living in poor Camorla of the basement. He is obsessed with Roman, and she is love for him. For the sake of his search, she goes to the victims, because the participation in the events of the devil takes a chance to immortal to the soul. The heroine boldly goes to the dark forces, risking her life, just to find and save the wizard. Also, the nobility and the generosity of Margarita appears after the ball, when she (instead of her desire), asks Woland, not to file the distraught Frida, who strangled her son, and in return receives the generous gesture of Voland - he reunites her with his beloved master.

Just as magnifery Yeshua, who does not hold evil on people who estimated him. He forgives the procurator, who condemned him to death. The young prophet alone takes a kara for everyone, protecting all the inhabitants of the Earth before God. This argument is useful to reveal the essence of generosity: this is a disinterested kindness of the price of self-sacrifice.

"Chelkash", M. Gorky

Chelkash - bamak. At Gorky Bosyaki is noble heroes, courageous and independent people, and peasants, including Gabril, are not shown from the best side. Gavril Thief takes on business. But the partner is cowardly and Zhaden to money: he understands that he does not want to share money in half, and decides to rob a colleague, hitting the head. But not this insult could not stand the Cheljash, but in the word insult. The guy tells him that he is an extra person, and he will be useful to him, he will buy land, will create a family ... the thief does not stand up and takes extraction, but then decides to give him everything. But this is not a generosity generosity, but a kind of revenge Gavrile. The peasant returned for the forgiveness to his friend, and he wants the greedy man to kill conscience. This is a good example of an imaginary generosity, which only seems so, and in fact it is sophisticated, but fair revenge (fair, because it did not entail the victims and became an important lesson for a young guy).

The same example is useful for disclosing the theme of kindness and cruelty, dreams and reality. The cruel turned out to be not the one from whom everyone was expected, but an ordinary person, and his aggression is impregnated with indifference to everyone besides himself. So, the essence of cruelty is indifference, and not in kind of activity or lifestyle. Even the thief and the tramp can be humane.

The dream of Gavrila about the family and honest work becomes a reason for him for an attempt on human life. For the sake of his happiness, he is ready for everything, and this willingness becomes fatal for his environment. The zincionality at a desire can generate unprincipledness and immorality, so the feces do not always help a person to live, sometimes they even interfere, because they turn it into the beast.

In the legend about Larre Gorky gives an example of the revenge of the people to proud sown of the eagle. Larra loved the girl, and she did not respond to him. In retaliation, proud Narcissus kills her. The elder of the tribe is expelled, and it is doomed to eternal loneliness. When aimless lonely life is bored with Larre, he approaches the tribe so that people kill him, but realizing that it is just a trick that he craves murder, they retreated from the traveler to extend his torment. Scary, but fair revenge, which can be called justice, because no one has suffered from it, except for someone who deserved it. She became a lesson for all society and a good warning for those who do not appreciate the rights of other people as their own.

In the legend about Danko Gorky gives an example of how generosity can play a keen joke with a man. The selfless hero is trying to bring his tribe from the forest, in which people simply chuckled from poisonous evaporations. He takes the situation in his hands, and boldly paves the path through the thicket. When the people began to despair, Danko snatched the heart from his chest and illuminated them the road into a wide steppe. Having reached the goal, he died happy. And someone came on his heart. Nobody appreciated the feat of Danko. Award for the young man - only the goal he has achieved. The generosity often remains unnoticed and brings people disappointment and even physical harm.

"My friend Momich", K. Vorobyov

Sanka is an orphan, his aunt of Friend brought him, his native uncle Ivan's wife. Momich is a neighbor Hero, Maxim Evgrafovich. Momich and Friend love each other. At that time, the authorities tried to strengthen believers in some foggy "religion of a bright future", destroying the old temples. The boy who became a particularly believer after acquaintance with Momich, watched the opposition of power and a small church. But with him they killed the aunt Friend, when she made an attempt to stop the tearing of the cross from the church. Sanka recalls that Momich "nursed a dead aunt", and after the funeral put a dish with water and hung the towel - "To wash the soul." But widowed Momch does not Astrate. He goes into the forest, as "in the Pretch of the Church." The hero abandoned the retribution on ideological reasons: he was a believer and could not respond to a blow. So, a religion can save from the thirst for human revenge.

There is no place for war in war, because the soldiers of the warring armies are desperately revenge. Thus, the adopted father of the main character was killed by the Nazis, who learned that it helps the partisans. Momich could not do differently, because in the forests of frozley and starved his comrades and fellow citizens, and his behavior is understandable and commendable from a human point of view. But in wartime, true values \u200b\u200bare inferior to false, and people become bloodthirsty enemies to each other. Therefore, a man whose behavior would approve all Germans in a peaceful life, killed in punishment for the "crime."

Kindness and cruelty

This direction can be found in each work, so the choice of books is huge for him. Everything that can be useful to write is difficult, the multi-face lithograph will act selectively. If you would like to get some kind of defined argument, write about it in the comments, he will be glad to add it.

"My horses fly", B. Vasilyev

In this work, you can find an example of the importance and significance of kindness. Thanks to Dr. Jansen, the mother of the Hero decided to make the birth of a child. The woman was sick with a stupid, and she persuaded to stop pregnancy, but the doctor's council became a support for hope. Responsive doctor worked out and supported the patient, did not give her to be discouraged and sorry himself. In spite of everything, the heroine gave birth to a son and became happy. A kindness is an indispensable condition for the existence and interaction of people, its role in our world is difficult to overestimate. It is this quality that the person can save the person and give him a chance to appear on the light, because our life begins with the kindness of parents and their environment. All of them seek to give the road to new generations, and without responsiveness, sympathy and willingness to help humanity would have long stopped, as no one would sacrifice his comfort to give way to new people.

Dr. Janson is a kind person whose profession requires this quality. And he really phenomenally developed him to help people save them. For these features, the hero was very valued in Smolensk, he became a symbol of dedication and nobility. Even his death was a consequence of a good attitude towards citizens: he died, pulling out children who fell into the sewer. Such situations show the true nature of the person: the one who is truly kind, will not leave defenseless children to the mercy of fate. So, the true virtue is ready to sacrifice its interests for the sake of salvation of those who cannot help themselves. This argument is useful in the disclosure of topics: Who can be called good? What are the deeds talk about kindness?

There is also an interesting example, distinguishing kindness and mercy. In the cavalry regimental school, the main character of the work exercises in a considerable case on the horse, to which it was very attached. He loved these animals, he treated them in kind, respecting for the work they give people. Boris worked well for his partner, sought to treat her neatly and carefully. This is a kindness: every day a man faith and cared for his assistant. But his horse wounded during the airline, and the squadron commander shot it from mercy. This act is a consequence of pity and compassion, because the poor animal suffered from pain, and the only means to help her - a murder stopping flour. The commander accepted the severity of this massacre, but she facilitated the fate of the horse. This is the difference of kindness and mercy: one quality means good and responsible attitude towards the surrounding, and the second is the ability to compassion and the desire to facilitate the flour of someone who is bad and hurt.

Dubrovsky, A. Pushkin

Cruelty showed Troceurov when, because of the life dispute, the process of capturing the estate of his old comrade began. He bribed the officials who recognized him with the true owner of the kystendeer. Bogach left his poor friend without housing and capital. The helpless old man died, affected by injustice in the heart. And so, when Kirila Petrovich repented in the deed evil, I realized that I was getting glad, it was too late: his only real friend accepted premature death by his fault. Conclusion: the cruelty is irreversible and entails tragic consequences.

You can also find an interesting example on the topic: "Who can be called a cruel man"? Troceurov not only destroyed the only friend, but also ruined the life of his native daughter, who was married for the unloved person. Marya prayed father to cancel the wedding, because she did not love Veresky. But Kirila Petrovich was adamant: he knew better what was needed for her daughter, and this is something - wealth. Only in him the old man saw the meaning of being. He ignored the needs of Marya and obstructed her for stagnation without love and happiness. True, the one that harms even members of the family itself and is indifferent to the eternal values, preferring to them material.

In addition, there is an argument proving that the cruelty can be justified. Dubrovsky, losing his father, estate and prospects, desperately and decided to take revenge offens. The first step was the burning of the estate, which went to Troekurov illegally. In the flame of fire killed sales officials, because one peasant from the peasants locked the door. Then Vladimir began to rob local landlords, forming a gang of gangsters from runaway peasants. Of course, his behavior is brutally and illegally, but it is justified by the reader, because the hero suffered and lost everything that he had, due to sales, injustice and greed all those whom he robbed. Like a noble robber, he took away from the rich to give away the poor. This is a desire for justice worthy of respect, but people who are obeyed in the troubles of the people who can not stand up for themselves worthy of ill-treatment as a punishment.

"Dog Bread", V. Tenryakov

In this book, you can find an example of the effect of cruelty on children. The protagonist in Siberia lived in Siberia, at the station settlement, when there were referred to the sponsored wealthy peasants. Without coming to the place of reference, they turned out to be thrown in a hungry death in a small birch in front of the villagers. Adults managed this place to the party, and the children could not restrain the children from curiosity. They called "Kurkulmi", and the children from afar watched the death of these unfortunate. The head of the station was terrified by such a strange curiosity, and he wondered that he would grow out of these rippers. From the height of his years, the author is surprised at how he, a little boy, did not go crazy from such a spectacle. Brutal times have greatly reflected in the children, and they grew up in the atmosphere of the pood indifference to death and egoism. From this memoirs, the narrator could not get rid, even as an adult. Its moral and moral condition was forever undermined by these horrific living conditions. There was a lot of time, but thoughts about those years still torment the author.

There is also an interesting method, proving that it is originally good, just circumstances forcing them to change to the worst. It can also be used as part of the topic: "Can a kind person commit a cruel deed." The hero does not show pity for the smoked, but himself wears the remnants of their lunch. Nevertheless, he could not feed more than two people, and the hungry became more and more, and they began to line up at the fence of his house. He could not stand this cargo and drove them. It is no longer wearing bread "Kurkulam", but the conscience is restless. And here the dog appears in the village, hungry. And the boy decides to help her. But the narrator notes: "I didn't fade from the famine PSA with slices of bread, but my conscience." The hero was kind, but could not help everyone who needed it, so circumstances forced him to harm him and throw hungry "fists" on the mercy of fate.

"Dark alleys", I. Bunin

Even if the cruelty is not punishable by people, the fate itself stops her. So, the hero of the Bunin book named Nicholas was the victim of her cruel deed. Once he threw his mistress, as a result of which the girl remained lonely for life. The man did selfishly, because at that time a woman who lost innocence out of marriage, was considered the fallen and unworthy of the proposal of the hand and heart. Nikolai, without thinking, observed for loneliness and shame, as he got carried away by another lady. He really loved his legitimate wife, but she did not share his feelings and left his spouse. The hero was very worried about the loss, but for a long time he had hopes for his son, thought he would find happiness in his society. However, and then he could not disappear from revenge on fate: the young man grew by the "scoundrel". Obviously, in someone else's misfortune of happiness, he could not build. The cruelty of the hero in relation to the abandoned hope was punished, although not directly.

Kindness does not happen without honesty and patience. A visual example confirming this statement is the position of the heroine of the story of the Bunin "Dark Alleys". Having lost a loved one, hope did not look for the opportunity to marry. She still loved Nikolai, who threw it. Therefore, a woman did not deceive another man, just to arrange their destiny. She did not want to condemn the one who will take her wife, for life in lies.

"Old woman Izergil", M. Gorky

In the story of the "old woman Izergil" the first legend is the tale of Larre - the son of an eagle and a woman who is doomed for her cruelty for eternal wanderings and loneliness. He considered himself above the others due to mysterious origin. Once from the tribe of farmers and hunters, a huge eagle, who lived on the highest mountain, kidnapped the most beautiful girl. Her searches were not crowned with success, and twenty years after the death of the eagle, she returned with the wonderful young men, her son. The boy was very beautiful, but proud and cold, he was not considered any of the tribe, nor with elders, than caused the perturbations of all the people around him. But the last drop in the pastness of the patience was his disgusting act - the murder of all in his eyes in anything is innocent girl who rejected Larru. This cruelty did not remain without punishment, and the offender was expelled from society. Even God punished him eternal loneliness. Only then, the young man understood his mistake and repented, but it was too late.

Another example can be brought if the topic concerns the superiority of kindness over beauty. Izergil in his youth was a rare beauty, a woman was guarded and wore on her arms. She survived many adventures and bright moments. However, in old age, the heroine was not necessary for anyone: she did not have a loving husband, nor children or serious achievements. As soon as beauty gave way to fading, the entire value of this person disappeared. But if Izergil was famous for kindness and responsiveness, and not just a wonderful appearance, it would not be lonely even in old age, because the true virtues are not depreciated with time.

Mu-Mu, I. Turgenev

Why do people work out? An explanation can be an example from the work of I. S. Turgenev "Mu Mu." Gerasim - a man is not angry, but absolutely clean and kind. I never offended anyone, it was respectful to everyone. Despite his slightly terrible appearance, he was very kind and wounded in the soul. But the surrounding people abused his bypassurance, for example, the same lady broke it out of the usual environment and forcibly transported to the city. Then she destroyed his dreams of marriage with Tatiana. But this seemed to her, and the landowner insisted on the killing of his servant's domestic pet. Getting one blow of fate after another, a man closed in himself and lost faith in people. After the death of Mou-Mou, he ran away from his house and returned to the village, where the remaining years lived alone. He could no longer bear the cruelty of this world, and therefore did not take responsibility for his wife or dog. He fell and closed in himself, since terrible circumstances forced him to surrender under the head of injustice.

Cruelty often neighboring power. An example can serve a lady from the story "Mu Mu." The woman could have peasants, as she wanted, and abused this, putting pressure on them and playing their fate. For example, seeking to cure a capitone from alcoholism, she married him to Tatiana, who did not love him. Yes, and drunkard was not particularly needed by a spouse. But the landowner imposed his will, without counting on their feelings and opinions. As a result, Capital was released even more, and his wife's fate was completely ruined completely. The nobleman allowed himself such experiments, feeling their impunity and permissiveness. The authorities poisoning the reason and instills in humility, so cruelty is most often becoming its manifestation.

"Lessons of French", V. Rasputin

Sometimes we do good, realizing that it will bring us harm, but still go for it, because we know that our victim is justified. Such an example is the heroine from the work of V. Rasputin "French Lessons". Lydia Mikhailovna perfectly understood that, helping Volodya, she could lose his job that she loved, but she could not do otherwise. The woman played with a boy in a gambling game, so that under this pretext gave him money for food. The poor child was hungry in the city, but did not take the hand from pride. Of course, having learned about this, the school director put the teacher at the door, and without sobering in the situation. But when Volodya grew up, he recalled the kindness of his teacher and thanked her for it. Lydia Mikhailovna perfectly understood that the kindness she showed to him could harm her, but can you stay aside when you need help to have such a help to have anything?

Sometimes cruelty in life is very difficult to notice, and people pass by her. For example, the relative of Volodya, not doubting the rightness of his actions, deprived the boy and stole his food. The fact that with great difficulty sent Him Mom, became the prey of a woman who did not give anything to the child, condemning him to hungry childhood. He might die of exhaustion if he had not thought of playing money. But the fate of Volodya was not interested in his relative, who had not seen anything bad in his actions. She, of course, justified himself, thinking that she had three children, there was little money, and then it was also an extra mouth to feed. But such actions can not be justified, because they have one truly true foundation - indifference to other people.

"White Bim Black Ear", Troypolsky

The story of a strong friendship of man and dogs will come in handy for argumentation on the topic: "Why do you need a kindness to our smaller brothers?". A small setter wanted to kill, because he was not at all like a purebred, but the writer saved the dog, taking to himself. Bim grew solely smart, gentle and good pet. The dog understood all the senses of the owner and was able to repay him good for good, showing unprecedented devotion. Ivan Ivanovich Less in the hospital, and Bim remained under the supervision of the neighbor Stepanna. He so wandered that he did not eat, and as a result, he went to look for the owner to the hospital. Realizing that the return would have to wait long, the animal suffered very much, but stubbornly sought to someone who was saved. Passing all the misadventures, the dog did not lose confidence in people and love for one only man. So, Ivan Ivanovich found in the pet of the faithful and sincere friend who worried about him and waited very much. Animals all the soul respond to kindness and give us in return all the generosity of their love, which so supports and inspires us.

There is an example of human cruelty to an animal. While the owner hurt, Bim lived in the shepherd and his son Alyosha. The shepherd loved Bima, but one day he gave him a familiar to hunting. Klim beat Bim because he, too good dog, did not finish the little animal. The man saw in his homely pet only inventory for entertainment and a type of weapons. Consumer attitude towards a dog led a person to the manifestation of unmotivated aggression. Biming Bima, the hunter behaved even worse than the beast, because the beasts are not angry and do not attack without a good reason. Thus, the cruelty of our smaller brothers leads to the degradation of the soul and mind, because the one who is capable of this does not have the right to be called a "man", because he behaves worse than the animal.

Art and craft

This is the most difficult direction, it is not so easy to find in Russian literature, so we paid special attention to him. Multi-lid Litrecon still asks you for help: Write in the comments, which lacks.

"Art", N. Gumilyov

The argument on the fact that art is forever. "All dust. - One, leaky, art will not die. The statue will survive the people "- writes Gumilev. Creativity is forever, it exists in centuries, in the pictures we restore the life of a distant past, according to the statues, you can learn about the kings that have long died, we restore the story itself on the testes and annals. Only art will live in centuries as a symbol of eternal life, because it is higher and most important and practical.

And here is the answer to the question: "What kind of art is the most valuable?". Poetic creativity The author puts on the highest pedestal. It was even a poetic word that even copper, sculpture, all material, because, as written in the Bible, was written in the Bible: "At first there was a word." It will meet in the historical memory of the peoples, because the language, in contrast to the paints and clay, own all people, so they will always need literature. She will always help them beautifully and correctly express their feelings and thoughts, without this civilization will lose the only thing that unites it - speech.

"Creativity", A. Akhmatova

In this work, the problem of the role of inspiration in creativity is raised. Poetic art is a thin matter emanating from the highest strength. So consider many creators. In the poem "Creativity", Akhmatova reveals the mystery of the birth of verse, opens up the feelings for those who forced to write: something hears (grommet rolls), something wonders, the body captures the captivating "Istival". And from a variety of sounds, the poet takes one and starts to develop it. As if something, the highest dictates poems to him, and the master of the word protrude with a medium that distinguishes signals from an unknown world and translates them into human language. Thus, the author describes inspiration and notes its importance in the process of creativity, because without mysterious, barely intown sounds, the poem is not born in the head of the poet. He needs a creative impulse called insight.

"Artists", V. Garin

Here you can find the difference between art from the craft. In front of the reader, two artists - Ryabinin and grandfathers. They are comrades, learn at the St. Petersburg Academy of Arts. Grandfall is a representative of pure art. He is important to the beauty of creation, and not his meaning. Ryabinin wants to create in the social vein, wants to reach the hearts and the thoughts of the viewer and begins to draw a portrait of the Glukhary, who lands the holes in the boilers from the inside. Glukhary receive a small fee for work, quickly stupid and die. Grandfall does not encourage the ideas of colleagues, he does not understand why the ugly. He is entirely for beauty and harmony, for the paintings that please the eyes. But Ryabinin finishes work and, selling it, falls from nervous shock. After this incident, he decides to never write pictures anymore, but to deal with something socially useful. The hero had enough forces to realize and it was accepted that he just used art in order to promote his ideas. He did not want to create his task was to attract public attention to the problems of the people. The painting itself was secondary for him, so Ryabinin can be called an artisan. But grandfather is a true artist, he was only interested in the beauty of the canvas, and he was engaged in creativity for the sake of the process itself, and not the result. His activity and was real art.

There is also a good example, revealing the topic: "Genius and villainism - two things are incomplete." Grandfall is a very talented painter who fate has given the opportunity to completely take themselves with art. And he sincerely gives him a gust of creativity, rejoicing the successful game of light on the canvas and looking for interesting views. It seems that this person is distracted from everything that surrounds him. He does not understand, for example, why a lot of deformity, drawing a black-worker "Gluhacha", but not from anger or egoism, but because his activities are alien. But in life, this young man is very kind and responsive. For example, he takes his sick friend to the hospital, cares about him and often visits. In his words, a genuine compassion is felt. Obviously, the young men's talent combines with kindness and willingness to help a friend in a difficult moment. Gifted people are so distant from the bustle of the world that for anger or cruelty they do not find the occasion and places in their bright soul.

"Dr. Zhivago", B. Pasternak

In this novel, you can find an argument that reveals the true purpose and force of art. Yuri Zhivago - doctor and poet. His youth falls for the time of revolution. But, despite political tensions, historical shocks that fell to the share of the hero, Yuri remains absolutely apolitical. His surname speaks for himself - he personifies life itself. He doesn't care on whose side to be, his life is important in all its manifestations and the opportunity to create. Roman completes his book poems. Each poem of Yuri is a response to events, shocks, feelings that the doctor experienced. Before the reader is being flowing in creativity. For a man, literature has become a sip of clean air, he saved from cruelty and rage of the surrounding world. Only she was shining his soul from the fever of a fratricide war, only she helped him to immerse themselves in love and find shelter in it. Thus, art treats a person, saving him from the deprived of the ubiquitous aggression. It gives him a refuge where you can restore for strength to life.

In addition, here you can find an argument on topics: "What can inspire a person"; "What is inspiration." Yuri has become particularly actively writing poetry when he met Larna - his muse. The woman has become a source of inspiration for him, because the love of her boring all the senses of a man. Such a mad passion configured him to open in the literature, to find new topics and images. The magnetic power of this girl stimulated the imagination of the Creator. Almost all the verses are dedicated to her, and after her care, the creative energy of the author went to decline. Thus, the most abundant source of inspiration for artists is love.

"Being famous ugly ...", B. Pasternak

Here you can find an example telling about the purpose of art. The author speaks of the tasks of creativity, about the landmarks of the poet. Boris Pasternak writes: "The goal of creativity is dedication, not a noise, not success. Shamefully, nothing knows, to be a parable of all of all. " Creativity for the sake of creativity, for the sake of response in the hearts of the reader - here is the main goal of the poet. Neither glory, no money makes the Creator Creator. It is precisely the number of touched mental strings of readers or viewers determines the value of the artist. The author's darling is, above all, the victim in the name of the beauty and meaning of the syllable, smear, notes. He is only a conductor of a brilliant message, priest in the temple of creativity. Honor and recognition is only a hype that does not mean anything, because the real Creator does not take care of the crowd, but ahead of her expectations for hundreds of years. Thus, the purpose of the cultural worker is to express the entire potential laid in it, reach their capabilities and surpass it to the peak.

"Portrait of Dorian Graya", O. Wilde

In this work, you can find an example revealing the essence of talent. Sybila Wayn is a brilliant actress that lives the scene and the masterfully reincarnates to the heroine of the plays. A rich nobleman sees her on stage and falls in love with her image, in her passion on stage. Sibila loved him, but she wanted to appear in front of him, without masks and false theater. For the sake of love, the girl played badly, destroyed her talent. However, the young man loved the talent on his elected. When his ideal crumbled in the fluff and dust, he was disappointed in it. She wanted to be real for him, stop living with other people's roles, and this desire was fatal for her gift reincarnation. Thus, talent is a fragile and vulnerable skill that makes its owner with an exceptional, but very dependent person. The exclusiveness of the abilities will legitimize his personality in which the surrounding see the carrier of the gift, and not individuality.

This novel is rich in arguments, so the Multi-Lie Litrecon dedicated him, there are a lot of high-quality examples.

Martin Eden, D. London

This book has a good example concerning the hard fate of the Creator, as well as talent prices. The sailor is aware that he wants to become a writer. So began his long way of disappointments and small victories in the world of literature. The poor man was difficult to engage in self-education and creativity, because at the start I really did not pay. Martin writes books during the day and night, he has nothing to eat. When he dies from hunger, everyone drives him, he does not see help, an understanding from people who are proud of their education and affiliation to the highest circle, but can not stretch the hand to help when it really needs. Having survived a lot of humiliation and testing, the hero still achieves his and becomes a fashionable author, which stands out against the background of others. Thus, talent is, above all, the diligence of a person and his ability to self-development. Being gifted is very hard, because geniuses often remain incomprehensible and persecuted, and they always recognize them with difficulty, since people do not like those who stand out at least something.

There is also a good argument about why creative people often oppose society? A white band begins in Martin's life: after a long launcher and the pores of failures begin to print. He becomes a glorified writer, rich and respected man. But the hero is aware that externally changed a lot, but internally he remained the same Martin Eden. Writing and reading made it an intellectual and cultural interlocutor. But he does not understand why earlier, when he needed a meal, in understanding, no one wanted to support him, and now, when he has everything, his name is for dinners, dinners and everywhere meet with open arms everywhere? Thinking about this injustice, he realized that the society was hypocritically and falsely. It is ready to accept only the winner and the legs of the feet hundreds of losers. Without withstanding the inner dissonance, Martin Eden jumps from the ship to the water and sink. So he protested against people who wanted to know only a successful writer, but they were ready to break and throw a simple seaman. Thus, the hero rebelled against the crowd of rich inhabitants, because they showed him, a poor and rich, his true face is indifferent, false and arrogant.

Dream and reality

Multi-face lithragon prefers not to dream, but to act, therefore, the appropriate arguments in this area have selected for you. If you are not enough for its fees, contact the comments, it will even take the utility you need.

"King Fish", V. Astafiev

Ignatic is the most prominent man in the village, skillful fisherman. He is lucky when it comes to fishing. But he dreams of catching king fish. A sturgeon in which more than two buckets of caviar might miss Ignatić. And one day when the main character goes to the fishery, he comes across the limit of dreams of all fishermen. There is a serious struggle of the king of the whole nature and king of the underwater world. An awkward Ignatic turns out in water, confused on its own networks. And when the fight becomes impossible, the fisherman begins to pray, ask for forgiveness from everyone who offended, forgetting the pride, he calls his brother with whom she did not want to share the prey. But God seemed to hear Ignatić, gave him a second chance, disconnecting the fisherman and sturgeon. This is an example of how a dream can harm a person, forcing him to risk life.

You need to dream about great, otherwise life can pass by. To prove this thesis, you can bring an argument from this work. The desire of the hero was catching fish, which promised enrichment. A sturgeon, which carried in itself a few kilograms of dear caviar, became the limit of dreams for the greed fisherman. He looked at fishing and even risked the life for the prick of giant fish. However, the petty consumer Gree disappointed him: being on the verge between life and death, the man realized that he did not do what it should, and now in vain. I miraculously choosing, he repents in his illusions and decides to revise the life values \u200b\u200band landmarks.

"Shinel", N. Gogol

Here, too, you can dig an example, suitable for topics: "You need to dream about great", "how to distinguish the dream of desire." Akaki Akakievich Bashmachkin is a titular adviser living in St. Petersburg. He sorry looks and causes ridiculous colleagues. All that takes it - rewriting papers. But once the hero notices that his old chinel wipes to the holes. Tailor Petrovich refuses to repair anywhere who is not a good thing, insists that Akaki Akakievich bought the material to a new one. The dream of a new clothes became the focus of the life of the chief hero. He limits himself in everything, and finally, he manage to accumulate 80 rubles on the cutting material with a new sheel. Having received her, a man is becoming more confident in herself, begins to have fun. But the thing liked robbers, and the hero remains without outerwear. This loss brought the official to premature death, because he attached things too much importance. His consumer dream was just a banal desire of a person to update the wardrobe, and he made an idol out of him, in which the meaning of being is. The mistake cost him life, but if you think about it, and he lived in vain, if the limit of his dreams was clothes.

Between the dream and reality lies the abyss, because in the imagination we will celebrate all the risks and difficulties that will probably encounter real life. They are separated by the idea of \u200b\u200breality. As an example, you can lead the dream of Bashmachkina. Thinking about the new clothes, he hoped that the representative of the surroundings was deserved by the representative appearance, which he was not enough. But in the imagination, he absolutely did not take into account the fact that the thing is a shaky and insignificant reason for pride, if only because it is easy to lose. So it happened in real life: a man robbed, and officials refused to help him look for villains. But the person who lost the illusions and hopes could not accept it and died of nervous disorder. The abyss between the feces and reality was absorbed by another sacrifice, and the reason for this phenomenon is simple: people themselves build air locks, so far from reality, that at the first dungement of the wind they dissipate, leaving only a bitter precipitate on the soul.

"Scarlet Sails", A. Green

This is an argument about loyalty to a dream and that you can't lose hope, even if everyone around is convinced of doing this. After the eight-year-old Assol heard the prediction of the collector of the eagle fairy tales about what the prince arrives at the scarlet sails, the girl began to dream about this moment, wait for his approach, although all the children laughed at her. All my life spent the Assol lonely and dislike, and fellow villagers considered her fool. But one day the girl saw the approach of the cherished ship, which was not surprised by her ill-wishers. It turns out that the traveler recognized the beautiful desire to the Heroine and decided to fulfill him, as he liked the Assol. As a result, a dreamy beauty, remaining faithful to his ideal, waited a miracle and embodied her fellow. So, a person is simply needed faith in a dream: she gives him the strength to live and strive for the better, and is also a guarantee of his success.

This example will be useful when disclosing the following: "How to achieve the execution of your dream?"; "Do I need to make an effort to bring the dream?". Artur Gray was the only child who lived in a rich childbirth of the father. He was prepared by the fate of the child with a silver spoon in the mouth, but he did not like the diplomat and aristocrat. Seeing the picture in the library on which the ship was depicted, he wanted to become a sailor. Naturally, parents did not want to hear about come the heir. Having received a refusal, the young man was not embarrassed and at the age of 15 he fled to the Yunga ship, showed himself, and after the death of his father became the captain of his own ship. It was this life that I was happy, it was in it that he saw the point, but it was not easy to achieve an embodiment of the ideal of the hero: for this he left the comfort zone and risked everyone that he had. To realize the dream, you need to try and work, otherwise the plans will remain plans.

"Horse with a pink mane", V. Astafiev

This is a good example for disclosing the topic: "How do children dreams differ from adults?"; "What do children dream of?". To work out, the grandmother sends a grandson for strawberries, which can be sold. For Lukoshko berries she walked the grandson of a gingerbread in the form of a horse with a pink mane made of sweet glaze. Such a pink gingerbread horse is the limit of dreams of all yard boys. Little Vitya very much wanted to get a gingerbread, but ate the collected berries, and instead of them stuck grass in Lukoshko, falling asleep with her strawberries from above. Cheating grandson put a grandmother in an awkward position, but, having heard sincere apologies, the elderly woman softened and handed the sweetness. He was happy. Obviously, children's dreams are very simple and naive, unlike adults, but also children, and their parents are ready to go on a lot for their desires. Nevertheless, the kids are not consciously persistently, they hardly share good and evil, but older people, of course, should be responsible to choose funds to achieve the desired result.

"Protection of Luzina", V. Nabokov

This argument will help reveal the problem of "escape from reality". Alexander Ivanovich Luzhin at the 10th age he became interested in playing chess. Now his whole life is spinning around chess combinations, complex thinking of moves. In childhood, no one understood him, but now we have a great chess player who lives exclusively inner life. He is little interested in the outside world. Reality replaced chess. All in the illusory world obeys chess and calculations. Once a draw outcome of the party with Italian Togura enters a nudio in a painful state, and he decides to "fall out of the game" - he commits suicide. The novel ends with the phrase: "Alexander Ivanovich! Alexander Ivanovich! But there was no Alexander Ivanovich. " This phrase says not only that Luzhin died, but also about the fact that Alexander Ivanovich was not at all, never had long ago. He just turned into a chess piece. The author described the tragic outcome of the "escape from reality", proving that it is a painful personality reaction to external stimuli.

Also, this example can be answered: "Why does a person run away from reality." Nobody understood a nobody since childhood, it was difficult for him to find a common language with people. The boy suffered from loneliness and accuracy, until he gained the outstand, which made it possible to leave an unwriting real world. For him, it was a chess game where all his sorrow was dissolved. He began to perceive everything he was surrounded, through the prism of the board with squares. All alive simplified to the shapes on the playing field. Even love was unable to knock down a nudio from a comfortable riding: he stubbornly continued to exist outside reality. A similar worldview was caused by misunderstanding and pressure from the Company, which led the child to the thought, which is easier to close in a cozy cocoon and avoid contact with a cruel and cold external world.

"Portrait of Dorian Graya", O. Wald

This example is suitable for an essay on the topic: "Fear of your desires." The careless dream of Dorian Gray, so that the portrait of Street instead of him came true. Now the hero is doomed to eternal life. At first it pleases the young man, because he most appreciated his appearance. The secret life of the canvas gave him impunity and permissiveness: all his flavors remained invisible to society. However, in mature years, a man realized that she was doomed to live forever, feeling all the goods of his own sins, the burden of pain, which caused people. Mountains, Dorian attacks his portrait with a knife, and dies himself. Thus, some feces should not leave the limits of fantasy, otherwise their implementation can destroy the dreamer himself, since he insufficiently weighted all the consequences of his desire and, without understanding himself, commemorate himself on the tragic finale.

And this argument will reveal the topic: "Does always dreams always come true?" The usual girl Sibila Wayn fell in love with a rich nobleman and dreamed of living with him. A more practical and reasonable brother warned her sister that she did not know his chosen one at all and was mistaken at his expense, because the rich was rarely married to the sharpeners like her. But the heroine could not stop the flight of his fantasy and had already imagined himself the wife of Dorian, as suddenly received a tough refusal from him: the young man sobbed her. Sibila could not survive betrayal and committed suicide. Her brother was right: her dream was not destined to come true on objective reasons, so the girl in vain went to her deceptive lights.

We have collected for you the best literary arguments from a variety of sources in one place. All arguments are divided by topics, which allows you to quickly find the necessary for the writing. Most of the arguments are written specifically for the site, so you can be sure that you will write a unique essay.

How to write an essay using arguments from our database, you can read in our article

Choose a theme to get ready-made arguments:

What are the arguments for?

In the third part of the exam, you need to write a little essay based on the proposed text. For the correct task, you get 23 points, which is a substantial part of the total number of points. It is these points that may not be enough for you to enter the desired university. To the task of part "C", unlike the tasks of the block "A" and "B", can be prepared in advance, armed with everything necessary for writing an essay on the topic given to you. The previous experience of the implementation of the USE shows that great difficulty when performing the task of part "C" for schoolchildren causes the argument of its position to a given problem. From what arguments you will pick up, success in writing an essay. The maximum number of points is charged for the reader's arguments, i.e. taken from fiction. As a rule, the texts presented in the tasks of the part "C" contain problems of moral and ethical. Knowing all this, we can arm yourself with ready-made literary arguments, facilitating the process of writing an essay as much as possible. Having in the arsenal we offer arguments, you will not have to see all read works from the memory itself, looking for anything suitable on topics and problematics. Please note that the allocated time for the fulfillment of all work to schoolchildren is usually not enough. Thus, we will make maximum effort in order to get 23 points for an essay on the exam.

"Truth is born in the dispute!" - We all familiar with this statement. But in order for this truth to appear, it is necessary to use a sufficient number of arguments and facts. Fact - a unit of philosophy that does not require evidence. And this value is familiar to many. What is the argument?

Philosophy

The argument is the basis of the proof or the part of it, on which the reality is based or in which the main evidence force is fitted.

Depending on the purpose pursued during proof, the argument may be several species:

1. Argument Ad Hominem (designed for prejudice). Here, the proof is based on personal prerequisites and beliefs, as well as allegations.

2. Argument ad Veritatem (truth announcement). Here, evidence comes out of the presentation, tested by science, society and objectivity.

3. Argument E Consensus Gentium. In this case, the proof is the fact that the time of the ages believed.

4. Argument A Tuto. The proof is decisive in the event of deficiency of other arguments, it is based on a judgment that if it does not help, it will not harm.

5. Argument A Baculo (Last Argument). In this case, if all the arguments are exhausted, the last argument in the dispute is the use of physical force.

Logics

Consider what an argument is in logic. Here, this concept is a combination of judgments that can substantiate the truth of the theory or other judgment. For example, there is a statement: "Iron can be melted." For the proof, you can use two arguments: "All metals can be melted" and "iron is metal." Of these two judgments, it is possible to logically with a proven opinion, thereby substantiate its truth. Or, for example, the judgment "What is happiness?" Arguments Here you can use such: "Happiness for each different", "the person himself determines the criteria by which it comes to happy or unhappy people."

rules

Arguments (a), which are used in the process of proving the truth of judgment, should be subject to some rules:

a) arguments must be true opinions and judgments;

b) they should be the judgments whose truth in any case can be installed, regardless of opinion;

c) arguments must be the basis of the provoked opinion.

If any of the rules are broken, it will lead to logical errors that will make evidence incorrect.

What is an argument In the dispute?

Arguments that are used in dispute or discussion are divided into several types:

1. To the merits of the case. In this case, the argument refers to the question that is discussed, and is aimed at justifying the truth of evidence. There may be the main provisions of any theories, scientific concepts and judgments, early established facts, proven provisions and so on.

If these arguments satisfy all the rules, the proof in which they are used will be correct from a logical point of view. In this case, the so-called iron argument will be used.

2. To man. Such arguments apply only in the case when the need to win in dispute or discussion occurs. They are directed towards the personality of the opponent and affect his beliefs.

From a logical point of view, such arguments are incorrect and should not be applied in the dispute, where participants seek to find the truth.

Varieties of arguments "To man"

The most common types of arguments "to man" are the following:

1. To authority. Here in the discussion, the opinions and statements of writers, scientists, public figures are used as arguments, and so on. Such arguments may well exist, but they are incorrect. It is determined by the fact that a person who has achieved success in a particular area cannot be an authority in other areas, so his opinion can be erroneous here.

The argument to authority can be applied using the authority of the audience, public opinion, the enemy, and even their own. Sometimes a person can invent credibility or attribute judgments to those people who have never expressed them.

2. To the public. Here a person refers to the mood and feelings of the listener. In the dispute, he is not drawn to the opponent, but to the audience, random listeners in order to attract them to their side, in this way, psychological pressure on the enemy. Especially effective to use arguments to the public in the case when its material interests are affected. So, if one opponent proves that the enemy's opinion affects those present, he will conquer their sympathy.

3. To personality. The arguments are based on the personal characteristics of the opponent, on its disadvantages and virtues, tastes and appearance. If such an argument is used, then the subject of the dispute becomes the personality of the enemy in its negative lighting. There are also such arguments that reveal the advantages of the opponent. Often this technique is used in the courts when defending the accused.

4. To vanity. D.the above method lies in the statement of a large number of praise and compliments to the opponent in order to touch him so that it becomes quiet and softer.

5. To strength. In this case, one of the opponents threatens the use of force or means of coercion. This is especially true for a person endowed with the authority or having a weapon.

6. To pity. What is an argument for pity, quite understandable. This is a calling in the opponent of pity and empathy. Such arguments are often used by many people who are constantly complaining about the severity of life and difficulties in the hope of awakening in the opponent of sympathy and desire to help.

7. To ignorance. In this case, one of the opponents uses the facts that are unknown to the opponent. Often people are not able to confess that they are unknown to them, because they believe that they will lose their dignity. That is why there is an argument to ignorane in dispute with such people.

All of the above arguments are incorrect, they should not be used in the dispute. But practice shows the opposite. Most people skillfully use them to achieve their goals. If the application of one of these arguments is noted, it follows him to point out that they are incorrect, and the person is not confident in its position.

Algebra

Consider what an argument is in algebra. In mathematics, this concept denotes an independent variable. So, speaking about tables where the value of the function from an independent variable is located, they mean that they are on a specific argument. For example, in the logarithms table, where the value of the Log X function is indicated, the number X is the argument of the table. Thus, answering the question that the function argument is, it must be said that this is the independent variable on which the function value depends.

Argument increment

In mathematics, there is the concept of "increment of the function and argument". The concept of "function argument" is already known to us, consider what is the increment of the argument. So, each argument has some value. The difference between its two values \u200b\u200b(old and new) is increment. In mathematics, this is designated as: dx: dx \u003d x 1 -x 0.

Theology

In theology, the concept of "argument" has its meaning. Here, the true proof is the divineness of Christianity, which comes out of the prophecies and the parable of wise men, as well as from the miracles performed by Christ. As evidence in the dispute, an inextricable connection of thinking and being, as well as faith in the fact that God is the most perfect reality that exists not only in thoughts, but also in the real world.

Astronomy

In astronomy, the term "argument periate" is used. So, it represents a certain amount that determines the orbits of a certain celestial body with respect to the plane of the equator of some other celestial body. The argument of the latitude used in astronomy is a certain amount that determines the position of a certain celestial body in orbit.

As can be seen to the question of what an argument is, one cannot give an unequivocal response, since this concept has several meanings that depend on which area is used by this concept. No matter how an argument would use a person to evoke truth in a discussion or dispute, it must have logical prerequisites based on proven facts. Only in this case the dispute will be correct and true. In any other case, the dispute will be incorrect, and the opponent who uses such arguments will not be sure of its right.

The complexity of the arguments that are used to prove the truth of beliefs, as well as the whole process of rationale called argumentation, the main purpose of which is attracted to attract opponent to its side in the discussion of a certain problem.

Hello everyone! I am very glad to you, my regular readers, as well as new friends!

Today, continuing the conversation on how to write the writing of reasoning, let's talk about an equally important part in our work - about the argument and arguments in the composition-reasoning.

In previous articles we studied

Throw it on, determine its optimal choose. Today, finally proceed to evidence.

Arguments - It's as if there is evidence, arguments, explanations that need to be brought to support the thesis. Without bright complete evidence overall-reasoning will not work!

Removing the types of arguments

Logic (rational) arguments, or arguments - this is what reflects the logic of the human mind, i.e. Real facts, theories, hypotheses, statistical data, laws of nature, eyewitness testimony, the results of experiments, etc.

Examples illustrations - These are examples from the literature and from the personal life or the lives of loved ones and acquaintances, as well as the case that could take place in life under certain conditions.

Authoritative opinion - Saying outstanding people, science or literature figures, which are perceived by all as axioms. Proverbs and sayings as folk wisdom, experience of the people. How to make quotes see here.

Argumentation can be both "for" and "against".

The arguments "for" are direct evidence, they must be accessible, unequivocal, reflecting an unbiased reality, rely on authoritative sources.

Arguments "against" some kind of thesis should be convincing, because you need to refute this judgment. Here you will need a certain correctness and a developed sense of tact, because You will have to criticize the authors who support the thesis, with what you can't and do not want to agree!

Phrases and speech turns to help:

I share indignation (rejection, admiration) of the author and think that ...

I am coming to mind story, heard (read, which happened to me ...)

My opinion confirms such a fact ...

The optimal number of arguments in the composition - three. That will be enough, believe me! But in terms of volume, this part of the essay should be at least 2/3 from the whole text. It is necessary to have arguments in a specific sequence. Do not post all your "Maps-Trumps" at once! The last argument should be the strongest.

If there are no exact text quotes for the argument, use indirect offers. Thus, you will give the general meaning of statements and warn errors in using quotation.

If you have two arguments, for example, your life experience and an example from a literary work, then first give a literary example. Personal experience describe after a reputable opinion.

Each argument start with a new paragraph! Paragraphs link to each other.

Does the conscience have a person who lies only himself? How does this love manifest itself in his actions? These and other issues ask Russian Soviet writer- E.A. Martmyak.

This text rises the problem of selfishness and pride. In it, three brothers received a happy clock, thereby having the opportunity to dispose of their time, which could be obtained, only helping and providing attention to others. However, they did not do this and continued to live in their pleasure, afterwards completely losing time-given time. "And what can he say if he also does not have the conscience, so that it will make a happy watch?" This problem is relevant. Nowadays, selfishness was greatly distributed. People stopped seeing the world around us, they often began to think only about themselves, their work is aimed only for the transformation and improvement of their own life. "Not in vain one sage said:" A person in labor will learn. "

All his work, all of his affairs and thoughts are aimed at the formation of the best one's own future.

This problem is found in a large number of fiction. So, for example, in the work of N.V.Gogol "Dead Souls" you can see a large number of selfish landlords. One of them is the main character of the chicker. From the earliest childhood inspired him that he had to live richly. It also gave rise to a sense of pride. Chichikov, despite the big big problems of society, poverty and hunger of peasants, continued to increase his own financial condition. So they did other landowners. They all worked only for the benefit of their own life.

If you appeal to the work of B.Vasiliev, "my horses fly", then you can see an absolutely opposite picture. Dr. Jansen was a man sincere and responsive. He always hurried to visit his patients, but never hurried to leave them. Jansen all heart wanted to help everyone. It showed his last act. When small boys fell into the sewer well, Jansen, without thinking about the consequences for himself, rushed to her aid, he understood that he himself would die, but it did not stop him. Soon the boys were saved, but Dr. Yanesen gave his life for this.

For egoism there is no present, and therefore there is no future. Such love does not carry anything valuable, rather, on the contrary, it has a great negative impact on the world as a whole.

Updated: 2018-05-17

Attention!
If you notice an error or typo, highlight the text and click Ctrl + Enter..
Thus, we will have the invaluable benefit of the project and other readers.

Thanks for attention.