Scenario of an excursion to the school museum "Russian hut". Scenario of an excursion to the mini-museum "Russian hut" (by activity)
Department of Education of the City of Moscow North-West District Education Department State Budgetary General educational institution Moscow city "School number 1747" preschool department "Star" Moscow, 3rd Mitinsky lane, 6, bldg. 2, tel .: 8 (495) 753-32-02
Prepared and conducted
educators GBOU "School number 1747" before "Star"
- Elena Nasrtdinova,
- Marina Alexandrovna Koroteeva.
Tasks:
Educational area « Cognitive development»
- Expand children's ideas about Russian folk culture... To form the primary ideas of children about Russian life, the utensils of the Russian family, toys.
- Educational area « Speech development»
- To enrich the vocabulary of children, to acquaint with the names of parts of the hut, Russian utensils: a grasp, a shovel for bread, a cradle, a cast iron pot, a red corner, a tuesa. To develop the dialogical speech of children, to continue to form the ability to answer questions.
- Develop memory, logical thinking, children's imagination.
Educational area "Social moral development»
- To instill an interest in Russian culture, the history of your people, to introduce children preschool age to Russian folk art (proverbs, nursery rhymes, lullabies).
- Develop the ability to work together, listen carefully to the teacher, and engage in dialogue.
- To form labor skills and skills in the manufacture of handicrafts from fabric.
Educational area "Artistic and aesthetic development"
- Develop creative possibilities into the process of integrating various types of activity: verbal, artistic, musical, play.
- To form the ability of children to make the simplest rag doll.
- Form the ability to recognize the nature of music.
Educational area "Physical development"
- Form the ability to move to the beat of the music. Introduce a new Russian outdoor game "Carousel" .
Equipment: mini-museum exhibits "Russian hut" : old household utensils, pictures depicting modern household items and furniture, tambourine, ribbons according to the number of children, fabric and threads for making amulets dolls.
Preliminary work: reading fiction, viewing illustrations, acquaintance with Russian folk toy, Russian folk games.
Course of the lesson:
The teacher asks in the group:
Educator: - Guys, what is the name of the country in which you and I live? (Russia) In the old days, our country was called Rus.
Guys, do you want to know how our ancestors lived in the old days? (Yes) Today we will visit a very interesting place- a Russian hut, very similar to the one in which Russian people lived many years ago. We will see the items that were used in the old days.
Children come to the museum.
Educator: - So we came to our hut!
In a sundress, with bread and salt, the children are greeted by the second educator - Grandma-Zabavushka, who will later conduct the lesson.
Grandma-Amusement: - Hello, good fellows and red girls. You are welcome to visit us in the hut. Come in, welcome!
Children sit on a bench.
Grandma-Amusing: - We ask you to come to our hut,
For the red guest - the red place.
In crowded but not mad,
Where it is closer, there is more fun.
Grandma-Funny: - Guys, how did you meet the guests before? In the old days, guests were greeted with jokes, jokes and games. Let's say hello to each other too.
Held finger play "Guests" .
Grandma-Funny: - Guys, do you know how people built their huts? And they built them like this: there was a rule in Russia: the owner went to the neighbor: "Come," he said, "good people, help me build a hut." . "We will certainly come!" - answered the neighbor. The owner walked to another neighbor, and he did not refuse to help him.
In the morning, many men gathered, and together with the owner began "Chop down the hut" ... And they built such a hut from wooden logs. "Chop the hut" means to build, and it was built with axes. In Russia, there were such craftsmen that they could build a hut without a single nail, so the logs were hanged up and adjusted, that the hut was strong, not subject to any wind.
What does it mean "Chop down the hut" ? (Build it with an ax).
Grandma-Amusing: - To make the house happy, you had to follow the traditions of your ancestors. A hole was made in the wall or roof of a new house so that all troubles and misfortunes flew through it. When everything was ready, a cat or a chicken with a rooster was first allowed into the dwelling, which determined whether it was possible to live here.
But in Russia people knew how not only to work well, but also to have fun. Listen to what a funny melody the Russian people have invented. Feet themselves dance. Well, come out, honest people, to the Russian dance.
Together with the teacher, children perform arbitrary movements to the accompaniment of Russian folk dance "Lady" .
Grandma-Fun: The stove occupied an important place in the hut. The stove was an integral part of the dwelling. What did she serve? (Was a source of warmth and light.) She borrowed most at home. There is even a riddle about the oven: "What can't you get out of the hut?" ... What else could you do on the stove? (You could sleep on the stove, or lie down, warm yourself.) A brick stove was folded and coated with clay, and a stove-maker put the stove on. But on the stove it was not only possible to sleep and bask near it. What else could she do? (Bake bread, prepare food.)
And what is this long stick for, and even with horns? This is a grip. It was needed in order to pull a hot cast iron with soup or porridge out of the oven. And this scapula? (Listen to the children's answers.) And the shovel was needed in order to get the bread out of the oven. And here he is ripe for bread.
The teacher invites you to feel the aroma of a fresh loaf. I am
Grandma-Funny: - What kind of bread? (Fragrant, fragrant, fresh ...)
Guys, who knows the proverbs about bread? (There would be bread, but there would be porridge ... Without salt, without bread - half lunch. Bread - father, water - mother. As long as there is bread, but water - it’s not a problem. Lunch is bad if there is no bread.) And here's another one: "The well-fed thinks about business, and the hungry about bread."
Granny-Amusement: - The most important place in the hut - "Red corner" . "Red corner" - the most honorable place in the house. The very name of the angle "Red" means "beautiful" ... He was removed with embroidered towels. "Red corner" tried to keep it clean and elegantly decorated. Low doors with a threshold were cut through in the house. When a guest entered the house, he had to bow to "Red corner" , and only then he greeted the owners. A person who came to the hut could pass into "Red corner" only at the invitation of the hosts.
V "Red corner" the main place was occupied by the table. "Not a piece of bread - table - board" - so the peasants said. In the Russian hut, almost everything was done by the hands of the peasants themselves. The furniture was homemade, wooden, very simple. Benches where they slept, a chest for things, benches for a seat at the table, shelves for utensils.
Grandma-Funny: - Guys, look what is on the shelf? Yes, these are the dishes used by the people in the villages. It is made of wood and clay. Tuyesa (the teacher shows and lets the children touch) made from the bark of trees. They kept food in them. And these are various jugs for liquid: for milk, for honey. These are all called kitchen utensils. And here are the buckets and the rocker. What was the rocker for? Yes, because it is inconvenient to carry heavy buckets in your hands, so they came up with a rocker.
Generalizing part: the game is carried out "Old - new" ... The teacher shows pictures with modern objects, and the children find old counterparts.
Grandma-Funny: - In the old days, children also loved to play with toys, just like you. Toys were made from different material What was at hand from that and made: sculpted from clay, cut out of wood, knitted from thread, from rags, carved from bone. Then the toys were gradually improved. Admire the beautiful matryoshka dolls This matryoshka figurine is carved from a wooden block. It is split into two parts, and a figurine appears in it. And so a few dolls. Matryoshka is a symbol of which country? (Russia.) Ancient traditions are still preserved, although in the world of toys everything has changed. What material are the most toys made of now? (Made of plastic.) The girls loved to play with dolls, rock the cradle. Do you remember when you and I learned a lullaby?
Grandma-Funny invites the girls to rock the cradle and sing a lullaby:
Sleep, my dear, byu-byu-bye.
Beloved doll, close your eyes.
I'll undress you, put you in bed.
Tomorrow we'll get up together, we'll play again.
After that, the teacher shows a rag doll.
Grandma-Amusing: - Such dolls were made for their children by their relatives: mothers, grandmothers, older sisters and brothers. These were not simple dolls, they were called amulets. What do you think this means?
Do you guys want to make such a doll? (Yes)... Who will you give it to? (To mom, grandmother, sister.)
Children, under the guidance of a teacher, make a seamless rag doll.
Grandma-Amusing: - Today we traveled to the past and learned how to make a rag doll-amulet.
When people were resting, what did they like to play? (In outdoor games.) Do you want to play an outdoor game? (Yes.) Who will we start the game with? Who will tell the counting rhyme?
(Vanya is riding, wearing a red hat,
On a silver horse.
The golden bridle rings
Looks in all directions.
Waving a lash
The horse is dancing under him.)
Under musical accompaniment an outdoor game "Carousel" .
An adult is standing in the center of the hall. In his raised hands, he holds a hoop with ribbons tied to it. Children (by the number of ribbons) stand in a circle sideways to the center, in the hands of each - the end of the ribbon. A child with a tambourine is standing on a bench to the side of the circle.
Part I. Children walk in a circle, raising their legs high. The musician strikes a tambourine rhythmically. Then he puts the tambourine on the bench and stands in a common circle.
Part II. Children run in circles to the music. With its end, everyone quickly tries to take the tape. The one left without a tape becomes a musician. The game is played several times.
Grandma-Funny: - Did you like it with us? What new have you learned today? (Children answer questions).
Educator: - Thank you, hostess! We liked everything very much.
Grandma-Funny: - You are welcome, come again! We will be glad to see you!
The children say goodbye to the hostess and return to the group.
Every decent city should have a place where you can see the life of local peoples and eat national cuisine... In one of the recent posts, I showed this. And now I'll show you ours, Saransk. In one of summer days I still managed to get on an excursion to the ethnographic complex " Mordovian courtyard". I tried three times) And now I could!
I propose to see what is inside.
Spectacles first, and then bread! Therefore, we go to the museum.
To make it easier for you to get inside , I just took a picture of the clamshell with all the information :)
It should be noted right away that these are not entirely authentic household items. It is rather stylized, but as close to reality as possible. Let's just say it's a "splint" for the city's tourists :) But it's still beautiful.
The tour starts from the hut. Spacious enough, I want to say. It does not quite reflect the historical truth, tk. Mordovians originally lived in dugouts. Then she moved to huts with a couple of windows and a hearth in the middle of the hut. This house rather reflects an ordinary rural modern hut, a maximum of a century ago.
First of all, we go into the kitchen, or as it is called in my village in the Dubensky district - the "back" hut. It usually houses the oven, cooking area, cooking utensils, and dining table.
Above the dining table there is always an icon in towels.
And here is the oven. At a time when there were still no sinks, ordinary buckets served instead. Of course, towels with national embroidery. My grandmother in the village has a very similar pattern on the towel, by the way :)
Kitchen utensils in the photo on the right - grips, wooden chips to "plant" bread in the oven, rocker, poker. In general, all the utensils are mixed here, without division by eras. Even the kerosene stove got in the way :)
Here is the red pottery I know from my grandmother's house. I see black for the first time.
In Podlesnaya Tavla we have a developed woodcarving craft. This sculpture was made there, if we were told the truth. Veteze means "fifth" :)
But "burrows" in translation means "earth". By the way, in the corner of the right picture you see a jagged board - a washing machine of the past :)
In Mordovia, as in other regions of the country, it was customary to collect medicinal or spicy herbs and dry them near the oven.
In this hut, the "back" and "front" hut are separated by a corridor. In our village, the corridor usually runs on the side..
Front hut. Usually there were sleeping places for family members, dressers / wardrobes with things and sacred family values like photographs. National costumes are displayed in the museum in the front hut. These are, of course, festive costumes. On a hanger hangs a pulai - a belt with coins and embroidery, usually decorated with fringes. It was an indispensable element of clothing, as well as a headdress. And an undershirt, always with embroidery. By the cut and embroidery it was possible to determine which ethnic group belonged to the woman who wore it. The apron was also an obligatory element.
Towels and pillows were also decorated with embroidery. The blanket on the bed is patchwork, but I'm not 100% sure that it was in reality.
Spinning wheels. As a child, I even tried to learn to spin :) By the way, the rug on the bench was knitted from thin strips of fabric. Rugs were produced in the same way.
An interesting feature of the Mordovians is the design of photo collages. I write this because I have never seen anything like it anywhere else. A large wooden frame was taken and photographs of various formats were inserted into it in random order. The photo in the museum shows Mordovians in national dress... Some of these photos are said to be originals donated to the museum.
We examined the hut, now we are going to inspect the farm. The first step is the barn. Here it is, on the right.
In all the barns of the country. Suseki :)
Everything here is familiar to everyone - buckets (although I personally have not met such in a Mordovian village), weights for scales and a frame for honey. On the left, near the weights, you can see a piece of an interesting device. This is a potato grater. They rubbed potatoes on it, squeezed juice and produced starch. And from starch, noodles were made, which, in turn, were used in the Mordovian dish "noodles".
Do you know what this is? Churn or "churner". Butter is churned in it. I once participated in the process. Then the fresh oil flakes are caught, stick together into lumps, squeezed out the buttermilk and thrown into ice-cold water to freeze. Some part of this oil is used as usual - spread on bread or pancakes, and most of it is heated in the oven, getting ghee. It is bright yellow in color and has a slightly grainy structure, with a nutty smell. Some here tried to surprise me with Indian ghee butter. Well, what can you take with Muscovites, they are all a wonder. Well, we, the children of the Volga region, know that ghee is not an Indian invention for you :) Although I’m not sure that the Mordovians didn’t take it over from the Russians.
We move to the courtyard, or in Mordovian "cardaz". Courtyards can be either under the same roof as the house, or detached. In the museum
in front of the barn is stylized corral for poultry and cattle and small ruminants.Inside, everything is usually - a manger for hay or straw. And models of animals :) In particular, in Mordovia, many keep sheep and rams.
Municipal budgetary preschool educational institution
Kindergarten No. 16 "Sun" of the compensating type
Shchelkovsky municipal district of Moscow region
Scenario
excursions to the mini-museum
"Russian hut"
(by activity)
with children of the preparatory group for school
with general underdevelopment speech.
Compiled and conducted:
Stepankova G.G.
educator MBDOU No. 16
03/10/2015
Abstract: "Excursion to the mini-museum" Russian hut ".
Educational area : "Artistic and aesthetic development"
Integration educational areas : "Speech development"; "Social and communicative development"; "Cognitive development"
Target: Continue to acquaint children with handicrafts.
Tasks:
Educational:
Continue to acquaint children with the types of folk applied arts (Gzhel, Khokhloma, Dymkovo, Bogorodsk toys, Pavlovo Posad shawls) and their characteristic features.
Encourage the desire to compose stories, express judgments, their own understanding of the artistic image.
To improve the artistic and speech performance skills of children when reading poems.
Initiate the decoration of paper figures - decoration with elements decorative painting based on the Dymkovo toy.
Developing :
Develop aesthetic feelings, emotions, interest in folk art.
Educational:
Arouse children's interest in Russian national culture.
Foster a culture of listening and visual perception.
Cultivate interest in art native land, instill love and respect to the works of Russian masters.
Instill interest in visiting the museum.
Vocabulary work : folk crafts, applied arts, elements of painting.
Preliminary work: acquaintance with the exhibits of the museum, memorizing poems; conversations with children about folk arts and crafts;
modeling of toys, painting silhouettes; examining illustrations with decorative painting patterns; repetition of the rules of conduct in the museum.
The intended result is:
1.
The horizons, imagination, artistic taste, creativity will expand.2. Children will get acquainted with ancient and modern products of folk craftsmen.
3. Vocabulary will be enriched with the names of cities and villages - the homeland of folk crafts.
Materials and equipment: items of Khokhloma, Gzhel, Dymkovo painting and other items folk arts and crafts, clearly - illustrative material of the elements of the Dymkovo painting, figures cut out of paper based on Dymkovo toys, gouache paints, brushes, jars of water, audio recording "Russian tunes".
Course of the lesson:
Educator: Hello guys! I invite you to take a tour of our museum. We will remember and again admire those items of folk crafts that are collected in our museum, and get acquainted with new ones. A lot of beautiful things were created by Russian masters. You can't even call them things. These are real works of art!
Consider these antiques with you
They tell us beauty secrets,
Will lead us into world of Russia,
Giving and kindness.
They will talk about folk
Miracle - to the masters!
Educator: Today we have guests, and we are always glad to see guests. I invite them to join our excursion to see and hear about our exhibits, and you will help me with this.
-Well guys, come on -
Look at the toys.
(children approach the exhibition of Dymkovo toys, they are met by Dymkovo turkey)
And here is our first guest. What can you tell him about these toys.
(children talk about the Dymkovo toy)
Educator: The guys used to paint toys with dry paints mixed on an egg with kvass, using sticks and feathers instead of brushes. The painted toy was again covered with a beaten egg, which made the faded colors shine and bright. And there weren't so many paints, but now what colors do craftsmen use to paint toys? (children's answers)
Turkey : Well done boys! How much do you know about the Dymkovo toy.
And I am a noble toy,
Foldable, but okay.
I'm famous everywhere
Maybe you will like it.
Educator: Have you guessed what this toy is? (children's answers, the turkey spreads its tail)
Educator:
Yes! This is a Dymkovo turkey!
Big turkey
All sides are painted.
He surprised everyone with his outfit
He spread his wings importantly.
Look: curvy tail
It's not at all simple for him -
Like a sunny flower;
A tall scallop
Red paint of grief, -
Like a king's crown!
The plumage of the turkey was made more and more skillfully from time to time, which is why the figurine ceased to be suitable for play. From now on, she began to take pride of place on dressers and decorate any other furniture. Dymkovo toy is made by hand and painted every time in a new way, so there are no two identical figures, each is a single copy, each haze is unique, each toy is warmed by a craftswoman with her own hands.
Turkey: I want to give a souvenir toy for your museum! (Kovrov lady)
Educator: Look what a beautiful lady. What do you think this toy is? (Children's answers) In fact, this toy is our compatriot. It was made by craftsmen from the city of Kovrov on the Klyazma River. It is very similar to Dymkovo, the same bright, painted, but still different. Look, her painting elements are completely different ... ... ... Thank you dear guest for your gift!
Here's our next guest.
Matryoshka : Scarlet silk handkerchief
Bright flower sundress
Hand rests
Into wooden sides
And inside there are secrets:
Maybe three, maybe six.
Blush a little.
This is Russian .... (matryoshka) (children's answers)
Matryoshka : Well done guys! You recognized me, and if you still tell me where I come from. (Children's answers)
Saint Sergiev Posad -
home for nesting dolls!
Dolls over a hundred years old
delight the whole world!
Educator : Look how many nesting dolls are collected in our museum. They are all so different. In what parts of Russia this toy is not made. Matryoshka is considered a primordially Russian souvenir that foreign guests try to bring from Russia.
But you know, the prototype of the Russian nesting doll was the figurine of the Japanese god, which, like the nesting doll, moved apart, representing itself as a receptacle for a smaller figure. Russian craftsmen decided to make their own toy. Master V.P. Zvezdochkin carved the first figurines of dolls (three- and six-seater), which were embedded one into the other. These nesting dolls have not survived. Therefore, the first matryoshka is considered an eight-seat doll, depicting a peasant girl with a rooster, soon christened by the people by the popular name Matryoshka (Matryona). The toy consisted of eight figures - girls and boys. The latter depicted a swaddled baby. Craftsmen tirelessly competed with each other, increasing the number of nesting figures. Historical Museum there is also a 100-seat matryoshka in Moscow. It is made in a single copy.
Guys, what other nesting dolls do you know? (children's answers) And what are they made of? (children's answers)
Educator: There is a belief that if you put a note with a desire inside the matryoshka, it will certainly come true, and the more work is put into the matryoshka, i.e. the more places there are in it and the higher the quality of the matryoshka painting, the faster the wish will come true.
Matryoshka: What good fellows! Here is a gift for your museum. (Gives a nesting doll)
Educator: Thank you Matryoshka! Guys, what other products of folk craftsmen made of wood do you know? (Children's answers: (Gorodets, Khokhloma, Bogorodskaya toy)
That's right, Golden Khokhloma!
Khokhloma painting
Scarlet berries scattering,
Admire how the master tried to please us with his work. Wooden dishes are beautiful and comfortable.
Guys, you know, if you eat cabbage soup or porridge with such a spoon, it does not burn your mouth.
And why is it called - Golden Khokhloma? (children's answers)
(The teacher leads the children to the exhibition of the Bogorodsk toys)
And what are these magic toys, who can tell me?
(children's answers)
Bogorodsk toy -
wooden animal.
Bear, bunny, cockerel -
admire it, my friend!
The masters got down to business -
cut from white linden
or a blacksmith bear,
or in the dance of a daredevil!
Yes, this is a Bogorodsk toy. Why is it called that? (children's answers)
And this village is located in the Moscow region.
These toys have a trick that the Bogorodsk masters came up with, they know how to come to life. Take them in hand, play with them. (children look at toys)
All toys are made of linden, which takes about four years to dry. The wood is soft and easy to work with.
Educator: Proceed to the next exhibition (children come to Gzhel)
We have one more guest.
Gzhel:
Porcelain teapots,
Candlesticks, clocks,
Animals and Birds
Unprecedented beauty.
Village in the suburbs
She became famous. Now
Known to everyone among the people
Its name is(Gzhel)
(children's answers)
Educator: That's right, but how did you guess that this is Gzhel? (children's answers)
It is interesting that even in ancient times, when the Gzhel craft was just in its infancy, the Gzhel was multi-colored. Dishes, figures of people and animals were painted bright colors: green, yellow, red.
And nowadays, Gzhel is known for its blue and blue patterns painted on a white background. The blue and white Gzhel that has become traditional is not natively Russian - Russian masters spied on these colors from the Dutch.What patterns do Gzhel masters like to paint their dishes with? (children's answers)
Gzhel is also our compatriot, she is in the Moscow region.
Gzhel : Well done, here's a gift for your museum. (Gzhel gives a Gzhel mug)
Educator: Thanks! Oh, what kind of beauty is this? (Puts a scarf over his shoulders) Who will tell me?
(children's answer)
Multi-colored scarves
Printed shawls
How many women in Russia
Decorated on a holiday.
The masters have learned
Pavlova Posada
Draw a pattern of herbs
Forests, meadows, gardens.
Educator: Pavlovsky Posad is another city on the banks of the Klyazma River. Glory to the whole world was brought to Pavlovsky Posad by painted scarves and shawls. They were worn and simple people, and noble persons. Previously, many women wore brightly colored headscarves on their heads, shoulders, and sometimes even simply folded on their hands as an adornment (demonstration). Many wealthy families had forty shawls at the disposal of young ladies. It was the scarf that was one of the most coveted gifts. And also, in the Pavlovo-Posad region, magic is being created today. After all, it is here, in the village of Danilovo, that there is a factory of Christmas tree decorations "Hoarfrost". Glass Christmas decorations- a real miracle. After all, each such ball, bump, figurine is created by hand. This means that they are unique and inimitable. The factory conducts excursions for children and adults, so that everyone has the opportunity to see the whole process of creating toys with their own eyes.
These are the wonderful products of folk craftsmen that our beloved Moscow region is rich in! Guys, did you like our excursion? And how many more interesting things I can tell you about the Filimonov toy, and about the Golden Khokhloma, and about the painted Zhostovo trays! And we will inevitably meet another time in our Russian hut and continue our acquaintance with folk craftsmen and their wonderful products.
And now, I invite you to introduce yourself as folk craftsmen and paint a sketch of the future Dymkovo toy. Come to the hall, choose workplace... But before we get to work, let's knead our fingers.
Finger gymnastics:
“Oh left and right hand”
Look, two hands:
Right and left! (we stretch our arms forward, showing)
They can clap their hands -
Both right and left! (clap our hands)
They can pinch my nose -
Both right and left! (in turn we pinch the nose with the right and left hand)
They can cover their mouth with a palm -
Both right and left! (cover the mouth of both)
They can show the way -
Both right and left! (we show the direction with the right, then with the left hand)
I am always friends with hands -
Both with the right and with the left! (friendly handshake)
And they can be affectionate
Both right and left!
They will hug you, they will press you to me -
Both right and left! (wrap your arms around yourself - "hug")
(children together with their parents paint the silhouettes of Dymkovo toys)
Educator: You have made wonderful toys.
In conclusion, I want to say one thing that folk art does not become a thing of the past as long as it is interesting to someone, that every generation somehow likes it. This means that folk art will live for many more years, and craftsmen will glorify their country.
List of used literature:
Lykova I.A. Visual activity in kindergarten. Senior group... - M .: "KARAPUZ-DIDAKTIKA", 2006.
Ermolaeva N.V. Aesthetic education of preschoolers through decorative and applied art. Partial program. - SPb. LLC "Publishing house" CHILDHOOD-PRESS "2011
List of exhibits
Mini - museum "Russian hut".
List of exhibits. Mini - museum "Russian hut" is a reproduction of a residential village premises. Here are collected genuine household items and applied art.
The central place in the Russian hut is occupied by the model of the stove. The red corner of the hut is a table, benches. The interior of the museum is permanent. Only some decorative elements change.
Russian hut - as they called it in the old days village houses... They were also called log cabins, because they were chopped with axes. In the old days, a log house was first built, and then moss was placed between the logs to make it warmer in winter. And when they were building a hut, they hid money under an angle to become rich, wool for warmth, and incense for holiness.
Red corner - red - means "beautiful". The red corner is the cleanest, brightest and most elegant place in everything peasant house... There was a table and benches, and in the corner there were icons on a special shelf. It was a special place in the house. Here the guests were met, treated, treated and all the most important questions decided.
The stove was made of bricks and covered with clay on top. The whole life, the whole life of the peasant is connected with the stove. The stove not only warmed the hut, but also fed people - they baked bread, cooked porridge and cabbage soup in it. "When it's hot in the oven, then it's hot."
Clothes, mushrooms, berries and small fish were also dried on the oven.
It was possible to sleep on the stove. And how many fairy tales were told here long winter evenings... And the kind Bayunok kept the fairy tales.
Babi kut - right corner of the stove. Here women hosted the house. There was a small table and a wall shelf that held a few kitchen utensils. This is a place for cooking, there was also a spinning wheel.
A washstand is a container for washing hands and can be used to wash dishes.
The grip is a piece of kitchen utensils. It is a long stick with an iron attachment like cow horns. With the help of a grab, they put them in the oven and took out pots and cast iron from it.
A poker is a thick iron rod with a bent end for tedding coals.
Pig-iron - peasant ovenware in the shape of a pot, but made of cast iron. Used for cooking cabbage soup, porridge, boiling potatoes.
Bowls, spoons, ladles, pots - dishes that were made of wood with their own hands.
A stupa is a wooden hollowed-out block with high walls, in which the grain is pounded and ground with a pestle.
The table, benches were made of wood with their own hands.
A kerosene lamp - illuminated the hut on dark winter evenings.
The rocker is a wooden arch with grooves at the ends, where the bows of the buckets entered. Buckets of water were carried with the help of a rocker.
Spinning wheel - a device for spinning yarn.
The spindle is a device for hand-spinning yarn. It looks like a chiseled stick, somewhat thickened towards the lower end.
Chest - used to store things. The chest was made from good tree, decorated it with painting and put it in a prominent place.
Valances - lace frills on bedspreads, towels.
Balalaika - Russian folk instrument... In the evenings, people played the balalaika and sang ditties.
Bast shoes - shoes woven from wide bast. Festive sandals were woven from elm bast. Feet in bast shoes did not get wet and did not freeze.
Samovar - The samovar was invented a long time ago in the city of Tula. With the help of coals and a boot, water was boiled in it for tea. The water in it quickly boiled and did not cool for a long time. It was delicious, smoky. In the evenings, the whole family gathered at the samovar. Several types of jam, honey, bagels were served with tea. The samovar has become a symbol of home comfort, well-being, peace in the family.
Doll Kuzya - Brownie who protects the house.
The brownie is a deity who guards the hearth, he is not evil, but a bizarre prankster. Whom he loves, he serves. And whoever he did not like, he survives from the house.
Fence - the house is fenced off.
corner folk life in a kindergarten group.
1. Spinning wheel - 1 pc.
2. Stove - 1 pc.
3. Chest - 1 pc.
4. Magic box - 1 pc.
5. Doll in national costume- 1 PC.
6. Brownie Kuzya - 1 pc.
7. Khokhloma dishes (spoons, bowl, glass)
8. Earthenware (jug, bowl, pot "
9. Cast iron -2 pcs.
10. Table - 1 pc.
11. Shop - 1 pc.
12. Kerosene lamp - 1 pc.
13. Lantern - 1 pc.
14. Rocker - 1pc.
15. Spindle - 1 pc.
16. Cradle - 1 pc.
17. Samovar - 2 pcs.
18. Nesting dolls - 5 pcs.
19. Wicker basket - 1 pc.
20. Box - 1 pc.
21. Grip - 1 pc.
22. Sundresses - 8 pcs.
23. Shirts - 8 pcs.
Didactic games
1. "Dress the doll."
2. "Slavic patterns".
3. "How the shirt has grown in the field."
4. "In a village hut."
5. "How people lived in Russia."
1. "Legends of deep antiquity."
2. "Russian folk costumes".
3. "Invitation to the table".
4. "Folk crafts"
5. "Crafts in Russia".
6. "Slavic family".
C The purpose of creating our museum is to preserve and study culture, customs and traditions Mordovian people... The upbringing and acquaintance of the younger generation with cultural traditions peoples of the native land.
Just as a tree cannot live without roots, so without knowing itself, its kind, the roots of its culture, there cannot be a real citizen who sincerely loves his Motherland.
Mordva is an exoethnonym,attributed to two related Finno-Ugric peoples of the Volga-Perm subgroup Moksha and Erzya living in Russia. As scientists note, each of them has anthropological characteristics inherent only to it and its own literary language... The main area of residence of Moksha is the Moksha River basin, Erzyan is the Sura River basin.
The Mokshan language is Mokshan, the Erzyan language is Erzyan, both belong to the Finno-Volga group of the Uralic family of languages.
Mordva is the largest association of the Finno-Ugric peoples of Russia.
The Republic has a glorious and rich history, which is interesting and exciting to study. The traditions of peoples living on the territory of one country create its image, establish history, predict the future. Therefore, it is so important to know the traditions and customs of peoples and nationalities that have lived side by side for centuries, preserving their identity.
The strength of Russia lies in the unity of its people. Many peoples live in our republic, Russians, Mordovians, Tatars, Belarusians, Ukrainians, Armenians and other peoples, representatives of different nationalities and religions. But, despite the spiritual, qualitative and worldview differences, they are all friendly and united.
In order for culture to have an effective impact on the moral development of the individual, and for the person to feel the need for true culture, it is necessary to give deep knowledge traditions and customs. The preservation and development of the culture of the Mordovian people is relevant for multinational Russia.
And how can you not remember the great Russian master
lyrics by A.S. Pushkin -
"There is a stupa with Baba Yaga
Goes, wanders by itself ... "
Many remain today traditional customs, with Seasonal rites of the Mordovians are associated with labor activity people. They are divided into ceremonies with fixed and non-fixed dates.
They originated and formed in ancient times: they were timed to the beginning or end of agricultural work (plowing, sowing, harvesting, pasturing livestock in the field, etc.). These days were full of religious and magical rituals. Through ritual attributes (gifts, prayers, conspiracies), people tried to influence nature in order to ensure the fertility of the fields, the offspring of livestock, to protect the family, dwelling, and agricultural land from misfortune.
The winter ritual cycle began with Roshtuvan kud (Roshtovan kudo), in which the games of mummers occupied a special place. Spells and carols were also used.
Currently Maslenitsa is widely celebrated.
On the eve of Palm Sunday(first Christian holiday spring-summer calendar) girls walked around the village from house to house and whipped the sleeping willow branches to transfer the power of the plant to man, to make him healthy.
A particularly strong mixture of Christian and pagan elements is seen in the rites of this holiday. A large group of rituals were performed at Easter.
In the middle of the 19th century. in some Mordovian villages, Easter was celebrated in Great Saturday... A festively dressed girl and a young man, personifying Easter, walked around the village. The owners of each house came out to meet them with refreshments. On this day, the Mordovians arranged a commemoration of their ancestors, asked them for assistance in obtaining a good harvest, breeding livestock, and protecting them from disease and evil. Before the start of sowing, family and ancestral training sessions were organized. The last big holiday of the spring cycle, timed to coincide with the end of sowing, was Trinity.
In ancient times, Mordovian peasants performed prayers, which were supposed to ensure favorable weather, good harvest, health to people, livestock, well-being on the farm (m., E. ayan ozks, Velen OZKS, baban ozks, or baban porridge, and etc.). This holiday absorbed pre-Christian customs associated with the worship of plants: they were used to decorate houses, streets, and churches. The main subject ritual cycle there was an elegant birch that was carried through the village. At the end of the holiday, traditional festivities were held dedicated to seeing off spring (m. tundan prvazhama, NS. tundong iltyamo; still exist in many Mordovian villages).
In the summer, ceremonies were held that were supposed to ensure the safety of crops, the required amount of precipitation (m. pisemon anama ozx, NS. piseme ozx- "prayer for rain", Erzyan edge of the ozks "prayer at the boundary"). Autumn ceremonies were timed to coincide with the ripening of bread and fruits. Before the harvest, prayers were held in honor of the gods - the patrons of fertility (Mastorava, Norovava, etc.).
The completion of all spring-summer rituals was the Trinity holiday itself. Greenery and flowers induring the summer holidays, houses, streets, churches were decorated. During the entire Trinity week, the girls went on festivities wearing wreaths of leaves, flowers, or simply stuck flowers into their hair above their ears and weaved them into a braid. A birch tree was decorated on Trinity. Trinity birch in the songs was called "summer day" - kizonshi(m.), kizenchi(e.), which the girls "brought" to the village. Before that, the birch tree was dipped into the river several times, asking To witch"Wash a summer day." Then they carried her all over the village.
From generation after generation, the Mordovian people passed on their tales and legends. One of them tells about the girl Nuyanze.
Once upon a time there was a Mordovian girl Nuyanza, a needlewoman and clever. She knew how to do everything. AND spin and weave, and weave baskets. A Nuyanza grew up - they began to call her Nuyanza - an artisan, i.e. a sorceress.
And now look at what magic chest collected NUYANZA.
What is there just not!
Lapti CARD. On long winter evenings, all the men in the family wove sandals. They were winter and summer, festive and everyday: They were woven from 5,7,10 bast. It was necessary to weave a lot of bast shoes for a large family, since they served only 2 weeks.
And here's the towel- NARDAMO, which was embroidered by Nuyanza the master with her own hands.
They not only wiped themselves with a towel, but also wrapped the newborn and mother to protect them from the evil eye and other misfortunes.
The Mordovian bride was supposed to embroider a whole set of towels for the groom's relatives for the wedding: mother-in-law, sister-in-law, groom. The embroidered towel was also tied by Mordovian women on the head and served for decoration.
A Mordovian wedding is one of the distinctive phenomena in the life of Mordovians. Both Erzya and Moksha wedding ceremonies were distinguished by great complexity and variety. A traditional Mordovian wedding can be called a folk wedding musical drama, in which dramatic episodes associated with the departure of the bride from her father's home (crying, monologue songs, addressing parents and friends, their native places and the surrounding nature) are interspersed with cheerful scenes taking place in the groom's house.
Marriages have traditionally been the business of their parents and relatives. Often when choosing a bride, the main attention was paid to the property status of her family, hard work and health of the girl.
The wedding cycle began with matchmaking - ladyama (m.), Ladyama (e.). Before going to woo the bride, the groom's father made sacrifices to the patron gods of the house, court, and deceased ancestors. Then he cut off a piece of bread from the bread, took out the crumb from it and filled it with honey. At night, on horseback, he rode to the bride's house and put the top on the gate post and left. The girl's father agreed or returned the bread and honey. The wedding train was equipped for the bride.
Number traveled (e. somewhere) must have been odd. The main person was the matchmaker ( kudawa). She could not be a girl, a pregnant woman, or a widow. The second person in honor and importance was the toron of the kanda (m.), Uredev (e.). His duty is to protect the groom and the entire train from damage and to dispose of the table.
Caring for offspring began from the moment of marriage, which is reflected in wedding ceremonies... To find out the sex of the unborn child, a pregnant woman was observed: the presence of age spots on her face indicated the birth of a son; large oblong belly facing the left side - girls, and vice versa .
Deities influencing childbirth were considered by the Mordovians the goddess of water Witava and the goddess of the forest Virava... At the prayers held in their honor, they asked to give people "full shops of children." There was a belief that Witava steals newborns and even unborn children. Therefore, if a woman did not have children, she went to the river and turned to the patroness of water with a prayer: "After all, Ava, mother, forgive me, maybe I offended you and therefore I do not give birth to children.".
Currently, the horse has been replaced by a car and is decorated with ribbons, balls and a doll. But, surprisingly, the doll is dressed in a Mordovian outfit. Many people at home dress up dolls in Mordovian clothes, which emphasize the beauty of the costume.
The museum constantly replenishes its funds by establishing contacts with the parents, grandmothers and grandfathers of the pupils. Here we conduct excursions for children and parents, holidays, meetings with veterans. This allows you to expand the understanding of the culture and life of the Mordovian people, improves the artistic and aesthetic education of children and maintains the connection between generations.
We admire our small homeland. It is the homeland of all peoples living on its territory. And all of us who live here want our homeland to prosper, transform and be compatible in terms of living standards with other advanced republics and regions.
The museum was created by the efforts of the employees of the MBDOU Kadoshkinsky kindergarten "Solnechny".