One of the most famous museums. The best museums in Russia

Tourists and travelers, being in a particular country, try to visit the most significant museums. So in St. Petersburg it is the Hermitage, in London it is the British Museum, and in the capital of France it is the Louvre.

The most famous museum in London

The British Museum is recognized as the most famous museum in London. Its founding was initiated by the government in the middle of the eighteenth century. Just six years after the appearance of such an idea and initiative, the museum invited its first visitors. Thousands of people were involved in its creation and development.

The British Museum has two more names, the first is the Museum of the Stolen Masterpieces, the second is the Museum of All Civilizations. All names are fully justified. Most of the treasures presented there were obtained in a not entirely honest way. So, the Rosetta Stone, which helped in deciphering the ancient hieroglyphs, was selected along with other ancient Egyptian monuments from Napoleon's army.

A similar story happened with the sculptural friezes of the Parthenon - they were taken out of Greece by a written order of the Turkish government by a certain English lord. In a similar way, the collection of this museum was replenished with sculptures of the Temple of Artemis in Ephesus, and sculptures of the mausoleum in Halicarnassus, and a number of other works of art. It should be noted that the exposition of the British Museum itself is not very large. By the size of the exposition in the first place in London - the National Gallery.

The most famous museums in Russia

The most famous museums in Russia are the Tretyakov Gallery, located in the capital of Russia, and the world-famous Hermitage in St. Petersburg. The Hermitage is considered one of the largest cultural and historical museums in the world. It owes its origins to the personal collection of Catherine II. This museum was formed and opened to visitors in the middle of the nineteenth century. The date of its foundation is considered to be 1764, when the empress acquired a huge collection of Western European paintings. Today this museum is represented by almost three million works of art, monuments of world culture. The Hermitage is represented by several magnificent buildings, where the Winter Palace is the main one. All these buildings are located on the embankment of the Neva River.

A huge collection of Russian fine art on a global scale is presented by the Tretyakov Gallery. This collection is recognized as the most significant on a global scale, for which Russians should be grateful to merchant Pavel Tretyakov. The history of the gallery began with his personal and largest collection at that time, composed of works of Russian art.

Vatican Museum

The Vatican Museum is recognized as the largest museum in the world. Its exposition is fifty thousand objects presented in the halls, the number of which is one thousand four hundred. In order to simply bypass all these halls, you have to walk about seven kilometers.

The first, where almost all visitors strive to get, is the Sistine Chapel. The structure of the museum is such that in order to get to the Vatican Pinacoteca, which is one of the distant halls, visitors must go through all the previous halls. Naturally, it is impossible to inspect a significant part of the museum even in a day. To have time to see all the most interesting, you can start from the Egyptian Museum, then follow to the famous Belvedere, and then to the Stanzas of Raphael and the Sistine Chapel. It is the chapel that is called the main shrine of the museum.

It is known that the construction of the Vatican began in the fourth century, when the church of St. Peter and the residence of the high priest was laid. In the ninth century, ramparts were built, and in the thirteenth century, a vast new papal cloister was built.

Despite the small territory that the Vatican owns, fabulous treasures are concentrated there. They accumulated gradually, but the collection over the years has become so huge that it became necessary to create several museums.

The Louvre is the most famous museum in the world

Among the art museums in the world, the Louvre is the largest. Every tourist visiting Paris tries to get to the Louvre. At one time it was a castle of the French kings, which was built in 1190 by Philip Augustus. It became a museum only in 1793, and at the same time it was opened to visitors. The area occupied by the Louvre is one hundred and ninety-five thousand square meters. The area occupied by the exposition is sixty thousand six hundred square meters.

Today, four hundred thousand exhibits appear in the catalog of this museum. The entire exhibition is divided into seven large sections for greater convenience. To inspect the entire exposition, even one week is not enough for an attentive visitor. Those tourists who are limited in time view only individual exhibitions. They are easy to find using special pointers.

The most impressive is the painting department. Arriving there, you can see the works of Rembrandt, Caravaggio, Rubens, Goya, Vermeer and Titian. By the way, according to the site, it is in the Louvre that the most mysterious and famous painting in the world "Mona Lisa" is located.
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23.09.2014

The international travel site TripAdvisor has presented a rating of the best museums in the world, Europe and Russia in 2014.

The State Hermitage Museum in St. Petersburg has become not only the best museum in Russia and Europe, but also entered the top three world leaders. Five of the ten best Russian museums are located in Moscow, and three more are in the northern capital. The Top 10 also includes museums in Kaliningrad and Kizhi.

It is clear that Russians' perceptions of the best museums in the country may differ from the preferences of foreign tourists. But ideas, personal opinions, references to the opinions of friends and acquaintances are all illusions living in a single head. Here are some dry figures.

The Travelers' Choice Awards recognize the world's best travel destinations based on the analysis of millions of reviews and opinions from TripAdvisor users. To determine the winners, the quality and quantity of reviews about museums around the world over the past 12 months are taken into account.

1. State Museum "Hermitage", St. Petersburg

The largest art and cultural-historical museum in Russia and in the world, founded in 1764. The Hermitage collection numbers about three million works of art and monuments of world culture.

2. Tretyakov Gallery, Moscow

The main gallery of Russian art, founded in the middle of the 19th century by the famous Russian collector Pavel Tretyakov. By 1917, the collection of the Tretyakov Gallery consisted of about 4,000 works, by 1975 - 55,000 works.

3. Armory Chamber, Moscow

Moscow Treasury Museum, part of the Grand Kremlin Palace complex. The museum's exposition contains more than 4,000 unique works, including the Monomakh hat, the Helmet - Yerikhon hat and other rarities.

4. Submarine Museum B-413, Kaliningrad

A submarine-museum at the pier of the Museum of the World Ocean on the embankment of Kaliningrad. In 1969-1990 she served in the Northern Fleet, and since 2000 it has become a museum. In 1987, the B-413 took first place in the Northern Fleet in mine laying and was declared an "Excellent ship" by the order of the commander of the Northern Fleet.

5. State Russian Museum, St. Petersburg

The largest museum of Russian art in the world. One of the most famous paintings of the museum - "The Ninth Wave" by Ivan Aivazovsky, is often on tour in other museums around the world.

6. Diamond Fund, Moscow

A collection of unique precious stones of historical and artistic value. Among the exhibits are the crown of the Russian Empire, the Order of the Golden Fleece, historical large-sized diamonds, jewelry made of gold and platinum. The collection began to form back in the 18th century, when Peter I issued a special decree on the preservation of things "subject to the state."

7. State Museum of Fine Arts. A.S. Pushkin, Moscow

Museum of European and World Art, opened in 1912. The museum was created on the basis of the Cabinet of Fine Arts and Antiquities of Moscow University as an educational, auxiliary and public repository of casts and copies from classical works of world art. Professor Ivan Tsvetaev became the founder and first director of the museum.

8. Grand Model Russia, St. Petersburg

The project of 2012 is a national show museum, the largest model of our country, where on an area of ​​800 sq. m depicts cities and towns, forests and seas, people and animals, operating roads and railways. The interactive layout is controlled by 40 computers. More than 800,000 LEDs illuminate the layout, simulating the change of day and night.

9. Jewish Museum and Tolerance Center, Moscow

A modern museum dedicated to Jewish culture and religious tradition, the history of the life and settlement of Jews, the history of Jews in Russia.

It is the world's largest Jewish museum and the largest indoor exhibition area in Europe: exhibition area 4500 m², total area 8500 m². Opened in Moscow on November 8, 2012. About $ 50 million was spent on the creation of the museum.

10. State Historical, Architectural and Ethnographic Museum-Reserve, Kizhi

One of the largest open-air museums in Russia. Historical, cultural and natural complex, included in the UNESCO World Heritage List.

At present, the Kizhi Museum-Reserve is one of the largest museums of the culture of the Russian North, with a collection of 76 buildings. Over the years of the museum's existence, the oldest wooden church in Russia, the Church of the Resurrection of Lazarus (second half of the 16th century), was brought to its territory.

All rating

Top 10 museums in Europe:

1. State Hermitage Museum, St. Petersburg, Russia
2. Academy of Fine Arts, Florence, Italy
3. Orsay Museum, Paris, France
4. New Acropolis Museum, Athens, Greece
5. Prado Museum, Madrid, Spain
6. London National Gallery, London, UK
7. Vase Museum, Stockholm, Sweden
8. British Museum, London, UK
9. Hagia Sophia (Ayasofya), Istanbul, Turkey
10. Borghese Gallery, Rome, Italy

Top 10 museums in the world:

1. Art Institute of Chicago, Chicago, USA
2. National Anthropological Museum, Mexico City, Mexico
3. State Hermitage Museum, St. Petersburg, Russia
4. Getty Center, Los Angeles, USA
5. Academy of Fine Arts, Florence, Italy
6. Orsay Museum, Paris, France
7. Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, USA
8. New Acropolis Museum, Athens, Greece
9. Prado Museum, Madrid, Spain
10. Yad Vashem Holocaust Memorial, Jerusalem, Israel

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Hello dear guys! And to you, dear adults, also a big and warm hello!

Probably each of you has been to a museum at least once. Every day, thousands of tourists around the world line up in long lines to see works of science and art, visit various exhibitions and then exchange their impressions of what they saw.

Many of the cultural attractions are renowned throughout the world. Do you know those - the ones where any traveler would like to go?

I propose to recall the most famous museums in the world, scattered in different countries, so that when you are going on a long journey, you can plan a visit to them in your excursion program. Well, right now, so that you can talk about them in an interesting and exciting way in class.

So, the top ten of the most famous of the well-known, according to the blog "ShkolaLa".

Lesson plan:

Paris Louvre

Once a medieval fortress, and then the residence of the French kings, it opened to visitors in 1793. 160,106 square meters of the total occupied area, more than 400 thousand exhibits - all this is about the great and mesmerizing Louvre!

Its centrally located glass pyramid attracts about 9.5 million visitors annually and becomes a subject for photographs as one of the symbols of Paris. This is the place where one of the world's artistic mysteries is located - da Vinci's painting "Mona Lisa".

Today, the Louvre has seven huge departments, in which you can examine in detail the exhibits in which, as they say, only in a week, no less. There are:

• Department of Applied Arts;
• halls of painting, graphics and sculpture;
• the art of Ancient Egypt and the Ancient East;
• Islamic and Greek departments;
• Roman hall;
• and the culture of the Etruscan Empire.

Vatican Museums in Rome

There are 1400 halls in the exhibition complex and there are 50,000 objects in them. Prepare to walk about 7 kilometers to view all the exhibits on display.

The heart of the Vatican Museum is the Sistine Chapel, a Renaissance monument whose walls were painted by Michelangelo. You can reach it only by going through the entire museum corridor.

They began to build an Italian museum back in the 4th century - then the first stones of the Church of St. Peter were laid, only in the 9th the walls appeared, and by the 13th century they were lined up in the papal Vatican residence. Every year about 5 million visitors come here to see with their own eyes the treasures collected by Roman Catholics over several centuries.

British Museum in London

The exhibition center, which opened in 1759, has a rather complicated history, and there are dark spots in the description. It is called not only a museum of all civilizations, but also a repository of stolen masterpieces.

This is the place where the cultural objects of Egypt, Greece, Rome, Asia and Africa, as well as medieval Europe are located. However, many of the 8 million exhibits appeared in the British Museum in a far from dishonest way. So, the ancient Egyptian Rosetta stone, as well as some other treasures from Egypt, came here, being taken away from Napoleon's army.

From Greece, with the strange permission of the Turkish ruler, precious sculptural exhibitions were taken to London.

By the way, the entrance to the British Museum is absolutely free.

Japanese National Museum in Tokyo

Dedicated to nature and science, it differs in that, along with the wonders of technology, there are stuffed animals, found dinosaur remains and their models.

Here, on the roof of a six-story building, you'll find a botanical garden with sun umbrellas that automatically pop up when approached. There is a “forest hall” where you can wander among the rich flora.

In the global gallery you can follow the evolution of all life on Earth and get acquainted with modern technologies, and in the Japanese one you can learn historical facts about the land of the rising sun.

And this museum is also included in the list of famous places, because visitors can become scientists for a moment and personally conduct a series of experiments.

American Metropolitan

This museum is located in New York and is rightfully one of the most famous. Judge for yourself: here are collected artifacts of the Paleolithic era, which are adjacent to modern exhibits from the field of pop art, there are cultural objects of Africa, the East and Europe, paintings from the 12th to the 19th centuries, musical instruments, weapons and clothes of the peoples of five continents.

The museum was created thanks to a group of entrepreneurs, public figures and artists who donated their collections to it, and they were replenished with two million exhibits. In general, there is something to see here!

The area of ​​the cultural heritage of America is divided by luxurious walkways and staircases, combining buildings from different times with tall columns, fountains and stained glass windows. Moreover, its name has nothing to do with underground transport, but is formed from the word "metropolis", that is, "big city".

Madrid Prado Museum

The Spanish cultural center of painting has gathered under one roof more than 7,600 paintings, 1,000 sculptures, 8,000 drawings, 1,300 art objects. It got its name from the park of the same name, in which it is located.

Although there are no elegant interiors and gilded staircases, the museum contains a huge number of collections of paintings from different European schools: Spanish, Italian, German, British, most of which were collected by the church and representatives of the royal family.

By the way, there is a copy of the "Mona Lisa" located in the Louvre, drawn by a student of Leonardo da Vinci.

Rijksmuseum in Amsterdam

The main state museum of Holland is located in an old palace with towers and relief sculptures and is divided into 200 rooms, where many masterpieces of Dutch and world art are located. The red brick building stands on the canal embankment and stretches for a whole block.

The main masterpiece of the Amsterdam Museum is the painting by Rembrandt "Night Watch".

There are also canvases by artists from the Golden Age. The showrooms are also teeming with a variety of antiques, from antique furniture to china.

Petersburg Hermitage

Russia, too, can rightfully be included in the list and boast of a museum property known throughout the world. The Russian cultural giant is famous for the world's largest collection of paintings. Here you can get acquainted with the history from the Stone Age to the present, and the Golden Room is a separate story, because there are collected the jewels of the Russian Empire and not only!

The Hermitage originates from the collection of Empress Catherine II and, having subsequently expanded, presents today a museum complex of six buildings, where more than 3 million exhibits are presented.

Cairo Museum

Until recently, this cultural site was known for its complete collection of Egyptian art, which contains thousands of treasures from the tombs of Tutankhamun.

Before the revolution in Egypt, the Cairo museum contained more than 120,000 ancient exhibits, including monumental sculptures of the Sphinx of the ancient period, tombs and mummies of Egyptian pharaohs, and decorations of queens.

We can only hope that the Egyptian nation will be able to preserve its heritage.

Archaeological Museum in Athens

It is the largest cultural center in Greece, which houses exhibits from different eras, but the collections of ceramics and sculptures are on the list of the richest in the world.

The diverse collections of the museum include finds as far back as 6800 BC, including clay, stone and bone vessels, weapons, jewelry and tools.

Various museum attractions

Today we have compiled a list of ten famous museums of the world located in different countries, which are on everyone's lips. But there are museums in the world that few people know about, but which it would be worthwhile to learn about, because they are very unusual. Some of them are presented in the video below.

I hope the information presented in this article will help you in the development of your research projects.

Good luck with your studies!

Evgenia Klimkovich.

Hermitage is the best museum in Europe. This is the decision of millions of tourists from all over the world, leaving reviews on the international travel portal TripAdvisor. In total, 509 cultural institutions of the world have been analyzed. Natalya Letnikova says what the “Russian ten” looks like.

hermitage Museum

3 million pieces. 20 kilometers of masterpieces. And the Hermitage began as a private collection of Catherine II of 225 paintings. Only a select few could see him, having received a ticket at the palace office and dressed in a tailcoat or uniform. The Hermitage today is the masterpieces of Rembrandt and Raphael, Giorgione and Rubens, Titian and Van Dyck. This is the only opportunity to see the works of Leonardo da Vinci in Russia.

Experts calculated that if you stay just a minute at each exhibit in the Hermitage, it will take 8 years without sleep or rest to see everything.

Tretyakov Gallery

Tretyakov Gallery

The Hermitage not only delights, but also inspires. It was after his visit that Pavel Tretyakov got fired up with the idea of ​​his own collection of paintings. As a result, the Tretyakov Gallery has become one of the world's most significant collections of works by Russian artists. Even the famous facade is the creation of Viktor Vasnetsov. The Tretyakov Gallery is rich in paintings with history. The first "fabulous" plot of Russian painting is "Mermaids" by Ivan Kramskoy, inspired by the works of Gogol. And the most ambitious painting of the Tretyakov Gallery "The Appearance of Christ to the People" is the diploma work of Alexander Ivanov, which he painted for 20 years.

Armouries

Armouries

Treasury of Moscow princes and Russian tsars.

The indispensable attributes of the sovereign's power are preserved: the scepter, the orb, the cap of Monomakh, which was crowned with the kingdom until the reign of Peter I. Among the 4,000 exhibits - the world's only double throne.

It was created especially for the brothers-tsarevich Ivan V and Peter Alekseevich, who were married to the throne together. And of course, a significant part of the treasury museum is weapons. But also exclusively as a work of art. For example, the rococo gun of Catherine II.

Floating museum

Floating museum

Submarine B-413. The place of fun is the city of Kaliningrad. For 20 years, the submarine carried out combat service in the Northern Fleet. Visited Cuba and Guinea. And even in peacetime, the crew managed to get the title "Excellent ship".

Retired since 2000. In Russia, by the way, four submarines have become museums, all of which are open to the public. But B-413 is the only one that has survived in its original form. On the ship, everything is the same: mechanisms, ammunition, weapons. Visitors of the museum become submariners for a while. The crew goes on a virtual scuba diving, carries out a torpedo attack, copes with an accident in the compartment.

Russian Museum

Russian Museum

The world's largest collection of Russian art is the Russian Museum, created by an imperial decree at the end of the 19th century. The exposition, located in 5 palaces of St. Petersburg, includes paintings, the names of which have long become household names: "The Last Day of Pompeii", "Barge Haulers on the Volga", "The Ninth Wave". All in all, the collection contains more than 400,000 exhibits. Despite its serious status, the museum is ready for experiments, which confirms the presence of the youngest department of the latest trends. Unusual exhibitions complement the image. For example, at the end of 2013, Sylvester Stallone was exhibited at the Russian Museum. The actor paints in the spirit of expressionism.

Diamond fund

Diamond fund

A mountain of gems of historical and artistic value. The collection began to be assembled by order of Peter I.

The most famous exhibit is the Great Imperial Crown. In record time, in just two months, the craftsmen set 4,936 diamonds and 75 pearls in silver. The crown was decorated with a bright red crystal - spinel. The main symbol of the power of Russian monarchs, weighing almost 2 kg, was placed on the heads of all emperors, starting with Catherine II. One of the most prestigious exhibits is the Orlov diamond, which adorns the scepter of Catherine the Great, bought for her by Count Orlov, the largest in the Diamond Fund and one of the most expensive in the world. A diamond was found in India, where it is supposed to have been the eye of the Buddha.

Pushkin Museum of Fine Arts

The most European in Russia is the Pushkin Museum of Fine Arts. In the center of Moscow, in a building reminiscent of an antique temple, every hall is an era. Italian and Greek "courtyards", a six thousandth collection of authentic exhibits of Ancient Egypt, collected by the Russian scientist Vladimir Golenishchev during his travels and excavations. The famous treasure of Troy, discovered by Heinrich Schliemann, is also kept in Pushkin. As a child, the German archaeologist read Homer's Iliad and later found a city covered with legends. But it will not be possible to get a complete picture of the Pushkinsky meeting. Indeed, out of 670,000 exhibits, no more than 2% are exhibited.

Today there are more than 100 thousand museums in the world, and each of them is unique in its own way. However, there are museums that every person interested in history and culture dreams of visiting. These are the most famous museums in the world.

Experts give the first place in terms of fame and uniqueness Louvre... This museum opened in France, in Paris in 1793. Prior to this, the fortress where the exposition is located was the residence of the French kings. The museum displays a huge collection of art, as well as various historical and scientific exhibits.

Paris Louvre

British museum is located in the capital of Great Britain, London. The institution first opened its doors to visitors in 1753. The area of ​​this museum is equal to 9 football fields, the collection of exhibits presented here is one of the largest on the planet.

British museum

Metropolitan Museum(The Metropolitan Museum of Art) is located in New York, USA. It was opened in 1872 by a group of progressive Americans, and was originally located at 5th Avenue, building 681. The museum later moved twice, but from 1880 to this day, its location has remained unchanged - it is Central Park, Fifth Avenue. The collection of the Metropolitan Museum has about 3 million exhibits. These are works of art from all over the world.

Metropolitan Museum

Uffizi Gallery located in Florence, Italy. It is one of the most famous art museums in the world. It got its name from the Uffizi square, on which it is located. The museum has a wide range of paintings and sculptures by Italian masters, as well as works of great artists from all over the world.

Uffizi Gallery

State Hermitage- the property of Russia. The institution is located in St. Petersburg and is world famous. The collection of the museum began to be collected by Russian emperors, and free access to the Hermitage was opened only in 1863. The Hermitage exhibits number over 3 million exhibits. Among them are not only works of art, but also archaeological finds, numismatic material, and jewelry. Today the museum occupies five buildings: the Winter Palace, the Small Hermitage, the Old Hermitage, the Court Theater and the New Hermitage.

State Hermitage. Winter Palace

Prado Museum- National Museum of Spain, located in the capital - Madrid. This museum contains a huge collection of works of art from European schools.

Prado Museum

Egyptian Museum in Cairo is the legacy of a great civilization. The first exhibition of exhibits was held here in 1835. Today it is the largest museum of ancient Egyptian art. There are over 120 thousand unique exhibits dating back to prehistoric times.

Egyptian Museum in Cairo

Madame Tussauds museum in London - an exposition known for its uniqueness. More than 400 wax figures are collected here - including not only historical figures, but also modern stars.