Works of Levitan paintings. The best paintings of the landscape player Isaac Levitan

02.05.2019

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August 18, 1860 in intelligent jewish familywho lived on the western outskirts of Russia, near the border point of Verzhbolovo, the second son was born, called Isaac's parents. The Father of the Future Artist had the formation of the Rabbi School, but could not succeed on this field and served in different minor positions of the Russian railway. Trying to get better, the family had naochesed the railway stations all the time, which did not bring any positive result.

Poverty and loss

As the artist himself remembered, every year, with each new place, life is becoming harder. Trying to correct the plight of the family, the father was engaged in self-education and the time remained from work, he studied French and German languages. In such conditions, years of painstaking work took retraining.

Application by your new knowledge Ilya Levitan found when the French government is ordered construction company Beginning a bookmark in the town of Kovio railway bridge across the River Neman. The father of the Levitan family of the Levitan family has arranged for this construction. However, he almost did not bring money. Even trying to give private lessons of a foreign language to children of rich parents, Ilya did not have funds to send their two children in primary school. He had to teach them on his own.

In the Levitan family there were two senior son and two daughters. Permanent semi-abnormal existence and attempts to lend sons to people forced them in the late 1860s to move to Moscow.

Nevertheless, even here Ilya Levitan could not find any permanent position. He was so interrupted by private lectures of foreign languages, while the whole family juts in a close little apartment on the edge of the city.

Cold and slaughter housing, located under the roof of the building on the fourth floor, had one advantage - from his high windows opened a stunning view of the city. Here the sunrise was engaged earlier, and the sunset burned longer. This was the only inventious for poetic - contemplative nature of the future artist in his dull and half-starving life.

The abilities for drawing early have manifested themselves from both sons of Levitan. The boys are always with great joy and grew up and sculpted together. The father of the family with condescension belonged to their joint enthusiasm and sent in 1870 his eldest Son Abel to the Moscow School of Painting and Architecture. From this point on, Isaac became a permanent satellite of his brother, he always accompanied him to the Plenuer.

When the age came up, Isaac Levitan and he himself entered the same educational institution.

At that time, children of poor, peasants and artisans prevailed in the men's men. But even here, where it was difficult to surprise someone poverty, the Levitan family became a separate theme of ridicule. This was also facilitated by shyness, and the secrecy of the young man who was even more encouraging students. Moreover, the position of the boys only worsened, after the death of their mother in 1875, it seemed to live almost impossible.

In his memoirs, the artist told that he often just had nowhere to go after classes. He tried to hide in the classroom from the night guard for easels or porters to spend the night in warmth. But much more often, Levitan was put up to the street, and he had to freeze on a bench or all night wandered through a deserted city.

Two years later, such an uneteble life of the young man, together with his father, got into the hospital. The diagnosis of both was scary - typhoid typhoid. Youth helped Isaac survive and even return to study, but Ilya Levitan died on a hospital bed. After the death of the Father, the children finally damage any means of existence. They no longer had any opportunity to make even the meager fee that was installed in the School.

And here, Isaaku for the first time in his life was lucky - his beautiful teachers fell. The boy from the very beginning of his studies was in the invention class, in which Vasily Grigorievich Penov was taught. The famous "Mobile" openly announced himself by the voice of all disadvantaged, offended and suffering. And when he practically headed the school, in this building on meat, famous for his Masonic past, burst with all talented Moscow youth.

Young diving

But, you must admit that young Levitan took his teachers not only pity. The Board of Trustees delivered him from the need to make a training fee and even recommended him to receive a scholarship of Prince Delgorukova, the Governor General of Moscow, not at all from humanity, and because the diligence, observation and poeticity of the young artist, were interested in the head of the landscape workshop, artist Alexey Kondratievich Savrasova. Impressed young man scenery, he almost lured him into his class.

I survived the whole pain and suffering by the hungry life and death of parents, Isaac was able to preserve spiritual purity and sensitivity. Once in the class of Savrasov, he perceived the most important instruction of a beloved teacher to everyone: ".. Write, study, but most importantly - feel!".

This is a rare ability to feel the nature pretty early brought painting the first fruits. At the student exhibition, his work "Autumn day. Sokolniki "(1879, the State Tretyakov Gallery, Moscow) was not simply noticed and appreciated by the audience, but also interested in Pavel Mikhailovich Tretyakov, the famous connoisseur of art and collector, who considered the main thing in painting not so much beauty as poetry, the truth of the soul.

An alley of a desert park, covered with fallen leaves and a female figure, dressed in black typify the sad feeling of autumn wilting, regretful about the past and loneliness. Bright yellow young trees, milking along the smoothly bending alley, contrast sharply with a gloomy coniferous forest. Beautifully written clouds floating on a cloudy sky, which create an atmosphere of raw cold weather, and completely perfectly discharged multicolored autumn foliage.

Written in 1880 the picture "Autumn. Hunter "(Tver Regional picture gallery), similar to mood with the previous one. Thanks to a similar composite construction with a sharp perspective reduction, both works have depth and space. Only chaotic the path with fallen yellow leaves, according to which the hunter is located, accompanied by a dog, gives this picture a little more major sound.

Luvitan paintings, distinguished calm narrative characterRead, as literary works. Two his student work was able to express this rare line, which became a distinctive feature All subsequent landscapes of the painter.

Soon, Levitan had a band of new difficulties. Its more or less stabilized position was again broken. The Council of Professors of the School unexpectedly fired the beloved teacher of Isaac - Savrasov, and young landscape players were left without a master.

It was in 1882 when young artist Already finished one of the best works - "Spring in the Forest" (State Tretyakov Gallery, Moscow). The canvas with amazing ease transmits the state of a timid awakening of nature from the winter hibernation. The first greens of grass near a calm stream and only the leaflets seemed on the branches of the trees create a poetic and peaceful atmosphere. Thin stems and branches of trees, bowing on both sides above the water, form a shady space, surprisingly exactly the fatty forest breathing.

It passed a little time and students presented their new teacher. In the men came talented painter Vasily Dmitrievich Polenov, who not only brought his vision of nature here, but also envious in students inspiration and optimism. Spouse Polenova was a relative of the rich industrialist and the famous Petshenate Sava Ivanovich Mamontov. Sometimes Vasily Dmitrievich, heading to his estate Abramtsevo, where he dreamed of visiting the entire artistic elite of Moscow, took with him his most talented students.

One day, Konstantin Korovin and Isaac Levitan turned out to be. A fun creative atmosphere of a rich estate and a benevolent attitude to talents struck young artists. Mammoths, who was a magnificent singer and a passionate fan of the Opera, satisfied the grandiose homemade performances. His dream was the creation of his own musical theater.

It was a friendly relationship with the "saving great" later gave Levitan the opportunity to try themselves on the field of the theater decorator. Dating acquired by a young artist in the house of the patron, strengthened his position in the artistic environment. Unfortunately, the excellent period of relative financial and emotional freedom is very fast. Vasily Pereov died, and slopes and intrigues began in democratically tuned men.

Period of disappointment

Already in early 1884, despite the successful examination of the exams, Isaac Levitan was expelled from the School for systematic intimacy. The Board of Trustees proposed young artist "Not cool" diploma, giving a sole opportunity - to become a drawing teacher. Levitan was desperate. In the rustling of feelings, he leaves Moscow and leaves for Savvinskaya Slobod, under Zvenigorod, the magnificent nature of which he was praised by comrades in the school. In this wonderful place, he creates beautiful landscapes "Savvinskaya Sloboda under Zvenigorod" and "Bridge. Savvinskaya Sloboda "(both - 1884, State Tretyakov Gallery, Moscow).

The canvas are completely different as conditions, but having breathing freshness and amazingly poetic. Under a cold, almost transparent sky, from under the only snow of the snow, the first greenery sprouts make their way, and in the background there are still naked trees, beginners to be covered with gentle leaves. Under bright Sun. Fun glazing the unintelligent river, with a packed bridge over her. Spring waiting condition gives rise to hope for the best future.

In the life of Levitan, as practically always, it is difficult. The artist suffered from loneliness, having no housing, no permanent work. Relations with Brother Avele already in the student years were built on the principle of "everyone for themselves." As a result, a closed, who felt like a loser, against the background of his Syondochniki Isaac supported a warm relationship only with Nikolai Chekhov, who was also expelled from the maw and possessed the same unbalanced character as Levitan himself. Not far from the cottage of Czech and settled a young artist. True, now, he came out with his brother of his fellow students - Anton and his sister Maria.

Maria Chekhov became the first Love of Levitan, but he could not deserve her reciprocity. In addition, Anton himself did not advise his sister to associate his life with a person whose future is incomprehensible. Isaac suffered strongly and was in a state of depression. Probably, only frequent stay in the house of the Czech, in which he could see a favorite girl and distracted from his own thoughts, the artist's repurchased from the attempt of suicide. It is good that Anton helped the artist to cope with gloomy sentiment and deal with severe diseases pursuing Levitan.

After two years of his stay in Savvinskaya Sloboda, in the spring of 1886, reconciled from diseases and received good money for creating decorations of the private opera Mamontov, Isaac decides to go to the Crimea. The artist spent on the peninsula for more than two months and returned, struck his friends the number of works created there.

First success

All Crimean Levitan canvas, presented at Moscow exhibitions, were very quickly bought. Two paintings, among them - "Sakla in Alupka" (State Tretyakov Gallery, Moscow), purchased Pavel Tretyakov for his collection.

For the first time for all the work of the artist, instead of cold translucent clouds, a bright blue sky appeared in his works, under which there is an unusual dilapidated global Tatar dwelling, contrasting with a grayish-white rock in the background. Despite the fact that the whole composition seems to be permeated with sunbeams, filled with linking color stains, so characteristic of southern landscapes, Levitan perfectly managed to convey the feeling of heat and hot sand. In such works, the painter shows the main quality of its creations: they have a rare emotional sensitivity to all the movements of color and light. Even the most unacmoticing landscape motif Levitan knew how to convey with a special mood, creating a feeling of some hidden nerve.

Such canvas refers "overgrown pond" (1887, the State Russian Museum, St. Petersburg). Here the artist managed to convey the subtle state of hidden sadness, appearing through the state of thoughtfulness. The black trunks of the trees reflected in the water mysteriously disappear under the layer of rod, creating the impression of hopelessness.

It impresses a colorful solution of the canvas, built on the countless number of shades of green. This technique allowed the painter to achieve absolute realism in the image of the branches of trees and shrubs, the dark surface of the pond, tightened by the rod and the prospects of the distant meadow against the grass, which is also decided in a transparent greenish - bluish palette. Obviously, the artist captured such an opportunity first with the eye, and then the brush to trace and convey the tone of the summer greenery, which he had time to dry the sun, and the pond was drinking moisture.

The success of the Crimean landscapes allowed Levitan to improve his life. Now he could shoot housing in Moscow and afford to be in homes from different interesting people. Many noble Moscow homes of that time arranged lush evenings, which was invited to famous writers, artists and musicians. On one of the like delicate dinners Isaac presented Sophia Petrovna Kuvshtinikova and her spouse.

In the house of Kuvshtinikov, they loved the artists of the Small Theater Lensky and Yermolov, the poet and writer Gilyarovsky, and Anton Chekhov. Sophia Petrovna's highly interested in painting asked Levitan to give her a few lessons, after which their friendly relations became something big. Extravagant woman who was much older painterIn addition to art, the highly appreciated personal freedom and had a tendency to clutch. Sophia Petrovna, obviously loved this sad and unbalanced person. She surrounded her young beloved Attention and care, in every way supporting it. By this period of creativity refers to the work of Levitan " Birch Grove"(1885, State Tretyakov Gallery, Moscow).

In this canvas, the painter was able to remarkably pass the game of light and shadows in a thick green grove into the sun. This picture is often referred to as a model of Russian impressionism. Levitan was vividly and reliably reproduced the momentary mood of the summer changeable nature of our homeland penetrated by warmth and light.

In the work, the effect of creativity of the beloved artist Levitan - Camille Coro, who called the "Landscape of the State of the Soul" author.

"Volga" work

Soon, Isaac made a trip to the Great Russian River - Volga. It was in 1887 and 1888. At the trip, the artist accompanied Kuvshinaikov. In the work of many Russian artists, Volga traditionally was important milestoneShe inspired Alexey Savrasov, Ilya Repin, Fyodor Vasilyeva.

True, the first impressions of the Great River of the artist disappointed, but in the second trip, he managed to see a small picturesque town on the shore, which stretched between two bends of the river. It was a film whose surroundings subsequently captured the painter in his paintings.

The canvas "Evening. Golden Fleets "(1889, the State Tretyakov Gallery, Moscow) breathes a feeling of quiet happiness, appearing through vibrating wet evening air. The church view from the chapel, next to which there is a small house with a red roof, in which the artist filmed the floor along with Sofia Petrovna, captured from the Peter and Paul Mountain.

Gentle, golden-pinky fog in a sunset sun, envelops the plates, bluish white walls of the bell tower against the background of a soft pinkish sky, the juicy green slope - everything is cloth filled with a feeling of harmony of nature and human existence. Given the scale of work, the painter portrayed the Great River by no means solemnly and pathetic, as can be seen in the works of most Russian masters, and surprisingly warm and pacificed.

It is the feeling of spiritual warmth that all the details of the picture are filled, even a white dog, barely visible among high grass in the foreground, and that looks extraordinarily touching.

In 1889, Levitan writes another canvas dedicated to Volga impressions - "After the rain. Plots "(State Tretyakov Gallery, Moscow). The picture is as if saturated with moisture, strikes the workshop of the transmission of the atmosphere and stunning expressiveness. Looking at her, you immediately feel this unusually calm condition of nature after the storm. The grass is still shining from the rain, the wind drives up soft silver ripples on the surface of the Volga surface, the atmosphere of the cold does not flick the timid hopes for the heat transferred by the artist through the oblique rays of the sun, peeling through the torn clouds.

As a result, the Volga expanses fell in love with painter. Subsequently, he often returned to them. But even the same motives, Levitan had always been transferred to a new one, filled with different emotions and sensations. Trying to bring something more in his paintings, Levitan gradually moves from lyricity to philosophy, increasingly reflecting on the fate of human.

Composition " Golden autumn. Slobodka "(1889, the State Russian Museum, St. Petersburg) is still filled with more lyrical, contemplative mood. Autumn trees Dazzling "burn" under the still warm autumnal sun. This bonfire from the beauty of nature is the only decoration of sadly swollen gray-brown rustic houses. Nevertheless, even here is a harmony of rural life, born its inextricable communications with nature.

The tireless Sophia Petrovna once persuaded Levitan, brought up in the traditions of Judaism, to visit orthodox church On the day of the Holy Trinity. There the artist was amazed by the simplicity and sincerity of the festive prayer. He even got involved, explaining that this is not "Orthodox, but some kind of world prayer"!

These impressions resulted in amazing beauty and sounding landscape " Quiet abode»(1890, State Tretyakov Gallery, Moscow). Work hides in himself deep philosophical reasoning of the painter about life. In the picture, we see the church, partly hidden in a dense forest, which the rays of the evening sun are illuminated. Golden dome gently shine against a soft golden blue sky, reflected in the transparent water of the river. The bright sand path leads to the old one, which is destroyed and rudely capable wooden bridge, perched over the river. The composition of the canvas as if invites the viewer to go and plunge into the purity and the peace of being the Holy Resident. The painting gives rise to hope for the possibility of finding a man of quiet happiness and harmony with himself.

A few years later, the painter repeated this motive in another evening the "Evening ring" (1892, the State Tretyakov Gallery, Moscow). The picture shows the Orthodox monastery, standing out against the background of a pale-lilac sky, and lit by the rays of the pre-orders sun. In the water, light haze reflects its white-eyed walls. The soft bending of the river goeshes the abode, smoothly leaving the distance, and it seems that the raspberry chime bells towering over autumn forest The bell tower over the water flies. In the foreground, a slightly overgrown path is going on to the water, but there is no wooden bridge leading to the monastery on this canvase. It only remained the old swamped pier, next to which there are dark fishing boats, and the boat swims along the walls of the monastery itself, full of idle people. For all the poetry of the image and some solemnity of the sound, the picture does not give us hope for the possibility of achieving the catharsic sensation, offering only with sadness to dream about it, being as if as it were from what is happening.

At first, all the works of Levitan dedicated to his "Volzhsky" impressions, which he represented at various Moscow exhibitions, were surrounded by some directly conspiratorial silence. Only Pavel Tretyakov, for many years already who has previously worked for the works of the former student of the Moscow School in the most careful way, acquired several of his canvases. But at some point there was a fracture, and the work of Levitan began to warmly discuss, the works of the artist received the widest resonance, it was increasingly arguably argued in all art salons of the capital.

The painter itself, a long stay in the estates of Tver province for a long time, together with Sofia Petrovna Kuvshtinikova. Without tired, looking for new images, the artist wounded without the end of the wetlands. The first time, the sullen nature of the edge and his rare weather was suppressed by Levitan, but soon he took himself in his hands and created his next work, which all Moscow spoke.

Life Peripetia

Painting "Umut" (1892, the State Tretyakov Gallery, Moscow), which has very impressive sizes, causes an indescribable mystical feeling when considering. This is the first work of the artist, where he is not just admiring nature, but emphasizes and as if it states the fact of its initial hidden power.

In the foreground of the canvas, the viewer sees the unwitting, dark and as if a calm river. On the place of the blurred waters of the River Dam, several old boards and slippery on the view of the log. The opposite bank of the river, as it were, calls to themselves with a light path, but when you look, where it leads, a feeling of vague fear is born, and is it worth going to a condensed gloomy-coniferous forest, standing under a frown and turbulent evening sky. Levitan masterfully conveyed the feeling of an ominous twilightness of nature, generating uncertainty and doubt if we need to look into the abyss, go to it mysterious and wicked place?

The picture caused conflicting opinions in the Moscow artistic environment, someone admired her, someone did not consider her worthy brush of the master. But the faithful fan of the creativity of Levitan and a very contable man Pavel Tretyakov immediately bought it for his collection.

In the same period, the artist writes another canvas with a sharp change of moods, distinguished by an extraordinary lyricity that does not have anything common with the ghost of mortal longing, the first painting visited. The canvas "Autumn" (1890s, the State Tretyakov Gallery, Moscow) reiterates us to the artist with the artist melancholic, but the bright motive of nature cleansing himself in a bright festival of paints.

Nevertheless, according to the preserved certificates, in the 90s, the depressive state of the master more and more increased. A new worsening of the mental state of Levitan contributed to the story of Anton Chekhov "Peargun", released in 1892. Immediately, the entire Moscow intelligent public, including the one that was not familiar personally with Sofia Petrovna Kuvshtinikova, identified it in the form of the main character of the ironic work of the writer. And although the artist initially did not attach importance to the fact that he himself turned out to be a victim of his whistle's humor, soon he was influenced by his Sofia Petrovna, he doried with Chekhov. The gap with a friend was gone to the painter is not easy, especially since he was still with kindness and attentiveness referred to his sister Mary, and not married.

Resting with Kuvshtinikova in the Vladimir province in the summer of the same year, Levitan once during one of his distant walks in the forest accidentally came to the old Vladimir road. The tract was sadly known in the way that they were sent to Siberia convicts. This place made such a strong impression on the already depressed artist that he began to actively create sketches for his new job.

The work with the political subtext "Vladimirka" (1892, the State Tretyakov Gallery, Moscow) shows us the deserted dirt road, which in the center is made by the wheels of the crews, and at the edges - is a million bare feet challenged into the shackles. The gloomy picture leaves a resistant sensation of hopelessness.

Levitan, for whom this canvas had a special civilian sense, did not wait for public discussions, and immediately presented the picture Tretyakov. Being still in hostile relations with Anton Chekhov, the artist sent one of the sketches of Vladimirski his eldest brother Alexander, who ended up at the Law Faculty of Moscow State University. The gift had an inscription on the back of the side, which had the chapter: "The future prosecutor." This gesture deeply offended the young man.

But the painter had the right not to love officials and power. Immediately after the end of the picture, Levitan came to the number of Jews to be forced expulsion from Moscow.

The artist was not the first time experiencing acts of such anti-Semitic persecution, regularly suitable royal authorities. He did not save him even close acquaintance with many representatives of the metropolitan nobility.

Thus, in 1893, Isaac Levitan again leaves to the Tver province, where, in spite of anything, it creates an amazingly optimistic and bright canvas "on the lake (Tver Province)" (Saratovsky art Museum them. A.N. Radishcheva). The landscape tells about the uncomfortable life of a small village, located on the shore of a huge lake. Bright pre-ordinary sun illuminates his strong wooden leavesStanding against the background of spruce forest and inverted fishing boats with rages nearby networks. Prosaic species of a village creates, nevertheless, the impression of joy and even some fabulousness of being.

A year later, in 1893, the artist begins work on one of the most large-scale clouel "Over the Eternal Region" (1894, the State Tretyakov Gallery, Moscow). In this work, as in any other, in addition to poetic beauty eternal nature Felt philosophical attitude Masters to the strugnure of human being.

In the picture, we see the dilapidated wooden church standing on steep and deserted Bank A wide river extending to the horizon itself. Over the Church of the Church, lead-lilac clouds, and behind it, the few trees are covered with a dull graveyard with their bending branches under sharp gusts. Around the church is completely deserted, only dull light in its window gives a ghostly hope for salvation. We observe the whole composition as if from behind and on top, this technique enhances the impression of loneliness, deep longing and powerlessness. The artist seems to direct the viewer into the distance and swell, directly towards the cold sky. The picture was immediately redeemed by Pavel Tretyakov, which was very pleased with the painter.

The whole life of the artist was filled with sharp turns, both his mood and his fate. In the middle of the 1890s, one of such turns and the other happened. Levitan, who still lived with Kuvutynikova, rested on one of the provincial boric estates located in a picturesque corner. Here he met Anna Nikolaevna Turchaninova, resting at the cottage next door, and immediately fell in love with her. Sofya Petrovna, in despair even tried to commit to himself, but it did not stop the artist. He has a passionate and stormy Roman With this woman who was filled and enormous happiness and pain and different problems, such as the older daughter of Turchaninovaya Varvara, who fell in the painter.

After some time, Levitan again converges with his friend and becomes a frequent guest in the country of Czech in Melikov. Did not prevent this and the fact that Anton Pavlovich and his sister Maria were in no hurry to share the joy of a new toastful hobby of his friend. The writer is extremely skeptical and to the appearance of "infrared" in the new works of Isaac.

The painting "Golden Autumn" (1895, the State Tretyakov Gallery, Moscow), for example, is very far from those melancholic and sad images of autumn nature, so characteristic of the early creativity of Levitan. In very bright, emphasized decorative work The artist felt the tense and exciting feeling of happiness, which, it would seem at all likely to fit with the globility of the author.

In the same 1895, Levitan writes another "Volzhskaya" picture "Fresh wind. Volga "(State Tretyakov Gallery, Moscow). The painting is also solved in an unusual color palette for the artist, she is implant with the sun. Under dazzling white clouds, soaring on the bright blue sky, arguing with its purity with the waters of the river, swaying painted sailing yachts, and behind them can be seen white steamerGuide to the shore The entire plot is permeated by a very vigorous major mood. Seagulls, soaring low above the river add even more white spots to this timbre gamut of raised emotions.

The picture, more than ever reflects any internal conflicts or philosophical reflection The author, only vitality and delight. Even despite the fact that the optimistic mood of the painter sometimes replaced the attacks of severe depression and the desire to reduce the score with life, it is obvious that during this period of life, Levitan was full of hope and believed that he had a lot of good ahead.

Vera in good satisfied the atmosphere of the painting "March" (1895, the State Tretyakov Gallery, Moscow). A soft loose snow just begins to melt under the rays of the spring sun, there are still no hint on the gray trunks of the trees, thanks to which a birdhouse is clearly visible.

The canvas is filled with the expectation of summer, foreshadowing long walks through the forest and meet with your favorite people. And now, they came to visit only a couple of hours, and near the entrance, they are submiring the horse, pronounced in modest sleigh. In this landscape, so much joy of life and hope for the best, how much will never be in any picture of the artist. Levitan continued to be visiting Czech. In their house in Melikov, he creates a wonderful mood landscape " Flowering apple trees"(1896, State Tretyakovskaya Gallery, Moscow). The picture also refers to those few of his works that leave the viewer with a bright, major impression.

Stunning success

Around 1896, levitan finally came true. His work was successfully exhibited at the international exhibition in Zurich. Europeans were shocked amazing states Landscapes of the Russian Master.

Many friends advised the artist to visit the Russian north to capture and its harsh cold images. The painter had the opportunity to go to such a long journey thanks to the means he had reversed from the sale of his last works Tretyakov. Levitan decides to go. But then, at the very last moment, unexpectedly for everyone, it leaves not to Siberia and in Finland.

Despite the fact that Finland is also the northern country with its exceptional nature, this journey has not pleased the artist. True, he brought home several paintings.

For example, the canvas "in the north" (1896, the State Tretyakov Gallery, Moscow), which shows a cold and sad landscape. Century ate lonely falls under the arch of the autumn cloudy sky. The picture makes the impression of alienation and cold, which probably experienced an artist in a foreign country.

At this time, the artist manifests the first signs of his illness. Chekhov, in 1896 he examined his friend, will record in his diary that Levitan has an explicit extension of the aorta.

Nevertheless, the artist did not stop his work. In his canvases, no longer a thirst for life. Picture "Spring. GREAT WATER "(1897, the State Tretyakov Gallery, Moscow) became the top of the spring lyrics of Levitan. The thin trunk of young trees, immersed in transparent water, stretch towards the light blue sky, as if the washed rains and reflecting along with the trees in the waters of the rolled river.

Spring's offensive entails the awakening of nature, but now in its manifestations there is not so much hope of joy and warmth, how hidden sadness and think about the frequency of life: you do not have time to look back, as the summer will fly, autumn will come, and behind it and winter.

Poor well-being forced painting to engage in their treatment. According to the advice of Chekhov, he decides to leave again abroad for treatment. The artist Maniili's species of Mont Blanc, the tops of the Apennine, but the doctor was prested the painter to climb even the stairs. Hiking on Etudes in the mountains were under the strictest prohibition, but Levitan did not stop it. Unfortunately, violation of the recommendations of the doctors led to another complication of its condition.

The artist soon returned to Russia, because he could not live long from native places. Ordinary, but infinitely native forests and rivers were more like a painter than beautiful and unprecedented European landscapes. The work "the last rays of the sun. Osin Forest "(1897, a private assembly) was the most awesome to the colorable solution to the landscape of the wizard. The blue sky still breaks through the green foliage, but on the trunks of the trees already plays the raspberry swelling sunset. The thick and wet herbal carpet gently covers the ground. The rays of the setting sun unusually bizarrely lit the forest, creating a lightweight and elevated mood, transmitting the joy of being and fresh air, coupled with pleasant evening fatigue. True, if the viewer carefully looks close to the central part of the picture, then suddenly it will seem that the sunset churches are burning painful burns on the crust of tired trees. It is possible that during this period, Levitan clearly began to realize the irreversibility of his health, in the end, leading him to death.

Another blow was the death of a loved one since the time of school. In 1897, Savrasov buried in Moscow. Of last forces Levitan still arrived at the Panhid to give a tribute to the memory of a person, so much for him to mean.

Meanwhile, the fame and public recognition of the artist reached its zenith. In the next, 1898, the Academy of Arts awarded Isaac Levitan an honorary title of academician. Almost a quarter of a century passed since he was kicked out of the man, offering only an oboidal diploma of "not classious" artist. And so, he again entered the building on meat, where he was now offered to lead the landscape workshop. It still worked here, the polenov worked, highly appreciated the work of his former student, and for a year already taught his good friend Valentin Serov.

Levitan accepted the proposal and with his own ingenuity and emotionality took up a new thing. The artist transformed the workshop. Over his order, several dozen trees were brought there, transplanted from the forest in tubs, shrubs, many fir branches, grass and moss. Many famous painters visited the painted painter inside the school. At first, the master students wondered, but gradually their new teacher passed them an amazing ability to see something impossible in any remarkable partness.

Waiting for the end

Levitan continues to work, from under his brush there are amazing landscapes, but in their atmosphere no longer feels nor hope nor joy. Many of the last works of the artist are filled with the reasons, the end human life.

Among them, you can mark the picture "Silence" (1898, the State Russian Museum, St. Petersburg), producing a painful and dreary impression. In a dark sky, through heavy lead clouds, the decreasing moon is glazed by a little overwhelmingly, arable land and meadows started under them, on which a quiet river shines. The landscape seems not just sleeping, but the dead and only a big bird in the distance makes their night flight. What was caused by such a mood of the author? It would seem, finally, in the life of Levitan there was no longer alarm, no offense, no financial problems. He was loved and respected in the school and colleagues and students. The Board of Trustees of Muswise with understanding belonged to all its requirements. He broke in his workshop not only the forest glade, but also a chic greenhouse, which he himself created from dozen flowers in pots.

Students of his class did great progress, the artist attracted all the talented young people, leaving along with him on the etudes. But unworthiest sadness, almost all his life pursued by the painter, although flavored by an external attitude of business attitude and purposefulness, found its way out in his works. For example, in the landscape "Twilight" (1899, the State Tretyakov Gallery, Moscow), the viewer finally sees the ending summer day, about the saturation of the difficult labor of which they say the haystacks in the field. After sunset around, almost nothing can be seen, the entire plot is impregnated with deadly fatigue.

After the death of Pavel Tretyakov, Levitan was incorporated by the teaching staff of the Muswise in the commission engaged in the perpetuation of the memory of the Great Collector and the Metsenite, some acquisitions of which began to disappear and appear in a strange way. Perhaps at that time the painter felt the end of the Great Epoch when Russian paintings had real connoisseurs of their creativity, which were not important.

For his life, the artist was so pronounced by poverty and humiliation, which always tried to help his students. He found them simple picturesque orders or simply helped them with money from his own salary. Levitan was not tired of climbing young artists before the artistic Council of the exhibitions and was always worried about their work no less than their own paintings.

Externally, Levatin continued an active life, he taught, met with friends, even visited Chekhov in Yalta in 1899, but it seems that the artist has already separated himself from this world. He already felt the approach own death, even talked about this Maria Pavlovna Czech, during their long walks in the Crimean coast.

The Libery "Summer Evening" (1900, the State Tretyakov Gallery, Moscow) is extremely sharply transfers the mood of the absence. Here, above the sideline, the Pegaya Shadow hung. Before sunlightwhich illuminates the autumn forest in the background of the painting, to apply almost hand, but the dirt road under the sideline itself will not turn there, it suddenly breaks down.

Despite the foreboding, Levitan built plans. He agreed with Serov to spend the next summer at his relatives. Promised the disciples frequent rides on the etudes in the spring. But neither one or the other, he failed to implement.

At the end of May 1900, the disease chained painter to bed. Anna Nikolaevna Turchaninova immediately arrived at him, firmly removed to put his beloved on his feet. She often slalled Chekhov letters, in which he described in detail the state of the artist's health, requested the councils, but herself understood everything that all her troubles were powerless.

Isaac Ilyich Levitan died on July 22, 1900, without having lived to a forty-year-old age just a few days. According to an unconfirmed diagnosis, the cause of death was rheumatic myocarditis.

And at the World Exhibition in Paris at this time, his works were successfully exposed.

Isaac Ilyich Levitan left after death about forty unfinished landscapes found by relatives in his workshop. Levitan's elder brother Abel Ilyich, according to the will of the deceased, destroyed many of his sketches, etudes, almost all letters, notes and diaries.

Picture "Lake. Rus "(State Russian Museum, St. Petersburg) was among the works, which were considered the master unfinished and were not demonstrated by the public. Obviously, this landscape was conceived by Levitan in the mid-1890s. This says the color of the work - the bright blue sky, shining in the sun lake, the red roofs of the settlements, cultivated arable land on the other side and whitewashing the church - everything is filled with spiritualized raised mood. And only small shadows from the clouds falling on transparent water and hilly coast are introduced into the joyful state of admiration for their native land to the Tolik of sad thinking.

A talented artist did not have time to complete this work, but even in his unfinished version it belongs to the most significant work of the master. His works of Isaac Levitan provided a huge impact Not only on the domestic, but also the European art of the XX century. Becoming a practically an attachment of the mood landscape genre, the painter has enriched patriotic culture, and his high spiritual authority is invaluable for Russian landscape painting.

Tatyana Zhuravleva

The great master of the Russian landscape of Isaac Ilyich Levitan was born in a large and friendly Jewish family in the prisoner of the Lithuanian town near the Polish border. His "non-Russian" origin until the end of life will be the cause of humiliation and deprivation, but will not force him to leave the country, which has always been a source of inspiration for him, no matter what.

Financial difficulties forced the artist's family to move to, where at the age of 13, Levitan enters the art school. The years of study were full and success and trouble. Not all the teachers liked that their student of the Jew. And the passion of Levitan, the Russian landscape seemed to be mashed and insincere. Lucky master with the main teachers -, and. They managed to see in the first timid and unsure strokes of Scholyar future talentTherefore, they treated Levitan's student in a special way.

The early death of parents almost crossed plans for education. Teachers and friends helped. A young artist works not to twist. In the late 70s of the 19th century, Levitan meets Chekhov. This acquaintance was important for both. It is difficult to imagine more spiritually close people, equally talented, equally thinly feeling beauty.

During the student exhibition in 1879, one of the works of the student Levitan (autumn day. Sokolniki.) For 100 rubles buys Tretyakov himself. It would seem that from now on life should change for the better. But no, in the same year, Levitan, like all the Jews, is sent from Moscow. Only a year later, thanks to the troubles of influential friends, he managed to go back.

In the period from 1880 to 1885 the artist creates his famous canvas "Autumn", "Pines", "First Snow". The master becomes famous, his work is popular. In the 85th year, instead of a diploma of the artist, the School gives Levitan a diploma "teacher of cleaning". Another humiliation affects the health of the artist. He leaves in Crimea. The result of this trip was a series of landscapes, received enthusiastic reviews of critics.

The next success is the picture of the "Volzhsky" period of life. Thanks to numerous works created in the vicinity of the city of Ples, Levitan finally gets rid of financial difficulties, becomes famous. Now the artist goes to Europe. There he meets the best examples of French landscape. Searches for impressionists are very close to the master.

At the very beginning of the 1990s, Levitan joins the society of "Mobile". At the exhibitions of the association, his masterpieces appear: "Umut", "Summer", "October". And then again expulsion from Moscow. This time, the artist had so influential friends that a forced reference in Tver and Vladimir provinces lasted for a long time, but the humiliation was further undermined. It was in his forced link, Levitan writes one of his most deep and talented works -.

In 1894, the artist creates a canvas, which is considered to be the top of his work - "Over the Eternal Region". None of the left of Levitan is not approaching in his work to such high poetry and sensuality in the image of nature.

In subsequent years, the artist works not to twist the hands -, "Golden Autumn", "Fresh wind. Volga "- these are just those that the masters were recognized as masterpieces. In 1898, Isaac Levitan receives the title of academician and the right to teach Art school. But his health by this time was completely upset.

His last work, filled with solar optimism and warmth - he never finished. The heart of the Great Russian artist Isaac Ilyich Levitan stopped on August 4, 1900.

"The Great Worker, the Great Master, he improved every day - it always seemed to him that it would be better for him, he worried and suffered ... The great poet of nature, to the end I felt the inexplicable charm of the word" homeland ", he in his paintings managed to convey love for her , not embellished by anything, beautiful in his vitality "JUON KF F.

Photo of 1890

Isaac Levitan - An outstanding Russian artist, his talent was recognized as contemporaries unconditionally. Levitan created a mood landscape in which the image of nature is spiritualized by human feelings and reflections. The student and the continuer of tradition A. K. Savrasova and V. A. Polenova, Levitan enriched landscape painting by a variety of topics, emotional depth and poetic perception. Born in Lithuania in the town of Kybardi Koven province in the family of the employee, graduated from the Moscow School of Painting, Sculpture and Architecture, where he had already declared himself as a talented Lirik artist ("Autumn Day. Sokolniki", 1879). After graduating from the school, Levitan participated in mobile exhibitions, painted scenery for the private opera S. I. Mamontov, taught. In the cycle of work of the early 1980s, held in Zvenigorod, Levitan acts as a chamber artwork master. Luvitan landscapes are affected by subtlety and depth, limit laconic image. The artist sought to convey all the colorful wealth of Russian nature: she is young and happy ("Spring. Greater Water", 1897), sad and full of mystery ("Umut", 1892), sparkles with gold fallen leaves ("Golden Autumn", 1895) and The glitter of melting snow ("March", 1895). Luvitan's landscape is often referred to as the "mood scenery". Nature is depicted in it as it sees her scattered man's glance, entirely absorbed in any mental state And noticeing around just what sounds in the way with this state. Everything visible turns into echo sentiment - anxiety, peacekeeping, melancholy, grief. The mood is the phenomena of movable, prone to variability, and therefore in the Landscapes of Levitan we will not find a thorough finish bulk form items. The transfer of the shape of the objects, their color "timbre" is given generalizable - picturesque color stains. So paintings "March" and "Golden Autumn" are written (both - 1895), marking higher point in the development of Russian lyrical landscape. This picture is one of the subtle and penetrated landscapes of Levitan, with the work of which included the concept of "mood landscape". "Golden Autumn" is a kind of anthem of farewell with blooming nature, filled with bright burning of paints and a picturesque multi-flower. Written with brilliant skill, a landscape, distinguished by a complex color decision, transfers the beauty of nature throughout its autumn splendor.

In the landscapes of Levitan, nature is spiritualized by the invisible presence of a person, his moods and thoughts, the existence of which reminds churches, bridges, horses, graves. Among the landscapes of Levitan, a group of works is allocated, where the mood is translated into a plan of thinking about the fate of a person, the fate of Russia. Such is the famous "Vladimirka" (1892) - a picture depicting the road, which has long been expected by silent in Siberia. The sad poetry of Russian roads, repeatedly felt in folk songs and verses, found a deep picturesque implementation from Levitan. The landscapes with the "Philosophical Program" refers to the picture "Over the Eternal Region" (1894). It would seem to the edge of the Earth, the kingdom of silence, which imposes the thoughts of eternity and death. The numerous quest for the artist, reflections on life and death, about the intake of the world and the strugnure of human life was reflected in this large-scale canvas. Levitan wrote a picture in Tver province, on the Lake Udoml Welsh wolf.. However, this is not an image of a particular area, but rather an expression of a monumental epic image of nature, not subject to time. Solving a picture in the style, close to modern, Levitan remained faithful than ovality. The island of the Earth with an abandoned cemetery and chapel, surrounded by water and heaven from all sides, expresses not only the mood, but the feelings and thoughts of the artist who wrote about the painting "I am in it, with all my psychology, with all content." Stinking contrast to it is an unfinished cloth "Lake. Rus "(1900) - collective image Russian Nature, who is biting the anthem with the beauty of his native land, the poem about Russia, its beauty and greatness. He did not have time to complete the work. July 22, 1900 Levitan did not. A. P. Chekhov, close friend The artist, wrote about him: "To such an amazing simplicity and clarity, the motive, to which Levitan recently came, no one reached, and I do not know if anyone comes after." The work of Levitan had a huge impact on the next generation of landscape players.

After the rain. Ples, 1889.

Birch grove, 1885

Autumn landscape. 1898.

Fresh breeze. Volga, 1895.

March, 1895.

Evening ringing, 1892

Fall. Fog, 1898.

Quiet abode, 1891

Over the Eternal Region, 1897

Golden autumn, 1895

Fall. River, 1897.

Umuta, 1892

Silence, 1897.

Lake. Rus, 1900.

Dusk. Moon, 1898.

Nenuofara, 1895.

Evening. Golden Ples, 1889

Vladimirk, 1892.

On the Volga, 1888

Spring. Big Water, 1897

V. Sklyarenko about the work of Isaac Levitan

An outstanding Russian painter-landscape, the creator of "mood scenery", an excellent draftsman and a colorist. Academician of Painting (1897), Member of the Partnership mobile exhibitions (Since 1887), a valid member of the Munich Art Society "Setsestion" (1897). Participant international Exhibitions In Munich (1896, 1898, 1899), the World Paris Exhibition (1900). Head of the landscaped class in the Moscow School of Painting, Sculpture and Architecture (since 1898).

The concepts of "Levitan Landscape", "Levitan Autumn" have long entered our lives, becoming synonymous with the beauty of Russian nature. Not every painter was able to be so poetically and elevated to perpetuate his name in the memory of descendants, like Levitan. Meanwhile complex art Comprehension of nature, this genius of the landscape went through difficult, and sometimes painful. And even being an already recognized master, he often felt dissatisfaction with his work, suffered from the inability to transfer all the divine beauty of the universe on the canvas. In a letter to A. P. Chekhov in 1887, the artist wrote: "Could there be something more tragic how to feel the infinite beauty of the surrounding, notice the intimate secret, to see God in everything and can not be able to, conscious of your impotence, express these great sensations ... ". Contemporaries were often called Levitan "Lucky Loser". In this paradoxical definition, the sweetness of the artist's creative victories was also expressed, and bitterness of his unhappy human destiny. For his incomplete forty years, he fully experienced the need and humiliation, often lived in the disaster with himself and others, worried about creative crises and reborn again to life through art. And therefore, speaking of themselves, Levitan claimed: "... I can't be a little happy, fucked, well, in a word, I do not understand myself out of painting."

The future artist was born in the town of Kibarda former Koven province in the poor Jewish family. His father graduated from the Rabbian school, but then, addicted to foreign languages, began to earn a living with lessons. The knowledge of French is especially useful for him when the construction of the Koven Railway began, in which engineers from France participated. Levitan-senior began to serve at the railway station first by the translator, and then the cashier. In 1869, the family moved to Moscow. In 1873, Isaac was adopted in the Moscow School of Painting, Sculpture and Architecture, where his elder brother Adolf has already studied. The family lived poorly, and after the death of the parents (Mothers - in 1875 and the Father - in 1877) four children who remained orphans were in extreme need. The famous artist M. V. Nesterov, a former companion Isaac in the school, recalled: "Levitan needed much, many semi-infantastic stories went to his school. They talked about his great appointment and about great need. They raised that he did not have sometimes overnight. There were cases when Isaac Levitan after evening classes imperceptibly disappeared, hid in the upper floor of a huge old Yushkova house ... Wrong by the last bypass of the excreted school with a soldier of strawberry, nicknamed "unclean power", remained one to dust the night in warm winter evening And for a long night so that in the morning, on an empty stomach, start the day of dreams about gently beloved nature. "

But, despite the hunger and carelessness, the talented young man studied much better than many wealthy aligns. Already in 1875, Levitan, as received "first numbers in artistic classes," awarded a drawer of paints and dozen brushes (for a poor artist, it was a fortune), and in 1876-1879. They free from the training fee "In view of the extreme poverty" and how "that showed great progress in art." And at the same time Isaac had to feel the whole severity of humiliation of human dignity. In 1879, after the persistence of the People's Republic of Alexander II, he, as well as other Jews, together with the brother and sister Anna was expelled from Moscow (the second time of Levitan, already famous painter, send in 1892). "Relief" settled at the cottage in the village of Saltykovka near Moscow. They lived the injignment, and to get the means of existence, the novice artist creates his first picture of the "evening after the rain". It was difficult to write it: Isaac, dressed in the red old shirt, leaning trousers and leaf on a boss, had to hide behind the bushes, so that her miserable look did not attract the attention of an elegant walking public. Asking the clothes from Shurin, he went to Moscow, where he sold this picture for 40 rubles on the cover and was extremely happy.

In October 1879, Levitan was enrolled by the Council of School teachers for scholarships. V. A. Dolgoruky. Then they are written a picture "Autumn day. Sokolniki ", immediately acquired P. M. Tretyakov. Already in it, the main feature of Levitanovsky creativity was manifested - the insecurity of nature from the world of human feelings. All in this picture - and low gray clouds, and the trees burning along the deserted alley, burning the latter, fading beauty, and the falling autumn foliage - inappropriately sorrowing lonely wandering female figures (she was drawn by the artist Nikolai Chekhov). To such perception of nature was taught by a young painter his wonderful teachers - A. K. Savrasov and V. D. Polenov, who in every way developed and supported the talent of Levitan. For example, Polenov attracted him to work on scenery for the private opera S. I. Mamontov, often invited to "live and work" in his estate. But even these mast masters could not change the decision of the School Council that thesis Their student is not worthy of a large silver medal. And, by graduating from 1883, Levitan received an artist's not the title, but a certificate teacher's diploma. Already the first of his landscapes written in 1883-1884, fascinated by the extraordinary freshness of painting. Pictures "Bridge. Savvinskaya Sloboda, "Savvinskaya Sloboda under Zvenigorod" and Etude "First Greenery. May "(the cloth of the same name was written in 1888) filled with dazzling sun, juicy and openwork herbs and trees, feeling joy from the riot of paints and life forces of awakening nature. Meanwhile, the creative mood of the artist himself at this time was by no means joyful. The wreck of hopes, a relentable need, the feeling of self-out of society often plunged him into the state of depression. In such periods, he left people from a soft and delicate man turned into silent or coarse and unpredictable. In the spring of 1885, he even attempted suicide, the first and not the last.

But the summer spent by Levitan with the family of Czech in the country in Babkino, returned to him the cheerfulness and strength to work. It was a rare artist for a period of carefree life, full of young fun, foolish and drawing. Here, Levitan was especially close to A. P. Chekhov, and this friendship, crushed afterwards the only three-year-old break, lasted until the end of the artist's life. Despite the charms of summer dacha life, he managed to work a lot and fruitfully. The Flygel, in which Levitan lived, was on top of donomis coached by etudes, which then became the basis of many of his famous paintings.

A big role in the artist's work was played by his trips to Volga in 1887-1890. Thanks to them, he created an unusual landscape canvases, in which the epic scope and fine lyricity, incessing and contemplation, deep reflections on the incredit beauty of the world and light sadness ("Evening on the Volga", "Evening Golden Ples", "After the rain. Flots "," Birch grove "," Golden Autumn. Slobodka "," quiet abode "). Ride on the Volga trembled Levitan. He stopped Handing, cheerful, and this joyful mood was reflected in his canvases. A. P. Chekhov praised them very much: "You know, he noticed a friend," a smile even appeared on your canvases. " In the Volga works of Levitan, the national character of the Russian landscape was especially strongly expressed. They brought the artist fame and recognition. One of them - the picture "On the Volga", presented at the competition of the Moscow society of art lovers, was awarded the first award. From this time, Levitan becomes a welcome guest in the houses of the Moscow artistic intelligentsia. Especially often he visits the evening, suitable by the artist S. P. Kuvshtshinikova, who accompanied him in all trips along the Volga. According to M. P. Czech, the sister of the writer, "Sophia Petrovna was not particularly beautiful, but an interesting woman in his dating." She painted well, and some of her works were even presented in the Tretyakov Gallery. It is not surprising that ardent and temperamental Levitan was not joking her. Their relationship was formed the basis of the Chekhovsky story "Peargun", which brought the artist with Anton Pavlovich for a long time.

This passion was not the only one in the life of Levitan. For a long time he was in love with Mizinov, made a proposal of Maria Pavlovna Czech. Subsequently, she recalled: "Levitan had a delightful noble face and very expressive eyes. Women found him beautiful, he knew it and strongly before them ... Levitan was irresistible for women, and he himself was in love unusually. His hobbies proceeded violently, at all in sight, with different nonsense, up to the shots inclusive. " A story with a shot, which Maria Pavlovna recalls, was described by Czech in the "Seagull" play. It occurred in July 1895 in the estate of Turchaninov, where the artist arrived writing etudes. The reason for which Levitan wanted to shoot, was the rivalry of Turchaninov's passioned Anna Nikolaevna and her daughter Varia. Fortunately, and this time, death passed him. But the experienced shock for a long time tormented the soul of the artist. In a letter V. D. Polenov, he wrote: "... there is no strength to live, die also; Where to go yourself? !! " Healing power Levitan, as always, found in art.

Since 1891, the artist works in the workshop, courtesy of S. T. Morozov's courtesy. Here he creates the best his works: "Omuta", "Vladimirka" (both in 1892), "Over the Eternal Region" (1893-1894), "Golden Autumn", "March", "Fresh wind. Volga "(all in 1895)," Spring - great water"(1897) and others. These canvases are striking by their flavor, the thoughtful composition of the composition, new, unprecedented for Russian landscape painting with plot motives, and most importantly - philosophical sound. Meditation of the artist about the world and man in it is especially expressed in the painting "Over the Eternal Region". It clearly sounds the theme of the brinity human existence and the limitless power of nature. Levitan himself wrote about this picture: "... I am in it all, with all my psyche, with all my content ...". No less monumental landscape image was created by the artist and in Vladimirka, which, according to M. V. Nesterov, "may be boldly called the Russian historical landscape, which is a bit in our art."

In the last decade, Isaac Ilyich often happens abroad: in France, Italy, Switzerland, Finland. There he meets the art of old and modern European masters, looking for new picturesque forms, writes landscapes ("near Bordie Ges. In the north of Italy," Mediterranean Sea", 1890; "Lake Como", 1894). But the overseas paintings of the artist in Russia did not have success. Criticism of poisonous wrote that Levitan "already sang his song and died for Russian landscape." Getting acquainted with such statements, a very wound and sensitive artist could not find a place. In addition, they were increasingly given to know about themselves signs of severe heart disease. In 1897, the doctors said Isaac Ilyich that he had a heart vice and an extension of the aorta. He was very sad about the fact that the disease does not give him the opportunity to work, and said: "It hurts the weapon so early." But, despite the prohibitions of doctors, Levitan continues to write a lot. He creates the finest lyrical poems in the colors - "Twilight", "Stacks. Twilight, "Summer Evening", " Late fall"And a large, long-minded cloth" Lake. Rus ", which contemporaries called" Songs without words. " It was about these works by the artist A. P. Chekhov wrote: "... to such an amazing simplicity and clarity of the motive, to which Levitan recently recently recently reached him, and I do not know if anyone would reach after."

The brilliant landscape officer died on July 22, 1900, at the time of flowering Favorite Floxes. They were put on his grave with young artists - those whom he taught to comprehend nature deeply and penetrating, so as to hear "herbs of herbanka."

Among the most famous artists of the world are bright images of Russian painters. Magnificent paintings of masters compete with masterpieces the best artists The world is deservedly recognized. Here are alive, breathable works of Isaac Ilyich Levitan.

Biography and creativity artist Isaac Levitan

In the town of Cybarta, the Marijampol County, belonging to the August province, lived a poor family of Jews. Ilya Abramovich (Ellashiv-Life) 18 (30). 08.1860 once again became the Father. Educated person He tried to support children, all four to give a normal education.

There is a somewhat different view of this family. Some art historians, historians argue that Isaac was not the son of Ilya Abramovich Levitan, because the child was older for 5 months younger brother. Most likely, the boy remained without parents, his native uncle adopted the nephew. Accurate date / place where Levitan was born is unknown.

Ilya Levitan understood that a good education will receive exclusively cadets, students of large educational institutions. The family went to the capital after the birth of boys. So the father provided the opportunity to learn in the Moscow School of Painting, Drainy, architecture. The first to study Abel Life (1871th), Isaac - 1873th.

1875th brought a mountain family: Death took Mother. Health left his father. Leaving the heavy work of the railway worker, Ilya Abramovich tried to reduce the ends with the ends, was engaged in tutoring, he could not pay for their studies to study. The school helped the family. In view of the extreme needs of students, transferred guys for free training. 3. 02. 1877 Tifa took the Father.

Isaac was trained in the "Wizard" class under the guidance of Perov, later training in the landscaping class was engaged in Savrasov. By March 1877, the student put two masterpieces covered by the press, which brought a guy with a silver medal, state financial assistance (220 rubles).

1879th brought a change to all Jews: they were forbidden to live in the capital. Master Brush moved to the countryside of Saltykovka, taking sister with her husband. 1880, selling the picture "Evening after the rain", the young Master Brushes rented an apartment with full furnishings on Big Lubyanka.

80s. Isaac spent summer days on the territory of Ostankino, creating great masterpieces. The works of Levitan those years have disassembled private collections, museums. For example, the picture "Films" is exhibited among the exhibits of the House-Museum of Levitan. There from the feather came out:

"Oak Grove. Fall";
"Pines";
"Oak".

Get a diploma Isaac prevented by lack of money. In the spring of 1885, the artist moved to Maximovka, located next to Babkina, where the Czech family was often located. So Levitan and Chekhov met, became friends-rivals. The painter began to hurt, often reminded himself a heart. 1886 Master Brusci corrected health in the Crimea, conducted an exhibition, submitting 50 landscape cloths. 80-90s Isaac served as a teacher's landscape class teacher of Gunsta's graceful arts.

The winter months of 1889-1890, the painter spent in Europe, traveling in French, Italian expanses, visiting the World Exhibition of Arts in Paris.

In 1892, Isaac had to move from the metropolitan province, as the "Face of Jewish Religion", first to Tverskaya, then in the Vladimir province. The artist communicates a lot with Serov, who wrote Levitan's sweating:

1895th marked the trip to the Austrian, French lands.

1896 Artist suffered a disease with a typhoid, giving a complication of the aneurysm of the heart. The disease became incurable.

May 1897. Master of Painting enjoyed living in Kurmajor, located near italian city MONBLAN. 1988 Levitan awarded the title of academician landscape painting.

Winter of the 1899th hand painted. Doctors sent Isaac to Yalta, where he met with Chekhov and often spoke of death, as the heart was hurt constantly. 22.07 (4.08) 1900 Levitan left the world.

Pictures of Levitan

Levitan spent a lot of time in nature. His sick heart wanted freedom, silence, faith in the best. The most famous paintings by Levitan with the names that open the beauty of Russian land in front of the audience are in the most famous collections.

The "Golden Autumn" canvas shows a magnificent landscape, which brought before the eyes of the artist of 1895 near the hill estate, located on the territory of the Tver province. Expressive, energetic work technique, a clean view of the nature created a real masterpiece.

"March" - a canvas created in the hill manor. The picture is presented Tretyakov Gallery.. When looking at the image, the viewer falls into a fun drop, comes to life, the earth wakes up. The victory of cheerful spring over the cold boat of winter is presented at the time of the fracture for the benefit of heat.

The canvas "Over the Eternal Region" displays the thoughts and feelings of the artist. Nonignificance of human thoughts fast current Life, Circulation of Being left a mark on the picture. Gray clouds, church, cemetery, hill over quiet wate Ozerny Omut.

The painting "Umut" represents a bright sample of the painter talent. Presented by the 1892th, affects the naturalness of the image. The silence of a dangerous place is delayed, anxiety, anxiety covers with long-term love of the web. The desire to rush into the water, leave problems, leave forever a quiet aqueous way to creep into the consciousness of the viewer. The dangerous beauty of the Russian depths fascinates with its completion.

The canvas "Birch Grove" - \u200b\u200ba bright sample of positive landscape art. Glare sunlight, flowers awaken the desire to live, rejoice in the new day.

Open soul to God, watching the sunset at the monastery, will help the canvas "Evening". The purity of the image, the quiet surface of the river water, small chelny, emphasizing the insignificance of human existence. Beauty leading to God.

Monastery over the Volga, walking trail, a fragile wooden bridge point to the thornyness of the human life path. Picture "Quiet Abode" gives soothery, healing a fantastic soul. Calm, faith to God, the reliability of his protection is felt in the first minutes of contemplation.

The incomplete Lake Lake was created by the artist on the threshold of death. The last strokes did not have time to finish the work remaining forever in progress. The painter managed to hand over part of the images, give them life. Imaging clouds, noisy rearmen, quiet water ripples go to the fore. Silence, the power of nature is made by way of activity of people in the background, but remain the main motive.

The pure field, leaving the road, the infinity of heaven, the Earth constitute the main motive of the picture "Vladimirk". The symbol of an endless path, an endless cycle of life.

Autumn landscapes of Levitan rarely fix clear human figures. Clean nature inspires the masters, but the painting "Autumn day. Sokolniki "won recognition immediately. Deserted alley, yellowed leaves, easy female Silhouette harmonizing with nature. Calm, nostalgia impregnate the image created by a skillful brush.

Nature in the work of Levitan takes the main place. The work of the masters is impregnated with reverence in front of Russian fields, forests, rivers, lakes. After the death of the artist, Luvitan's little-known etudes were found (300), 40 unfinished canvases.