Going governess merchant house Description Pictures. Perov Vasily

17.05.2021

Governess arrival merchant house Description

Description of the picture of Venetsian "on arable land

Boris Field, "Tale of this man": Analysis of the work of Sholokhov Tale of a real person

We read the picture V.G. Perova "The arrival of the goover in a merchant house"
(To help with studying Pieces N. Ostrovsky).

Objective: - learn the right perception of artwork,

Expand knowledge in the field of painting;

To give the concept of the connection of visual arts with literature when studying the Pieces of N. Ostrovsky;

Develop aesthetic taste, logical thinking, attention, memory, correct literary speech;

Develop the ability to listen carefully to the speaker and perceive heard;

Brief interest in fine art, to history, to literature.

In 1866, Vasily Grigorievich Pereov wrote a picture of the "arrival of the Guivans in a merchant house." We are familiar with the artist on his cloths "Troika" and "Rural Procession on Easter." We know what excitement and sincere participation he told about the little people oppressed by the fate. This time the picture transfers us into a small township, in the deaf Russian province. More than a hundred years ago, I wrote this picture by the artist, but today visitors to the Tretyakov Gallery stay for a long time for this Persian Persian.

As in most works of the artist, the picture "The arrival of the goover in a merchant house" is modest in paints and small in size. Before us is a room in a wealthy merchant house. In the center of the painting and attention - a young girl. She just graduated from the doctrine and, after a long road, enters someone else's house, where it will teach and bring up a merchant daughter. The whole family poured towards her. Ahead of the owner is a fat merchant. Next to him is a French son, behind - all households. The servants and those fled to look at arrive and look out of the front.

What kind of people are it? How did they meet the governess? What awaits a girl in a merchant house? About all this tells in detail the picture.

Let's try to read this story as you read an interesting book. Do not rush to read in order to truly understand and feel the picture.

Of course, the first time it is not so simple, because we still do not know how to "read" the picture. Remember how you learned to read your first books. At first you learned letters, then you started reading in syllables. Only after that began to read the whole phrase, they learned the signs of punctuation - commas, points, colon. And a lot of time passed until you learned to read running and confidently, and out loud, and to ourselves - to read with the expression, with passion, getting joy from the read page.

Artists also have their own alphabet, have their own syllables and warehouses, of which the picture is composed. And only knowing the alphabet of painting, having learned to "read" the works of artists, you can watch pictures with interest and enthusiasm and deeply understand their content.

Let's start with the first, most important syllable.

What is the most important thing?

In his picture, the artist Perov portrayed nine human figures. Imagine for a minute that he would put them all in a row, as in the photo. Of course, in such a picture, we would meet with all the characters, but would not know what the relationship between these people was going on. Such a picture would not tell you about anything. And the artist had to tell about the fate of the poor girl. The girl is the main character of the picture. So I put her artist in the center, on the foreground.

By bowing his head, in a modest dark dress, the girl stands face to the viewer, and towards her all the merchant family came out of a wide door.

By placing the shapes against each other, the artist emphasizes the main idea of \u200b\u200bhis painting: he as if he faces two worlds - ignorant merchants and a modest educated girl who should now be unquestioned to fulfill all the orders of their new owners. It is not random in the picture and thrown on the floor, a plush walkway: she emphasizes the oncoming movement. The girl just came, the merchant just stopped. What will happen now?

This location of the figures already reveals the main content of the picture. But if you look around, you will see three more figures in the picture: the maid, a lacquer and a boy on the blisters look from the doors on the left. They look at arrive with unconscious curiosity, and the boy, in a long not for the growth of Camzole, even laughs. These figures are also needed by the artist: located on the left, they balance the group of the merchant and his family, depicted on the right side of the canvas, and enrich the content of the picture. You may have sang in two voices. The first voice leads the main melody, in the second voice ends it and enriches the melody and the sound of the song. These two figures located on the side, and play the role of the second voice in the picture.

The first syllable of the picturesque alphabet is the location of the figures in the picture - artists are called the composition. The composition is the basis of painting. She expresses the main idea of \u200b\u200bthe artist, the idea of \u200b\u200bthe picture.

That neither face, then character.

When the composition is found, and all the figures are placed in its place, you can draw them: to write faces, costumes, the poses of the heroes.

"That neither the type that neither the face is that neither the character, then the peculiarity of the expression of any feeling," the artist has repeatedly spoke to his students.

Indeed, imagine two people - one of them is a young man, and the other is an old man. Both are rejoiced, both laugh, but the same feeling will quite differently affect these two people completely unlike each other. Suppose that one of the poor and the other is rich, one Russian. And the other Frenchman, one returned from the walk, and the other just woke up. All these shades of feeling should be portrayed on the faces of their heroes a true artist. It must be very observant. From many people, he must choose only one right face for his picture and revive him with joy, sadness, surprise - exactly the sense that he needs for the conceived scene. And the supervisory artist, the better he knows life, the more accurate and thinner the drawing, the more meaningful of his picture and the more she worries us.

Here M and came to the second syllable of our picturesque alphabet: this is a drawing. He is the main storyteller. He tells about the main character in detail, about every hero, about his past and present, tells about all the events of the painting.

The girl just entered the room. Look at how much embarrassment on her pretty face. She almost turned away from us, but as his entire figure is expressing, as if his moved every movement. The elbows are tightly pressed, the fingers nervously compress the little handbag. Girl excited. She is trying to get a piece of paper from the handbag.

From the letter depends a lot. Probably, the girl's mother screamed him from some noble patron. And now in this letter all the fate of the girl, her whole hope for a piece of bread, on a poorly heavy earnings.

And as a picturesque dress of the girl! How easily his free folds fall like a slim young figure, and how touching it looks like a modest dress next to the expensive, slopfully rolled up the merchant!

The owner and his family, the artist outlined with merciless truth. This is not a caricature, the artist exaggerated nothing, but look only on the feet of the merchant and his barchonka-son.

The merchant spread his legs wide, shoes into Russian boots: he stands confidently as the owner whose will in this house no one dares to reach. And the son is raised to the "European manner": he crossed his legs with the most independent view.

Now I will transfer the look above - on the hands of the owner. These are not working hands, it is the hands of a full-minded man. Fingers spread out: they would only count money! The merchant just got out of bed. She barely worked out the floors of his robe, and then did it somehow: one gender above, the other below.

But the main thing in the picture, of course, faces.

On the face of the merchant, we read poorly hidden discontent. It can be seen that he would prefer to hire for her daughter "true Madama", a French franger with trendy manners, but stuffiness and merchant cleassment made him write a teacher cheaper. He looks at focus on the governess and already doubts: whether she can teach him a daughter to all "delicate sciences": twitter in French and branding on a frustrated piano.

The face of the Son is full of irony: this fan with curly curls and fashionable tick considers himself smarter than everyone and, of course, smarter than this poorly dressed girl.

From the door to the right, another heroine looks out - the merchant daughter who will teach the governess. On her face at the same time curiosity, and fright: Would there be a new teacher too strict? Yes, and Papnyka does not hurt, if it will be bad to cook lessons!

Behind the merchant, behind his elbow, it is the hostess. Having learned about the arrival of the governess, she threw her job in the kitchen and came to look at the girl, did not even have time to pull the tough sleeves. And the left of the front looks out the servants. And here everyone has its own expression! The maid looks with sympathy: who is who, and she knows how he lives servants in this house, and the governess is also a servant. The pretty lacquer looks with curiosity, and the boy laughs: the girl is alien to him, from the city - the lady, from the Lord. It is a ridiculous girl's city costume, and her timid manners, "this will not be able to stand up for himself. "That will be fun," the boy thinks, "as the owner will be honored with her hostess, shoot off the Lord's armor!".

For his painting V.G. Perov chose the most busy moment: he portrayed the first meeting of the girl and the merchant. No one has not yet said a word, but a timid, trembling the voice of the governess, trembled from excitement. And the viewer knows already: no, the life of a modest educated girl in a rich house will be not sweet.

We told about all this. The second syllable of a picturesque alphabet was told - the main storytellor-drawing.

What tells the cardboard.

Pictures of Perov can be viewed by clock, and the more peering in them, the more you know about the heroes of the painting and their fate.

We met with a young governess, with a merchant and with his family, drew attention to servants looking out of the front. The picture has already made us think about the fate of the poor girl in someone else's rich house. Still, we learned not yet. In the pictures of Perov, not only people take part in the story, but also all the items depicted by the artist. Persian objects attached great importance, thoughtfully thought out and wrote out each smallest item. Details in his paintings are not accidental, they also tell. We already know that the life of the governess in a rich house will not be difficult, but we will look carefully: whether it is impossible to learn anything about the past of our heroes.

On the left, the opened door, stands on the floor of the suitcase, and on it cardboard. It is not difficult to guess that these things are not standing in the room constantly, they are put on the road, they just made them. An old suitcase and cardboard is all that brought the governess with him. With his humble species, they once again talk about the poverty of the girl. Things are covered with dust, "it means that she made a small way. But this is not a rustic chest, but a suitcase with copper castles made by the urban master. Even more interesting cardboard for hats. Close carefully, you can see the sticker of a fashionable company. This tells us that the governess came to the provincial merchant house from the capital, that the family knew it once and the best times. It is possible that the father and mother of the girl were also abroad, rested at fashionable resorts and brought with them this card. And now, after the death of his breadwinner, the family fell into poverty, and the girl is forced to look for earnings in other people's people. So a small detail reveals in front of us another page from a young governess biography.

Is it not the details on the painting that would tell us about the merchant, the owner of the house?

Look to the left. High on the wall, in a gold-plated frame, hanging portrait of an old man with an eyelary beard. Wine, facet, it is very similar to the owner of the house. Of course, this is his father or grandfather - the same as he, ignorant Samodor. This portrait tells us a lot and, above all, that the young governess fell into the house of hereditary merchants, where the old-fashioned way of life reigns, where all the households go through the string and even "torture do not dare", the submissive Word of the owner. This is the "Dark Kingdom" of Tolstosums-merchants, where a person is not valued for the mind, not for his dignity, but for a fat wallet, for the ability to deceive, buy cheap and sell Stridogoga.

Deeply thought out by an artist and a merchant house. On both sides of the arch cost figure chairs. At first glance, it can be seen that no one ever sits on them that they were exhibited for "chic." And close to gold wallpaper, and golden sconces with candles, and intricate the garland over the arch - all this is rich, but the tasteless decoration of the hall speaks about the desire of the owner to emphasize his wealth, "let dust in the eye", everyone who goes into this room. And the coolest ignorance is hiding behind its shown luxury. Objects or accessories, as the artists call them, are not so much in the picture. Their paints are neuropas, they are all left a little in the shade: they should not distract the viewer from the main thing: from the action. But at the same time, each items are necessary, everyone complements the shown the scene and helps to express the artist's thought.

Music paints.

So we approached the third, the last syllable of our picturesque alphabet. The third syllable of painting is all the variety of paints, shades of tones, spots of light and shadows, which painting with us, or, as artists call, color painting.

Coloring the paintings "The arrival of the goover in a merchant house" - modest, neurvy. After all, the artist says not about any special festive event - he speaks about the usual everyday day in a merchant house, speaks in restrained, calm colors.

But imagine that in the picture, as a photo, devoid of paints and is written only by black and white. Without colors, she would immediately have lost their expressiveness, the characteristics of the heroes would have turned pale, the charming harmony of calm brown-reddish and golden-green tones would disappear. Of course, we would understand without paints, what happens in the room, but the mood would disappear the mood of tense silence, minute silence at the time of the first meeting of the merchant with a girl. It is this mood that creates the color of the paintings, its paints.

How does the artist lighting and light use?

Color is directed to the central group - on the family of the merchant. See how the dark raspberry bathrobe is written perfectly written: the light falls on his deep folds, and it is immediately felt that this is a soft heavy velvet. Next to the rich raspberry tone of the bathrobe shines silk on the blouse of the hostess, and immediately - a cheerful pink skirt of the girl. The whole group is brightly illuminated, and its motley paints are emphasized by a calm plush path tone. By sending the light on the family family, the artist as it may indicate a viewer, and the screaming variegated tones gives the characteristic of a rich merchant family.

Top other paints found an artist for a governess. He chose the most modest brown gamut and revived it only by a touching blue ribbon on the shepsa girl. A dark silhouette of her figure on the background of a light wall. The noble calm tones of her dresses are also talking about modesty, and on the ability to dress up to face and simply. Thus, the paint emphasizes the artist's main idea of \u200b\u200bthe picture - the collision of the two worlds.

The third syllable of the picturesque alphabet - coloring the paintings - once again stressed and completed the characteristics of the heroes, the light and tone was still brighter allocated the main actors, calm harmony of paints created a mood that helps us even better understand and feel the picture.

So all the artistic means of painting: the composition, drawing and color, complementing each other, reveal the idea of \u200b\u200bthe picture.

The picture touches, causing, calling.

The picturesque alphabet helped us the syllable for a syllable to read the picture. We learned what was happening in a merchant house, got acquainted with the heroes of the painting, with their characters, even with the past, tried to look into the future of heroes.

This was not told not a fat book, not a performance that was played out the actors for three hours before us, but a small piece of canvas. The magic of painting at one moment miraculously moved us to distant times, into the dark kingdom of provincial merchants. We not only learned about how people once lived - no, we did not remain indifferent to their fate: we were worried about the heroes, because the excitement was transmitted through the drawing and paints, his pain and anxiety for the fate of the girl.

It is possible for a long time, carefully peering into the picture, understand and even be able to retell its content, but not only this is the art of looking paintings. The heart of painting is not in the location of the figures and spots of paints and light, but in those thoughts and feelings that the artist invested in their work. Feel his excitement, his joy, sadness, indignation, anger, delight - this means "to watch the picture", create and worry with the artist.

Irina Timofeevna Deruna

russian language and literature teacher

MBOU "Novofedor School-Lyceum",

Saki district, Republic of Crimea

19th century ... Stormy, rapid, controversial. The abolition of serfdom in 1861 brought Russia to the path of capitalist development. Russia, as if the train, rushes forward to a new life.

The peasants, although they were freed, but still robbed and disassembled, moisture nishchensky existence in need and grief.
Now new predators are already: manufacturer, merchant and a tricky peasant, along with landowner - greed and insatiable, rush to power over the ordinary Russian people ...

The new "owners of life" suffer from silent and limited, cynicism and merciless - everything is broken, just to humiliate, crush the Russian people, subordinate to themselves. Against oppression fought many outstanding artists of the second half of the 19th century, including Vasily Grigorievich Perov.

A talented artist whose name is in one row with I. Repin, V. Surikov, V.Saverovy, was accused of freeingly, sympathy for oppressed people, so he did not complain about the authorities. And yet, despite everything, his talent was recognized and appreciated.

For his life, Vasily Persov managed to create many paintings, and in each of them the protest and struggle against the oppression and cure of the people. Let's take at least "the arrival of the goover in a merchant house", the picture since childhood is familiar and loved, but every time carefully consider it, as if I see for the first time.

Good merchant house, a large lounge filled with light: Gentle Wallpaper with shiny stars, bright openwork silk curtains in the goat, served green garlands, lacquered chairs - everything is beautiful. So why does this beauty seem ghostly? And because light only in this room, followed by a frightening darkness. The door to the dark corridor open open, from which the servants look at the young girl with fright and interest. They are trying to understand: who is she?

Elegantly, tastefully dressed, although its outfits are very modest: brown dress with a white collar and cuffs, a cappon and a blue ribbon - that's the whole of the whole. Thin and fragile, like a stalk, she appeared before a merchant family. A gentle face profile and thin hands are discharged by an artist with a special feeling.
The girl takes the documents from the handbag that gives it the right to become a teacher, if the host consent follows.

Now she's all, as if under the gun, several pairs of eyes are evaluated, her fate is solved ...
The owner of the house and the head of the family was in a hurry to meet with a young special, which allowed himself to go out in a velvet coat. And however, was it rushing? Or maybe, I did not consider it necessary to dress, as it should, say, is small person, it is not worth it to ...

Perhaps this version is more real, it is presented by the possession of the owner. He stands in front of a young girl, pulling his belly forward - his main dignity. Hand position: Left rests in the side, and the right holds the floor of the bathrobe - once again emphasizes his confidence, the owner is before us. It is from him that the outcome of this meeting depends. Feeling his excellence before a defenseless girl, he considers it an assessing look, as a product, as a thing that is going to buy.

I especially want to note, the vast work of the Great Master in search of this image, as he was not easy for him. Attending the fairs where the transactions were taken, in the kabackets and restaurants, where their outcome was noted, Vasily Perov studied poses, gestures, the views of merchants, leading trading, in a huge amount made sketches, before I found the only one, the most successful image that Posted in the picture.

However, let's return to the merchant house. Together with the owner of a young guest, other members of his family are watching with great interest. In all, it tries to imitate the father of the son, standing on his right hand from him, his look also estimating, but there is more cynicism and bullying, as in his posture too. It becomes clear that the position of the girl is governess, if she is accepted in this house, do not envy.

The hostess and her eldest daughter, which are behind the back of the main person in the house, look at the guest with a fear. For them, she is a phenomenon from another, unknown to the world. These women will never be able to understand it, she will remain someone else's forever, that's why their views are so frightened.

But there is to the governess and sincere interest of enthusiastic children's eyes of the younger merchant daughter. She already realized that this teacher is here in order to deal with her, her learning languages \u200b\u200band manners, so interest is huge. Children's curiosity is associated with a sense of joy that the girl cannot hide because of its age. She dreams to meet her as soon as possible, the governess has already liked his future pupil.

I want to hope that everything will be so. However, the feeling of anxiety is felt in everything: the luminous space of the hall is limited to two dark overwhelms. There is a struggle of light and darkness, the moral purity is opposed to the cynicism: who is who?

Still, the artist leaves hope for the best: the governess is not alone, as it seems to the viewer at the beginning, and therefore there is hope for a bright future. This is exactly the same moral takeoff, the next victory of the Great Wizard, which allowed to take this picture a special place in his work, become one of the most beloved for the audience.

January 2 (December 21 in the old style) turned 183 years old since the birth of an outstanding Russian painter Vasily Pereova.

His name is usually associated with famous paintings. "Prival Hunters" and "Troika"where other works are known, such as, for example, "The arrival of the goover in a merchant house".

In the details of this picture there are a lot of interesting facts.

I. Kramskaya. Portrait V. Pereova, 1881 |

Vasily Perov was often called the successor of the artist's affairs of Pavel Fedotov, with the paintings of which Perova relates the choice of witness, the critical direction of work, the special meaning of the details at first glance. In the 1860s Each new picture of Perov became a public phenomenon, his work, revealing socium ulcers, were consonant with the era of great reforms. The artist is one of the first to make attention to the permissions of ordinary people of his time.

V. Perov. Self-portrait, 1870 |

One of these works was the picture "Arrival of Governess in a merchant house" (1866). It is compositionally and stylistically, it is very close to the genre canvases of P. Fedotov, first of all, the roll call is noticeable with the "Major Watch". But the work of Perov is more tragic and hopeless. In 1865, in search of nature for a conceived work, the artist went to the Nizhny Novgorod Fair, where merchants came from all the cities of Russia and "spied" the desired types there.

V. Perov. Arrival of goover in a merchant house, 1866. Sketch |

They seemed to come from the pages of the works of A. Ostrovsky. These noticeable analogies sometimes led to the charges of Perov in secondaryness in relation to the artistic world of the writer. So, for example, I. Kramskaya wrote about this picture: "The governess itself is charming, there is some kind of confusion in it, there is some kind of hurry, which is immediately forcing the viewer to understand the person and even the moment, the owner is also thorough, although not new: The island is taken. Other faces are superfluous and just spoil. "
It is unlikely possible to fully agree with the opinion of Kramsky. The remaining characters were not "superfluous." Coloritis The figure of the young knot, the son of the owner, who stands next to his father and looks at the young lady without constraint. Commenting on this picture, Perov talked about "shameless curiosity" - this phrase characterizes the kidter as it is impossible.