Mark Chagall in the Tretyakov Gallery. In the Tretyakov Gallery there is a hall of theatrical panels Mark Stegal

Posta-Magazine gathered

the most interesting facts about the artist and about his work.

Over the past quarter of a century, Panels written for the Jewish theater, traveled the whole world, from the Pacific coast of the United States to Japan, visited 46 cities. But in Moscow, only twice were exhibited: they were shown after restoration in 1991 and on a retrospective exhibition Mark Chagal 2005. And so, for the first time in these years, the city has the opportunity to include them in the constant exposition of the Tretyakov Gallery.

Mark Chagall received an order for the design of the theater in 1920, after moving a hospital from Petrograd to Moscow. The chronicle states that the artist responded then to order with great enthusiasm. "This is the opportunity to turn the old Jewish theater with his psychological naturalism and fake beards. Finally, I can turn around, and here, on the walls, express what I consider it necessary for the revival of the National Theater, " - he said.

In just two months, the master was created 9 panels, of which they remained, however, only 7. After the closing of the theater in 1949, Panels were transferred to the Tretyakov Gallery and later renovated. Now the exposition occupies room number 9, and it will be admired by it until mid-December. After that, the work will go to Montreal, Mark Stegal, and then return home again.

While you think about whether it is worth looking at these works, Posta-Magazine gathered the most interesting facts about the artist.

The future famous avant-gardist artist was born in the small Belarusian city of Vitebsk - there is still a legend alive that one day a boy will be born in this place who will glorify the city. On the day, July 7, 1887, in Vitebsk there was a big and terrible fire, snapped Polgorod. The element did not touch only a few houses, including the one where Chagall was born. Later, the artist will tell that it was for this reason that he had a lot of life for changing places (a crib with a baby during a fire was constantly transferred from the corner to the corner) and so often in his paintings I portrayed the fire, sporming it. He drew the elegant in the form of a rooster with a fiery tree growing from the body. And the red color has since meant for the artist and life and death at the same time.

The legend states that Mark Chagall with Kazimir Malevich was hostile all his life. And what exactly the author of the Black Square expelled the "colleague" from his native Vitebsk, filming the entire city by futuristic posters and busts, which strongly insulted Shagal. "Gypsum busts that need to order sculptors-ability to sculptors from my school. I'm afraid of all for a long time blocked by Vitebsk rains. Poor my vitebsk! " He wrote in his book.

Most of the life Mark Chagall lived in France. But first went to Moscow, and for a somewhat more banal reason - he was forced to the Red Commissioners who captured the power. Then, in 1920, the artist, and ordered the Jewish chamber theater, who was led by Alexey Granovsky at the time. Forty days needed Shagalu to create a masterpiece, but the leadership of the theater remained displeased - he did not pay for work. Later, the Stanislavsky in Mkate was also enrolled with him.

The disappointed stepped shortly after these events left his homeland and went to France. But, as you know, "No Huda without good", with time, Shagal became the only artist in the world, whose stained-glass windows are decorated with a cult facilities at once several denominations: synagogues, Lutheran temples, Catholic churches - only 15 buildings in the United States, Europe and Israel.

Especially by order of the President of France Charles de Gaulle, Shagal was shackled formed the Grand Opera Plafon in Paris, and soon after that he wrote two panels of the New York Metropolitan Opera. In July 1973, a museum was opened in Nice, called the "Biblical Message", decorated with the works of the artist, who after a while was awarded the government of the national status.

By the way, the work of Mark Stegal, along with the Pablo Picasso and Juan Miro canvas, are considered to be the most popular among the kidnappers of paintings - to date, there are more semi-pile of his work. Is it not the main sign of the popularity of the author?

Loving Stegal is also called the instigator of the sexual revolution in painting - for love for the image of naked women. The first matchwriter was the name of the Brahman. She was a daughter of the famous Vitebsk doctor Wolf Brahman and the first love of Shagal. He had no money for simulators, so the lady posked the young talent for free.

By the way, it was the same who introduced the Marka Stegal with his future wife and love of the whole life of Bella Rosenfeld. Which also posed him at the beginning, then waited for returning from Paris, and then, as the artist himself joked, "everything ended with a wedding crown." They gave birth to daughter I am and lived in love and harmony 19 years old, while Bella died in America. Shagalov said and soon connected his life with the divorced wife of the Irish artist Virginia Haggard, with which the boy was born by David. But Virginia left her husband, falling in love with the photographer, and walked in a few years again married - on Valentina Brodskaya, the daughter of the manufacturer and a sugar producer. Like all the other his wives, she was from a rich family.

Another legend says that when Mark Chagall was without a mood, he loved to draw either biblical scenes with an indispensable crucifix, or wildflowers, among whom the thistle and cornflowers especially highlighted. Outows preferred to buy seconds than the artist's greatly frustrated.

Mark Stegal is often referred to as a violator of gravity. These flying images of lovers of people seem to leave no one indifferent. Another legend states that a certain gypsy at one time has risen the artist that he will live a long and rich life, will love extraordinary women and die in flight. And what do you think - the prediction came true: On March 28, 1985, a 98-year-old artist entered the elevator to climb the second floor of his French mansion, and during this short flight his heart stopped.

Exhibition of little-known graphic heritage Mark Stegal (1887-1985). At the exhibition "Mark Chagall. The origins of the creative language of the artist "Creativity of the artist is represented in the context of finding the origins of his art

Chagall belonged to the generation of artists who at the beginning of the twentieth century in an attempt to gain himself, its own figurative building and plastic language, referred to folk art. Chagall did not receive consistent professionally education, his first and chief teacher became the natural environment - Jewish, Russian, Belarusian, Lithuanian, French surroundings, "that live water", which "charged" and inspired the masters throughout his life.

Real and incredible events captured by the artist are firmly connected to the globe key to it for him, signs of places that have been characterized by Chagalovsky "passwords": from the naive sign of a hairdresser in Vitebsk or milkman in Paris to the Cross of the Orthodox Cathedral or Himer of Paris Nothre Dame, From a simple embroidery to the semots and Torah, from the smashing peasant huts to the Vilnius synagogue and the gate of the Jewish cemetery, from the rods and illustrations of folk editions, stray musicians to the banners of the revolution. The artist claimed: "It is not true that my art is fantastic! I am a realist, I love the earth!".

The basis of the exposition in the Tretyakov Gallery is made up of works from the collections of the artist's family: unique, never exposed in Russia, the works of the "Family Circle" - Self-portraits, portraits of mother, grandmother, cousins, sisters, belas and daughter's wife, performed at the end of the 1900s - 1910s. In these works, the viewer appears a peculiar autobiography of the artist, the chronicle of his family (by the window. Mother and daughter. 1908; ring. 1908-1909; model. Sister of the artist. 1910; Birth. 1911 and others). The engraved story of the life of Stegal is captured in the Sheets of the series "My Life" (1922). A peculiar leitmotif of the exhibition appears the image of his beloved city - Vitebsk, present in one form or another in all the pictures of the wizard.

A group of works of the 1960-1970s in a rare technique of collage (triumph of music was received from the French meeting. Sketch Panel for Metropolitan Opera, Lincoln Art Center. 1966, clown and its shadow (blue violinist). 1964. Lilny nude. 1967. Hymn Waterfront clock. 1968).

GMI them. A.S. Pushkin provided an exhibition created in Russia in 1910 "Landscape with Goat (Liozino)" (1910), "In the Hall of the Tei" (1910), "Room on the Gorokhova" (1910), donated to the museum. Works of the first Paris period, examples of interpretation by Chagall of modern French art, - "naked with flowers", "lying naked" (both - 1911) - provided by the Sepherot Foundation Foundation (Liechtenstein).

For the first time, the Moscow spectator will be shown recently acquired in France Youth Albums Chagal, originating from the Bleza Sandrara, writer and a poet, and a master of the master, who introduced a young artist in the circle of Parisian avant-gardeists (Collection T. and I. Manashierov, Moscow).

In addition to the original drawings, the exhibition includes and made on the initiative of the Paris gallery and publisher of the "Book of Artist" Ambruz Vollar Illustrations to the "Dead Souls" N.V. Gogol (1923-1925) from the Collection of the Tretyakov Gallery, obtained as a gift from the author in 1927 year.

The famous "wedding service" will become discoveries for the domestic public (1951-1952. Ceramics, white enamel, painting), created by Chagall in honor of the wedding of daughter Ida (Private collection, Paris) and two marble sculptures for fountain - "Fish" and "Bird "(1964. Collection of Foundation Pierre Jadeda, Martini, Switzerland). The objects of folk arts presented at the exhibition from the Russian Ethnographic Museum (St. Petersburg) and the Museum of History of Jews in Russia (Moscow) will complement the viewers of the viewers about the origins of the shagal system.

Panel Mark Stegal for the Jewish Theater Goset - completely excellent work. They are beautiful, spectacular, very decorative, lungs in perception and at the same time full of unagreeable mysteries. The broken half a century turned into museum stoves, in the 90s. Restored and after that came to exhibitions in 46 cities of the world, reproduced in numerous editions, thoroughly studied, they finally found peace in the halls of the constant exposition of the art of the XX century. Tretyakov Gallery. Where they, of course, the very place, as it is not only the wonderful works of art, but also a wonderful material for educational excursions about the relationship of folklore with avant-garde, purely national with universal, the possibilities of the artist indifferently understand deeply personal.

There will be change

Moving panels Stegal to a permanent exposition of the art of the XX century. The Tretyakov Gallery is one of the steps to change the halls on the Crimean shaft and attract the public there. The museum already has preparatory work on the fundamental update.

Panels for the State Jewish Theater were written by Chagalom in two months in 1920 - and these simple information help to understand both the meaning and plots and the fate of seven famous canvases. The time of writing determines the skill of the 35-year-old artist who has already had success and sophisticated in all the innovations of Russian and European art, including theatrical, as well as the freedom and audacity, with which he worked, the cult of an art experiment reigned in the country. And the fact that the panel was written quickly - all of them were nine, seven were preserved, "some adventurism can be explained, or their funny plots.

The fact that the work was created for the Jewish theater, identified their fate - in the Tretyakov Gallery Panno passed after the closure of the theater in 1949 in the period "Combating Cosmopolitanism", but they were removed from the hospital before, during the struggle against formalism in 1937 In Tretyakov, Panels were laying in stock purchases to the triumphant arrival in Moscow, Marka Stegal in 1973, seeing them, the artist was pretended and at the request of the Museum's employees signed.

Well, it is natural that in the work for the Jewish Museum stepped in full, used his favorite stories and heroes - everything related to his relatives of the world of provincial Jewish life. And also portrayed himself, his wife with his daughter and wrote on the names of his relatives in the most unexpected places of compositions on Eidis. Muses - and it is natural for the theater and it is necessary to depict MUZ - he has become the constant actors of Jewish weddings. Anointeen climmer (violinist who played at weddings) embodied music, Badhan (jester and wedding Tamada) - Theater, fatty Swaha - dance, and the director of the Torah - literature. In the panel "Love on the stage" guessed and the groom with the bride. And in a long panel frieze is depicted desk tables made by festive dishes. The Jewish wedding becomes the main metaphor of the theater, and the panels themselves - theatrical plots with the main and secondary heroes, with a lot of Misaneszen.

The largest panel, "Introduction to the Jewish Museum", you can consider and solve for hours, so many images of real people of the theater, as well as roosters, goats, flying cows, hints and metaphors. Not all of them were understandable even to contemporaries and fellow tribesmen. According to Alexander Shatski art historian, the director of the theater, European Alexey Granovsky did not understand why it is depicted with the legs depicted in the pelvis. It turns out true Jews immersed the feet in cold water so as not to fall asleep while reading the sacred books. Some confusion introduces numerous interpretors and written in the corner of a man in the Kartuze, writing on a pig. Especially this can explain the translation of one of the inscriptions: "I'm Palazy".

Magazine number:

Special issue. Mark Chagal "Hello, Motherland!"

"Hello, Motherland!" - The most complete exhibition of picturesque works Mark Shagal (1887-1985) in Russia. The name was given by one of the works of the artist. It is not only about the next long-awaited meeting of the works of the famous master with the Russian spectator (the last major exhibition of Shagal took place in GTG in 1992). Motherland is a big and small, lost and acquired again - constantly attended in the art of Stegal, which attached a unique peculiarity of his work.

Over the years, Mark Chagall remains one of the most sought-after artists in the west of Russian origin. His personnel exhibitions are regularly held in prestigious museums and galleries of Europe, America, Asia. The Tretyakov Gallery has repeatedly provided the work of Stegal from its meeting for international projects. But in our country a significant part of works from foreign collections has never been exhibited. For the first time, the Moscow public received a unique opportunity to see the works collected together by the artist created in different years - from early Vitebsk works to well-known masterpieces of the French period.

The peculiarity of the exhibition is that it includes a significant number of first-class works of Stegal from foreign collections. The Moscow Public will see 27 of the most important to understand artist's artist's creativity from the Paris Museum of Contemporary Art (Center of George Pompidou). Among them are iconic work: "Wedding" (1910), "Russia, Oslas and others" (1911), "Angel with Palitroy" (1927-1936). As "the historical picture of this scale, which in the art of the twentieth century is not often found," characterized by Triptych "Resistance. Revival. Liberation "(1937-1952) Jean-Michel Forest, Director of the Biblical Message of Mark Shagal Museum in Nice. From this meeting came to the exhibition, in addition to 8 first-class guisas, a unique three-meter canvas "Abraham and three angels", before I have never left the walls. Another famous, but unknown to the Russian public, the "yellow room" from the Bayeler Foundation in Switzerland.

At the exhibition in the Tretyakov Gallery there are more than 180 exhibits. The exhibition also includes work from the State Tretyakov Gallery, the State Russian Museum, the State Museum of Fine Arts. A.S. Pushkin and other Russian and foreign museums and private collections.

The exposition makes it possible to trace the changes in the artistic language of Shagal, but most importantly, to see the "constants" of his unique art, where fantasy and reality, dream and grotesque, visionary ideas, their own and popular memory, national and ritual thinking, elements of folklore and incredible , marginal sincerity step. It is accepted by the "artist-poet", and his art, after Apolliner, is "supercrow". In the Shagalov world folklore characters, strange cows, donkeys, musicians, merchants and soaring lovers over the city are getting along. The city over which they take off - Vitebsk. According to Stegal, Paris became "second Vitebsk" for him. In the last twenty years of life, the master has gained his third house in the Cote d'Azur in the town of Saint-Paul-de-Vans.

For Chagal, there was always a connection with Russia, which remained for the artist an inexhaustible source of those, plots and images. On the first sheet of the etchings - illustrations to the "dead souls" - in 1927 the author inscribed: "I give the Tretyakov Gallery with my whole love of the Russian artist to my homeland, this series of 96 engravings ..." 1. One of the last letters he graduated from the words: "I wish you, all my homeland of happiness ..."

Specially for the exhibition prepared a catalog in Russian and English. It contains articles of domestic and foreign specialists about the work of the artist, over 600 illustrations, as well as a chronograph, which includes more than 100 photos from the archives of the heirs of the painter. The catalog significantly expands the exposure framework and is the most complete edition of Marche Chagale, which came out in Russia.

Ladies and Gentlemen!

You invited us so that today together with you to open the largest exhibitions ever held in Russia dedicated to Marc Chagalu. For me, this is a great honor and huge joy.

We today pay tribute to the most bright artist of the 20th century, born in Russia, the great master, who was also very attached to France. I am pleased to welcome a representative delegation who came across this special occasion, which assisted in the provision of exhibits. It includes family members Mark Shagal - Mrs. Bella Meyer and Mrs. Meret Meyer.

I would like to mention the contribution of the State Tretyakov Gallery to this extraordinary project. It was also attended by the two largest French museum-National Museum of Contemporary Art Center of George Pompidou and the National Museum "Biblical Message Mark Shagal" in Nice, the director of which they had the honor of their presence today. So, let me express the words of my deep gratitude to you, Mr. Valentin Rodionov and Mrs. Ekaterina Selezneva, for this a great event.

In fact, the Tretyakov Gallery for several years now stands in the forefront of our cultural cooperation. Thanks to her it becomes possible to see here the works brought from France. At the same time, the gallery staff simultaneously hold several large-scale events with different famous museums of our country. Paris will soon be able to answer it an unprecedented event: the first large retrospective of the works of Russian art of the second half of the XIX - the beginning of the 20th century will open at the Orsay Museum on September 20 of this year. It will consist of works, most of which have never been exhibited outside of Russia. Following this event, in the fall of 2006, it is planned to implement a project that we are very expensive - Moscow and St. Petersburg will simultaneously take collections, including the most characteristic works of French art period of 1860-1910. We hope that he will be provided with financial support from French and Russian private foundations. As you yourself see, France is trying to strengthen the privileged attitudes in the field of art, which connect it with Russia, to make it so that every year is the year of Russia in France and the year of France in Russia and that in the largest museums replaced each other as It was in recent months in Moscow, the works of Matisse and Picasso (in the museum of the arts. A.S. Pushkin), Boltansky (in the Museum of Architecture. A.V. Shahuseva) And today - Mark Stegal in the Tretyakov Gallery.

The next meeting in France will pass in less than three weeks within the bookstation in Paris and will be devoted to literature. Russia is invited as an honorary guest. And we also know that the Museum of the Museum is preparing a big project by 2008

The Embassy of France always seeks to take part in the implementation of these projects. From his behalf, I am pleased to thank all those who, like you today, continues to contribute to the development of close creative, human and intellectual ties between our two countries.

Ambassador France
In Russian federation

When the idea of \u200b\u200ba big exhibition was made by Mark Stegal, she looked first with absolute utopia. First, it seemed impossible to collect so much masterpieces: the owners usually reluctantly give the best works that constitute the pride of their collections, at exhibitions in other cities and countries. Secondly, it is an extremely expensive project. Finally, the organization of large exhibitions with foreign participants is very complex. However, the desire to implement the project was stronger than our fears. When we started to be implemented, I would gladly discovered the willingness of many partners - foreign and domestic - go to meet us. And today I want to thank those whose enthusiasm and goodwill helped solve all the problems by making a long-awaited meeting of the artist with Russia.

Our main ally was the Federal Agency for Culture and Cinematography of the Ministry of Culture of the Russian Federation, without whose organizational and financial support, the project would hardly be embodied. These efforts were supported by a significant financial assistance provided by Vneshtorgbank.

Among the Museum's regular partners and friends, Leonard Jadeda responded. In 1990, it was the Jade Foundation that helped the Tretyakov Gallery in the restoration of invaluable panels Shagal for the Jewish Theater; In the Jadda Foundation in Martini, they were first exhibited. This exhibition served as the beginning of their triumphant tour worldwide.

In recent years, no major project of the gallery is without the support of the company British American Tobakko Russia, and this time provided assistance in financing our exhibition.

From almost two hundred work, Chagal, exposed at the exhibition, 27 works provided the National Museum of Contemporary Art Center of George Pompidou; The legendary canvas "Abraham and the Three Angels" and Guasi "Biblical Cycle" brought the National Museum "Biblical Message Mark Shagal" in Nice; About four dozen wonderful works came from family assembly. Finally, at the last moment I decided to arrive at the exhibition of the famous "yellow room" from the Beieler Foundation in Switzerland - thanks to the assistance of the owners and assistance to the Paris Gallery Bulacia.

The exhibition would not be so large-scale without the most important works that provided us with the State Russian Museum in St. Petersburg, the State Museum of Fine Arts named after A.S. Pushkin in Moscow and a number of Russian museums and private collections.

I want to thank all the employees of the Tretyakov Gallery for high professionalism and enthusiasm with whom they worked on the implementation of this Multidroprian Project.

With an excitement we present you the result of the joint efforts of many participants - the exhibition Mark Shagal "Hello, Motherland!". The Russian audience will be able to see and appreciate the meeting of the works of the recognized classics of Khwvek - from early Vitebsk work to the masterpieces of the French period, many of which are exhibited in Russia for the first time.

A catalog was prepared for the exhibition. It published articles of Russian, French, American art historians who submit a serious result of modern studies of Chagal's creativity. We believe that this book will become a fundamental scientific and reference publication for many specialists and connoisseurs of the art of Shagal. It is nice to report that the publication of the English version of the catalog has become possible only thanks to the financial assistance of the International Foundation, Mark Stegal, which turned to the support of the draft granddaughter Stegal Meyer. This amazing woman for three years selflessly helped the Tretyakov Gallery in the preparation of the exhibition. We express our sincere appreciation and Jean-Louis Prata, the President of the Committee, Marc Chagal, for invaluable consultations.

General Director of the State Tretyakov Gallery

Dear friends!
I am very glad that the exhibition of works by Mark Stegal opens a new, eighth year of cooperation between British American Tobacco Russia and the State Tretyakov Gallery. We are proud that we continue to contribute to the implementation of large-scale exhibition projects, in replenishing the collection of the museum with new works of art and in the technical re-equipment of the gallery.

Having live most of your life abroad, Mark Chagall considered himself a Russian artist. Today, with the support of Russian patrons, and including BAT Russia, Chagall returned to his homeland. The hometown of Shagala, Vitebsk, I myself consider it very close to me by the city - after all, in the house, located on the same street, where my father lived, my father was born. Dad remembered well and told me a lot about the time when Mark Zakharovich, returning after the revolution in Vitebsk, headed the commissariat for culture.

It is nice to realize that now the Russian audience will be able to enjoy the full library of the work of this outstanding artist, who, according to Mayakovsky, "wrote the poems and poems with the paints."

I thank all the employees of the Tretyakov Gallery, and especially Ekaterina Leonidovna Seleznev, the curator of the exhibition Mark Shagal "Hello, Motherland!", For this wonderful holiday. I am confident that such a grand exhibition will become a bright event in the cultural life of the Russian capital in 2005.

Chairman of the Board of Directors of Bat-Java OJSC, member of the Board of Trustees of the State Tretyakov Gallery

It may seem amazing and even incredible, but a huge part of the works of Mark Shagala in his homeland, in Russia, was never presented. And this is despite the fact that the work of the Great Artist has long been recognized worldwide, including at home, and the time to fill this gap, we, of his compatriots, was more than enough.

I can recall that Mark Chagall was born and began to create in Vitebsk, that is, in Belarus, - but there is no contradiction in the said. The artist himself considered his homeland Russia and suffered from the fact that she defentively dispersed from him. What sad poetry sounds a letter to Russia, written in 1927 to one of the addresses of Shagal: "... I almost cut off from Russia. No one writes me, and I have no one to write. As if not in Russia was born ... and it seems: nothing I have there. And I repent I remember my Vitebsk, my own fields ... and especially the sky. "

Today, justice is restored, and in the domestic culture Mark Chagall occupies a place that is rightfully worthy. Another step on this path will be the exhibition "Hello, Motherland!", Entitled so on the name of one of Chagalov. Thanks to the Tretyakov Gallery, which showed the work of Shagal with such an impressive completeness, Russian viewers will be able to expand their idea of \u200b\u200bone of the most prominent masters of the twentieth century.

President-chairman
Board
OJSC "Vneshtorgbank"

It is impossible to describe the words that we feel today, attending the opening of the exhibition "Hello, Motherland!", Those emotions that we are overlooked when we feel this tense look at the works of Mark Stegal, we see the attentive eyes of the Russian public, immersing this special atmosphere , saturated moments of many magical discoveries.

But we cannot even imagine that the excitement that our grandfather would have experienced if he had a chance to survive with us these moments of happiness. If our eyes managed to raise over these roofs and rushing up, it would bring us closer to the feelings of Stegal, today, without a doubt, painted alive, bright, poetic colors. Moreover, he forever retained strong impressions of how thoughtfully and in-depth Russian audience considers works of art, trying to enter the essence of the artist's plan.

When, in 1973, our grandfather returned from a trip to Russia, who became the first and last date since its final departure, I remember he remembered this Russian look - he did not speak much, he just shouted for a long time, and after a while, Pronounced: "Oh, that's what kind of thing!"

Today and we had the honor of a lot to understand about this "look." It is similar to that genuine magic, which in silence comes from the masters collected here together.

Meril Meyer ,
Granddaughter artist

It is quite difficult for me to perform after my sister, who managed to find faithful words to express those feelings that we experience while in Moscow. Today we really feel great gratitude, it is a great honor for us to open this wonderful exhibition Shagal.

I do not know if I could thank you for what you came - after so many years of patient waiting for this day, - in order to see again, and for some, it is possible, and in the first to discover painting Chagal.

He always worked a lot. It was the most important day. As he said, you will not have anything without difficulty. It was his way to fight for their ideals. He often asked us, his grandchildren, did we find love, do we have ideals? When you are a little years old, it is quite difficult to understand the essence of this issue. And only when I grew up, I understood and heard that the message he wanted to convey to us. Writing paintings was for him a kind of prayer, awareness of his own "I", the struggle for artistic freedom.

Thank you for the fact that you came to take part in the opening of this wonderful, filled with the love of the exhibition glorifying Shagal.

Bella Meyer ,
Granddaughter artist

1. Quote is given in the author's spelling