Basic information from Ostrovsky's biography. Ostrovsky biography Interesting information briefly

Alexander Nikolaevich Ostrovsky - writer, playwright and man whose creativity has become the most important stage in the development of Russian national Theater. Alexander Nikolaevich was born on March 31, 1823, his father was a lawyer, and his mother from the lowest clergy. He was born and grew up in Moscow, he lived in Zamoskvorechye as a child, and he studied five years in the first Moscow gymnasium, later three years at Moscow University at the Law Faculty, and in 1843 he threw the university. From this year and 1851, he serves in Moscow courts, the first work was written directly under the influence of this work, this work was the "Note of the Zamoskvoretsky resident", written in 1847. The same year was the start and his dramatic direction, it was written the first work "Family Picture", which was originally called the "picture of family happiness". A little later, after three years, they were published a comedy "bankrupt", later she called "their people - to tear it!", It is this product that opened Ostrovsky as a writer for such famous personalitiesHow Nikolai Vasilyevich Gogol, Ivan Alexandrovich Goncharov, Timofey Nikolaevich Granovsky and others. But this comedy also made a lot of noise, as a result of which Ostrovsky was given under the supervision of the police.

Ostrovsky ridicule in his works merchants, their life, behavior. In 1851, it was written by the work of the "poor bride", in which he described the official bodily official. At this time, it actively works and as a writer and as an editor in the magazine "Moskvatikan". There was a kind of "young edition", which was also created by Alexander Nikolaevich, this community was well friends and out of work. In 1852, the Ostrovsky writes the play "Do not sit down in my sleeves", in 1853 "Poverty is not a vice", and in 1854 "Do not live like that, as you want." In the works of Ostrovsky, the change of his relationship to merchandise is traced.
Starting with the latest written island works, his dramaturgical abilities grow, and within the next three decades in the Moscow Maloma and St. Petersburg Alexandrinsky Theater Every season put a new play.

In the magazine "Contemporary" Ostrovsky has been working since 1856. Since 1851, his attitude towards merchants, his style of criticism in the works becomes the same. In 1855 it was written a work "In someone else's hangover". It was in this comedy for the first time the Ostrovsky used the word "Samodor", which he was consolidated in the work of Alexander Nikolaevich for a long time.

In 1856, a comedy "Profitable place" was written, which demonstrated the taking of officials, two years later was written by a play "Pupil". And the next year the drama "thunderstorm" was written. This work has become a cult. It describes aspects of rudeness, hypocris, the authorities of the rich and "senior" in provincial town. In 60 years, he writes every year on one household comedy or drama. 1863 - "Heavy Days", 1864 - "Joker", 1865 - "Pacific". In parallel, I. historical plays: 1861) - "Kozma Zahorić Minin-Suchuk", 1864 - "Voevoda", 1866 - "Dmitry Immozan and Vasily Shuisky", as well as the work of "Tushino".

New breathing concerning satirome comedians It was marked by the exit in 1868 the works "on every sage is pretty simplicity", "hot heart", in 1869 the works of "Frenzy money", in 1870 - "Forest", and in 1875 "Wolves and Sheep". In early 1870, the play "Labor Bread" and the Fairy Tale "Snow Maiden" were written.

The last years of creativity became significant for his biography, as he wrote a lot of works famous for today. "Didnote" 1878, " Last victim"Then," Talents and Fans "1882. Ostrovsky's plays made a huge contribution to the development of the Russian scene. His dramaturgy gave many people an understanding of man. Alexander Nikolaevich lived interesting lifewhich has benefited many. The playwright died in 1886 on June 2.

Alexander Nikolaev Ostrovsky. March 31 (April 12) was born in 1823 - died 2 (14) June 1886. Russian playwright, whose work has become the most important stage in the development of the Russian National Theater. Corresponding Member of the St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences.

Alexander Nikolaevich Ostrovsky was born on March 31 (April 12) of 1823 in Moscow at the Small Ordinke.

His father, Nikolai Fedorovich, was the son of the priest, he graduated from the Kostroma seminary himself, then the Moscow Spiritual Academy, but began to practice as a judicial striving, engaged in property and commercial affairs. Related to the rank of college assessor, and in 1839 he received a nobility.

Mother, Love Ivanovna Savvina, Daughter of Lonarar and Clear, died when Alexander did not fulfill nine years old. The family had four children (four even four in infancy).

Thanks to the position of Nikolai Fedorovich, the family lived in prosperity, was given much attention Study of children who received home education. Five years after the death of Mother, the father married the Baroness Emily Andreevna von Tessen, the daughter of the Swedish nobleman. With a stepmother, children were lucky: she surrounded their care and continued to engage in their training.

Childhood and part of youth of Ostrovsky passed in the center of Zamoskvorechye. Thanks to the Large Library of the Father, he early met Russian literature and felt an inclination to the writer, but the father wanted to make a lawyer from him.

In 1835, the Ostrovsky entered the third class of the 1st Moscow provincial gymnasium, after which he became a student of the law faculty of Moscow University in 1840. He failed to finish the university course: without passing the exam in the Roman law, Ostrovsky wrote a statement about the care (studied until 1843). At the request of the Father Ostrovsky entered the service stationery to the conscientious court and served in Moscow courts until 1850; Its first sorry was 4 rubles a month, after a while it increased to 16 rubles (translation into a commercial court in 1845).

By 1846, the Ostrovsky has already been written a lot of scenes from the merchant life and the comedy "Insolvent Debtor" is conceived (afterwards - "His people will find!"). The first publication was a small play "Picture family life"And the essay" Notes of the Zamoskvoretsky resident "- they were printed in one of the rooms of the Moscow City List in 1847. Professor Moscow University S. P. Shevyrev after reading the Ostrovsky Plays at home on February 14, 1847, solemnly congratulated those who gathered with the "appearance of a new dramatic shone in Russian literature."

Ostrovsky's literary fame brought a comedy "His people will consider!" (The initial name is "Insolvent Debtor"), published in 1850 in the journal of the University Professor M. P. Pogodin "Moskvatik". Under the text was: "A. ABOUT." and "D. G. ", That is, Dmitry Gorez-Tarasenkov, a provincial actor, who proposed the island cooperation. This cooperation did not go beyond one scene, and later served as a source of great trouble for the Ostrovsky source, because he gave it to unfriendly reasons to accuse him of plagiarism (1856). However, the play caused approving responses H. V. Gogol, I. A. Goncharov.

The influential Moscow merchants, offended for his estate, complained to the "bosses"; As a result, the comedy was banned for the production, and the author was fired from the service and was given under the supervision of the police at the personal order of Nikolai I. Supervision was removed after the top of Alexander II, and the play was admitted to the production only in 1861.

The first play of Ostrovsky, who was able to get on theatrical layout, was "not sitting in their sleeves" (written in 1852 and put for the first time in Moscow on stage Big Theater. January 14, 1853).

Since 1853, over 30 years, the new plays of Ostrovsky almost every season appeared in the Moscow Mall and St. Petersburg Aleksandrinsky theaters. Since 1856, Ostrovsky becomes a permanent employee of the contemporary magazine. In the same year, in accordance with the wish of the Grand Duke Konstantin Nikolaevich, a campaign of outstanding writers was held to study and describe the various settlements of Russia in industrial and domestic relations. Ostrovsky took over the study of the Volga from the upwards to Nizhny Novgorod..

In 1859, with the assistance of the Count G. A. Kosheleva-Bezborodko, the first collection of Ostrovsky works in two volumes was printed. Thanks to this edition, Ostrovsky was awarded a brilliant assessment of N. A. Dobrolyubov, who consolidated the glory of the pictorial " dark kingdom" In 1860, "Thunderstorm", which was dedicated to the article "Light of Light in the Dark Kingdom".

From the second half of the 1860s, Ostrovsky took up the history of troubled time and entered into correspondence with Kostomarov. The fruit of the work was five "historical chronicles in verses": "Kuzma Zahariech Minin-Suchuk", "Vasilisa Melentieva", "Dmitry-Samovvan and Vasily Shuisky" and others.

In 1863, Ostrovsky was awarded the Uvarov Prize (for the play "Thunderstorm") and elected a corresponding member of the St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences. In 1866 (according to other information - in 1865), the Ostrovsky founded the artistic circle, who subsequently governed by the Moscow scene of many talented figures.

In the house of Ostrovsky, I. A. Goncharov, D. V. Grigorovich, I. S. Turgenev, A. F. Pisemsky, F. M. Dostoevsky, I. E. Turchaninov, P. M. Sadovsky, L. P. Kositskaya-Nikulina, M. E. Saltykov-Shchedrin, L. N. Tolstoy, P. I. Tchaikovsky, M. N. Yermolov, G. N. Fedotova.

In 1874, the Society of Russian Dramatic Writers was formed and opera composers, whose permanent chairman remained until death. Working in the Commission "To revise the legal entities in all parts theatrical Department", Established in 1881 at the Directorate Imperial theatersHe achieved many transformations that significantly improved the position of the artists.

In 1885, Ostrovsky was appointed head of the repertoire of Moscow theaters and the head of the theater school.

Despite the fact that his plays did good fees and that in 1883 Emperor Alexander III complained to him an annual pension of 3 thousand rubles, no money problems left the Ostrovsky to last days His life. Health has not answered the plans as he put in front of him. Strengthened work exhausted organism.

2 (14) June 1886, in the spirits of the day, the Ostrovsky died in his Kostroma estate. His last work was the translation of "Anthony and Cleopatra" W. Shakespeare - Alexander Nikolayevich's beloved playwright. Buried the writer next to the father at the church cemetery at the temple in the name of St. Nicholas the Wonderworker in the village of Nikolo-Berezki Kostroma province. On the burial, Alexander III heard from the amount of Cabinet 3000 rubles; Widow, inseparably with 2 children, a pension was appointed 3000 rubles, and on education three sons And daughters - 2400 rubles per year. Subsequently, the family of Necropolis was the widow of the writer M. V. Ostrovskaya, the actress of the Small Theater, and the daughter of M. A. Shatelin.

After the death of the playwright, the Moscow Duma arranged in Moscow reading the name of A. N. Ostrovsky.

Alexander Ostrovsky family and personal life:

Younger brother - statesman M. N. Ostrovsky.

Alexandra Nikolayevich had a deep passion for actress L. Kositsky, but both of them had a family.

However, becoming a widow in 1862, Kositskaya continued to reject the feelings of Ostrovsky, and soon her close relationship with the son of a rich merchant began, who eventually wondered all its condition. Ostrovsky she wrote: "I don't want to take away your love with anyone."

The playwright lived in his cohabitation with Prosh-Agafie Ivanovna, but all their children died at an early age. Not had the formation, but the woman is smart, with a thin, easily vulnerable soul, she understood the playwright and was the most first reader and criticism of his works. With Agafei Ivanovna Ostrovsky lived for about twenty years, and two years after her death, in 1869, married to the actress Maria Vasilyevna Bakhmetyeva, who gave him four sons and two daughters.

Pieces of Alexander Ostrovsky:

"Family Painting" (1847)
"His people will consider" (1849)
"Unexpected case" (1850)
"Morning young man"(1850)
"Poor Bride" (1851)
"Do not go to your sleeves" (1852)
"Poverty is not a vice" (1853)
"Do not live like that, as you want" (1854)
"In someone else's piriness" (1856)
"Profitable place" (1856)
"Festive sleep to lunch" (1857)
"Not agreed by characters" (1858)
"Pupil" (1859)
"Thunderstorm" (1859)
"Old friend is better than new two" (1860)
"They gnaw their dogs, someone else's not stick" (1861)
"Marriage Balzaminova" (1861)
"Kozma Zahorić Minin-Sukhuk" (1861, 2nd edition 1866)
"Hard days" (1863)
"Sin yes, someone does not live for anyone" (1863)
"Voivode" (1864; 2nd edition 1885)
"Joker" (1864)
"On the Boychik Place" (1865)
"Pacific" (1866)
"Dmitry Immozan and Vasily Shuisky" (1866)
"Tushino" (1866)
Vasilis Melentieva (in collaboration with S. A. Gideonov) (1867)
"On all sages of pretty simplicity" (1868)
"Hot Heart" (1869)
"Mad money" (1870)
"Forest" (1870)
"Not all Cottage Maslenitsa" (1871)
"There was no penny, yes suddenly Altyn" (1872)
"Comedian XVII century"(1873)
"Snow Maiden" (1873)
"Late love" (1874)
"Labor bread" (1874)
"Wolves and Sheep" (1875)
"Rich Bride" (1876)
"True good, and happiness is better" (1877)
"Marriage Belugina" (1877)
"Last victim" (1878)
"Didnote" (1878)
"Good Barin" (1879)
"Discark" (1879), together with Nikolai Solovyov
"Heart is not a stone" (1880)
"Slennitsy" (1881)
"Shines, but not heats" (1881), together with Nikolai Solovyuv
"No guilt guilt" (1881-1883)
"Talents and fans" (1882)
"Handsome man" (1883)
"Not from this world" (1885)

The greatest Russian playwright Alexander Nikolaevich Ostrovsky was born on March 31 (April 12) of 1823 in Moscow at the Small Ordinke.

The beginning of the way

Alexander Nikolayevich's father graduated at first the Kostroma spiritual seminary, then the Moscow spiritual academy, but in the end began working, speaking modern tongue, lawyer. In 1839 he received noble rank.

The mother of the future playwright was the daughter of the younger church employees, died when Alexander was not eight years old.

The family was secured and enlightened. Much time and money was spent on teaching children. From childhood, Alexander knew several languages \u200b\u200band read a lot. FROM early age He felt the desire to write, but his father saw him in the future only a lawyer.

In 1835, Ostrovsky enters the 1st Moscow Gymnasium. After 5 years, it becomes a student of the Law Faculty at Moscow University. Future profession he does not attract and maybe, so the conflict with one of the teachers becomes a reason for leaving educational institution In 1843.

At the insistence of the Ostrian, the Ostrovsky served first the scribe in the Moscow conscientious court, then in commercial (until 1851).

Observation of the customers of the Father, then for the stories that dealt in court gave the Ostrovsky richest material for future creativity.

In 1846, the Ostrovsky for the first time thinks about writing a comedy.

Creative success

The literary views of him are still in student years Under the influence of Belinsky and Gogol - Ostrovsky immediately and irrevocably decides that it will write only in a realistic manner.

In 1847, in co-authorship with the actor Dmitry Gorez, the Ostrovsky writes the first play "Notes of the Zamoskvoretsky Resident". Next year, his relatives move to live in the generic dressing of the Schelike in the Kostroma province. Alexander Nikolaevich also visits these places and remains under an indelible impression of nature and the Volga expanses for life.

In 1850, Ostrovsky publishes its first big comedy "His people will consider!" In the magazine "Moskvatikan". Piece has big success And enthusiastic reviews of writers, but prohibited to a re-edition and formulation on the complaint of merchants sent directly to the emperor. The author was fired from the service and gave under the supervision of the police, which was removed only after the eight of the throne of Alexander II. In the first play of Ostrovsky, the main features of his dramaturgical worksThat were characteristic of all creativity in the future: the ability to show the most complex community problems through the personal and family and consumer conflict, to create memorable characters of all characters and "voice" their lively speaking speech.

The situation of "unrealized" worsened by the already difficult business of Ostrovsky. Since 1849, he has been without a blessing of his father and, not wary in the church, he began to live with a simple biming of Agafei Ivanovna. Father completely deprived of the son of material support, and financial position The young family was heavy.

Ostrovsky begins constant cooperation with the magazine "Moskvatikan". In 1851 publishes a "poor bride."

Under the influence of the main ideologist of A.Grigoryev's magazine in the plays of the Ostrovsky of this period, it is not so much the motives of the chitting of the classmate, how much idealization vintage customs and Russian patriarchalness ("Do not sit down in our sleeves", "poverty is not a vice" and others). Such moods reduce the criticalness of the works of Ostrovsky.

Nevertheless, Ostrovsky's drama becomes the beginning of the "New World" in everything theatrical art. The scene comes out a simple everyday life with "alive" characters and spoken language. Most actors take new Ostrovsky plays with delight, they feel their novelty and vitality. Since 1853, almost every season in the Moscow Male Theater and St. Petersburg Aleksandrinsky have appeared new plays of Ostrovsky for 30 years.

In 1855-1860, the playwright comes closer with revolutionary democrats. He goes into the magazine "Contemporary". The main "event" of the Ostrovsky of this period becomes drama simple manopposing strong Mira of this. At this time, he writes: "In someone else's a hangover," profitable place "," Thunderstorm "(1860).

In 1856, at the direction of the Grand Duke Konstantin Nikolayevich the best russian writers We send on a business trip to the country with the task to describe the industrial production and life of various regions of Russia. Ostrovsky is traveling on a steamer from the Vigraev Volga to Nizhny Novgorod and makes many records. They become real encyclopedic notes on culture and the economy of the edge. At the same time, the Ostrovsky remains an artist's words - many descriptions of nature and life are transferred to them in their works.

In 1859, the first collection of Ostrovsky works in 2 volumes was published.

Appeal to history

House Museum: A.N. Ostrovsky.

In the 60s, Alexander Nikolayevich draws special interest in the direction of history and tie acquainted with famous historian Kostomarov. At this time, he writes the psychological drama "Vasilis Melentyev", the historical chronicles of "Tushino", "Dmitry Samorovan and Vasily Shuisky" and others.

Does not stop the creation household comedians and the dram ("charming days" -1863, "bai" -1865, etc.), as well as the plays of satirical focus on the life of the nobility ("On all sages of pretty simplicity" -1868, "Mad money" -1869, "Wolves and Sheep" " and etc.).

In 1863, Ostrovsky awarded the Uvarov Prize awarded for historical writings, and elect the corresponding member of the St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences.

The next year pleases him by the birth of the first son - Alexander. Total island will become the father of six children.

From 1865-1866 ( exact date Not determined) Alexander Nikolaevich created in Moscow the artistic circle, from which many talented theater talents will later come out. In 1870 (according to other data - in 1874), a society of Russian dramatic writers and opera composers organized in Russia, whose head of the playwright will remain until the end of life. During this period in the house of the island, the whole color of Russian cultural society. I.S.Turgenov, F.M.Dostoevsky, P.M. Sadovsky, M.N. Ermolova, L.N. Tolstoy and many others prominent figures Modernity will become his sincere friends and buddies.

In 1873, Alexander Nikolaevich Ostrovsky and the young composer Peter Ilyich Tchaikovsky will write amazing syllable and sound by the Snow Maiden, created on the basis of folk fairy tales and customs. With its creation and playwright and composer will be proud of all life.

With the theater - to the end

IN last years Ostrovsky's life often refers to women's Fate In their works. He writes comedies, but more - deep socio-psychological dramas about the fate of spiritually gifted women in the world of practicality and spiers. Light "Nonperdinnica", "Last Sacrificment", "Talents and Fans" and Dr. Piessy.

In 1881, at the Directorate of Imperial Theaters, the Special Commission is organized to create new legislative acts on the work throughout the country. Ostrovsky takes the most active participation in the work of the Commission: writes many "notes", "considerations" and "projects" on the subject of organizing work in theaters. Thanks to him, many changes are accepted that significantly improve the payment of acts.

From 1883, Ostrovsky receives from Emperor Alexander III the right to annual pension provision in the amount of three thousand rubles. In the same year, the last literary masterpiece Alexandra Nikolayevich - the play "Without guilt's guilt" is a classic melodrama, striking the characteristics of his heroes and an impressive plot. It was a new surge of the great dramatic talent under the influence of a memorable trip to the Caucasus.

After 2 years, Ostrovsky is prescribed by the head of the repertoire of Moscow theaters and the head of the theater school. The playwright is trying to form in the country new school Realistic game, putting forward the most talented actors to the fore.

Ostrovsky works S. theatrical figures, in his head he has many ideas and plans, he is engaged in translations of foreign (inclusive) dramatic literature. But his health fails more and more. The body is depleted.

2 (14) June 1886 in the estate of Schelikovo Alexander Nikolaevich Island dies from angina.

He was buried at the church cemetery at the temple in the name of St. Nicholas the Wonderworker in the village of Nikolo Berezki Kostroma province.

The funeral was carried out at the funds provided by Alexander III. Widow with children was appointed pension.

Interesting Facts About Ostrovsky:

Since childhood, playwright knew Greek, French and german languages. Later learned English, Italian and Spanish.

The Piez "Thunderstorm" censored missed immediately. But she liked the Empress, and the censor went to the author for concessions.

It is the name of A. N. Ostrovsky that stands at the origins of the development of Russian dramatic Theater.. His drama is still very popular thanks to the extraordinary color of his talent as a writer and playwright, who always felt that the secular public is waiting for him. Therefore, it is interesting to know what a man Alexander Ostrovsky was. Books have accommodated a huge creative heritage. Among his most famous works: "Wine to blame", "Didnigin", "Thunderstorm", "Wolves and Sheep", "Snow Maiden", "On someone else a hangover", "what you will come, then you will find", "Your people - Three "," mad money ", etc.

Alexander Nikolaev Ostrovsky. short biography

Alexander Nikolaevich was born in the spring of March 31 (April 12) of 1823. He grew up on a small Ordinke in Moscow. His father was the son of a priest, and his name was Nikolai Fedorovich. Having received seminarial education in Kostroma, he went to study at the Moscow Theological Academy. But the priest never became a priest, but began to practice the threshold in judicial institutions. Over time, he served before the titular adviser and received the noble title.

The Biography of Ostrovsky (Brief) says that Mother Ostrovsky - Love Ivanovna - died when he was 7 years old. Six children left in the family. In the future, the care of the family took on their stepmother - Emilia Andreevna von Tesin, who was the daughter of the Swedish nobleman. The Ostrovsky family did not need anything, much attention was paid to the formation and education of children.

Childhood

Almost all his childhood is Ostrovsky spent in Zamoskvorechye. His father had a big library, the boy early began to study Russian literature and felt craving for writing, but the father wanted the Son to become a lawyer.

From 1835 to 1940, Alexander studied at the Moscow Gymnasium. Then he entered Moscow University and began to study at a lawyer. But a quarrel with the teacher did not give him to finish last course University. And then the father arranged him to the court. He received the first salary in the amount of 4 rubles, but then it increased to 15 rubles.

Creation

Next, the Biography of Ostrovsky (Brief) indicates that the fame and popularity of Alexander Ostrovsky as a playwright brought a play "His people - to tear!", Published in 1850. This play was approved by I. A. Goncharov and N. V. Gogol. But she fell in Moscow merchandise, and the merchants complained to the sovereign. Then, at the personal order of Nicholas, her author was fired from the service and took the supervision under police officer, filmed only under Alexander II. And in 1861 the play again saw theatrical layouts.

In the open period of the Ostrovsky, the first playful play in St. Petersburg was called "not sitting in their sleeves." The Biography of Ostrovsky (Brief) includes information that for 30 years its play was put in the St. Petersburg Aleksandrinsky and Moscow Small Theaters. In 1856, Ostrovsky begins to work in the magazine "Contemporary".

Ostrovsky Alexander Nikolaevich. Work

In 1859, Ostrovsky with the support of G. A. Kusheleva-Bezborodko produces the first collection of works in two volumes. At this point, the Russian critic Dobrolyubov will noted that the island is the exact image of the "Dark Kingdom".

In 1860, after "thunderstorms", Dobrolyubov will call him "Light Light in the Dark Kingdom."

Indeed, Alexander Ostrovsky could captivate with his arrival talent. "Thunderstorm" became one of the brightest works of playwright, with whose writing is also connected by his drama. Prototype main heroine The plays became the actress Lyubov Pavlovna Kositskaya, with her for a long time they associated his relatives, although they were both non-free people. She was the first to fulfill this role. The island image of Katerina did in his own way tragic, so he displaced in it all the suffering and torment of the soul of the Russian woman.

Cradle talent

In 1863, Ostrovsky was awarded the Uvarovskiy Prize and became a chosen member of the Corresponding Academy of Sciences of St. Petersburg. Later, in 1865, he organized an artistic circle that became the cradle of many talents.

Ostrovsky took in his house in such famous guests as F. M. Dostoevsky, L. N. Tolstoy, P. I. Tchaikovsky, M. E. Saltykov-Shchedrin, I. S. Turgenev, etc.

In 1874, the Society of Russian Dramatic Writers and Opera Composers, the chairman of whom Ostrovsky remained the Society of Russian Dramatic Writers and Opera Composers. He also worked in the Commission related to the revision of the laws of theatrical department, which led to new transformations, thanks to which the position of the artists was significantly improved.

In 1881, the Benefis Opera "Snow Maiden" N. A. Rimsky-Korsakov took place in the Mariinsky Theater. Ostrovsky's biography (brief) indicates that the Ostrovsky was incredibly satisfied in these minutes music design Great Composer.

Last years

In 1885, the playwright began to establish a repertoire part of the theaters of Moscow and headed theatrical school. Monetary problems There were almost always at the island, although he collected the fees from the pies, and the pension was appointed by Emperor Alexander III. Ostrovsky had many plans, he literally burned at work, and influenced his health and exhausted his vitality.

On June 2, 1886, he died in his own sink under Kostroma. He was 63 years old. His body was buried next to the grave of the Father at the Church of St. Nicholas the Wonderworker in the Kostroma province in the village of Nikolo-Berezhka.

Widow, actress Mary Andreevna Bakhmetyeva, three sons and daughters king Alexander III was appointed a pension.

His manor in the Schelike now is a memorial and natural museum of Ostrovsky.

Conclusion

Ostrovsky created his theatrical school with its holistic concept of theatrical formulation. The main component of his theater was that it did not have extreme situations, but were depicted life situations, leaving for the human life and psychology of the time that Alexander Nikolaevich Ostrovsky very well knew. short biography It describes that there were many ideas in the Ostrovsky Theater, but for their implementation, a new stage aesthetics and new actors were needed. All this was later brought to mind K. S. Stanislavsky and M. A. Bulgakov.

Ostrovsky's dramas served as the basis for film enclosures and television series. Among them, the film "Marriage Balzaminova", shot in 1964 on the play "For what come, then you will find" director K. Winovov, film " Cruel romance", Filmed in 1984 according to the" Nurendannian "director Eldar Ryazanov. In 2005, Evgeny Ginzburg removed the film "Anna" on the play "Without guilt to blame".

Ostrovsky created an extensive repertoire for the scene of the Russian Theater, which included 47 very original plays. He worked in co-authorship with talented young playwrights, among which P. M. Nevzhene and N. Ya. Solovyov. Ostrovsky's drama has become national due to its origins and traditions.

Alexander Nikolaevich Ostrovsky - Russian playwright and writer, whose work has played an important role in the development of the Russian National Theater. His peru belongs to several of the most famous worksSome of which are included in the literature for the school program.

Family writer

Ostrovsky's father, Nikolai Fedorovich - the Son of the Priest, served as a judiciary in the capital and lived in Zamoskvorechye. He ended the Moscow spiritual seminary, as well as a seminary in Kostroma. His mother was of pretty poor family And died when the Ostrovsky was seven years old. In addition to Alexander, three more children were born in the family. When their mother died, after a couple of years, the father married again, and his chosen was Baroness Emily Andreevna von Teszin. She also cared for children, having mastered the troubles on their upbringing and receiving proper education.

In 1835, Alexander Ostrovsky entered the Moscow gymnasium, and 5 years later, at the University of the capital for jurisprudence. Just during this period of time, he begins to experience an increased interest in theatrical productions. Young Ostrovsky often visits Petrovsky and small theaters. His training is suddenly interrupted by a non-love of the exam and the quarrel with one of the teachers, and he leaves the university at will, after which it is set to work as a scribe to Moscow Court. In 1845, he finds a job in a commercial court in the office of the Office. All this time, Ostrovsky accumulates information for his future literary creativity.

In the course of his life, the writer was married twice. With the first wife, Agafie, the name of which was not preserved to the present day, he lived about 20 years. His children from this marriage, unfortunately, died, being very small. The second spouse - Maria Bakhmetyeva, he had six children from her - two daughters and four sons.

Creative activity

The first literary publication - "Waiting for the groom", appears in 1847 in the Moscow City List, with a description of the scenes from the merchant life of those times. Next year, Ostrovsky ends the spelling of the comedy "His people - to think!". She was put on theatrical scene And he received a considerable success, which served as an incentive that Alexander finally came to the decision - to devote all his own strength of drama. The society is warm and with interest to this work, but it also became the cause of persecution by the authorities, due to too frank satire and opposition nature. After the first display, the play was forbidden to decide in theaters, and the writer about five years was under the supervision of the police. As a result, in 1859 the play is significantly reworked and reprinted with an absolutely different final.

In 1850, the playwright visits the circle of writers, where he gets the inspired rank of singer untouched by the false of civilization. Since 1856, he becomes the author of the magazine "Contemporary". At the same time, Ostrovsky with colleagues goes to an ethnographic expedition, whose task is to describe the peoples living on the banks of the rivers of Russia, in its European part. Basically, the writer studied the life of the peoples living on the Volga, in connection with which wrote big work "Traveling along the Volga from the sources to Nizhny Novgorod," reflecting the main ethnic features of people from those places, their lives and customs.

In 1860, the light saw the most famous play Ostrovsky - "Thunderstorm", the actions of which occur on the banks of the Volga. In 1863, he receives a prize and honorary membership in the St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences.
Ostrovsky died in 1886 and was buried in the village of Nikolo-Berezhka.

• Conceptual view of Ostrovsky on the theater is the construction of scenes based on conventionality, using the riches of Russian speech and competently use in the disclosure of characters;
• Theater schoolwhich island founded, in the future he was developed under the leadership of Stanislavsky and Bulgakov;
• Not all actors reacted well to the innovations of the playwright. For example, the founder of realism in Russian theater art - Actor M. S. Shpkin, left with the general rehearsal of "thunderstorms" under the leadership of Ostrovsky.