Theatrical curtains. Theatrical curtain

Theatrical curtain - Type of drapery separating the scene from spectator. The curtain existed already in the theater Ancient Rome. When opening the stage platform, it descended into a special slot in the floor of the stage platform, at the end of the presentation - rose from the floor again. Since the theater in Rome came from Greece, then such a curtain is called "Greek", although in the Greek itself the curtain in the theater was not applied. In the theater, the curtain is used immediately in three qualities: 1. As an independent character of a performance, which, as if oppose the actors 2. An integral element of acting game 3. A means of separating the hall from the scene and actors from the public, as well as a way to hide the crowdinging from universal views. The first item is not contrived, this appointment can be called the most ancient of all listed, since a piece of fabric served as an obstacle before actors who fulfilled the role of Kathakali (ancient Indian presentation). The same piece of fabric becomes the enemy of evil and terrible ravan, a representative of the Dark Forces. IN modern interpretation This plot can be observed on the famous Knitted curtain of Borovsky in the gamlet, on which there are images of the dust, decay, treno, a peculiar metaphor of time and eternity. Similar solutions in scenography can also be found among other artists. If we talk about the theater curtain, as an element of the game, the curtains made of lightweight fabric were often used in the most famous theater Both distant and not very distant past. This and Del Arte, and Shakespeare Theater, Lope de Vega Theater, not to mention the scenography of the 20th century - ranging from Vakhtangov, Nivinsky, and to Breht, Neule, and so on, there are no such examples in modern stage practice. Used as a means of separating the hall from the scene, the curtain became in the 16th century, in court italian Theater. But it was only the beginning, and firmly enter the theater life as a separator of the theater curtain only in the Baroque era, in the 17th century. It is at this time that the curtain becomes an integral element of decorating the scene-box. By and large, since then nothing has not changed, in such an area of \u200b\u200bcurtain today and is perceived by us. Today, another practice is distributed, when directors for one reason or another refuse to use the curtain in their production, bringing some new idea in production. Today, theatrical curtains can be lifting or sliding. They open completely, but can open in parts. In some theaters, the curtains remain constant, in others are created for certain performances, and are shown in their presentation. They may be and picturesque mythological compositions.

Theatrical curtain is both scenery and a fairly complex technical device. He first needed in the theater, when the performances began to consist of several acts, as a result of which there was a need to temporarily insulate the scene from the auditorium to change the scenery. Consider the most frequently used types of curtains.

Sliding

The most famous type. The device of such a curtain must be responsible for two fundamental requirements: first, it must completely overlap the scene, and secondly, both halves should move during closing synchronously. Unlike curtains for home use, Sliding theatrical curtains closes with the so-called odor, when one half comes over the other. To implement such a plan, both halves are placed on different guides mounted at some distance from each other. And to provide smoothness and synchronism, the movement of both parts is regulated by a single drive system.

Lifting-down

Such a curtain most often used in musical Theater. It looks like a solid canvas, horizontally attached at the top to the carrier beam. When changing the position of the beam, the position and the curtain itself changes. For this purpose, both manual and electro-mechanical drive are equally used in the same way.

In order to dry up during lowering or lifting the curtain, strong guides are inserted into its side vertical edges. And a special shredder is inserted into the lower horizontal. So that he does not fight when lowering the scene, some distance from the lower edge of the curtain (as a rule, about half a meter) is observed.

A significant mass of such a curtain is associated with the need to additionally retain difficult guides determine the basic requirement for its material. It should be thick and dense.

Combined

The features of both above types of curtains are combined in combination-type models. They have several independent drives that provide both the possibility of lifting and the possibility of disclosure. If you turn on both at the same time, the curtains will be revealed very beautifully, during the uplift, they will also come back on the sides. When closing, everything happens in the reverse order.

Folding

Folding curtain usually has a manual drive. Its feature is that it is possible to raise the lower half in such a way that it disappears behind the upper half. If the design and height of the room allows, the curtain can be even threefold. It also uses independent guides, sewing inside interior fabric in right places.

Austrian

Austrian theater curtains have a characteristic drapery across the entire width, and their raising occurs due to the impact of several points located on the bottom. At the time of the rise, the lower edge can be parallel to the level of the scene, and may form an arcuate line (for example, by accuracy, repeating the bending line of the decorative arch).

The Austrian curtains are sometimes called "Buyonne Curtains." Translated by S. french The word "bouillonne" means "big fold".

Gaming and intermissioning

Finally, we note that theatrical curtains can also be classified by their intentation on intermission and gaming.

The first type refers to constant stage equipment and is used to conceal the scene from the audience. And the gaming curtains serve as a background for certain performances. Color, texture and decorative elements are selected individually. In fact, the game curtain is a scenery for events shown by actors. And this is a more important task than it seems at first glance. The fact is that he must create the desired mood at the viewer and harmonize with events occurring on stage.

Theatrical curtains are an integral part of any cultural institution that should always look excellent.

Moreover, each of the most important elements of the theater as a building (curtain, scene, the auditorium), in addition to aesthetic, performs a purely functional role.

Scene

This is the main place theatrical action. IN ancient Theater The scene function was tent in which the actors were prepared. Then the scene began to perform the function of theatrical entourage: the scenery, the mechanisms used in the views were placed on it.

In the modern theater most often used, the so-called, scene-box: the space is closed on three sides communicating with the auditorium Through the portal scene (architectural arch), and the space inside the "box" is called a scene mirror.

The scenic platform itself is divided into three parts: an advancement, scene and an arieristzen (front, basic and rear). The arierstzen is used to store decorations, disposition of stage mechanisms, lighting elements.

From the point of view of the presentation itself, the scene is divided into the game part (located within direct visibility of the hall) and side backstage spaces. The latter also includes special "pockets", as intended for the placement of scenic mechanisms.

Theatrical curtain

This element of clothing scene separating the scene from the auditorium. As a rule, the curtain opens at the beginning of the presentation, and closed in intermission or at the end. In historical I. opera theater The main curtain is often decorated with the emblem of the theater or the emblem of the city.

There are a number of species of theatrical curtains. They differ in appearance, texture, nature of movement and method of disclosing the scene.

Attractive-sliding curtain

Another name "Greek". Used, mainly in dramatic
Theaters. Suites from two half, fixed in the upper part at one height. Synchronously moves away from the center of the scene to the portals. This curtain completely overlaps the scene from the audience: the design provides a special "backstage", which allows the wings of the curtain to docile tightly. But there is a variety of this curtain and with one wing.

Lifting-lower curtain

The same called "curtain guillotine" or "German" curtain. It is more often used in musical theaters, as it allows you to fully disclose the scene. This curtain is a whole web, a straight or pleated, which is fixed along the top edge to the carrier beam. The curtain rise occurs simultaneously with the climbing beam. But such a curtain requires big height Ceiling over the scene.

Italian curtain

Known as "Imperial" or "Swag Curtain". The curtain canvas consists of two half. At an altitude of 2-3 meters from the scene to the wings, cables are attached, which, during the opening of the curtain, pull the wings to the upper corners of the scenic portal.

Austrian curtain

Thanks to the opening system, the curtain has a very beautiful drapery with large folds. Rises immediately for several points attached to the lower edge of the curtain. At the same time, the lower edge can be as to be parallel to the floor, and bend, taking the form of the arch of the Amendment.

Venetian curtain

Looks like an Austrian opening system (opens up), but differs from the last presence of vertical folds. When picked up, the lower curtain boundary can be parallel to the floor, but according to the aesthetic and functional reasons, the wings of the curtain are more likely raised to different heights, forming an uneven lower circuit.

Roman curtain

Similar to the type of lift to Austrian and Venetian, but it is distinguished by the fact that the curtain canvas in the lowered state does not have either vertical or horizontal folds.

French curtain

This curtain of the combined type, known as "Lifting-Italian". Combines the lifting type of movement with the movement of Italian type: the carrier beam rises along with the curtain, at the same time, half the curtain is moved to the corners, like Italian.

Curtain Brehta

This type of curtain is often used different today. modern theaters. First was used in " epic Theater"Brecht, from where and got its name. The curtain canvas consists of two half, height from 2.5 to 4 meters, followed by the scene. The curtain is suspended on two cables, tensioned deliberately in sight, right behind the scene portal. As a rule, it opens and closes manually.

Curtain Wagner

The curtain consists of two halves fixed at the top of the "Vangest". Both wings open with the help of a mechanism that pulls the lower inner angles is set to the edges of the scene. For such a curtain, quite massive mechanisms that can be placed right under the scene are required.

Curtain Kabuki

Made from solid, lightweight (for example, from silk). Unlike all previous types of curtains, this does not rise and does not move away, but simply uncovered on top and drops sharply down, opening the scene. The curtain is kept on a metal pipe with pins, from which it simply slides when turning the pipe.

Curtain Polishinelel

This is a solid smooth cloth, fixed in the upper part. Opens with winding
The canvas on the lower drum, which, rotating, rises to the arch of the Amendment. This principle is similar to the mechanism of projection screens, which, often, this curtain is. Often used wide tulips and grids, to open a show or change scenes. The advantage of this system is that it does not require a large space over the scene, nor massive mechanisms.

Passing curtain

This curtain completely closes the scene, allowing the actors to pass through it. This type include a filament curtain, a curtain of elastic bands of fabric and a light curtain, based on the illumination of particles weighted in the air.

Folding curtain

This special curtain type usually works on manual control. Allows you to raise the bottom
Half curtain over the scene so that it will hide behind the top of the curtain. Used for historical curtains or for scenery. Which cannot be raised directly for the urgente due to any obstacle. Another reason to use this type of curtain is a lack of space over the scene. Depending on the design, the curtain can be twice as well, three times or more times.

Fire curtain

This design is not essentially the theatrical curtain and performs a specific practical function. But this curtain is used in theaters. This is a refractory smokeproof design, made of non-combustible materials, which descends in a fire for separating the scene from the auditorium to prevent the spread of fire and combustion products.

Since the scene and the adjacent premises have a large number of Furious materials, fire on stage can develop very quickly and spread to the auditorium. The curtain serves not only for the safety of the evacuation of people, but also to preserve the building, as in large theater Halls Even the situation itself represents tremendous value and will require large financial costs for recovery. The fire-fighting curtain should be descended after the end of the presentation or rehearsal and tightly adjacent to the scene to avoid airbrush.

Auditorium

Room for viewers connected to the scene of the portal opening. In fact, in
This Theater (meaning a room in which all the main theater attributes are present) the size of the room for the visual hall is carefully calculated. The value of the hall capacity, the air cub, the size of the scene portal, the angle of lifting places for the audience, the angle of view in the vertical plane.

The auditorium can have up to three tiers (meaning the hall itself), located stepped. If there is a wide passage in front of the scene, the first GURPAP chairs can have up to 7 rows, the latter is up to 6 rows, and all others are not more than 5 rows. At the same time, the number of places, both in a group with 7 rows, and in a group with 5 rows should be approximately the same. Last group Chairs, in addition to side passages, must be associated with at least one way out behind it. The auditorium (or rather, the entire space before the scene) also consists of several parts.

Parter. - Lower floor of the visual hall with places for the public. Parter from the scene separates the orchestral pit. Historically, the partner was intended for the lowest class (known places in the balconies) and did not have sedentary seats for a long time. At the present time, places in the parter who are closest to the stage, on the contrary, are very popular.

Orchestra pit - Separed blown room before the scene length of no less width
settlement gaming portal scene intended for the placement of the orchestra accompanying the performance.

Amphitheater - The main part of the visual hall, the places in which are located tiers (in contrast to the parquet).

Balcony - Places for the public located in several vertical rows opposite the scene and on the sides of the auditorium. Depending on the number of tiers of theatrical
buildings, these spectator places are called: a balcony of the 1st tier, 2nd tier, 3rd tier. As the scene removed from the scene, the degree of inconvenience of visual sites in the balconies is increasing, both in acoustic and visual terms. Accordingly, the ticket price is reduced both, and the price of tickets: the place of the top tier of the theater are the cheapest and most democratic. In everyday life, the top tier of the visual hall is called the "Gallery".

So, structure theater architecture Not so simple. This is a slender system, each element of which performs its function and serves as one goal - to ensure the convenience of viewers.

A classic set of clothes scene is:

1. Harlequin and Curtain . These elements of clothing are not just on stage, they seem to be the continuation of the auditorium. Such a curtain can rise or drove on the sides, it can be a Greek curtain, Austrian, French curtains, etc.
2. Padugu with scenes or pop-up curtains - This is the part of the clothing designed to separate the scene on the depths. Thus, Paduga hides the ceiling from an extraneous eye under which it is established necessary equipment. The scene weighs the scenes and hides the actors who are preparing to go on the scene. The popborn curtain is called the Kulis, which can be unlounted in order to play with the depth of the scene. And if the curtain hides the screen, then it is called a pre-screen curtain.
3. To finish the "stage box", use back . In addition to mine decorative goalHe hides the artists and scenery. Sometimes the backs are made sliding.

There is still the so-called gaming curtain. It is made for some kind of performance to transfer the desired atmosphere to the viewer. In fact, such a curtain is part of the scenery.

Theatrical curtains on the type of construction

Curtains differ in the opening method.

One of the most common and simple options - attractive-sliding curtain. Most likely, this mechanism should be used on the stage curtain in the school entry hall.

Lifting-down curtain It needs a sufficiently large space over the scene, and such a mechanism of the stage curtain is most often used in theaters.

Austrian curtainconsisting of multiple folds, also rises up. Similarly, it works venetian curtainconsisting of vertical folds.

Truly magic is italian curtain for sceneAlso known as Imperial. The canvas of two halves is fixed from above and with the help of cables curtain is synchronously revealed in different directions.

French curtain Combines Italian sliding "wings" and lifting mechanism.

And special attention should be paid passing curtain - Through it, the actors can easily be in front of the audience and again also quickly hide.

By color gamma Curtains usually vary from barded to black.

It is very important to choose the right tissue for the curtain. Fire curtain On stage - this is a huge step towards the success of the whole event. It is best to use non-flammable velvet or sinyl for the main curtain and other non-combustible fabrics for the ride and housing.

In our salon "Rosie Blues" you can order theatrical curtain for the scene of any design and complexity!

Do not suck in the choice of material for the curtain, and do not forget to show originality - and then your scene will delight the actors, and the audience!