Statuses about Chechens. Chechen male character

STATEMENTS ABOUT THE CHECHEN

Ermolov:
“It is they, the Chechens, who revolt the entire Caucasus. Cursed tribe!
Their society is not so crowded, but it has increased enormously in the last few years, for it accepts friendly villains of all other peoples who leave their land after committing any crimes. And not only.
Even our soldiers are fleeing to Chechnya. They are attracted there by the perfect equality and equality of Chechens, who do not recognize any power in their midst.
These robbers welcome our soldiers with open arms! So Chechnya can be called a nest of all robbers and a brothel of our fugitive soldiers.
I presented these scammers with an ultimatum: to hand over the fugitive soldiers or revenge would be terrible. No, not a single soldier was handed over! They had to exterminate their auls.
This people, of course, is neither more vile nor more insidious under the sun. They don't even have the plague! I will not rest until I see with my own eyes the skeleton of the last Chechen ... "

“Downstream of the Terek live Chechens, the worst of the bandits, who attack the line.
Their society is very sparsely populated, but it has increased enormously in the last few years, for the villains of all other nations were friendly, leaving their land for any crime.
Here they found accomplices, who were immediately ready either to avenge them, or to participate in robberies, and they served them as faithful guides in lands they did not know themselves. Chechnya can rightly be called the nest of all robbers "

Notes of 1816-1826, when Yermolov was the commander of the Caucasian corps and the commander-in-chief in Georgia during the Caucasian War.
"I have seen many peoples, but such rebellious and unyielding as Chechens do not exist on earth, and the path to conquering the Caucasus lies through the conquest of the Chechens, or rather, through their complete destruction."

"Sovereign! .. The mountain peoples by example of their independence in the most subjects of your imperial majesty give rise to a rebellious spirit and love of independence."
(from the report of A. Ermolov to Emperor Alexander I on February 12, 1819)

"Chechens are the strongest people and the most dangerous ..." Ermolov.
“It is just as impossible to subdue the Chechens, how to smooth over the Caucasus. Who besides us can boast that he saw the Eternal War? "
(General Mikhail Orlov, 1826).

Faced with many Caucasian peoples, N.S. Semenov, at the time of the creation of his collection of articles, clearly distinguished the Chechens with his attention:
"A tribe that I studied more than other tribes, and which, in terms of its integrity and vitality, deserves more interest"
“Chechens, both men and women, are extremely beautiful people.
They are tall, very slender, their physiognomy, especially their eyes, are expressive.

In their movements, the Chechens are agile, dexterous, by their nature they are all very impressionable, cheerful and witty, for which they are called the French of the Caucasus.
But at the same time, they are suspicious, quick-tempered, treacherous, insidious, vindictive.
When they strive for a goal, all means are good for them. At the same time, the Chechens are invincible. unusually hardy, brave in attack, dexterous in defense ”Berger.
“... The Chechens did not burn houses, did not deliberately trample the fields, did not break vineyards. "Why destroy the gift of God and the work of man," they said ...
And this rule of the mountain "robber" is a valor that the most educated peoples could be proud of, if they had it ... "

A.A. Bestuzhev-Marlinsky in "Letter to Doctor Erman"

“We tried to destroy the Chechens, as our enemies, by all means and even turn their advantages into disadvantages.
We considered them a people extremely fickle, gullible, insidious and treacherous because they did not want to fulfill our requirements, inconsistent with their concepts, morals, customs and way of life.
We denigrated them so much because they did not want to dance to our tune, the sounds of which were too harsh and deafening for them ... "

General M. Ya. Olshevsky.

“Someone justly noted that in the type of Chechen, in his moral character there is something that resembles a Wolf.
Leo and Eagle depict strength, they go to the weak, and the Wolf goes to the stronger than himself, replacing the latter case all - with boundless audacity, courage and dexterity.

And once he gets into hopeless trouble, he dies in silence, expressing neither fear, nor pain, nor groan "

(V. Potto, XIX century).

"Manic hatred of Chechens is explained by the subconscious envy of people deprived of the genes of courage, morality, intelligence"

("General newspaper", 17-23.04.1997)

- One nuance. Skinheads beat "blacks" - but they are afraid of Chechens. Why?
- Do you read Solzhenitsyn. Even our prisoners and the Gulag administration did not touch the Chechens in the zones.

Chechens are people of amazing personal courage.
The film "My friend Ivan Lapshin" starred a former prisoner convicted of murder.
He played the guy who, according to the plot, stabbed the hero of Andrei Mironov. Andrey was even out of frame, in life he was afraid of him. After 11 years in prison, the criminal world released him ...
This prisoner told me a story from the life of the zone.

Once one of the thieves stabbed a Chechen to death. And around the swamp, you will not leave.
So, the Chechens, who had served time and were already living in the settlement, made a device and jumped into the zone through the barbed wire. And they cut many - and, as you know, they stayed in the zone for a very long time.
With all the love for our people - ours would not jump ...
Skinheads know: if you stab a Chechen, they will kill everyone.
And on other foreigners they are even incited, like a dog on a leash ...

Elena 26.01.2008, 00:11

“It's hard to be a Chechen.
If you are a Chechen, you must feed and shelter your enemy, who knocked on your door as a guest.

You must, without hesitation, die for the honor of the girl. You must kill the bloodline by driving a dagger into his chest, because you can never shoot in the back.
You must give your last piece of bread to a friend. You must get up, get out of the car to greet the old man walking by on foot.
You should never run, even if your enemies are a thousand and you have no chance of winning, you still have to take the fight.

And you can't cry no matter what happens. Let your beloved women leave, let poverty ravage your house, let comrades bleed on your hands, you cannot cry if you are Chechen, if you are a Man.
Only once, only once in your life, you can cry: when Mother dies "
NO_COMMENT 01/26/2008, 04:37 AM

Chechens - there are so many in this word! As much as the enemies like it! But I have nothing against other nationalities!
Mouravi 01/30/2008, 15:48

Salaam Aleikum. To begin with, I'll just tell you a story from life.
I once talked to a guy. He is Kazakh, his name is Arman. He lives in the city of Stepnogorsk, Kazakhstan.

There is a gold mine there since Soviet times, which stopped with the collapse of the Soviet Union. But locals began to climb there at their own peril and risk (it is far from safe).

It is a whole underground labyrinth. To better imagine, I can say that it has the shape of a Christmas tree upside down.
During work, it was electrified and all power supply systems worked, then after stopping everything by itself stopped, and it took the form of a dark abyss.

But having no other way of food in the 90s, people climbed there in the hope of catching good luck. Many really found death there, lost in the tunnels and branches of the mine.
Armand also dabbled in this for a long time. He told how for several days people lived in tunnels, seeing only the light of a flashlight, and looking for gold ore.
He said that over time, people became depressed in eternal darkness, and experienced people said: "So it's time to go up."

In those difficult conditions, all conventions were erased and all decorum was forgotten. Darkness, lack of clean air, fear, pressed on the human psyche. But there was an exception.

He said that even in these conditions, the local Chechens, who also went down into the mine, observed all the rules of national behavior and ethics. Even the little things.
He watched with great surprise as the younger did not sit in front of the older.
As if the earth began to crumble from above (after all, they worked without equipment, by hand), then everyone, driven by the instinct of self-preservation, tried to be the first to jump out of the face into the tunnel.

And only the Vainakhs tried to push each other out first of all (the younger ones, the older ones, and those of them).

Needless to say, I was very pleased to hear that my brothers, even in the most extreme and life-threatening conditions, remained Chechens, who, according to Yakh, first of all think about their friend and brother, and then only about themselves.

Girl E
It so happened that in the course of my life I encountered many Chechens.
1) Handsome.
2) Smart.
3) They know how to force themselves to be respected both by words and actions.
4) Awesome sense of humor.
5) When you walk with a Chechen along a dark street, you can be calm for yourself, he will not give offense.

Also in the company where I work there are several two Chechens and if they do not like them, then they are respected by everyone (a team of over 100 people).
One of them, by the way, does a lot for the staff and everyone always goes to him for help, and he does everything to help them without asking for anything in return.
In short, I really like them, it's a pity that they create such an areola. It is clear that a weak country needs an enemy image.
In short, I hope our country will become stronger, and the Chechens will be able to show the world what they really are.

26/12/01, Major Payne

In my opinion, Chechens are the most courageous people in the world! I will only quote the old Chechen song, which the Ichkerists made the anthem of Ichkeria!
We were born the night the she-wolf was whelping
In the morning, under the roar of a lion, we were given names.
Mothers fed us in eagles' nests,
The fathers taught us how to tame horses on the clouds.
Mothers gave birth to us for the people and the fatherland,
And at their call, we stood up bravely.
With mountain eagles we have grown free,
Difficulties and obstacles were proudly overcome.
Rather, granite rocks, like lead, will melt,
Than hordes of enemies will make us bow!
Rather, the earth will kindle in flames,
How will we appear to the grave, having sold our honor!
We will never submit to anyone
Death or Freedom - we will achieve one of the two.

23/05/02, LIGHT

I love Chechens for everything!
1. They are honest, freedom-loving, they have a sense of their own dignity.
2. Since I communicate very closely with the Chechens, I can say that they are: cheerful, cheerful, temperamental and, most importantly, courageous!
They believe in their ideals and maintain their traditions!

27/01/03, Elina 2002

You know, I used to know very little about Chechen customs and customs, but I fell in love with a Chechen and now we are going to get married.
I respect the Chechens for the fact that they firmly hold on to their roots and support each other.
They are a very proud people who honor their customs and traditions.
And about the fact that they are all bandits, it is not true. There are good people and bad people in every nationality.

28/01/03, Arthur

This people is worthy of respect first of all because:
1. A Chechen will never leave his countryman in trouble.
2. Chechens are very brave people.
I myself am an Armenian by nationality, and whoever says that Chechens and Armenians cannot be friends is blatantly lying.

06/05/03, LENA

How not to love Chechens, they will never pass by when their fellow countryman is in trouble. And we, if we see that they are beating ours, will run away from there.
05/21/03, UksY

Chechens are the same people as Russians, Ukrainians, Dagestanis, Jews, Americans.
My grandmother often visited Chechnya and told only good things about Chechnya. Grandma cried when the war started.
My uncle worked in Chechnya 20 years ago, he also speaks well of Chechnya and the Chechens ..

31/05/0, Gulcha

I love one single Chechen! I respect the rest. For their patience, friendship, responsibility for their people and for their family.
If they love, then for life !!!
Never confuse Chechens and the concept of terrorists. These concepts are not compatible.

17/07/03, LILIANA

Radio operator Kat! I know what you mean!
After all, I also lived in the Caucasus in the Chechen aul and fell in love with this part of the planet as I probably did not even love my native Libya, where I was born and spent my earliest childhood years!
And even here, in St. Petersburg, I have many friends - Chechens and I love them all very much! They call me "sister" and they respect me a lot.
Often I come across those who are of the same faith with me - Zoroastrians. With them we get together in the evenings and read the Avesta.
And never in my life have I seen anything bad from a single Chechen, but from others - as much as I like!

03/06/04, Anime

I just love, perhaps one of the few Muslim nations that I respect !!!
Chechens are the most ancient people, they are also Urarts, and besides, I have a lot of Chechen friends and girlfriends.
Their girls are unrealistically beautiful, but in general the people are funny !!!
The people of the book are called the Jews, they are undoubtedly the most educated people on earth.
But Chechens are people from the book!
Valeria Novodvorskaya.
Georgian
You have no idea how much my family and I respect Nokhchi.
I will not repeat that this is a very brave moral, proud, truly religious nation. I have been communicating with them since childhood. And I do not regret it a bit.
And who hates them ... have the courage to go up to one Chechen and say this to his face ..
Communicating with the Chechens, I came to the conclusion that it is difficult to become a friend of a Chechen, but if you become one, then the Chechen will be ready to die for you, but if you betray the Chechen, then you will be in trouble.
I will put forward a hypothesis.

I have already read from someone that Chechnya is a bundle of energy, and it is very important where it will be directed.
Noticed, came close: "A bunch of energy."
But this is probably not enough. Apparently, we are dealing with a clot, a fluctuation of the gene pool. A subject worthy of serious scientific study!
Fluctuation (condensation), let me remind you, is a spontaneous process, of low probability, anti-entropic. The fluctuation of matter provided us with the miracle of life.
And the fluctuation of the gene pool must be protected, even if it happened in a foreign nation! In the end, it will make everyone better off.
As long as there are peoples such as the Chechen, humanity has hope.

Alexander Minkin wrote in Novaya Gazeta (19.25.08.)

After the trip with Lebed to Khasavyurt:
“The first thing that catches your eye:
We have a mess, the Chechens are in order.
We have a show, they have not a single superfluous movement.
For the federals, the schedule is shifted by hours, for the Chechens, nowhere did they have to wait a minute ...
The militants are energetic, confident, everyone is absolutely sober.
Awful detail:
Ours - from a soldier to a prime minister - can explain themselves in Russian with absolute difficulty, they can rarely finish a phrase they have begun, they switch to gestures and an endless "uh";
Chechens, on the other hand, in a foreign, Russian language, explain themselves clearly, form thoughts without difficulty. "

Statements about Chechens in different times- part 3

Chechens: who are they? 13:46 02/12/2005

RIA Novosti columnist Tatiana Sinitsyna.

The Chechens are sure that their deepest roots are historically drawn to the Sumerian kingdom (30th century BC).

They also consider themselves to be the descendants of the ancient Urartians (9-6 centuries BC).

In any case, the deciphered cuneiform of these two civilizations indicates that many authentic words have survived in the Chechen language. (in fact, saying modern language, these were the so-called Chechen Diasporas. approx. author.)

“The Chechens are undoubtedly the bravest people in the Eastern Mountains. Campaigns to their land have always cost us bloody sacrifices. But this tribe has never been completely imbued with muridism.

Of all the eastern highlanders, the Chechens most of all retained their personal and social independence and forced Shamil, who ruled despotically in Dagestan, to make them a thousand concessions in the form of government, in the people's duties, in the ritual severity of faith.

Gazavat (war against the infidels) was for them only an excuse to defend their tribal independence "

(R.A. Fadeev, "Sixty Years of the Caucasian War", Tiflis, 1860).

"" ... The ability of this tribe is beyond doubt. Of the Caucasian intellectuals, there are already many Chechens in schools and gymnasiums. Where they study - they will not be praised enough.

Those who arrogantly humiliate an incomprehensible mountaineer must agree that when talking with a simple Chechen, you feel that you are dealing with a person who is sensitive to such phenomena. public life, which are almost inaccessible to our peasant of the middle provinces ""

Nemirovich-Danchenko. Along Chechnya.

"" Chechens, excellent riders can overcome 120, 130 or even 150 miles in one night. Their horses, without always slowing down at a gallop, storm such slopes where it would seem impossible to walk even on foot ...

If there is a crevice ahead, which his horse does not dare to overcome right off the bat, the Chechen wraps up the horse's head with a burka and, entrusting himself to the Almighty, makes the pacer jump over a chasm up to 20 feet deep. "

A. Dumas Caucasus (Paris, 1859)

Appeal of the Political Administration of the Don Front to the soldiers of the Soviet Army, issued on the eve of the Battle of Stalingrad (1943)

Based on materials from the book by Kh. D. Oshaev "The Word about the Chechen-Ingush Regiment" Nalchik. "Elfa" 2004.

According to the testimony of the surviving participants in the heroic defense of the Brest Fortress, according to the scarce documentary data of the staff archives, according to the materials of the Museum of Defense of the Hero-Fortress, it is known that over all the days of battles in the citadel and the three fortified areas adjacent to it, over two thousand Soviet soldiers and officers were killed.

And among them - more than 300 soldiers of Checheno-Ingushetia

From the book of the secretary of the Chechen-Ingush regional committee of the CPSU (b) during the war V. I. Filkin "Party organization of Chechen-Ingushetia during the Great Patriotic War Soviet Union".

“In March 1942, at Beria's insistence, the conscription of Chechens and Ingush liable for military service to the Red Army was terminated.

This was a serious mistake, because the deserters and their accomplices did not at all reflect the real mood of the Chechen-Ingush people.

In August 1942, when the Nazi troops invaded the North Caucasus, the regional committee of the CPSU (b) and the Council of People's Commissars of the Chechen-Ingush ASSR applied to the Government of the USSR and the Central Committee of the CPSU (b) with a request for permission to voluntarily mobilize the Chechens and Ingush into the Red Army.

The request was granted. "

Thereafter, voluntary mobilizations were carried out three times and they provided thousands of volunteers.

In the spring of 1942, voluntarily mobilized, fully equipped with equestrian personnel, well equipped, staffed with an experienced combat command and political composition, already received the army number 114th Chechen-Ingush Cavalry Division at the insistence of Beria was disbanded.

At the insistent request of the Chechen-Ingush regional committee of the CPSU (b) and the Council People's Commissars Chechen-Ingush Regiment and the Chechen-Ingush Separate Division were retained from the division.

Until the end of 1942, the 255th regiment fought well on the southern approaches to Stalingrad. In the battles at Kotelnikovo, Chilekovo, Sadovaya, at Lake Tsatsa and in a number of other places, he suffered heavy losses.

In May 1943, the regional committee of the CPSU (b) summed up the results of the voluntary mobilization. The decision reads the following: "The third conscription of Chechen and Ingush volunteers to the Red Army, carried out with the permission of the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks, between February and March 1943, is accompanied by a manifestation of genuine Soviet patriotism.

"According to incomplete data, during the war, it was called up and mobilized in active army more than 18,500 of the best sons of the Chechen-Ingush people "(V. I. Filkin).

Two thirds of them were volunteers.

According to the latest data from researchers (in particular, those who worked on the creation of the "Book of Memory"), the number of Chechen and Ingush Red Army soldiers who fought against the Nazis on the fronts of the Great Patriotic War was more than 40 thousand people.

By the intrigues of Beria in February 1944, the Chechen-Ingush Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic was abolished, and the people were resettled to Central Asia and Kazakhstan.

Motive: for weak participation in the war with the Nazis ...

This was a blatant lie. The deportation of the Chechens and Ingush (and, possibly, other peoples), apparently, was being prepared long before the start of its implementation.

In the mainstream of these plans, one should also consider the secret order of the beginning of 1942 on keeping awards for Chechens and Ingush (possibly, other, later "punished" peoples), first of all, higher and commander's awards, and on not submitting Chechens and Ingush to the title of Hero of the Soviet Union.

Vainakh had to do something out of the ordinary in order to be nominated for the title of Hero.

In a battle near the village of Zakharovka, Kh. Nuradilov alone stopped the advance of the German chains, destroyed 120 Nazis and took seven more prisoners. And he received no award.

And only after Nuradilov was mortally wounded in his last battle, bringing by this time the losses of the Nazis to 932 people (920 killed, 12 captured and 7 more captured enemy machine guns), he was posthumously awarded the title of Hero

Today in the media and in printed works, there are dozens of Chechens and Ingush nominated for the title of Hero of the Soviet Union and not approved in this title.

In 1996, from among the Chechens nominated for this title, Russian President Boris Yeltsin approved four participants in the Patriotic War to the rank of Hero of Russia.

The fate of Mavlid Visaitov, the first Soviet officer who shook hands with the commander of the forward American units, General Bolling, during the historic meeting on the Elbe was Lieutenant Colonel Mavlid Visaitov, a Chechen by nationality.

"Parlamentskaya Gazeta" tells about his fate in the next issue. This fate is like a fairy tale.

As the commander of a cavalry regiment, in the first months of the war he did not retreat, but attacked.

With dashing swoops, under the fire of machine guns and tanks, he knocked down patrols, smashed the advanced units of the enemy on the march.

For this, in July 1941, he was presented to the Order of the Red Banner.

In those days and in that environment, such a high award was not just a rarity - it is a unique occasion.

Then M. Visaitov received a horse as a gift.

The best horse that could then be found in Russia. It was acquired by Mikhail Sholokhov at his own expense and sent to the front with parting words - to present it to the best cavalryman of the Soviet Army. It turned out to be Chechen M. Visaitov.

Then the deportation of February 1944 broke out. An order was given to quietly "withdraw" all Chechen officers from combat units, to bring them to Moscow, and already there they were informed that they, together with all the people, were subject to deportation to Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan.

Then one hundred military order-bearers came to the snow-covered Red Square in the early morning and stood up in formation in the hope that someone from the top leadership would be interested in this unusual parade and listen to them.

They stood all day, were surrounded by a company of the NKVD and, already being taken away, stumbled upon Marshal K. Rokossovsky leaving the Kremlin.

Thanks to his intervention, these Chechens were returned to the units with all awards and titles preserved. And then there was Elba.

In honor of the meeting, M. Visaitov presented General Bolling with the most precious thing he had - his horse. The general gave the jeep.

On the same days, US President Truman signed a presentation to the Order of the Legion of Honor for M. Visaitov - an extremely rare award.

Suffice it to say that in the United States, if a knight of this order enters the room, all men stand up, including the president of the country.

1944 Chechens were awarded only in words - their award documents were put under the cloth and never got out.

Elba's hero did not live to see his Day of Restoration of Justice for only a few months.

Based on materials from www.chechen.org, from research by H.D. Oshaeva The remains of 850 people are buried in the Brest Fortress, of which the names of 222 heroes are known, who were carried on the plates of the memorial.

Among them are three natives of Checheno-Ingushetia

Lalaev A.A.,
Uzuev M.Ya.,
Abdrakhmanov S.I.

Scientific and Methodological Council memorial complex The "Brest Hero Fortress" recognizes and approves the soldiers as participants in the defense and battles in the Brest region only if certain documents are available: information from military enlistment offices or a military card (Red Army book) of the serviceman himself or two testimonies of participants in the defense of the fortress, etc.

From the name given by the Chechen writer involved in the search for the defenders of the fortress, Kh.D. Oshaev, the number of people in the museum has material on the following comrades who are recognized as participants in the defense of the Brest Fortress and the battles in the Brest region:

Abdrakhmanov S.I. Baybekov A.S. Beytemirov S.-A.M. Betrizov Kh.G.
Gaitukaev A.D. Lalaev A.A. Malaev A. Masaev (Zayndi Askhabov)
Tikhomirov N.I. Uzuev M.Ya. Khasiev A. Khutsuruev A. Tsechoev Kh.D.
Shabuev A.K. Edelkhanov D. Edisultanov A.E. Elmurzaev A.A.
Elmurzaev E.A. Esbulatov M. Yusaev M.

Many wartime archives have disappeared, and the personal documents of the few surviving Red Army soldiers of Chechen nationality, who were expelled from their homeland, have not survived, because in new places they were replaced with "certificates of special settlers."

List of participants in the defense of the Brest Fortress and the adjacent area, called up from Checheno-Ingushetia

Abaev Saypuddi, Chechen from the village of Novye Atagi, Shali region. Worked as a teacher. He was drafted into the army in October 1939. He served in the Brest fortress.

Abdulkadyrov Ali, Chechen from the village of Starye Atagi, Grozny region. He was a participant in the Finnish campaign. Then he served in Brest.

Abdulmusliev Ayub, Chechen from the village of Beno-Yurt, Nadterechny district. Drafted into the army in February 1940, served in the 125th rifle regiment as a private.

Abdurakhmanov Kosum, Chechen from the village of Znamenskoye, Nadterechny district. Drafted into the army in February 1939, the regiment is unknown.

Abdurakhmanov Shamsu, Chechen from the village of Alleroy, Nozhai-Yurt district. Drafted into the army in 1939. He served in the 125th rifle regiment as a private.

Abdulkhadzhiev Dzhunaig, Chechen from the village of Dachu-Barzoy, Grozny region. Drafted into the army in the fall of 1940. He served in the 44th rifle regiment as a private.

Ablushev Khumand, Chechen from the village of Nadterechnoye, Nadterechny district. He served in the Brest fortress. The regiment is unknown.

Aduev Eldarkhan, Chechen from the village of Gukhoy, Sovetsky District. Drafted into the army in February 1940. He served in the 333rd Infantry Regiment as a private.

Azamov Khalid, Chechen from the village of Nadterechnoye, Nadterechny District. Drafted into the army in February 1940.

Aleroev Salman Timayevich, Chechen from the village of Psedakh, Malgobek district. Drafted into the army in February 1940.

Alibulatov Shahabutdin, Chechen from the village of Kenkhi, Soviet District. He served as a private in the 333rd Infantry Regiment.

Aliyev Mahmud, Chechen from the village of Chishki, Grozny region.

Alisultanov Salambek, Chechen from the village of Starye Atagi, Grozny region. He served as a private in the 125th Infantry Regiment.

Ampukaev Akhmad, Chechen from the village of Duba-Yurt, Shali region. He served as a private in the 125th Infantry Regiment.

Anzorov Zayna, Chechen from the village of Starye Atagi, Grozny region. He served as a private in the 125th Infantry Regiment.

Arbiev Israil, Chechen from the village of Znamenskoye, Nadterechny district. Drafted into the army in October 1940. First he served in the 222nd Rifle Regiment, stationed at Cheremkha station Brest region... According to some reports, he served in the 125th Infantry Regiment.

Arsagireyev Khozhakhmet, Chechen from the village of Novye Atagi, Shali region. He served in the 131st artillery regiment.

Arsemikov (Ibragimov) Abdul-Mutalib, Chechen from the village of Starye Atagi, Grozny district. He served in the 131st artillery regiment.

Spinning, spinning, hitting a machine gun,
Spins, spins, sings a song.
Nuradilov lay down with his "maxim",
The Germans are ruthlessly mowed down by the Maxim.

How much courage and how much fire
Chechnya breathed into the hero's heart!
We are fighting for the Terek on the blue Don,
We will defend the dear country!

Shahin Bey, 1877-1920 Real name Muhyammad Sa1id.
Shahin Bey, People's Hero of Turkey.

He was born in 1877 in the city of Antep, in a Chechen family.
Today the city is called Gazi-Antep. This means: Hero City.

The city was given this honorary title in honor of Muhyammad Sa1id, a Chechen.

Everyone in Turkey knows Muhyammad Sa1id as the man who defended Antep to the last drop of his blood.

Today, in Turkish schools, students are told about the heroic deeds of the Chechen Muhyammad Sa1id, as the defender of the city of Antep.

He was nicknamed Shahin, which means "falcon" in Turkish.

Muhyammad first enlisted in the army in 1899, he served in Yemen. Because of his exemplary behavior and heroic deeds in Yemen, he was awarded the title of sergeant major.

Muhyammad Sa1id took part in the hostilities in Trablus. Because of the courage shown in this war, he was honored with an award and promoted to the rank of lieutenant.

Muhyammad Sa1id also took part in the war in the Balkans. He was sent to the war "Galich" of the 15th Ottoman Army, in 1917 he took over the command of the front "Sina".

In 1918, Muhyammad Sa1id, after fierce battles, was left without a rear and ammunition. Muhmmad Sa1id was taken prisoner by the British. Until December 1919 he remained a prisoner of the British.

After the armistice, he was released and returned to Turkey.

Muhyammad Sa1id on December 13, 1919, freed from captivity, returned to Istanbul and immediately assumed the new position of military commandant in the city of Urfa.

Muhmmad Sa1id sees the occupation of the city of Antep and demands from the command to be sent to this city. Then he is assigned to control the strategic road between the cities of Kilis and Antep.

After serving in the Ottoman army for decades and being captured by the British, Muhammad Sa1id finally returns to his native, but already occupied by the enemy, the city of Antep.

But Muhyammad Sa1id, who has not seen his relatives and his family for so many years, only stays at home for one day and immediately returns to the service.

1920 Muhyammad Sa1id will visit many villages near the city of Antep and make tablig1, i.e. explains that you need to go to jihad.

Explains to people what jihad is and its significance in Islam, and gathers 200 volunteers who are ready to give their souls for the sake of the Almighty, defending their city from the French invaders.

Muhyammad Sa1id thinks about how to free the city from the invaders. He himself draws up a plan for the liberation of the city. The inhabitants of the city trust Muhmmad Sa1id and listen to his every word.

The French, who have taken control of the city, do not believe that Muslims will be able to do something again.

Muhmmada Sa1id prepares the people for the struggle, realizing that if reinforcements do not come to the French from the city of Kilis, they will not be able to defend the city from them. And the fight begins.

The French, as expected by Muhyammad Sa1id, are defeated and ask for help from Kilis, but our hero, who himself chose the bravest Mujahideen, stood in the way of the French army.

Not a single Frenchman could come to the aid of the besieged in the city.
Muhyammad Sa1id fought like a lion on the strategic road.

Muhammad Sa1id sent a messenger with a message to the city of Antep, this message said: "Be calm, my brothers, as long as my heart beats, no Frenchman will cross the bridge."

The French were unable to take control of the city. And they did not receive the long-awaited help either.
Muhyammad Sa1id with a handful of Mujahideen did not allow the French to break through the only bridge leading to the city.

On February 18, 1920, Muhyammad Sa1id and his fighters recaptured an army of many thousands of the French. In this battle, they destroyed about a thousand Frenchmen.

When the city of Antep was taken by the Muslims, Muhyammad Sa1id sent an appeal to the French: “Every inch of this land, which you trample with your dirty feet, is watered with the blood of martyrs. For our religion, for honor, for our homeland, for freedom to die is sweeter than drinking on hot August days cold water from the stream. Leave our lands. Or we will destroy you. "

The French did not want to admit defeat and prepared new plan and new troops for the capture of Antep. They were shocked by Muhammad Sa1id, who defended the city with several Mujahideen.

The French transferred 8,000 infantry, 200 cavalry, 4 tanks, 16 cannons to capture Antep. Muhyammad Sa1id against the French put up 100 Mujahideen who were ready to give their souls on this path.

On March 25, early in the morning, the French launch their attack. Until late, Muhyammad Sa1id does not allow the enemy to cross the bridge. Allah1a's warriors are annihilating thousands of Frenchmen.

On March 28, after 3 days of continuous fighting, the forces of Muhyammad Sa1id end and some offer him to retreat.

Muhyammad Sa1id answers them: “If the enemy crosses the bridge, with what face will I return to Antep? The enemy can cross the bridge only over my corpse. "

The battle lasted for the fourth day and only 18 people remained with Muhyammad Sa1id, others all became martyrs.

In the afternoon, Muhyamad Sa1id was left alone against the French.

He fought to the last bullet. When the bullets ran out, he got up and threw himself with a dagger at the French. Muhyammad Sa1id became a martyr, his whole body was riddled with bullets.

Then the French waited for a long time, afraid to approach his body. When enough time had passed, they approached and shredded the body of the dead hero with bayonets.

The Turks still remember Shahin today. Poets write poetry about him. Mothers call their children by his name.

The Chechen who gave his life in jihad and for freedom, the Turkish people will always remember. The poet in his poems spoke of him like this:

Ask Shahin, he was alone
It was torn to pieces with bayonets on the bridge,
The bandits gathered at that place.
Wake up, Shahin, look ...

Antep was filled with French
They are waiting for you, Shahin, come again ...

Muhyammad Sa1id, with his heroism, laid love for freedom in the hearts of the Turks, filled them with courage, and soon a liberation struggle began throughout Turkey.

His 11 year old son also enlisted in the army and participated in all battles in the liberation struggle of the Turkish people.

"" The Chechens have always been a formidable adversary. They fought with us for life and death. ""

V.A. Potto.

K.M. Tumanov in 1913 in his remarkable work "On the prehistoric language of the Transcaucasus":
“The ancestors of modern Chechens are the offspring of the Aryan Medes, Matians, who, by the way, lived in the same satrapy with the Urartians. Having survived the latter, they finally disappeared from the borders of Transcaucasia by the beginning of the 8th century AD ”.

"During their independence, the Chechens lived in separate communities, governed" through a popular assembly. Today they live as a people who do not know the class distinction.

It can be seen that they differ significantly from the Circassians, among whom the nobility held such a high position. This is the significant difference between the aristocratic form of the Circassian republic and the completely democratic constitution of the Chechens and tribes of Dagestan.

This determined the special character of their struggle ... Coined equality prevails among the inhabitants of the Eastern Caucasus, and everyone has the same rights and - the same social status.

The authority that they entrust to the tribal elders of the elected council was limited in time and scope ... Chechens are cheerful and witty. Russian officers call them the French of the Caucasus. " (author's note - True, the Chechens themselves - if they were called French - would consider it an insult)

(Chantre Ernest. Recherches ant-hropologiques dans le Caucase. Paris, - 1887.4.4 C. 104, no Sanders A. Kaukasien

The kunachestvo and hospitality of this people are observed more strictly than that of other highlanders. Kunak will not allow his friend to be insulted throughout the entire time that he is under his protection, and if he lives with him, he protects him from impending danger even at the cost of his own life.

Chechens are good shooters and have good weapons. They fight on foot. Their courage reaches the point of frenzy.

They never surrender, even if one of them remains against twenty, and the one who is taken by surprise by accident or oversight is covered with shame, just like his family.

No Chechen girl will marry a young man who did not take part in the raids or who showed himself to be a coward in any battle.

The upbringing, lifestyle and internal management of the Chechens are the same as they should be in desperate people.

But the Caucasian peoples, with all the diversity of their historical destinies and origins, have one more common feature, especially pronounced among the Chechens: a deep inner awareness of the immediacy of what is happening.

Living among the embodiment of eternity - mountains, they perceive time not as fleeting moments, but as the infinity of being. Perhaps this is the secret of the incredible courage of confronting tiny Chechnya.

“We had to wage the most difficult war in Chechnya, covered with centuries-old forests. The Chechens chose Germenchuk as a gathering point, and the imam personally brought 6 thousand Lezghins to their aid.

The Chechens were asked to surrender.

They answered: "We do not want mercy, we ask the Russians for one favor - let them let our families know that we died, as we lived - not submitting to someone else's power."

Then it was ordered to attack the village from all sides. A frenzied fire opened, the extreme sakli flashed with fire. The first incendiary shells exploded, then they stopped bursting. Later, our people learned that the Chechens, lying on them, extinguished the pipes before the fire communicated with gunpowder.
Fire, little by little, engulfed all the houses. The Chechens sang their death song.
Suddenly a human figure jumped out of the dying saklya and a Chechen with a dagger rushed at ours. The Mozdok Cossack Atarshchikov stuck a bayonet in his chest. This picture was repeated several times.

Six Lezghins crawled out of the burning ruins, miraculously survived. They were immediately taken to the dressing. Not a single Chechen surrendered alive "

(Chichakova, "Shamil in Russia and the Caucasus").

Khankala ... This name has been attached to the gorge since ancient times. In the language of the Chechens, it means a guard fortress. Quite a few pages of history are associated with it.
There was a large village of Chechen-Aul, which gave its name to the largest of the mountain peoples of the North Caucasus.
At the mouth of the Khankala Gorge, the Vainakhs met hordes of the Crimean Khan in the 17th century, intending to betray peaceful mountain villages to fire and sword. Met and utterly defeated the 80-thousandth troops Through the ranges of centuries.

During the battle on the Sunzha River on July 4, 1785, a soldier who fought as part of the Russian troops was wounded and captured Georgian prince P. Bagration.

During the battle, he showed courage and did not give up when all the nearby soldiers dropped their weapons and raised their hands. The transfer of the Russian landing across the Sunzha bogged down and ended in the defeat of the Russian troops.

They knocked the saber out of the wounded Bagration from his hands, knocked him down and tied him up. After the battle, there was traditionally an equivalent exchange of prisoners, or ransom if one of the parties had no one to change.

After the exchange, the Russian command offered a large sum of money for Bagration. A boat with the mountaineers sailed from the opposite Chechen coast of the Sunzha.

When the boat moored to the shore where the tsarist battalions were located, the Chechens carefully carried out of the boat and laid on the ground Bagration, already bandaged by Chechen doctors. And not saying a word, not looking at anyone climbed back into the boat and began to push off from the shore.

"And money?" - surprised Russian officers rushed to them, holding out a bag. None of the murids turned around. Only one Chechen looked at them with a dispassionate gaze, uttered something in Chechen and turned away.

The highlanders silently crossed the river and disappeared into the thickets of the forest.

"What did he say" - the officers turned to the translator-Kumyk?

The translator replied: "We do not sell brave men, and we do not buy"

"The history of war and Russian domination in the Caucasus" NF Dubrovin. 1888 year.

The nice sides of the Chechens are reflected in their epics and songs. Poor word count, but extremely figurative language This tribe seems to have been created, according to knowledgeable researchers of the Andean ridge, for a legend and a fairy tale, naive and instructive at the same time.

Humiliated boasters, punished envious people and hishniks, the triumph of the great-hearted, albeit weak, respect for a woman who is an outstanding assistant to her husband and comrades - these are the roots folk art in Chechnya.

Add to this the wit of a mountaineer, his ability to joke and understand a joke, gaiety, which even the plight of this tribe could not overcome, and you, of course, with all your respect for uniform moralists, will agree with me that Chechens are a people as a people, neither in than not worse, and perhaps even better than anyone else who distinguishes from his midst such virtuous and merciless judges.

Vasily Nemirovich-Danchenko

“As for the Chechens, they, in my opinion, for the most part have a heightened potential of courage, energy and love of freedom.

At the end of the first Chechen war, I wrote in the then still “ Nezavisimaya gazeta”That the Chechens represent in their qualities, including intellectual data, a kind of fluctuation of positive properties.

I am familiar with many Chechens of different positions and ages, and I am always amazed at their intelligence, wisdom, composure and persistence.

One of the components of the above-mentioned fluctuations seems to me to be the fact that the Chechens, the only ones among the peoples Russian Empire, did not have an aristocracy, never knew serfdom, and for about three hundred years they have been living without feudal princes. "

(Vadim Belotserkovsky, 22.02.08)

After the crushing of France in 1812-1814. defeating the also powerful Ottoman Empire in 1829, Russia took up the Caucasians.

Among them, the Chechens offered the fiercest resistance. They were ready to die, but not to part with freedom. This sacred feeling is the basis of the Chechen ethnic character to this day.

We now know that their ancestors were involved in the formation of human civilization in its primary focus in the Middle East. The Hurrians, Mittani and Urartu are among the sources of Chechen culture.

The ancient peoples of the Eurasian steppes, obviously, also included their ancestors, because there are traces of the kinship of these languages. For example, with the Etruscans, as well as with the Slavs.

The traditional worldview of the Chechens reveals primordial monotheism, the idea of ​​one God.

The system of united self-governing teips developed a single body Council of the country centuries ago. He performed the functions of a unified military command, formed public relations, and carried out state functions.

The only thing that he lacked for the rank of state was the penitentiary system, which included prisons.

So, the Chechen people have lived for centuries with their own state. By the time Russia appeared in the Caucasus, the Chechens had completed their anti-feudal movement. But they left the functions of the state as a way of human society and self-defense.

It was this nation that managed in the past to carry out a unique world experiment to achieve a democratic society. "(Author's note, the Vainakh Society did not reach a democratic society - they have lived in a democratic society from time immemorial)

Charles William Reckerton

Official Russian historiography carefully conceals the real scale of losses incurred during aggressive wars of conquest.

Of course, if the Russian people knew what it costs them, they would not get involved in all sorts of adventures.

For example, what is the worth of Prince Vorontsov's campaign against the Chechens in the 19th century? Out of 10 thousand Russians, 7 were destroyed.

On the way back to Russia, the officers carefully watched so that Vorontsov did not shoot himself. Otherwise, one of them would have to answer to the king.

Vorontsov had nothing to lose, and he wrote to the tsar in his report on the colossal victory of the Russians, and the crushing defeat of the Chechens, for which he was awarded a promotion.

Most likely, the tsar and his officials were not stupid enough to believe the absurd report. But victories and the basis for further expansion to the Caucasus were needed like air.

After Vorontsov was punished, it would have been more difficult for the tsar to send new recruits to the slaughter.

They know how to value dear dignity in a person, but in excitement and the most great person can die with them for nothing.

From the diary of a Russian soldier who was held captive by the Chechens for ten months during the Caucasian War of the 19th century.

When you look at the same time at the Chechen and at our brother Vahlak, ours gives the impression of a clumsy herbivore next to a stately and courageous predator.

A Chechen has a variegated outfit of some panther or leopard, the grace and flexibility of her movements, her terrible strength, embodied in graceful steel forms ...

This is truly a beast, perfectly equipped with all kinds of military weapons, sharp claws, powerful teeth, jumping like rubber, like rubber, dodging, carried away with the speed of lightning, with the speed of lightning, overtaking and striking, instantly igniting with such malice and anger that a herbivore never has the power to animate ox "

(EM Markov, "Sketches of the Caucasus", St. Petersburg, 1875).

The flatness or, more correctly, the sloping northern slopes of the Caucasian ridge, covered with forests and fertile valleys and inhabited in the eastern part by the Chechen tribe, the most warlike of the mountain tribes, have always constituted the heart, the granary and the most powerful hiring of the hostile coalition of mountains.

Shamil, knowing well the price of these foothills and choosing his residence, initially Dargo, and then Vedeno, apparently tried to stay closer to Chechnya than all his other possessions.

The significance of these foothills was also understood by the Commander-in-Chief, Prince Baryatinsky, who concentrated all our strikes on the Chechen lands, with the fall of which in April 1859 densely populated Dagestan could not resist for half a year, although rested from our offensive operations, which were terminated by Dagestan since 1849 ...

(E. Selderetsky. Conversations about the Caucasus. Part 1, Berlin, 1870)

Meanwhile, Major General Grekov, taking advantage of the temporary lull, made several expeditions to Chechnya during the winter (1825) to punish the villages that had accepted the fugitive Kabardians.

One could not wish for more destructive weather for the Chechens.
From the day of his departure from Grozny and until his return, the cold continued rather severe. In addition to the deep snow in Chechnya, frosts constantly kept from 8 to 12 degrees, finally, the ice, which lasted 4 days, covered trees and all plants with ice, deprived the last means of food for livestock, while hay remained either in the villages or in the steppe.

These two extremes are strong enough to enslave any other people, but have barely shaken a few Chechens. Their stubbornness is incredible. That is, they did not betray the Kabardians. ""

(Dubrovin N.F. "" History of war and dominion "", vol. VI, book 1, St. Petersburg, 1888, p. 527) 1919.

The Turkish officer, Huseyn Effendi, who happened to be among the Chechens by the will of fate, did not hide his amazement and admiration.

"" The highlanders, fighting the Russians, stand uninterruptedly in battles, "he wrote. - Not receiving any money, no food, nothing in the literal sense.

I am afraid of Allah not to tell the truth that the highlanders, especially the Shatoevites, are worth a lot.

They are afraid of neither the enemy, nor frost, nor poverty, at my first clique they set out on a campaign. If we do not thank them, Allah will thank them.

I am a Turk, but they are Chechens, and they stand up for the faith. I can safely say that I have never seen anything like it. I will never tear myself away from the highlanders. ""

According to legend, Shamil was asked who in the imamate fought the best of all the nations? He said "Chechens".

"And who was the worst" and he replied "Chechens", and when his interlocutor was amazed, the imam explained, "the best of the Chechens were the best of all the others, and the worst of them were the worst of all the rest."

1918 The Russians, who had expelled the Chechens from Grozny, were besieged there by the highlanders and fired at the nearby villages with cannons.

Soon the Chechens succeeded, having disarmed the Vedeno garrison of the Russians, and took away 19 guns from them. Having transported these weapons to the besiegers of Grozny, the Chechens used them solely to force the Russians not to destroy their villages.

SM Kirov writes: "" If the Chechens decide to put an end to Grozny, they will be able to do it in a few minutes. All they have to do is fire a few shells at the oil and gasoline tanks, and only ashes will be left of Grozny ""

"The social life of the Chechens is distinguished in its structure by that patriarchal and simplicity that we find in primitive societies, which have not yet been touched by modernity in any of its various aspects of civic life.

The Chechens do not have those class divisions that make up the character of societies organized in a European way.

The Chechens, in their closed circle, form a class of free people, and we do not find any feudal privileges between them "

(A.P. Berzhe, "Chechnya and Chechens", Tiflis, 1859).

At the time of agnatic alliances, the image of a man-warrior, vigilante, defender of the union, rises to the level of an all-encompassing popular ideal that leaves its stamp on all life in all its manifestations.
How this image should have been drawn in front of the mental gaze of the Ancient Caucasian highlander - we can judge about this by the views of the Chechens - a people who are very weakly influenced by time and circumstances.

A true warrior according to these views, first of all, must possess all the properties and qualities of a warrior of the heroic era of mankind;

He must be very indifferent to life,
to love not peace and quiet, but all kinds of dangers and abusive worries,
must be courageous
unshakably firm, patient and enduring "

(N. Semenov, "The Natives of the North-Eastern Caucasus", St. Petersburg, 1895).

So, in one Chechen song it is sung:

Thin waist belt
You replace it with a sash - the royal power orders you.
Well-tailored Cloth Circassian
Change for rags - the imperial power orders you.

My hat made of astrakhan fur
Change to a cap - the royal power orders you.
Ancestral Steel Weapon
Replace with twigs - the imperial power orders you.

Get off your horse that grew up with you,
Stand on foot - the royal power orders you.
To the murderers of your brothers, who do not recognize God,
Become a slave and be quiet - the royal power tells you.

Lie down next to them to sleep in the common parking lot,
Eat from a bowl of one - the royal power tells you ...

"A Chechen woman is freer than all women and therefore more honest than anyone."

If there were no reasons for discord among them, the Chechens would become very dangerous neighbors, and it is possible, not without reason, to apply to them what Thucydides said about the ancient Scythians:

"There is no people in Europe or Asia who could resist them if the latter united their forces."

(Johann Blaramberg, "The Caucasian Manuscript")

Trades of the Chechens. According to the testimony of Marggraf (O. V. Marggraf.

Sketch of handicrafts North. Caucasus, 1882), Terek Cossacks bought from Chechens in Mozdok, Groznaya, Kizlyar (Bukhna, founded by Sharoy) and Khasav-Yurt (Khase Evla, founded by Chechens) about 1700 "Circassians" (Russian name) a year and the same number of bashlyks total for the amount of 10,000 rubles.

Chechen grain fed not only neighboring regions, but was exported to Turkey and Iran.

"According to official data, the population of Chechnya from 1847 to 1850 decreased by more than two times, and from 1860 to the time of the revolution (ie 1917) - almost fourfold," says the Encyclopedic Dictionary "Granat"

(v. 58, ed. 7, Moscow, OGIZ, 1940, p. 183).

A. Rogov also says that the pre-war number of Chechens was one and a half million people.

(magazine "Revolution and Highlander", No. 6-7, p. 94).

By the end of the war in 1861, only 140 thousand people remained, and by 1867 - 116 thousand.

(Volkova N. G. " Ethnic composition population of the North Caucasus in the XIX century. "Moscow, 1973, p. 120 - 121.)

The scale of hostilities is also indicated by the number of tsarist troops concentrated in the Caucasus: from 250,000 in the mid-40s to 300,000 by the end of the 50s

(Pokrovsky MN "Diplomacy and wars of tsarist Russia in the XIX century. M., 1923, pp. 217 - 218).

These troops in the Caucasus, as Field Marshal Baryatinsky noted in his report to Alexander II, constituted "undoubtedly the best half of the Russian forces."

(Report of Field Marshal A. I. Baryatinsky for 1857 - 1859. Acts collected by the Caucasian archaeological expedition, v. XII, Tiflis, 1904).

Dmitry Panin, a descendant of the ancient noble family, Russian scientist and religious philosopher who spent 16 years in the Stalinist camps.

In the 70s, his book "Lubyanka - Ekibastuz" was published in the West, which literary critics called "the phenomenon of Russian literature, equal to" Notes from the House of the Dead "F.M. Dostoevsky."

Here is what he writes about the Chechens in this book:

“The most successful and witty was the escape (from the Special Camp in Kazakhstan - VM) of two prisoners during a strong storm.
During the day, shafts of compressed snow poured, the barbed wire was brought in, and the prisoners walked along it as if on a bridge. The wind blew on their backs: they unbuttoned their jackets and pulled them with their hands like sails.

Wet snow forms a solid road: during the blizzard they managed to cover more than two hundred kilometers and reach the village. There they spat rags with numbers and mingled with the local population.

They were lucky: they were Chechens; they gave them hospitality. Chechens and Ingush are closely related to each other Caucasian peoples of the Muslim religion.

Their representatives in the vast majority are determined and courageous people.

When the Germans were driven out of the Caucasus, Stalin evicted these and other minorities to Kazakhstan and Central Asia. Children, the elderly and weak people, but a great tenacity and a keen sense of life allowed the Chechens to resist during the barbaric resettlement.

The strength of the Chechens was loyalty to their religion. They tried to settle in clusters, and in each village the most educated of them took on the duty of a mullah.
They tried to resolve disputes and quarrels among themselves, without bringing them to the Soviet court; the girls were not allowed to go to school, the boys went to it for a year or two to learn only how to write and read, and after that no fines helped.

The simplest business protest helped the Chechens win the battle for their people. Children were brought up in religious beliefs, albeit extremely simplified, in respect for their parents, for their people, for their customs, and in hatred of the godless Soviet cauldron, in which they did not want to cook for any bait.

At the same time, clashes invariably arose, protests were expressed. Petty Soviet satraps were doing a dirty business, and many Chechens fell behind barbed wire.
We also had reliable, courageous and resolute Chechens with us. There were no informers among them, and if they did appear, they turned out to be short-lived.

More than once I had the opportunity to be convinced of the loyalty of the Vainakhs - Muslims. When I was a brigadier, I chose the Ingush Idris as my assistant and was always calm, knowing that the rear was reliably protected and every order would be carried out by the brigade.
I was in exile in Kazakhstan at the height of the development of virgin lands, when, having received five hundred rubles of lifting, representatives of the underworld poured there.

The party organizer of the state farm, frightened for his life, hired three Chechens as his bodyguards for a lot of money. To all the Chechens there, he was disgusting with his actions, but once they promised, they kept their word, and thanks to their protection, the party organizer remained safe and sound.

Later, when I was free, I many times set the Chechens as an example to my acquaintances and offered to learn from them the art of defending their children, protecting them from the pernicious influence of godless, unprincipled power.

What was so simple and natural for the illiterate Vainakhs - Muslims, was shattered by the desire of educated and semi-educated Soviet Russians to give higher education his, as a rule, only child.
It was impossible to ask people to defend their children on their own with the driven atheism and the bloodless, crushed, almost everywhere closed Church ”.

Published in 1903 encyclopedic dictionary Brockhaus and Efron said about the Chechens:

“The Chechens are tall and well built. Women are beautiful. ... Indomitability, courage, dexterity, endurance, calmness in the fight are the features of a Chechen, long recognized by everyone, even by their enemies. "

(Encyclopedic Dictionary of Brockhaus and Efron. 1903)

Speaking about Chechens, Brockhaus also says that Chechens think of stealing:

“The biggest insult a girl can inflict on a guy is to say, 'You can't even steal a ram.'

It should be emphasized that Brockhaus did not deign to explain, or did not understand the specific root of this theft, and thus simply hangs a label on the Chechens, accusing them of theft.

Meanwhile, the theft, about which Brockhaus speaks, applies exclusively and only to the enemy fighting them.

The meaning of the insult about which in question, consists in the fact that a Chechen girl insults a Chechen guy who cannot do evil against the enemy of the Chechen people, even stealing a ram, whereas a Chechen must harm his hated enemies in any way - those who are at war with the Chechens, even with robbery.

This is what this "theft" is all about. In fact, what he calls theft was the robbery of exclusively military and military fortifications.

Well, if we talk about theft among the Chechens in general as such, then the Chechens have been expelled from their midst from time immemorial, convicted of theft, and the guilty person could settle only where they do not know him, since the shame from this is transmitted to his relatives.

In support of what has been said, we cite the words of the captain of the imperial army of the 19th century I.I. Nordenshtamm, who cannot be suspected of sympathizing with the Chechens:

"Stealing from your enemy, especially from an unfaithful one, is considered daring, among your own thefts are almost unheard of and are considered shameful ..."

(II Nordenshtamm. "Description of Chechnya with information of an ethnographic and economic nature." Materials on the history of Dagestan and Chechnya. 1940, p. 322.).

Much attention to the peoples of the North Caucasus in their work is paid by the Russian intelligentsia - M.Yu. Lermontov, A.S. Pushkin, L.N. Tolstoy and others.

The best works written by them about the Caucasus are dedicated to the Chechens. They describe the life and customs of the Chechens with deep sympathy and respect. They described the love of freedom, courage, loyalty and friendship of the Chechens.

They did not need to invent or embellish anything, they simply stated the facts, and they endowed the heroes of their works with such qualities.
The nobility that Chechens are distinguished by even in difficult moments of their lives is clearly expressed in Pushkin's "Tazit", when Tazit, brought up among the Chechens, leaves, leaving his enemy fratricide alive because he was unarmed and wounded.

"The killer was alone, wounded, unarmed"

(A.S. Pushkin. Complete collection of works. M., 1948. v.5. P.69. "Tazit".)

The Chechens especially revered the custom of hospitality. A guest (khyasha) among Chechens is considered not only a specially invited guest, but also any acquaintance or a complete stranger who asked to go to a house for rest, for the night, with a request for protection or assistance in something.

The hospitality of the Chechens can be used by people of any race and religion. The further the relationship with the guest, the more responsibility lies with the host in relation to providing security for the guest.
And in the Russian-Chechen war of 1994-96, the fighters of the Chechen Resistance themselves contacted the parents of the Russian soldiers they captured, who came to kill the Chechens, and gave them their sons alive.

The Chechens received the parents of Russian soldiers who came in search of prisoners and missing sons at home, gave them lodging, food, and never had anyone even thought of taking any payment for this.

According to the Chechens' custom, the right to their home is considered sacred and untouched. The offender bears more responsibility for the offense of the owner in his own home than for a similar offense inflicted elsewhere.

A person entering someone else's house is supposed to ask for permission from the owner. Resolution follows immediately.

Among Chechens, it is considered a great disgrace for the house if a stranger, familiar or unfamiliar, leaves the doorstep of the house without meeting a warm welcome. Only people who have blood accounts with someone are careful with inviting an unfamiliar guest to the house, for they are afraid that he may turn out to be their blood enemy.

A person who has visited the Chechen's house once, is, according to custom, considered a friend and well-wisher of this house.

If, according to custom, any visitor or guest is to some extent accepted as true friend, kunak, his own person and even as a relative, then the custom requires from the visitor his affection and loyalty to the owner, to whom he at least once came and "bread and salt", which he tasted.

"... touching a guest in the house would be the greatest crime, therefore, as a sign of his power of attorney to the owner, dismounting from the horse, the guest always gives up his weapon, which he receives when he leaves."

Written by I.I. Nordenstamm, who in 1832, during a military campaign to the eastern region of Chechnya, collected some ethnographic information about the Chechens.

“The Chechens are exquisitely polite hosts and guests. … Chechens are distinguished by the most cordial hospitality. Everyone tries to surround the guest with that material contentment, which he himself does not have either on annual holidays or in solemn moments for his family. "

(Dubrovin. "History of the war and domination of the Russians in the Caucasus." 1871. vol.

If someone offends a guest, he will thereby offend the host, and such an offense is perceived by the Chechens as stronger than a personal insult.

V. Miller, A.P. Berger and other researchers note that violation of the custom of hospitality is considered a great crime among Chechens. The whole society turned away from the violator, he was despised, cursed, and under especially difficult circumstances, he was completely expelled from their midst.

“The feeling of hospitality has been absorbed into the blood and flesh of every Chechen. Everything for the guest, whoever he is. With his last savings, a Chechen buys a pound of sugar and an eighth of tea and does not use them at all, but keeps them especially for the guest.

A Chechen, when he has nothing to treat a guest with, feels extremely embarrassed and almost disgraced. During the guest's stay, the host gives up personal comforts and puts him to his own bed.

He sees off the guest, and if he is killed on the way (from him), then together with the relatives of the killed he declares revenge on the murderer. "

(D. Sheripov. Essay on Chechnya. (Brief ethnographic information). Grozny. 1926. p. 28.)

There are numerous materials that can be found, in particular in the Acts collected by the Caucasian Archaeographic Commission, proving, for example, how Russian soldiers fled to Chechnya throughout long period Caucasian War.

The fugitive soldiers, despite the fact that they came to their land with the war, the Chechens received with respect, according to the Chechen custom of hospitality, and the fact that they were so received is clearly seen how the tsarist authorities found it very difficult to force the Chechens to surrender the fugitives for reprisals.

They offered a lot of money for them, but otherwise they threatened to destroy the whole Chechen village, which was sometimes carried out.

Details about the Kunak ties during the Caucasian War can also be found in the reports of contemporaries.

So, for example, N. Semenov cites vivid examples after Russian serfs, soldiers, Cossacks fled to the mountains. They always "found shelter and hospitality" with the Chechens and lived "quite well" in the villages of Chechnya.

(N. Semenov. "The natives of the North-Eastern Caucasus". St. Petersburg, 1895, p. 120.)

“Each house has a special section for guests, which is called kunatskiy, it consists of one or several rooms, depending on the state of the owner, which is kept very clean”,

Writes the same Nordenstamm (Materials on the history of Dagestan and Chechnya. 1940, p. 317).

“Glorious Beibulat, the thunderstorm of the Caucasus, came to Arzrum with two foremen of the Circassian villages, who were indignant during last wars. …

His arrival in Arzrum made me very happy: he was already my guarantee in a safe crossing of the mountains to Kabarda "

(A.S. Pushkin, op.t.5. M., 1960. p. 457).

These words of Pushkin show us that the poet was familiar with the customs of the Chechens. He knew that, even as an accidental companion of the Chechen Taimi-Bibolt (Beibulat Taimiev), he was guaranteed safety at such dangerous path from Arzrum along the Georgian military road, which shows the joy of meeting the poet with Beibulat.

L.N. Tolstoy, while in Chechnya, became friends with Chechens Balta Isaev and Sado Misirbiev from Stary-Yurt, later renamed Tolstoy-Yurt. The writer spoke of his friendship with Sado this way:

“Many times he proved his loyalty to me, putting his life in danger because of me, but this does not mean anything to him, it is custom and pleasure for him”

(Collection. "Caucasus and Tolstoy" under the editorship of Semenov.L.P.).

As you know, it was precisely his acquaintance with the Chechen way of life that pushed the great writer to accept Islam. And Lev Nikolayevich met his life end on the way to Chechnya, where he was going, and where he was going to live his last days.

Many Chechens consider them humanists, and some even the first human rights defenders of the Chechens. The reason for this is the description by Russian writers in their works of the national qualities of the Chechens - courage, courage, bravery, nobility.

But the fact is that these writers did not invent anything, they just wrote the truth.

One of the factors determining the characteristics of the national character of the Chechens is the Chechen folk social and everyday lyrics. The social and everyday lyrics include the traditional songs of the Chechens, which served in the popular mind to express the inner world of the Chechens.

The Chechen song expresses the richness of the feelings of the people's soul with its sorrows and joys caused by certain historical events, the hard life of the people, the love of the Chechens for freedom and hatred for the tsarist colonialists who brought slavery and oppression to the Chechens.

The Chechens do not have and have not had any division into classes or any social groups: “The Chechens do not and have never had their own princes, beks or any other rulers; all are equal ... ".

(Materials on the history of Dagestan and Chechnya. 1940, p. 323.)

The well-known expert on the Caucasus A.P. Berger, published in 1859 in his book "Chechnya and the Chechens", writes:

“There is almost no difference in the way of life between the well-to-do and the poor Chechens: the advantage of one over the other is expressed partly in clothing, most of all in weapons and a horse…. The Chechens, in their vicious circle, form with them one class - free people, and we do not find any feudal privileges between them "

(A.P. Berzhe. "Chechnya and the Chechens." Tiflis. 1859. pp. 98-99.).

Slavery, in whatever form, and Chechen psychology are incompatible. Unlike others, a Chechen will not hesitate to go to certain death, than agree to be a slave, no matter how strong and countless the enemy is.

The Chechens regard slaves as cowards as despicable creatures. In the Chechen lexicon, slave - barking is the greatest insult.

This is demonstrated in the works of M.Yu. Lermontov, when in "The Fugitive", the mother refuses her son, who "could not die with glory":

"By your shame, fugitive of freedom,
I will not darken the old years
You are a slave and a coward - and not my son! ... "

(M.Yu. Lermontov. Collection of works in 4 volumes. V.2. M., " Fiction". 1964 (See page 49.)

In his article, Friedrich Bodenstedt (Frankfurt, 1855) wrote:

“From century to century a powerful Russian state exposes the Chechen people to physical destruction, its historical and cultural heritage"Russia has been waging a war against the Chechens for many centuries, but it has never been able to finally defeat them."

Benckendorff tells an amazing episode:
“Once, on one market day, a quarrel arose between the Chechens and the Absherons (soldiers of the Apsheron regiment. - Ya.G.), the Kurintsy (soldiers of the Kurinsky regiment. - Ya.G.) did not hesitate to take a serious part in it.

But who did they come to help? Of course, not for the Absherons!

"How can we not defend the Chechens," the Kurin soldiers said, "they are our brothers, for 20 years now we have been fighting with them!"

The Chechens were rightly considered the most active and strong opponents of the tsarist government in the conquest of the North Caucasus.

The onslaught of the tsarist troops on the highlanders caused their unification to fight for their independence, and in this struggle of the highlanders the Chechens played an outstanding role, supplying the main fighting forces and food for the ghazavat (holy war) "Chechnya was the granary of ghazavat."

(TSB, Moscow, 1934, p. 531)

The government commission, having studied the issue of attracting them to serve in the Russian army, in 1875. reported:

"" Chechens, the most belligerent and dangerous highlanders of the North. Caucasus, are ready-made warriors .... Chechens literally from childhood get used to dealing with weapons. Shooting at night offhand, at the sound, at the light, shows a clear advantage of the highlanders in this over trained Cossacks and especially soldiers ""

Abstracts .... Makhachkala, 1989 p. 23

"" The Chechens are very poor, but they never go for alms, they do not like to ask, and this is their moral superiority over the mountaineers. Chechens in relation to their own never give orders, but say

"" I would need it, I would like to eat, I will do it, I will go, I will find out if God willing. "

There are almost no swear words in the local language .... ""

S. Belyaev, diary of a Russian soldier who was held captive by the Chechens for ten months.

"" During their independence, the Chechens, in contrast to the Circassians, did not know the feudal system and class divisions. In their independent communities, governed by popular assemblies, everyone was absolutely equal. We are all bridles (ie, free, equal), the Chechens now say. ""

(Encyclopedic Dictionary of F.A.Brockhaus, I.A.Efron.t. XXXVIII A, St. Petersburg, 1903)

Describing the situation in the field of education, contrary to the imperial myths about the "dark highlanders", the famous Caucasian expert - tsarist general P.K. Uslar wrote:

"If we judge about education by the proportionality of the number of schools with the mass of the population, then the Caucasian highlanders are ahead of many European nations in this respect."

Chechens are unquestionably the bravest people in the Eastern Mountains. Traveling to their lands has always cost us huge bloody sacrifices.

(N.F.Dubrovin, "History of War and Russian Dominion in the Caucasus")

In his apology for the Russian colonization of the Caucasus, Alexander Kaspari describes the Chechens as follows:

“The upbringing of a Chechen is based on obedience, on the ability to restrain his feelings within the proper limits, on the other hand, he is given complete freedom to develop his individual abilities as he pleases.

The consequence of this was that the Chechens are very sharp-witted, dexterous and resourceful.

Despite the respect for their titled persons and elders, Chechens never get to the point of servility and groveling, and if some authors accuse them of this, this shows their little knowledge of the Chechen character.

This is not a repetition of the above statement. The above statement of Berger, and this statement of Caspari, although they are half similar.

"Chechens, both men and women, are extremely beautiful people in appearance. They are tall, very slender, their physiognomy, especially their eyes, are expressive; in their movements, the Chechens are agile, dexterous; by nature they are all very impressionable, cheerful and very witty, for which they are called the "French" of the Caucasus, but at the same time they are suspicious and vindictive. At the same time, the Chechens are indomitable, unusually hardy, brave in attack, defense and pursuit "

(Kaspari A.A. "The Conquered Caucasus". Book-1. Pp. 100-101.120. Supplement to the magazine "Rodina" M. 1904).

Unfortunately, the issues of the Vainakh ethnogenesis were not the subject of a special study by historians. Historians, linguists, archaeologists only incidentally touch upon the origin of the Vainakhs as an ethnic group in their works, and perhaps they were forbidden to write Pravda about the Chechens, as this would instill the love of the exploited peoples for freedom and equality.

The distinctive features inherent in the Chechens, their way of life, culture only to a small extent served as a subject of publicity.

It is impossible to ignore the piety and courage of Chechen women without mentioning this from the many examples.

In 1944, on February 23, during the eviction of the Chechens, on this tragic day, when everyone, young and old, was declared enemies of the homeland, loaded onto Studebakers and taken away from their native villages, not even allowing food and clothing to be taken.

People were shot not only for the slightest disobedience, but even for an angry look at the genocide being committed. On this terrible day, it would seem impossible to think about anything else.

A Chechen woman, whose stomach was ripped open by a Red Army soldier with a bayonet, trying to restrain her falling out entrails with his hands, shouted to her brother-in-law, who wanted to help her: "Don't go into the house, I can see shameful places!"

This is how he is, moral character Chechen women.

The well-known linguist historian Joseph Karst states that the Chechens are sharply separated from other mountain peoples of the Caucasus by their origin and language, they are the remnants of some great ancient people, whose traces are caught in many regions of the Middle East, right up to the borders of Egypt.

I. Karst in his other work called the Chechen language the northern offspring of the proto-language, considering the language of the Chechens, like the Chechens themselves, as a remnant of the most ancient primary people.

The Chechen village of Dadi-Yurt, located on the right bank of the Terek, was razed to the ground in 1818 by order of the governor of the Tsar in the Caucasus, General Ermolov.

Before the start of the battle, the envoys appealed to the command of the tsarist troops to release women, children and the elderly from the village. But the tsarist officers said that the proconsul Ermolov had ordered the whole village to be punished.

“Then look how Chechens can die in battle,” they received an answer from the Chechen parliamentarians.

The whole village was fighting - women, children and old people helped the men. Someone helped in whatever way they could, someone loaded their guns, someone bandaged their wounds, and someone stood next to the men.

When the Chechens ran out of gunpowder and bullets, and the tsarist troops, having razed the village to the ground with a preliminary bombardment, entered it, the Chechens emerging from under the shelters, exposing their daggers, rushed into a fierce hand-to-hand attack.

Russian soldiers, old-timers of the Caucasian War, testified that they had never seen such a fierce battle.

After the end of the battle, more than ten Chechen women were captured. When they were transported to the left bank of the Terek, the Chechen women, having told a friend, “we will not let these giaours trample the Honor of our men,” and taking one Cossack escort each, rushed into the stormy river.

I heard from the old people that they witnessed how the Cossacks, passing the wasteland where the village of Dadi-Yurt was once located, dismounted and took off their hats.

“But there was one nation that did not at all succumb to the psychology of obedience - not loners, not rebels, but the whole nation as a whole. These are the Chechens.

A. Solzhenitsyn.

(http://cis-development.ru/knigi/chast1.html)

The truth about Chechens - "real men" and "invincible warriors"

This article of mine was not taken by any site, even the most frostbitten resources sent me tries. One guy even said: “Are you ahuel? Because of this text, the war can start. " Well, cool - the first banned article in my career.

On February 3, I, like most of the male population of Russia, raised a couple of toasts to the defenders of the Fatherland. I drank these glasses alone, but from the heart, mentally congratulating all the soldiers who defended the Motherland. BUT most spent the day at the TV screen, clicking on the remote control. 70 percent of the holiday programs were devoted to the Great Patriotic War, 10% to Afghanistan and 20% to Chechnya. Having looked at the dead bearded faces of the Chechen bandits and the ruins of Grozny, I wondered: why did this Chechnya become such a thorn in the paw of the Russian bear, why was it not swatted in a couple of days like a cockroach?

There are two reasons for this for me. First, the thoroughly corrupt top of the Russian army, which during the years of the Chechen campaigns was looking for personal gain, and did not work in the interests of the country. Second, the absence of all human qualities among the Chechen militias - I will not call them militants: for me it is a cinema genre, moreover, such a word implies at least some nobility. The combination of these two factors led to the fact that too many Russians died in Chechnya for such an anti-terrorist operation. First-year soldiers who did not know how to properly hold a machine gun were going to fight in the mountains. The Chechens, under the leadership of mercenaries, shot at these defenseless targets and began to consider themselves the best warriors in the world. In their opinion, Vainakhs = terminators. And this is despite the fact that Chechnya was smashed to pieces, and part of the population was not destroyed just because Russia is a civilized Christian country.

So after all, who are the Chechens and why have they always been a problem for Russia. Here you cannot do without a cursory excursion into history.

History does not know the exact origin of the Proto-Vainakh tribes. The first written source about the ancient period in the history of the Vainakhs is the work of a prominent Armenian scientist-encyclopedist of the 6th century. Anania Shirakatsi "Armenian Geography". There he mentions the self-name of the Chechens "Nokhchamatians" - people who speak Chechen: "At the mouth of the Tanais River live Nakhchamateans (Naksamats) and another tribe." Where did they come from - we do not care. Their lifestyle is important. Nokhchi have always been a headache for neighbors. While other tribes were engaged in cattle breeding or agriculture, the ancient Chechens did not recognize work as such and traded in robbery and horse-stealing.

The history of the Russian-Chechen confrontation dates back to the end of the 17th - the beginning of the 18th century, when Russia waged numerous long and stubborn wars with Turkey, Persia, and the Crimean Khan. Caucasian ridge was a natural barrier between Russia and its enemies, so it was strategically important for the Empire to keep it under control. At this time, the highlanders began their terrorist attacks. One of the first documented facts of an attack on Russian troops was the attack of the Chechens in 1732 on the Russian battalion, which was making a transition from Dagestan to the Stavropol Territory. From 1785 to 1791, gangs of Chechens treacherously (otherwise they could not) attacked Russian farmers who were developing areas of the present Stavropol Territory. At the end of the victorious war with Napoleon, Alexander I began a series of Caucasian wars. This step was prompted by constant Chechen robberies, robberies, massive cattle thefts, slave trade, attacks on military garrisons. These wars lasted until 1864, and acquired the greatest scope in 1834, when Imam Shamil became the head of the rebellious highlanders.

By the way, this character is now an example for every Chechen. Young Chechen pop stars are singing songs about the enemy of Russia, on whose conscience more than one liter of shed Orthodox blood is shed.

Shamil was caught and destroyed. Together with him, a number of rebellious imams were used up. When Field Marshal Paskevich took over the reins of the army, our army resorted to the "scorched earth" tactic - the rebellious auls were completely destroyed, and the population was completely destroyed. There was no other way out - only this helped to break the resistance of the Chechens. However, individual gang attacks were observed until the 1917 revolution. Well, "Nokhcho" cannot live differently.

Why did they hold on for so long? Maybe because they are strong, brave and smart? The answer to this question will be given by the following historical fact- already during the Civil War.

Anton Ivanovich Denikin, one of the main leaders of the White movement, was under the command of the so-called Wild Division, formed from Chechens and Ingush. "Savages" went to fight to him, thinking that in this way they oppose the Russian Empire. In the memoirs of a certain person with the significant surname Breshko-Breshkovsky, it was mentioned about the valor and invincibility of this division. Like, they all showed themselves to be just John Rimbaud during the First World War. There is no information about the personality of this Breshko-Breshkovsky in history, but his myth about the Wild Division remained.

In 1919, Denikin sent these "terminators" under the leadership of General Revishin to Ukraine to suppress Makhno's uprising. A wild cavalry division, reinforced by several marching squadrons and artillery, was in the second echelon strike group... Moving through the territory of Ukraine, they really made themselves afraid - they robbed the local population, raped women, slaughtered adults and children.

And in the very first real battle, the Chechen-Ingush "army" was practically destroyed. In that battle, the opponents repeatedly met in hand-to-hand combat, and at the end of the battle the Makhnovists shot several native squadrons from tachan machine guns. The "Wild Division" lost more than a thousand soldiers, and the Makhnovist insurgents - about forty. This is how eyewitnesses of those events portrayed the defeat of the Chechens:

- "with one blow, the head, neck and half of the body were cut, or half of the head was beveled as accurately as if they were cutting a watermelon."

- “The wounds of the Chechens were mostly fatal. I myself saw the severed skulls, I saw the hand severed clean, the shoulder chopped up to the 3-4th rib - only well-trained cavalry soldiers could chop like that. "

After that, the surviving Chechens categorically declared that they did not want to fight anymore, they voluntarily abandoned their posts and Denikin's army and went to their Caucasus. General Revishin later managed to create another Wild Division, but there was no semblance of discipline in it - only primitive robbery remained - the main craft of the Chechens from century to century. The collective was named the Chechen Horse and was transferred to the Crimea. What they were doing there was excellently and succinctly described by General Slashchev-Krymsky:

- “Magnificent robbers in the rear, these mountaineers of the Red raid at the beginning of February on Tyup-Dzhankoy slept superbly, and then fled just as magnificently, abandoning all six guns. There were so few Reds that the counterattack I launched did not even find them, but found only the guns that had fallen through the ice. I especially felt sorry for the two lungs: the castles and panoramas were blown away red and the bodies of the guns remained. "

And summed up the Chechen "feats" of the Civil War, the officer of the Wild Division Dmitry de Witte.

“The specific weight of a Chechen as a warrior is small; by nature, he is an abrek robber, and, moreover, not one of the brave: he always plans a weak sacrifice for himself, and in case of victory over her, he becomes cruel to the point of sadism. In battle, his only engine is the thirst for robbery, as well as the feeling of animal fear of the officer. A stubborn and prolonged battle, especially on foot, they do not withstand and easily, like everyone wild man, at the slightest failure, they panic. Having served for about a year among the Chechens and having visited them at home in the villages, I think that I will not be mistaken in asserting that all the beautiful and noble customs of the Caucasus and adats of antiquity were created not by them and not for them, but, obviously, by more cultured and gifted tribes ".

Under Soviet rule, Chechnya was given a lot of land, and Sharia was recognized. The area began to develop. In 1925 the first Chechen newspaper appeared. In 1928 - Chechen radio. Illiterate Chechens began to learn the alphabet. In Grozny, two pedagogical and two oil technical schools were opened, and then the first national theater. True, it did not work to create a Chechen intelligentsia. Why - and look who is the worst student at the institutes. In MGIMO, RSSU, RSUH, for example, the most stupid are the Chechens, Ingush and, for some reason, the Vietnamese.

How did the descendants of the Wild Division thank the Soviet authorities? Terror and pogroms of power institutions, disruption of grain procurement in the lowland parts of Dagestan and Ingushetia, the demand to replace the elected bodies of Soviet power with the elders of Chechen teips. In total, from 1920 to 1941, 12 major armed uprisings (involving from 500 to 5000 bandits) and more than 50 less significant ones took place on the territory of Chechnya and Ingushetia alone.

Now let's jump over to terrible years Great Patriotic War. From June 22 to September 3, 1941, over 40 rebel manifestations were recorded. By February 1943, bandit formations in 20 villages of Chechnya numbered more than 6,540 people. And this is the most difficult time for the country. So, was it really unjustified the decree of the State Defense Committee of the USSR No. 5073 of January 31, 1944 on the liquidation of the Chechen-Ingush Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic and deportation from the places permanent residence Chechens, Ingush, Karachais, Balkars?

Only in 1957, the Supreme Soviet of the USSR issued a resolution on the restoration of the Chechen-Ingush Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic and allowed the repressed peoples to return to their historical homeland. The Chechen issue came up again. Despite the fact that in the shortest possible time the Russians brought the region to the pre-war level of oil production and industrial development, the attitude of the locals towards them did not change. The more indigenous people came, the more Russian hard workers left, not wanting to risk their lives. In the 90s - when there were almost no Russians left in Chechnya - production, economics, and science were finally stopped for them.

Why, then, neither tsarist Russia, nor Soviet, nor modern Russia were able to finally suppress Chechnya? After all, the Chechens are still warriors. And try to remove cockroaches without the help of chemistry. You slap them with a slipper, and new ones creep out from under the plinth, and even hiding behind females of cockroaches. You think whether it is worth killing females, it's a pity, but at this time, under the baseboard, these insects are desperately copulating, dreaming that their children will quickly grow up and climb on you. Cockroaches do not have human morality, they are ready to go to any meanness and baseness. And you have morality - you don't want to take "Dichlorvos".

It is also hard to fight the Chechens because of their "code of male honor" - this code has nothing to do with chivalry. Blood feud, for example, is a monstrous archaism in the 21st century, in Chechnya it is the norm of behavior. A Chechen is forbidden to make mistakes. Having made a mistake, he will resist and insist on his own righteousness to the end. This is hammered into them from their young nails: I remember that in the first grade a Chechen boy took a pencil case from a classmate. She asked him back and received the same pencil case on the head. The teacher tried to force the boy to apologize, but the little beast stood all day in the corner without uttering a word. They are also forbidden to look funny - so that home-grown Petrosyans will never appear in Chechnya. They gradually develop KVN culture, but there is nothing funny about it. It is forbidden to forgive - this is absolute savagery, in the Chechen language there are not even the words "mercy" and "forgiveness".

It is forbidden to play. In the 90s, when I was boxing, bearded people came up to me before sparring.

Hey, listen, right now you will fight with my nephew - lose to him, otherwise you will regret it.

Don't give a fuck!

On that day, I thrashed the Chechen so that I received a scolding from the coach - not to cripple, they say, my own, because the competition is coming soon. I had to spend the night in the coaching room, without food. But the next day, when friends came to pick me up in three cars, and there was not a single bearded face in the neighborhood, I got a kind of moral satisfaction.

So should we rebuild Chechnya for them? Is it worth raising their culture? Is it worth showing the unfunny Chechen KVN team on television? Is it worth developing football and making the Terek club (which is not called a “political project” by the fans) a full-fledged team?

Speaking of football: in the opening match of the 2008 season, the entire stadium in Grozny booed deafeningly Russian Anthem... Listening then this whistle, I realized: Russia will have to take Tapok more than once. Today, against the background of the latest statements and actions of Kadyrov, I have become stronger in this thought.

“I have seen many peoples, but such rebellious and unyielding Chechens do not exist on earth, and the way to conquering the Caucasus lies through the conquest of the Chechens, or rather, through their complete destruction.”

"Sovereign! .. The mountain peoples by example of their independence in the most subjects of your imperial majesty give rise to a rebellious spirit and love of independence."

N.F. Dubrovin, "History of War and Russian Dominion in the Caucasus":

“The Chechens are unquestionably the bravest people in the Eastern Mountains. Traveling to their lands has always cost us huge bloody sacrifices. But this tribe was never completely imbued with Muridism. Of all the mountaineers, they alone forced Shamil, who ruled despotically in Dagestan, to make them a thousand concessions in the form of government, public duties and ritual strictness of faith. "

A. Dumas. Caucasus. (Paris, 1859):

Chechens- excellent riders - can overcome in just one night one hundred twenty, one hundred thirty or even one hundred and fifty miles. Their horses, without slowing down - always at a gallop - storm such slopes, where, it would seem, it would not be possible to walk even on foot. A highlander riding a horse never looks at the road in front of him: if there is a crevice on the way, which his horse does not dare to overcome immediately, the Chechen wraps the horse's head with a cloak and, trusting himself to the Almighty, makes the pacer jump over a chasm up to twenty feet deep.

The unenviable state of affairs in the foothills of the Caucasus was outlined by Professor S.N. Rukavishnikov in his report, read on October 11, 1912 at a meeting of the Society of Zealots of History:
“Although the Caucasus has been conquered by Russia, it is not completely pacified. The Muslim peoples inhabiting it in the wilderness of their villages breathe irreconcilable hatred of Russia and are waiting only for an opportunity to defend Islam ... The entire history of the Caucasus shows that the focus of all unrest in the Caucasus ... is Dagestan and, in particular, Chechnya, which, thanks to its geographical situation, until now it is a completely isolated, impregnable, wild country ... "According to Rukavishnikov, the authorities (then - St. Petersburg) and the local Caucasian administration were to blame for everything, which does not even try to introduce Chechnya to the benefits of modern culture, to link it with foreign the world at least by some roads. “Under the influence of all these circumstances, as well as thanks to the natural ardent and ardent character of the Chechens, the latter developed a militant, freedom-loving and fanatical tribe that easily succumbed to the propaganda of hatred of Muslims towards the“ giaours, ”the professor concluded.

General Mikhail Orlov, 1826:

“It is just as impossible to subdue the Chechens, how to smooth over the Caucasus. Who, besides us, can boast that he saw the Eternal War? "

Maxim Shevchenko:

“Chechens are the most educated people in Russian Federation... By virtue of national characteristics, due to their closeness and conservatism, the Chechens were able to turn the Kazakh exile into an opportunity for an innovative breakthrough. While many peoples of the Caucasus and the Caucasus, having fallen into exile, practically perished, the minimally Russified Chechens managed to intensify their lives and sharply, leapfrogging, many times increase the level of education. The Chechens came to the situation of the 90s by organically belonging to the high-tech part of the Soviet elite. Let me remind you that many ministers in the raw materials industries, oil and oil and gas, gas production, were Chechens and Ingush. "

V. Potto, XIX century:

“Someone justly noted that in the type of Chechen, in his moral character, there is something that resembles a Wolf. The Lion and the Eagle depict strength, they go to the weak, and the Wolf goes to the stronger than himself, replacing everything in the latter case with boundless audacity, courage and dexterity. And once he gets into hopeless trouble, he dies in silence, expressing neither fear, nor pain, nor groan "

Vadim Belotserkovsky, 22.02.08:

“As for the Chechens, they, in my opinion, for the most part have an increased potential of courage, energy and love of freedom. At the end of the first Chechen war, I wrote in the then still “Nezavisimaya Gazeta” that the Chechens represent in their qualities, including intellectual data, a kind of fluctuation of positive properties. I am familiar with many Chechens of different positions and ages, and I am always amazed at their intelligence, wisdom, composure and persistence. One of the components of the above-mentioned fluctuation seems to me to be the fact that the Chechens, the only ones among the peoples of the Russian Empire, did not have an aristocracy, never knew serfdom, and for about three hundred years they have been living without feudal princes. "

Jan Chesnov:

Chechens are a small people, their country does not occupy much space on the geographical map. But on the ethnic map, on the map of peoples and cultures, Chechnya is a civilization comparable in status to, say, Russia's. This sounds extremely unexpected, but it is.

Prediction from an 18th century codex:

“... Like a whip that fell out of the hands of a rider caught in a sandstorm, the Chechens will disappear ... However, the same wind that blew in reverse side, will carry away the sand and the whip will reappear on a white light. So the Chechens will disappear into oblivion for a while, will rise again for good and justice and will live to the Day of Judgment. "

General M.Ya. Olshevsky:

“We tried to destroy the Chechens, as our enemies, by all means and even turn their advantages into disadvantages. We considered them people to be extremely fickle, gullible, insidious and treacherous because they did not want to fulfill our demands, inconsistent with their concepts, morals, customs and way of life. We denigrated them so much because they did not want to dance to our tune, the sounds of which were too harsh and deafening for them ... "

Johann Blaramberg, "The Caucasian Manuscript":

“... If there were no reasons for discord among them, the Chechens would become very dangerous neighbors, and it is not without reason to apply to them what Thucydides said about the ancient Scythians:“ There is no people in Europe or Asia who could resist them if the latter joined forces "

Joseph Kobzon:

... But there is upbringing: respect for an elder, respect for a friend, respect for a woman, obedience to the law. Respect for religion, and not fictitious, not far-fetched, but real. I love and respect the Vainakhs very much. And they show me the most good relations, if only for the simple reason that in all my long life I have never betrayed this people in word or deed. Chechens are courageous, invincible, morally pure people... And the bandits? So they are among the Russians, bandits and Jews have enough ...

… And when my son or daughter starts to contradict me, I say: “You should have been sent to Chechnya for upbringing, you would have learned to respect your parents… I like this culture.

Dmitry Panin , a descendant of an ancient noble family, a Russian scientist and religious philosopher who spent 16 years in Stalin's camps. In the 70s, his book "Lubyanka - Ekibastuz" was published in the West, which literary critics call "a phenomenon of Russian literature, equal to" Notes from the House of the Dead "by F.M. Dostoevsky ". Here is what he writes in this book about the Chechens:

“The most successful and witty was the escape (from the Special Camp in Kazakhstan - VM) of two prisoners during a strong storm. During the day, shafts of compressed snow poured, the barbed wire was brought in, and the prisoners walked along it as if on a bridge. The wind blew on their backs: they unbuttoned their jackets and pulled them with their hands like sails. Wet snow forms a solid road: during the blizzard they managed to cover more than two hundred kilometers and reach the village. There they spat rags with numbers and mingled with the local population. They were lucky: they were Chechens; they gave them hospitality. Chechens and Ingush are closely related to each other Caucasian peoples of the Muslim religion.

Their representatives in the vast majority are determined and courageous people. They viewed Hitler as a liberator from the shackles of Stalinism, and when the Germans were driven out of the Caucasus, Stalin evicted these and other minorities to Kazakhstan and Central Asia. Children, the elderly and weak people were killed, but great tenacity and a keen sense of life allowed the Chechens to resist during the barbaric resettlement. The main strength of the Chechens was loyalty to their religion. They tried to settle in groups, and in each village the most educated of them took on the duty of a mullah. They tried to resolve disputes and quarrels among themselves, without bringing them to the Soviet court; the girls were not allowed to go to school, the boys went to it for a year or two to learn only to write and read, and after that no fines helped. The simplest business protest helped the Chechens win the battle for their people. Children were brought up in religious beliefs, albeit extremely simplified, in respect for their parents, for their people, for their customs, and in hatred of the godless Soviet cauldron in which they did not want to cook for any bait. At the same time, clashes invariably arose, protests were expressed. Petty Soviet satraps were doing a dirty business, and many Chechens were caught behind barbed wire. We also had reliable, courageous and resolute Chechens with us. There were no informers among them, and if they did appear, they turned out to be short-lived. More than once I had the opportunity to be convinced of the loyalty of Muslims. When I was a brigadier, I chose the Ingush Idris as my assistant, and I was always calm, knowing that the rear was reliably protected and every order would be carried out by the brigade. I was in exile in Kazakhstan at the height of the development of virgin lands, when, having received five hundred rubles of lifting. Representatives of the underworld rushed there. The party organizer of the state farm, frightened for his life, hired three Chechens as his bodyguards for a lot of money. To all the Chechens there, he was disgusting with his actions, but once they promised, they kept their word, and, thanks to their protection, the party organizer remained safe and sound. Later, when I was free, I many times set the Chechens as an example to my acquaintances and offered to learn from them the art of defending their children, protecting them from the pernicious influence of the godless, unprincipled government. What was so simple and natural for illiterate Muslims was broken by the desire of educated and semi-educated Soviet Russians to give a higher education to their, as a rule, only child. It was impossible for ordinary people to stand up for their children alone, with the driven atheism and the bloodless, crushed, almost everywhere closed Church. "

*****

“The space bounded by the main ridge of the mountains, rr. Andean Koisu, Sulak, the Caspian Sea and rr. Terek, Assoy and Daut-Martan. The main population of this space is the Chechen tribe, the strongest, most violent and militant of all Caucasian peoples ... "

“The movement of the highlanders of the North-Eastern Caucasus in the 20-50s. 19th century ". Makhachkala 1959, Dagestan branch of the USSR Academy of Sciences, p. 280, document No. 154. General Pullo's memo on the situation on the left flank of the Caucasian line from 1834 to 1840. and the measures necessary to consolidate the power of the tsarist government over the mountaineers. 1840 "

Speaking about the settlement of these lands by Chechens, professor P. I. Kovalevsky wrote that they “... little by little began to descend from the mountains and gradually occupy the Kumyk area for their auls. This is how a number of auls were formed from the Kachkalykovsky ridge and almost to Kizlyar along the Terek, forming the Kachkalykovsky Chechnya ”(23). Their influence in Aukha and throughout the Terek-Sulak interfluve was so great that, as General V. Potto wrote, "... not one of the Kumyk princes ... dared to leave without being accompanied by a Chechen."

The flatness or, more correctly, the sloping northern slopes of the Caucasian ridge, covered with forests and fertile valleys and inhabited in the eastern part by the Chechen tribe, the most warlike of the mountain tribes, have always constituted the heart, the granary and the most powerful recruitment of the hostile coalition of mountains.

E. Selderetsky. Conversations about the Caucasus. Part 1, Berlin, 1870:

Shamil, knowing well the price of these foothills and choosing his residence initially for Dargo, and then for Vedeno, apparently tried to stay closer to Chechnya than all his other possessions. The significance of these foothills was also understood by the Commander-in-Chief, Prince Baryatinsky, who concentrated all our strikes on the Chechen lands, with the fall of which in April 1859 densely populated Dagestan could not resist for half a year, although rested from our offensive operations, which were terminated by Dagestan since 1849. ...

Abstracts of reports and messages of the All-Union scientific conference on June 20-22, 1989 Makhachkala, 1989, p. 23:

The government commission of Russia, having studied the issue of attracting them to serve in the Russian army, reported in 1875: “The Chechens ... the most belligerent and dangerous mountaineers of the North Caucasus are ... ready-made soldiers, which military service is hardly anything in the sense of a dashing ride and the ability to wield weapons ... Chechens literally from childhood get used to communicating with weapons ... Shooting at night at a glance: to the sound, to the light shows a clear advantage of the mountaineers in this over trained Cossacks and especially soldiers. "

.“Conquered Caucasus. Essays on the historical past and modern Caucasus of St. Petersburg. 1904 Caspari):

“Chechens, both men and women, are extremely handsome in appearance. They are tall, very slender, their physiognomy, especially their eyes, are expressive; in their movements the Chechens are agile, dexterous; by nature, they are all very impressionable, cheerful and witty, for which they are called "the French of the Caucasus", but at the same time they are suspicious, hot-tempered, treacherous, insidious, vindictive. When they strive for their goal, all means are good for them. At the same time, the Chechens are indomitable, unusually hardy, brave in attack, defense and persecution. These are predators, which are few among the proud knights of the Caucasus; and they themselves do not hide this, choosing the wolf among the animal kingdom as their ideal "

Nemirovich-Danchenko V. Along Chechnya:

“The nice sides of the Chechens are reflected in their epics and songs. Poor in the number of words, but extremely figurative language of this tribe seems to have been created, according to knowledgeable researchers of the Andean range, for legend and fairy tale - naive and instructive at the same time. Humiliated boasters, punished envious people and predators, the triumph of the magnanimous, albeit sometimes weak, respect for a woman who is an assistant to her husband and comrade — these are the roots of folk art in Chechnya. Add to this the wit of a mountaineer, his ability to joke and understand a joke, gaiety, which even the difficult current situation of this tribe has not mastered, and you, of course, with all your respect for the uniform moralists, will agree with me that Chechens are a people as a people, nothing worse, and perhaps even better than any other who distinguishes from his midst such virtuous and merciless judges. The abilities of this tribe are beyond doubt. Of the Caucasian intellectuals, there are already many Chechens in schools and gymnasiums. Where they study - they will not be praised enough. Those who arrogantly humiliate an incomprehensible mountaineer must at the same time agree (...) that when talking to a simple Chechen, you feel that you are dealing with a person sensitive to such phenomena of social life, which are almost inaccessible to our peasant in the middle provinces. "

V.A. Potto. Historical sketch of the Caucasian wars ... (Tiflis, 1899):

The Chechens have always been a formidable adversary. They fought with us for life and death.

S. Belyaev, diary of a Russian soldier who was held captive by the Chechens for ten months:

“The Chechens are very poor, but they never go for alms, they don’t like to ask, and this is their moral superiority over the mountaineers. Chechens never give orders to their own people, but say, "I would need this, I would like to eat, I will do it, I will go, I will find out if God willing." There are almost no swear words in the local language ... "

A.A. Bestuzhev-Marlinsky in "Letter to Dr. Erman":

“… The Chechens did not burn houses, did not deliberately trample the fields, did not break vineyards. "Why destroy the gift of God and the labor of man," they said ... And this rule of the mountain "robber" is a valor that the most educated peoples could be proud of, if they had it ... "

There are legends about the courage, unbridledness and disobedience of the Chechens. But what made them so? Perhaps the history of the Chechen people should be considered in a historical context.

"Merciless as Tigers"

The turn of the XVII-XVIII centuries was marked by numerous wars of Russia with Turkey, Persia, as well as with the Crimean Khanate. Since our country was separated from the enemies by the Caucasus Range, it was strategically important to seize control over it. But it turned out to be not so easy. The highlanders did not want to be subdued at all. So, in 1732, the Chechens attacked the Russian battalion, which was making the transition from Dagestan to the Stavropol Territory. From 1785 to 1791, Chechen gangs more than once perfidiously attacked Russian military garrisons, peaceful farmers who were developing the lands of present-day Stavropol. The confrontation between the Russians and the Chechens reached its peak in 1834, when Imam Shamil stood at the head of the rebels. The Russian army, led by Field Marshal Paskevich, resorted to the "scorched earth" tactics: the auls, whose population was on the side of the rebels, were destroyed, and their inhabitants were completely destroyed ... In general, the resistance of the Chechens was broken, but individual "sabotage" against the Russians continued until the revolution 1917 of the year. “They amaze with their mobility, agility, dexterity. In the war, they rush into the middle of the column, a terrible massacre begins, because the Chechens are agile and merciless like tigers, "writes VA Potto in his book" The Caucasian War in Selected Essays, Episodes, Legends and Biographies "(1887). When, during one of the battles, the Russians offered the Chechens to surrender, they replied: "We do not want mercy, we ask the Russians for one favor - let them let our families know that we died, as we lived, not submitting to someone else's power."

"Wild division"

During the Civil War, many Chechens and Ingush joined the Wild Division under the command of General Denikin. In 1919, this "division" staged a real massacre in Ukraine, where it went to suppress the uprising of Makhno. True, in the very first battle with the Makhnovists, the "savages" were defeated. After that, the Chechens announced that they did not want to fight at Denikin's place anymore and returned to their Caucasus without permission. Soon, Soviet power was formally established in the Caucasus. However, from 1920 to 1941, 12 major armed uprisings against the Bolsheviks and more than 50 smaller-scale riots took place on the territory of Chechnya and Ingushetia. During the war years, a number of sabotage by the local population led to the abolition of the Chechen-Ingush Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic and the deportation of local residents.

"Come free!"

Why has it always been so hard with the Chechens? Because the foundations of their culture are fundamentally different from ours. So, they still have a blood feud. Moreover, a Chechen has no right to admit his mistakes. Having made a mistake, he will still insist on his own righteousness to the very end. It is also forbidden to forgive your enemies. At the same time, the Chechen people have the concept of "nohchalla", which means "to be a Chechen." It includes a set of ethical rules adopted in Chechen society. According to him, a Chechen must be restrained, laconic, unhurried, careful in his statements and assessments. The norm is the offer of help to those who need it, mutual assistance, hospitality, respect for any person, regardless of his relationship, faith or origin. But at the same time, "nohchalla" implies a rejection of any coercion. Since childhood, Chechens have been raised as warriors and defenders. Even the ancient Chechen greeting says: "Come free!" Nokhchalla is not only an inner feeling of freedom, but also a willingness to defend it at any cost.4 The old Chechen song, which later became the anthem of “free Ichkeria,” says: Rather, granite rocks, like lead, will melt, Than hordes of enemies will make us bow down! Rather, the earth will kindle in flames, Than we will appear in the grave, having sold our honor! We will never submit to anyone. Death or Freedom - we will achieve one of the two. The Chechens themselves claim that among them there are true bearers of the "holy traditions of the Vainakhs" - adats - and there are those who have departed from these canons. By the way, the word "Vainakh" means "our man". And once upon a time a person of any nationality could become "their" for the Chechens. But, of course, subject to their customs. Those Chechens who are engaged in robbery and robbery who become terrorists are not "true Vainakhs." They use their powerful temperament for unworthy purposes. But to judge the whole Chechen people by them is a big mistake.

Chechens, nohchiy(self-name), people in the Russian Federation, the main population of Chechnya.

According to the 2002 population census, 1 million 361 thousand Chechens live in Russia. According to the 2010 Census - 1 million 431 thousand. They also live in Ingushetia, Dagestan, Stavropol Territory, Volgograd Region, Kalmykia, Astrakhan, Saratov, Tyumen regions, North Ossetia, Moscow, as well as in Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Ukraine, etc.

Ethnonym

In Armenian sources of the 7th century, Chechens are mentioned under the name "nakhcha matyan" ("speakers of the Nokhchi language"). In documents of the 16-17 centuries there are tribal names of Chechens ( residents of Ichkerin, okoki, shubuts, etc..). The name Chechens was a Russian transliteration of Kabardian "shehees" and came from the name of the village of Big Chechen.

Language

Chechens speak the Chechen language of the Nakh group of the Nakh-Dagestan branch of the North Caucasian language family... Dialects: flat, akkinsky, cheberloevsky, melkhinsky, itumkalinsky, galanchozhsky, kistinsky. Russian is also widespread. Writing after 1917, first on the basis of Arabic, then Latin, and since 1938 - on the basis of the Russian alphabet.

Religion

Believers Chechens - Sunni Muslims... Sufi teachings of two flavors are widespread - nakshbandi and nadiri. The main deities of the pre-Muslim pantheon were the god of the sun and sky of Deeds, the god of thunder and lightning Sela, the patron saint of cattle breeding Gal-Erdy, hunting - Elta, the goddess of fertility Tusholi, god underworld Estr. Islam penetrates Chechnya in the 13th century through The Golden Horde and Dagestan. Fully Chechens converted to Islam in the 18th century. An important element of Chechen society is the Sufi vird communities, together with the tribal clans (teips), although the priority social role nowadays ordinary civil institutions are playing.

Traditional occupations

Agriculture and cattle breeding. Chechens bred sheep, cattle, and thoroughbred horses for riding... Economic specialization existed between the mountainous and lowland regions of Chechnya: receiving bread from the plains, the mountain Chechens sold surplus livestock in return. Jewelry and blacksmith's crafts, mining, silk production, and bone and horn processing were also developed.

clothing

Traditional men's clothing Chechens - shirt, pants, beshmet, Circassian... Hats for men are tall, widening upward hats made of valuable fur. The hat was considered the personification male dignity, knocking her down attracted a blood feud.

The main elements of women's clothing for Chechen women are a shirt and pants.... The shirt had a tunic-like cut, sometimes below the knees, sometimes down to the ground. The color of clothing was determined by the status of a woman, and differed among married, unmarried and widows.