How does the break-off relate to the stolts. The meaning of life according to Oblomov

Additional questions for the analysis of this episode:

· After what circumstances did Oblomov rebel against "your life in St. Petersburg"?

· How are the familiar images-symbols (sofa, robe, shoes) played out throughout the scene?

· Why at the beginning of the dispute in his accusatory statements Oblomov opposes two concepts: "light" and "life"? Did Andrey understand this?

· Why does Oblomov speak long speeches for most of the "fight", while Stolz only parries them with short, biting blows, adding fuel to the fire, and in the process of dialogue, friends practically change places twice?

· What does each of the characters consider "life"?

· How does the ideal outlined by Oblomov differ from Oblomovka's life and the subsequent stay of Ilya Ilyich in Pshenitsyna's house?

· What was Stolz convinced of? How did he rouse Oblomov's soul?

· How did Oblomov, in turn, touch Andrei's soul at the end of the scene?

· Why is it important to look at the beginning of the next, 5th chapter?

Episode analysis (part 2, chapter 4)

A dispute between friends erupted at the moment when Stolz once again calls Oblomov somewhere to go, do something, and they drive around for a whole week on all sorts of business. “Oblomov protested, complained, argued, but was carried away and accompanied his friend everywhere,” the author writes. But on the next evening, "returning from somewhere late," Oblomov exploded: "I don't like your life in St. Petersburg!" After Stolz's question: "Which one do you like?" - Oblomov burst out with a sharp, caustic and long monologue about senseless vanity, in which there is no "wholeness" and there is no person who "exchanged for every little thing." Oblomov's long satirical speeches expose light and society, and gambling games without the "task of life", and youth activities, and the absence of a "clear, calm look," and "deep sleep," in which the really fussy and active is immersed in first glance, society. In this monologue, only occasionally interrupted by Andrey with short, sharp objections or questions, Oblomov's remarkable intelligence and satirical talent is revealed.

Ilya Ilyich's monologue ends with a key phrase: "No, this is not life, but a distortion of the norm, the ideal of life, which nature has indicated as a goal for man ..." To Andrey's question, what is this ideal, Oblomov found an answer not immediately, but only after a long dialogue with short remarks from both. Stolz in this dialogue ironically mocks Oblomov's awkward attempts to explain at least something to a friend, but then, apparently infuriated by this irony, Ilya Ilyich begins to describe in detail how he would “spend his days”. This description is long, kind and poetic, even a dryish Stolz remarks: "You are a poet, Ilya!" Inspired, Oblomov, who seized the initiative at this time of the conversation, exclaims: “Yes, a poet in life, because life is poetry. People are free to distort it. " Oblomov's ideal is not in immobility, into which he seems to have plunged now, Ilya in this story, on the contrary, is very mobile and poetic, this ideal is that everything should be “to your liking,” sincerely, honestly, freely, measuredly, “what's in eyes, in words, then in the heart. " And he, Oblomov, actively participates in this life: he makes and gives his wife a bouquet, conducts a conversation with sincere friends, fishes, takes a gun, although, of course, Oblomov's immobility and gluttony often slip in this story. "That's life!" - sums up Oblomov and immediately stumbles upon an alternative answer: "This is not life!" And it is at this moment that the word "Oblomovism", which is uttered by Stolz, appears on the stage of the novel for the first time. Then, with each new objection by Oblomov, he repeats this word in different interpretations, while not finding more convincing arguments against Oblomov's logic that all of Stoltsev's “running around in launches” is the same “dressing up rest”, has the same goal: “Everything looking for rest and peace. "

Here Stolz still manages to seize the initiative by reminding him of the joint dreams of his youth, after which Oblomov's confidence disappears, he begins to speak unconvincingly, with numerous pauses (the author uses ellipses), hesitations. He still sluggishly resists: "So when to live? .. Why should I suffer the whole century?" Stolz replies dryly and meaninglessly: "For labor itself." Here, too, the author is not on Stolz's side, because work as an end in itself is really meaningless. In fact, the heroes at this moment remain in their positions. And here Stolz again uses the only winning technique - once again reminds Ilya of childhood, dreams, hopes, ending these reminders with a supporting phrase: "Now or never!" Reception works flawlessly. Oblomov is moved and begins his sincere and pure confession about the absence of a high goal, about the extinction of life, about the loss of pride. “Either I didn’t understand this life, or it’s no good, and I didn’t know anything better ...” Oblomov's sincerity unsettled Andrei's soul, he seemed to swear to a friend “I will not leave you ...” At the end of Chapter 4, it seems that the fight remained with Stolz, but at the beginning of the 5th there is a comic decline and, in fact, the destruction of this "victory".

Stolz's Alternative "Now or Never!" goes for Oblomov into Hamlet's question “To be or not to be?”, but at first Oblomov wants to write something (to start acting), took a pen, but there was no ink in the inkwell, and paper on the table, and then, when it seemed , decided to answer Hamlet's question in the affirmative, "I got up from the chair, but did not immediately hit the shoe with my foot, and sat down again." The lack of ink and paper and not falling into a shoe return Oblomov to his former life.

There will still be the whole story with Olga ahead, the internal struggle in Oblomov's soul is far from over, but in the history of the relationship between Oblomov and Stolz, and in the possible fate of Oblomov after this scene, accents have already been placed. Even I. Goncharov himself, who believed in the possibility of combining Oblomov soulfulness with Stoltsev's efficiency and practicality in a Russian person, seems to understand at this point in his narration that the heroes will remain where they are: neither from Oblomov, nor from Stolz, as the author originally wanted , such an ideal will not work. One will be hindered by laziness, contemplation and poetry, which are incompatible with modern everyday heroes, the other - winglessness and refusal to think about the meaning of life. The author and the reader are painfully aware after this dispute that the true ideal, which would combine purity and efficiency, is unattainable. This is why, despite the fact that the heroes still have many trials, this debate about the ideal can be considered a key episode of the novel. This will happen later, when each of the heroes will find their own "peace": Oblomov - first a cozy and satisfying, but devoid of poetry house of Agafya Matveyevna Pshenitsyna, and then death, and Stolz - a quiet haven with Olga suffering from the loss of the meaning of life, who did not recognize in time of his possible happiness with Oblomov.

In an episode of a dispute between friends, the main question is the purpose and meaning of a person's life, and it is this question that is decisive for the whole novel. As a true great artist, I. Goncharov poses this eternal question, and leaves the answer open. Therefore, it must be admitted that no one won the dispute between friends in the considered episode of the great novel.

The remarkable Russian writer I.A.Goncharov entered the history of literature as a person who was able to perfectly capture the process of spiritual death of a person in his unique work. The image of Oblomov is Goncharov's greatest achievement. This type, in general, is not new for Russian literature. We meet with him both in the comedy "Lazy" by Fonvizin, and in "The Marriage" by Gogol. But most fully and multifacetedly he is embodied in the image of Oblomov from the novel of the same name by Goncharov.

We get acquainted with Oblomov from the first pages of the novel, where a lazy person, devoid of any external movement, appears to the reader's eyes, his extraordinary fate is drawn, without the slightest adventure and intrigue. The reader involuntarily asks the question of why the author creates a hero who at first does not attract him with his life. A little later, Goncharov gives an answer, describing Oblomov's dream, which takes us into his childhood. It is childhood that is the prehistory of the protagonist's entire uncomplicated life. His childhood was spent in a quiet serene paradise - Oblomovka. There, the child was brought up to regard work as a punishment that must be avoided at the slightest opportunity. So, for example, on Ilyushenka’s initiative to go for something, we meet the bewilderment of his mother: “How ?! What for? And what are the servants for? " Hence Oblomov's inability to take care of himself. The fairy tales that his beloved parents told him, about rivers of milk, a sweet life, about the fact that you need to live for your pleasure, doing nothing, inspired Ilyushenka with the idea that you do not need to strive for anything, spend energy on something and time, there is always someone who will do it for you.

Unlike Oblomov, his friend Stolz's childhood was completely different. Andrei was brought up in a different environment: he knew that he had to achieve everything himself, not counting on someone else. Even then, Stolz formed a certain attitude towards life, he knows what he wants to achieve. In a word, this is a purposeful person who achieves the goal that he has set for himself.

Outwardly Oblomov is a full, bloated, sedentary person. His white and plump hands indicate that he has no idea what work is.

Stolz is a smart, energetic person, from whose eyes you can see that he enjoys life. He is ready to work even when he triples his capital. For him, life without movement is slow aging and spiritual death.

As you can see, even this small comparison is striking the opposite of the results. To fully make sure that Oblomov and Stolz are antipode heroes, let us turn to such an important topic as their attitude to love.

Stolz, returning from a business trip, sees what has become of his best friend, and decides to add variety to his boring life, to make it the way they both dreamed of in their youth.

With the acquaintance with Olga Ilyinskaya, Oblomov has a meaning in life. He becomes unrecognizable to the people around him. This is no longer the lazy Oblomov that appeared before us on the first pages of the novel. This is an energetic person who reads, walks and even (surprisingly for himself) dines at home less often. He has no need to sleep for an hour or two after dinner. He strives to devote all his free time to Olga. But doubts began to creep into his soul: “Does she love me?”; fears that Olga will soon stop loving him, because there is nothing to love him for, that this is too much happiness that has fallen to his lot, and soon it will end. And we notice how in a relatively short time Oblomov returns to his old habits, stops leaving the house - in general, turns into the same apathetic and withdrawn Oblomov as he was before meeting Olga.

Stolz loves selflessly, without asking questions: "why", "what if", "and if". He is in a hurry to enjoy the moment he lives now, without thinking about tomorrow.

A logical conclusion follows from these comparisons: Stolz and Oblomov are two different, completely opposite personalities. They have different habits, different views on life, on relationships between people. But meanwhile, this does not prevent them from being best friends. Yes, Stolz is more energetic, purposeful, independent, in contrast to the naive Oblomov. But he does not have that precious quality that Oblomov possesses: a loyal and kind heart, for which you can forgive him both his slowness and phlegmatic perception of life

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In childhood, they lived almost side by side - in neighboring villages - then, already being teenagers, They studied at a boarding school for noble children. Throughout their lives, fate brought these people together again and again. Who are we talking about, you ask? Of course, about Ilya Oblomov and Andrei Stoltz from Ivan Goncharov's novel Oblomov and their unusual friendship.

To understand the essence of the relationship of these diametrically opposite friends by nature, you need to trace their life throughout the work.

Oblomov's image: immersed in thoughtfulness

In order to understand how opposite in character Andrei Shtolts and Ilya Oblomov were, it is first necessary to follow the character of the first hero, whose last name is the whole novel. Ilya Ilyich appears before the readers as a slovenly and extremely lazy middle-aged man. His favorite place is the sofa, and his clothes are a dressing gown, which “had in Oblomov's eyes the darkness of invaluable virtues: it is soft, flexible; the body does not feel it on itself; he, like an obedient slave, obeys the slightest movement of the body ... "
The negligent decoration of the room, where, it would seem, order was observed, but upon close gaze a mass of external imperfections was revealed, even more emphasized the hero's infantilism. He had neither a definite goal in life, nor any clear plans, looking at his surroundings absentmindedly and thoughtfully.

Active and purposeful Stolz

Andrei Stolz was completely different. With youthful fervor, even in his youth, he explained his lessons to a slow and dreamy friend, tried to help so that Ilya would find himself in life. But his aspirations were not justified, because the teaching “had a strange effect on Ilya Ilyich: he had a whole abyss between science and life, which he did not try to cross. He had life by itself, and science by itself. "

Little Andryusha has been curious and very active since childhood. Any of his antics, up to the fact that the boy could leave for several days, while not causing the father's concern, were perceived by his parents without any panic. Without hindering his son to freely explore the world around him, dad contributed to the development of an integral, completely independent personality. Andrei Stolts is an amazing person to whom you feel sympathy from the very first lines. The hero of the novel, who loves life and strives for the future. This is how he is depicted on the pages of the work.

The reason for the friendship between Oblomov and Stolz

The reader, delving into the images of such absolutely opposite personalities, may have a fair question: how could they be friends? But maybe some will be surprised to learn that at first Andrei and Ilya were similar in character. But it was the upbringing, the environment in which the young friends lived that made them as different as the South and North. However, close comrades do an excellent job with their dissimilarity and complement each other perfectly.

These two people, different in temperament, were able to appreciate each other. Stolz sees in Oblomov his beautiful soul, and he, in turn, notices the best qualities of a real, devoted friend.

“… I have known many people with high qualities, but I have never met a purer, lighter and simpler heart; I loved many, but none as firmly and ardently as Oblomov. Having learned once, you cannot stop loving him ... ”- Andrei Ivanovich responds about Ilya Ilyich.

He loves his friend for his sincerity, considers him a very good person, even despite his imposing, apathy and laziness. Stolz hopes that someday it will be possible to remake Ilya Ilyich and is trying to take appropriate measures. But will he succeed?

Episodes from the novel: friendship between Stolz and Oblomov

Throughout the entire novel, Oblomov and Stolz go hand in hand, maintaining a sincere affection for each other. Let's consider some episodes from their lives.

Here Ilya and Andrey are small children. One of them is brave and active, the other is a little lazy, dreamy and fearful. Parents love their children immensely, but bring them up in different ways. Therefore, their fates are completely different ...

Here Andrei, "often, looking away from business or from the secular crowd, in the evening, from the ball goes to sit on Oblomov's wide sofa and in a lazy conversation to take away and calm down an anxious or tired soul." In the presence of Oblomov, the friend calms down, feels like a person who came "from the magnificent halls under his own modest shelter."

So they are engaged in a dialogue with each other, and Andrey cannot convince Ilya to become more alive, to go out into society, to tear himself away from his comfortable sofa, to change his mindset, to leave passivity, apathy and laziness, to become a full-fledged person ... “Like a lump of dough, curled up and you are lying down ”reproaches Stolz Oblomov, but he does not react to the remarks. However, Andrey is adamant in his decision to change the situation. “No, I won't leave you like that,” he says indignantly. In a week you will not recognize yourself. Already in the evening I will tell you a detailed plan of what I intend to do with myself and with you, and now get dressed ... "

Clever Stolz, behind a veil of indifference and laziness, was able to discern a philosopher in his friend, because he sometimes speaks very correct speeches. “Life: life is good! What to look for there? interests of the mind, the heart? Oblomov says to a friend. Look where the center around which all this revolves: there is none, there is nothing deep that touches the living. All these are dead people, sleeping people, worse than me, these members of the world and society! .. "

“You talk like an ancient one,” Stolz concludes. And yet, even that is good, at least you are reasoning, you are not sleeping. "

The shrewd Oblomov was tired of everything, therefore he tried to close himself in the shell of his ridiculous dreams and dreams and confine himself to staying in his own house, where everything is so familiar and familiar, where there is no fuss and feigned fun. But living according to his friend's plan is also extremely difficult for him ...

And here's another scene. "Now or never" says Stolz, and Oblomov makes a great effort on himself, deciding to follow his friend's advice and get a French passport. However, at that time he never left. But in his personal life, unexpected changes take place: Oblomov falls in love with Olga Ilyinskaya, a simple and at the same time noble woman. His friend Andrei also treats her with trepidation.

But Ilya Ilyich's approach to the girl is original: not wishing to flatter, here too he shows some kind of clumsiness, indifference to pompous phrases, and maybe even ignorance, saying: It costs me nothing to say: “Ah! I will be very glad, happy, you, of course, sing well ... it will give me ... But is it really necessary? "

Finally Olga began to sing, and Oblomov could not resist an enthusiastic "Ah". “Do you hear? Stolz told her. Tell me honestly, Ilya: how long has this happened to you? " He asked his enamored friend. Unfortunately, Oblomov's infantilism eventually prevailed over his bright feelings for Olga Ilyinskaya. He could not, and did not want to overcome his natural laziness and become the husband of this beautiful woman. In the end, it was Andrei Stolts who took Olga as his wife, who, it turns out, was also in love with her, but did not want to interfere with his friend's happiness.

The time for change comes, and Oblomov marries Agafya, the widow of the collegiate secretary of Pshenitsyn, an economic woman, kind and intelligent, who devotedly looked after him during times of illness and depression. His life again goes on measuredly and smoothly. Agafya surrounds her husband with care and maintains complete order in the house. Well, what about Stolz?

Unfortunately, the last meeting of friends after five years was very sad. "Killed!" - Andrey Ivanovich lamented about his friend, seeing him in an extremely difficult state of mind. He was also shocked by the fact that Agafya was Ilya's wife. With this unexpected news, it was as if a stone wall had opened between friends, and Stolz realized that his friend would never leave Oblomovka. But nevertheless, he heeded Ilya Ilyich's requests "not to forget his son Andrei." And he gave himself his word to lead the boy on a completely different path, and with him "bring their youthful dreams into action."

This kind of friendship is very important.

After following the relationship between Oblomov and Stolz, we can conclude that such friendship is also necessary and useful, because they surprisingly complemented each other and supported each other in difficult moments of life. It is a pity, of course, that Ilya Oblomov died, unable to cope with internal apathy and a lazy lifestyle, but after him there was a son who was taken up by his best and faithful friend - Andrei Ivanovich. This time he helped Ilya - now by adopting his own blood and giving the child a chance for a full, meaningful life. But how could it have happened otherwise? After all, the friendship of Ilya and Andrei has always been real.

Oblomov and Stolz: similarities and differences

Introduction

I.A. Goncharov in his novel Oblomov wanted to contrast two cultures: Russian and Western. The entire work is based on the antithesis technique. As this antithesis, the author presents two characters: Oblomov and Stolz. In Russian literature, there are many works built in this way, for example, "Eugene Onegin", "A Hero of Our Time" and others. There are similar examples in foreign literature too.

Miguel de Cervantes' novel Don Quixote resonates most with Oblomov. It describes the same case of contradiction between reality and a person's idea of ​​an ideal life, which extends to the outside world. Hidalgo, like Ilya Ilyich, is all immersed in dreams. Oblomov is surrounded by antipodes who do not understand him, with material ideas about the world. True, the outcome of these two stories is diametrically opposite: an inspiration comes to Alonso before death, he realizes that he was mistaken in his dreams, and Oblomov remains Oblomov. This outcome, obviously, is the difference between the Russian and Western mentality.

Thanks to the reception of the antithesis, one can deeper understand the personalities of the heroes: after all, everything is cognized in comparison. Removing Stolz from the novel, we cannot understand Ilya Ilyich. Goncharov shows the shortcomings and advantages of the characters. At the same time, the reader can look at himself from the outside (at his inner world) in order to avoid mistakes of the heroes.

Oblomov is an image of a man with a Russian soul. Stolz is the image of a man of a new era. There are always both in Russia. Where they come from, I do not understand ... Apparently, such a constant confrontation is what makes our country different from others in its social structure. I still cannot decide who I sympathize more with - Oblomov or Stolz.

Main part

Oblomov and Stolz are the main and practically the only heroes of the novel. The author conveys the main ideas to the reader through their interaction or their interaction with other characters. Olga Ilyinskaya serves as a similar link between them in the novel (she is not, as it were, an independent character, but exists only in their system).

In the life of every person, childhood is of great importance. During this period, a person's personality has not yet been formed. He is ready to absorb the world around him, like a "sponge". Upbringing takes place in childhood. How a person is brought up determines what he will be like in adult life. So in Goncharov's novel, a central role is played by the description of childhood and how the future antipodes Oblomov and Stolz were brought up. After all, without knowing where the roots of these individuals grow, it would be impossible to understand, and where the differences in their lives come from. The author gives a description of childhood in the chapter "Oblomov's Dream", where Ilya recalls his native village Oblomovka. After reading this chapter, you can understand where Oblomov's laziness and immobility came from.

Oblomov and Stolz were brought up in completely different ways. Ilyusha's upbringing was lordly. Many relatives and guests lived in his parents' house. All of them caressed and praised little Ilya ("All this staff and the entourage of the Oblomovs' house picked up Ilya Ilyich and began to shower him with caresses and praises"). He was fed a lot and exquisitely ("After that, he began to feed him with buns, crackers, cream"). In general, food was the main concern in Oblomovka. For Stolz, the opposite is true. From an early age, Andrei's father (German) brought up independence in him. He was dry towards his son. Austerity and purposefulness - these are the main features that parents put into Stolz's upbringing.

It is worth looking at the scenes of Oblomov and Stolz leaving their native villages. Everyone see off Oblomov with tears, they do not want to let go - the atmosphere of love for the baby is felt. And when Stolz leaves, his father only gives a couple of instructions about money. They don't even have anything to say to each other when they say goodbye ... “Well? - said the father. Well! - said the son. Everything? - asked the father. Everything! - answered the son. "

Oblomov and Stolz had common character traits, because Ilyusha met Andrei in childhood and, communicating, influenced each other.

Verkhlevo and Oblomovka are two completely different environments. Oblomovka is an island of paradise on Earth, where nothing happens, everything flows quietly and calmly. In Verkhlevo, a German is in power - Andrei's father. He suits the German order. Friends lack communication so that they can somehow influence each other. Growing up, they begin to drift away. The fact is manifested that the property status of Oblomov and Stolz is different. Oblomov is a real gentleman of noble blood, the owner of three hundred souls. Ilya could do nothing at all, while his vassals would provide him. For Stolz, it is different: he was a Russian nobleman only by his mother, so he had to support his material well-being himself.

In adulthood, Oblomov and Stolz became completely different. It was already difficult for them to communicate. Stolz began somewhere to joke and sneer at Ilya's reasoning removed from reality. Judging by this, the aphorism "plus and minus attract" is incorrect. In the end, differences in the outlook on life and the characters of Ilya and Andrei began to break their friendship.

Since Oblomov and Stolz have friendly relations, the question arises: which of them is more interested in these relations? In my opinion, Stolz is more interested in Oblomov, because Ilya does not need anything from what is in Andrei's character. He will live completely calmly and so. Stolz, on the other hand, is drawn to Oblomov, because he feels in him the soul that he himself dreams of possessing all his life. It turns out that Ilya is more sincere in his friendship.

Conclusion

Throughout the novel, the idea of ​​friendship, of its role in human life, runs like a red thread. In friendship, a person can show his true essence. Friendship has many forms: the "brotherhood" praised by Pushkin, friendship is selfish, friendship for whatever reason. In essence, apart from sincere friendship, everything else is some form of selfishness. Oblomov and Stolz had the strongest friendship - childhood friendship. The old friend is better than two new adage here. They met in distant childhood, living in different villages, and, despite all the differences that appeared in the course of their later life, they could not part.

Goncharov's novel Oblomov helps us to understand what role friendship plays in a person's life, thanks to the fact that it provides a rich example of its twists and turns. Oblomov does not need anything from Stolz, just Stolz is his only friend. With whom else should he discuss his thoughts and feelings? Thanks to the described friendship between Oblomov and Stolz, the essence of these heroes, Goncharov's thought about childhood, that the foundation of all life is laid in childhood was fully revealed to me.

Goncharov's novel Oblomov belongs to the genus of such works that do not lose their relevance over time and reflect in reality the essence of human life not only at the time of its writing, but also hundreds of years later (therefore, it is considered classic). The antithesis proposed by the author of the novel perfectly depicts the essence of the fate of the entire history of Russia, this criticality of her being: either completely one thing, or another without understatement. But we can never find a golden mean, mix together the activity and striving for well-being, Stolz's diligence and Oblomov's wide, full of light and wisdom, soul. It seems to me that in every Russian person, and in Russia itself, these two extremes live: Oblomov and Stolz. Our future depends on which of them will prevail.

Reviews

I still think that Oblomov of the two is closer to you, and your sympathies are on his side. Because the main thing in Oblomov's character is the light of the soul, and therefore Stolz is drawn to him. And it is no coincidence that Oblomov does not need anything from Stolz - he does not need his hard work, activity and dedication, but Stolz does. Because the soul can do without a prosperous life, which the hardworking and practical Stolz arranges for himself, and Stolz needs confirmation of the correctness of his life from someone impractical, as it seems to him, whom he saves, but in fact he doubts all the time, right whether he lives. Latent. And maybe I’m beginning to be inclined to think that if Oblomov had not been knocked off his vertical path by Stolz (namely, vertical, because any soul grows upward) on his path - horizontally oriented, then Oblomov might have had another fate ... He would not feel rejected from the "correct" world and would not have the need to fenced off from it more and more, going into his dreams .. Perhaps ...

In the novel Oblomov, Ivan Aleksandrovich Goncharov wanted to contrast Western and Russian culture. Oblomov and Stolz are two key images of the work. The novel is built on the reception of an antithesis. It is realized through the opposition of these two characters in the work. Stolz and Oblomov are in many ways opposite. In Russian classical literature, there are many works built in this way. These are, for example, "A Hero of Our Time" and "Eugene Onegin". Such examples can also be found in foreign literature.

"Oblomov" and "Don Quixote"

The novel Don Quixote by Miguel de Cervantes most closely resembles "Oblomov". This work describes the contradictions between reality and a person's idea of ​​what an ideal life should be. This contradiction extends, as in Oblomov, to the outside world. Like Ilya Ilyich, Hidalgo is immersed in dreams. Oblomov in the work is surrounded by people who do not understand him, because their ideas about the world are limited by its material side. True, these two stories have a diametrically opposite outcome: before his death, Alonso comes to an insight. This character understands that he was mistaken in his dreams. But Oblomov does not change. Obviously, this outcome is the difference between the Western and Russian mentality.

Antithesis - the main device in the work

With the help of the antithesis, one can draw the personalities of the heroes in more volume, since everything is cognized in comparison. It is impossible to understand Ilya Ilyich by removing Stolz from the novel. Goncharov shows the merits and demerits of his characters. At the same time, the reader can look from the outside at himself and his inner world. This will help prevent mistakes made by the heroes Oblomov and Stolz in Goncharov's novel Oblomov.

Ilya Ilyich is a person with a primordially Russian soul, and Andrei Stolts is a representative of a new era. Both have always been and will be in Russia. Stolz and Oblomov are characters, through the interaction of which, as well as through their interaction with other heroes of the work, the author conveys the main ideas. Olga Ilyinskaya is the link between them.

The importance of childhood in the formation of the characters of heroes

Childhood in the life of every person is of great importance. Personality during this period has not yet been formed. A person, like a sponge, absorbs everything that the surrounding world offers. It is in childhood that upbringing takes place, on which it depends on what a person will become in adulthood. Therefore, an important role in Goncharov's novel is played by the description of childhood and the upbringing of future antipodes, which are Ilya Oblomov and Andrei Stolts. In the chapter "Oblomov's Dream" the author gives a description of Ilya Ilyich's childhood. He remembers Oblomovka, his native village. After reading this chapter, we understand where immobility and laziness appeared in the character of this hero.

Childhood of Ilya Oblomov

Stolz and Oblomov were brought up in different ways. Ilyusha is like a future master. Many guests and relatives lived in his parents' house. They all praised and caressed little Ilyusha. He was exquisitely and a lot fed with "cream", "crackers", "buns". Food, it should be noted, was the main concern in Oblomovka. She was given a lot of time. The whole family decided the question of what dishes would be for dinner or lunch. After dinner, everyone fell into a long sleep. So the days passed: food and sleep. When Ilya grew up, he was sent to study at the gymnasium. Ilya's parents were not interested in knowledge. They only needed a certificate that he passed various sciences and arts. Therefore, Ilya Oblomov grew up as an uneducated, downtrodden boy, but kind at heart.

The childhood of Andrei Stolz

For Stolz, the opposite is true. Andrei's father, a German by nationality, from an early age brought up independence in his son. In relation to his child, he was dry. Purposefulness and rigor are the main features that his parents put into Andrey's upbringing. All the days of the family passed at work. When the boy grew up, his father began to take him to the market, in the field, forced him to work. At the same time, he taught his son sciences, German. Then Stolz began sending the child to town on errands. Goncharov notes that it never happened that Andrei forgot something, overlooked, altered, made a mistake. A Russian noblewoman, the boy's mother, taught him literature, gave spiritual education to her son. As a result, Stolz became an intelligent, strong youth.

Farewell to home

Let's turn to the scenes that describe how Stolz and Oblomov left their native villages. Oblomov is seen off with tears in his eyes, they do not want to let go of the dear child - there is an atmosphere of love for the boy. And when Stolz leaves his home, his father only gives him a few instructions on how to spend money. At the moment of parting, they don't even have anything to say to each other.

Two environments, two characters and their influence on each other

The villages Oblomovka and Verkhlevo are two completely different environments. Oblomovka is a kind of paradise on Earth. Nothing happens here, everything is calm and quiet. In power in Verkhlevo is Andrei's father, a German, who arranges German order here.

Oblomov and Stolz have common traits. Their friendship, which had existed since childhood, led to the fact that, while communicating, they influenced each other to some extent. Both heroes were brought up together for some time. They went to the school that Andrei's father maintained. However, they came here, one might say, from completely different worlds: once and for all established, in no way disturbed order of life in the village of Oblomovka; and the active work of the German burgher, which was interspersed with the lessons of his mother, who tried to instill in Andrei an interest and love for art.

For the further development of relations, however, Andrei and Ilya lack communication. Gradually moving away from each other, growing up, Oblomov and Stolz. Their friendship, meanwhile, does not stop. However, she is also hindered by the fact that the property status of these two heroes is different. Oblomov is a real master, a nobleman. This is the owner of 300 souls. Ilya could do nothing at all, being on the provision of his serfs. Everything is different with Stolz, who was a Russian nobleman only by his mother. He independently had to maintain his material well-being.

Oblomov and Stolz in the novel Oblomov became completely different in their mature years. It was already difficult for them to communicate. Stolz began to sneer and make fun of Ilya's reasoning, so far from reality. Differences in character and outlook on life eventually led to a gradual weakening of their friendship.

The meaning of friendship in Goncharov

The common thread in this novel is the idea of ​​friendship, about the role it plays in a person's life. A person, in interaction with others, can manifest his true essence. Friendship has many forms: "brotherhood", praised by Pushkin, selfish, friendship for one reason or another. Except for the sincere one, in essence, all the others are just forms of selfishness. Andrey and Ilya had a strong friendship. She connected them, as we have already noted, since childhood. Roman Goncharova helps readers understand why Oblomov and Stolz are friends, what role friendship plays in a person's life, due to the fact that it describes many of its vicissitudes.

The meaning and relevance of the novel "Oblomov"

The novel "Oblomov" is a work that does not lose its relevance to this day, since it reflects the essence of human life, which is eternal. The antithesis proposed by the author (his portrait is presented below) perfectly conveys the essence of the fate of the history of our country, which is marked by these two extremes.

It is hard for a Russian person to find a middle ground, to mix the desire for well-being, the activity and diligence of Andrei Stolz and the broad soul of Oblomov, full of wisdom and light. Probably, in each of our compatriots, as well as in our country itself, these extremes live: Stolz and Oblomov. The characterization of Russia's future depends on which of them will prevail.