Museum fine arts named after A.S. Pushkin

State Museum of Fine Arts named after A.S. Pushkin(Moscow) is Russian Museum of world art, originally founded (as a museum) at Moscow University in 1898 (from the moment of its foundation, during construction). Now it is one of the largest Russian museum complexes (museum town) in the very center of Moscow. Collection of the Pushkin State Museum of Fine Arts A.S. Pushkin consists of works of Western art: from exhibits of deep antiquity and antiquity, to works of the 20th century. The museum has an interesting collection of plaster copies of world famous antique and Roman sculptures.

The collection of Western painting is made up of the collections of the Moscow Public Museum, the Rumyantsev Museum and the State Museum Fund (already under Soviet power in the late 1920s). The most valuable and famous works of art(Botticelli, Poussin and David) were transferred from the State Hermitage.

Currently, the total number of works of art (painting, graphics, sculpture, numismatics and archeology) is more than 560 thousand.

The museum complex includes:

• The main building of the Museum of Fine Arts. A.S. Pushkin (street Volkhonka, 12);
• The gallery of art of the countries of Europe and America of the XIX-XX centuries (Volkhonka street, 14);
• The building of the department of personal collections (Volkhonka st., 10);
• Centre aesthetic education"Museion".

The official website of the A.S. Pushkin

1949 to 1953- the museum houses an exhibition of gifts from I.V. Stalin.

1985 year- in a separate building the Department of Personal Collections was opened.

1991 year- the museum is included in the State Code of Especially Valuable Objects cultural heritage peoples of the Russian Federation.

Art

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Gallery of art from the countries of Europe and America of the XIX-XX centuries. - second building State Museum fine arts named after A.S. Pushkin. The building was opened in 2006 and some of the exhibits of the main exposition were transferred to it. Let's try to navigate through two centuries of diverse Western art.

The gallery building is located on Volkhonka, to the left of the main building of the museum (if you stand facing it).

The gallery is spread over three floors. The halls are located in a circle, the inspection begins to the left of the stairs. The room numbers are written above or near the entrances.

The painting by Francisco Goya "Carnival", located in the second room, is not wide famous work artist, however, fully reveals his author's style. The canvas also has something in common with famous etchings Caprichos. The grotesque freaks who take part in the "Carnival", coupled with the general gloomy tone of the picture, depress and fascinate.

Here, in the second room, there is a painting by Paul Delaroche "Children of King Edward IV". The canvas depicts the main characters of one of the most mysterious legends of old England - princes Edward V and Richard of York. At the end of the 15th century, the British Parliament adopted a decree recognizing the princes as illegitimate and, accordingly, not having the right to succession to the throne. The current king of England and the brothers' uncle Richard III imprisoned 13-year-old Edward and 10-year-old Richard in the Tower, further destiny children are unknown. There are many versions of their death, but the main one is the early murder by Richard III.

Several centuries later, two children's skeletons were found in one of the towers of the Tower, however, the examination failed to establish whether the remains belonged to the princes.

Hall number 2

On the second floor, in the eighth room, there is the famous painting by Edgar Degas “ Blue dancers". The artist was extremely fond of the theme of ballet, and it was precisely the behind-the-scenes part of it. This becomes obvious when you look at the works located in the neighborhood.

There is an opinion that, contrary to the name, the dancer in the picture is depicted alone, on different stages preparation for going on stage. The composition is also interesting: probably due to the artist's passion for photography, the canvas deliberately resembles a frame that could not contain everything that was happening.

Hall number 8

One of the most famous and discussed paintings by Claude Monet "Boulevard des Capucines in Paris" is located in the ninth room. It is curious that this canvas, being presented at the first exhibition of the Impressionists, was more than others attacked by the already critical public. The new trend was not accepted and caused only ridicule. Today, the painting is often cited as one of the most revealing and exemplary works performed in the direction of impressionism.

By the way, in fact, impressionism owes its name to Monet. The artist's brush belongs to the painting “Impression. Sunrise ", this name became the basis for a new trend in painting - impression, which means" impression "in French.

Hall number 9

In the tenth room there is a painting by Camille Pissarro "The Opera Passage in Paris".

The fate of one of the most prominent representatives of impressionism was not easy: at the height of the Franco-Prussian war, the artist was forced to leave his apartment in the suburbs of Paris, leaving all his works in it. A butcher shop settled in the room, and they literally wiped their feet on Pissarro's canvases, using them instead of rugs. Of more than five hundred paintings by the master, only a few dozen remained intact.

But neither the ruined works, nor endless poverty and hunger, nor mockery of the new direction in painting could break the will of the artist. The landscapes in which Pissarro depicted the streets of Paris, over time, received the deserved recognition of art critics and the love of the public.

Hall number 10

Auguste Renoir is also a representative of impressionism. One of his paintings - "Bathing in the Seine" (the second name is "Froggy") - is located here, in the tenth room. The artist was an acknowledged master of sentimental portraiture, but apart from this, the favorite theme of his work was reservoirs, embankments and life that was in full swing on them.

At the end of his days, Renoir was seriously ill, was bedridden, but did not put down his pencil, because, in his words, "the pain passes, but the beauty remains."

Hall number 10

It's hard to believe, but the famous post-impressionist Vincent Van Gogh was not only a painter. The future master managed to work as a dealer in a large art company (thanks to which he began to understand art), a seller in a bookstore, a teacher in a boarding school and a missionary, and only at the age of 30 he seriously took up painting. The only painting that was sold during the life of the master - "Red Vineyards in Arles", now located in the eleventh hall of the Museum of Fine Arts. Pushkin.

Also noteworthy is the work "Walk of Prisoners", created by Van Gogh during the exacerbation of his mental illness and voluntary "confinement" in a psychiatric hospital. The artist was forced to look at the world through the iron bars of the window bars, and the canvas frankly conveys the feelings of the master, who is actually deprived of freedom. No wonder central character paintings endowed with extraordinary outward resemblance with the author.

Van Gogh lived only 37 years old and died on tragic accident: during a promenade with materials for drawing, the artist accidentally shot himself with a revolver, which he had taken to scare away birds while working on a painting.

Hall number 11

The works of another representative of Post-Impressionism, Paul Cézanne, are located in the fourteenth room. The artist created more than 800 canvases, but received real recognition only in last years life, at the age of 65.

One of his first works - "In the Rooms" (another name - "Scene in the Interior"), now located in the Museum of Fine Arts. Pushkin, was subjected to monstrous criticism.

One of the most mysterious paintings by Cezanne is "Pierrot and Harlequin" ("Mardi Gras", "Shrovetide"), which the master wrote for about two years. In the image of the Harlequin, his son Paul posed for the artist. Art critics to this day are trying to find an explanation for why Cézanne, who is alien to the theatrical genre, chose this particular theme, and they attribute a certain hidden meaning to the picture.

Hall number 14

One of the brightest representatives post-impressionism is Paul Gauguin.

WITH young years Gauguin was interested and nourished special love To tropical countries, and with the move to Tahiti began the "Polynesian" - the most fruitful period of his work. And although life on the island cannot be called cloudless (during his stay in Tahiti, the artist even tried to commit suicide by poisoning himself with arsenic), it was there, according to the master himself, that his best works were created. Canvases "Are you jealous?" and “Her name was Vairaumati” are in the fifteenth hall of the museum. Gauguin described the plots of the paintings in the book "Noah Noah". So, on the first canvas, two sisters are depicted lying in voluptuous poses on the shore after swimming and talking about love - past and future. The second canvas depicts the heroine of the Polynesian myth Vairaumati, the earthly wife of the god Oro. According to legend, the couple became the progenitor secret society free love existing on the island.

Hall number 15

Maurice Denis is a prominent member of the Nabis group of Symbolist painters. His painting "Polyphemus" is located in the sixteenth room. In the picture, the artist combined myth and reality: in the background, antique Polyphemus plays the love melody of the nymph Galatea, and in the first, modern earthly inhabitants frolic. By the way, members of his family and friends posed for the master.

Hall number 16

On the third floor, in room eighteen, there is Andre Derain's painting Drying the Sails. The canvas was presented as part of a series of works created in close collaboration with Henri Matisse for the Paris Autumn Salon of 1905, and became the progenitor of a new trend - Fauvism (translated from French - "wildness"). The paintings were called "wild" for the riot and expressiveness of colors, dynamism and emotionality. True, the artists themselves have never used this term in relation to their works.

Hall number 18

The movement of the founders of Fauvism fell apart three years after the unification. However, this event in no way prevented Henri Matisse from continuing to adhere to the course he had adopted. The master's works are in the nineteenth and twentieth halls.

State Museum of Fine Arts named after A.S. Pushkin is a museum complex with one of the largest in Russia art collections foreign art storing artifacts created by masters different eras- from Ancient egypt and antique greece to the present day.

Date of foundation of the Museum of Fine Arts. A.S. Pushkin is considered August 17 (29), 1898. It was on this day in Moscow, in the former Kolymazhny yard, near the Cathedral of Christ the Savior on Volkhonka, the laying of a new one, created on public funds, Moscow Museum - Museum of Fine Arts named after Emperor Alexander III. This event was preceded by years of hard work by its founder, Professor of Moscow University Ivan Vladimirovich Tsvetaev (1847-1913), as well as by a group of Moscow and St. Petersburg scientists. The new museum was conceived primarily as a university training center, its basis was made up of plaster reproductions (casts) of sculptural originals. Gypsum castings were made by the largest firms of that time, many were made specially by order of I.V. Tsvetaeva. 14 years later, in May 1912, the museum was opened to the sounds of a solemn cantata specially written for this event. The collection of casts has been replenished with magnificent collections of genuine works of art. This is a collection of ancient Egyptian monuments (about 6,000 items), which was collected during his travels in Egypt by the Petersburg orientalist V.S. Golenishchev, and works of Italian artists of the XII-XIV centuries from the collection of M.S. Shchekina. The museum finally became a collection of originals in the second half of the 1920s-1930s, when, as a result of the redistribution museum funds country, an art gallery arose. She pooled works foreign artists from the former Rumyantsev Museum, collections of S.M. Tretyakov, Yusupov, Shuvalovs, G.A. Brokar, D.I. Shchukin and other collectors. These were paintings by Dutch and German masters, Flemish and Spanish painters XVII century, Italian artists of the XIII-XVII centuries, French authors of the XIX century. However, it is critical to form picture gallery had receipts from State Hermitage... From there, the works of the largest European painters "came" to Moscow - Botticelli, Rembrandt, van Dyck, Rubens, Poussin, Murillo, Canaletto.

In 1932, the Museum of Fine Arts was renamed the Museum of Fine Arts, in 1937 it was assigned to it. A.S. Pushkin. The appearance of the museum's art gallery was finally determined in 1948, when it was replenished with works by artists, mainly French, of the late 19th-early 20th centuries (286 items) from the collection the former Museum new Western art in Moscow. These were paintings by E. Manet, C. Monet, Renoir, Degas, Pissarro, Sisley, Cezanne, Van Gogh, Gauguin, Matisse, Marquet, Rouault, Picasso and others, bought at one time by Russian collectors S.I. Shchukin and I.A. Morozov. Within the framework of the art gallery, a significant collection of genuine Western European sculpture and applied art has also been formed.

Address: Moscow, st. Volkhonka, 12
Date of foundation 1912 year
Founder Ivan Vladimirovich Tsvetaev
Coordinates: 55 ° 44 "50.3" N 37 ° 36 "18.7" E

The State Pushkin Museum of Fine Arts is the largest Russian museum displaying foreign art. It houses the largest collection of works in the country worldwide. famous painters... In addition, the museum owns the richest collections of numismatics, sculptures and small art forms.

The main building of the Pushkin Museum of Fine Arts

How the museum was created

For a long time, Moscow University had its own Cabinet of Fine Arts and Antiquities. It housed a library and kept old vases, large collection coins and several plaster casts from ancient sculptures. At the end 19th century University professor Ivan Vladimirovich Tsvetaev came up with an initiative to create in the city new museum dedicated to the fine arts.

A design competition was held among the architects, and construction of a huge building for the museum began in Moscow. It was erected on a high podium in the best traditions Greek antique temples. All works were supervised by the talented architect Roman Ivanovich Klein. The construction of the new museum was sponsored by the owner of glass factories and diplomat Yuri Stepanovich Nechaev. This philanthropist invested in this project a huge amount of 2.6 million rubles at that time.

Hall No. 15. Greek courtyard. In the center - a cast of the portal of the Liebfrauenkirche cathedral

It is curious that the design of the museum did not include electric lighting. In those days, it was believed that sculptures are best viewed in natural light, so the engineer and architect Vladimir Grigorievich Shukhov designed unique glass floors over the museum building.

At first, they wanted to make marble columns to decorate the facades of Ural stone. However, it quickly became clear that it would not be possible to select a stone of the required conditions. Therefore, the museum columns 10 m long were ordered in Norway. When they were ready, the columns were taken to Russia by sea, then loaded onto barges and transported along the rivers to Moscow.

Hall number 25. Art Ancient Italy and Ancient Rome

While the construction was underway, Tsvetaev worked on the creation of a future exhibition. He collected money from benefactors and ordered plaster copies of famous sculptures... At the beginning of the last century, Egyptian researcher Vladimir Semenovich Golenishchev sold his collection of ancient Egyptian art to the future museum.

The museum was opened in the summer of 1912 in the presence of the sovereign and the top of the Russian nobility. Then he bore the name Russian emperor Alexander III and is run by Moscow University. The new exposition quickly gained popularity among Muscovites. More than 700 people visited it on weekdays, and in Sundays and on holidays, about 2.5 thousand spectators became guests of the museum.

Hall number 28. Italian sculpture XV century

Everyone who came here could see the casts from antique statues, copies of small architectural forms and antique mosaics. Only ancient sarcophagi, papyri and sacrificial offerings from Egyptian tombs were genuine exhibits. It is curious that in the first years of work in the new Moscow museum not a single picture was exhibited.

Museum history

After the revolution, the nationalization of the property of nobles and merchants took place throughout the country. The paintings taken from private collections were handed over to museum employees, and they formed the main fund of painting. Just like that into the congregation Pushkin Museum got the picture "Girl on the Ball", written famous artist Pablo Picasso. In 1937, the museum was named after the Russian poet A.S. Pushkin.

Hall 14. Greek courtyard

At the very beginning of the war, there was a threat that unique paintings and sculptures can be damaged by German bombing. All collections were neatly packed and railroad they were taken away from the capital - to Solikamsk and Novosibirsk.

The building, like the entire city center, was carefully camouflaged, but this did not save it from bombers. The roof suffered the most from the bombings. Part of it was simply destroyed. The facades of the museum also received potholes. They can be seen today if you look at the upper part of the wall, which faces Maly Znamensky Lane.

Hall number 24

In 1944, when the course of the Second World War was a foregone conclusion, the exhibits were returned to the capital and placed in their original places. The paintings and sculptors did not suffer at all, and after three years of evacuation, they became available again to viewers.

In 1949, on the occasion of Stalin's jubilee, an exhibition of gifts to the leader was organized in the museum. Since there were many exhibits, they were placed in several halls. At this time, art exhibitions in the museum temporarily stopped. The unusual exhibition of gifts existed until Stalin's death and was closed in 1953.

Hall number 24. Greek art late classics and Hellenism

In the mid-1980s, the Department of Private Collections was created at the museum. And 20 years later, the first visitors were received by the halls of the Art Gallery, which housed works by artists of the 19th-20th centuries from Europe and America.

The most famous exhibitions

The main collection of the museum consists of works of art from different times. Every year, the Pushkin Museum hosts about 30 exhibitions, the largest of which have been prepared for several years. They attract so many spectators that long queues line up at the ticket office of the museum.

Room 6. Hellenistic and Roman Egypt, Coptic art

In 1955, 1.2 million people came to the exhibition of paintings from Dresden Gallery... Viewers were able to see the canvases saved during the Second World War. After careful restoration and exhibition, they were returned to their homeland - to the German city of Dresden.

Hall No. 7. Byzantine art. Italian art of the 13th - 16th centuries

Eight years later, the museum hosted an exhibition of works by Picasso, Kandinsky, Matisse and Malevich, and even more viewers came to it - 655 thousand people. It was a phenomenal success! Several years ago, in 2016, the museum exhibited the canvases of the genius Italian artist Raphael Santi. Paintings famous master of the Renaissance were able to see 200 thousand Muscovites and guests of the capital.

Museum for children

The Pushkin Museum has several clubs for children of different ages, including an art studio for preschoolers and art workshops for ceramics and prints. Children with an interest in art history attend the Club's classes young art critics.

Room 26. European Art of the Middle Ages

For schoolchildren, there are sightseeing and thematic excursions around the museum, which last from 45 to 90 minutes. During the lessons of children primary school introduce the museum, show the Egyptian hall, talk about the myths of Ancient Greece, the palace of the Assyrian king, Panticapaeum and the birth of Christianity. High school students learn about the history of European art XIX century, impressionism, post-impressionism and art of the 20th century.

The museum conducts several educational and game programs for families with children. These are exciting themed quests, clubs, lectures, children's festivals and family excursions.

• Second largest exposition of foreign art in Russia, including ancient monuments, paintings Rembrandt, Claude Monet, Degas, Van Gogh, Picasso.
• A unique collection of plaster casts with major sculptural monuments from antiquity to the Renaissance.
• The largest exhibition area, periodically offering world-class exhibitions.
• Music Festival " December evenings of Svyatoslav Richter"Takes place in the museum, combining musical concerts with the theme art exhibitions.
• V around the museum you can walk along the neighboring streets and admire the architectural masterpieces in the style of Russian Art Nouveau, visit other museums.
• All important information translated into English, there are audio guides, it is possible to get on a guided tour.

State Museum of Fine Arts. A.S. Pushkin is one of most interesting places capital Cities. Here you can see the first in volume in Moscow and the second in Russia (after the Hermitage) collection of foreign art. However, the Pushkin Museum is not only a collection of monuments of Ancient Egypt or a place where you can see authentic paintings by the classics of Rembrandt, Poussin, Canaletto and famous impressionists and post-impressionists Claude Monet, Degas, Van Gogh, Picasso. The peculiarity of this museum is that there are life-size plaster casts from all the main sculptural monuments of antiquity, the Middle Ages and the Renaissance. Thus, the museum makes it possible at once to get a visual representation of sculptural masterpieces the originals of which are scattered throughout the galleries different countries... The pearl of this area of ​​the museum is the Italian courtyard - exact copy courtyard of the Bargello Palace in Florence. In addition, the Pushkin Museum is one of the most active venues in the city, hosting temporary world-class exhibitions. Recent events include, for example, personal exhibitions of Picasso, Turner, Caravaggio, Titian and Raphael.

We list the sections expositions of the main building of the museum: Art of Ancient Egypt; Art of the Middle East (originals and copies); Ancient Troy and the excavations of G. Schliemann ("Priam's treasure"); Antique art(originals and casts-copies); Byzantine art; Art of the Middle Ages (casts-copies); Renaissance art (casts); German and Dutch art of the 15th - 16th centuries; the art of Flanders and Holland of the 17th century; XVII - XVIII centuries; French art of the 17th - early 19th centuries

The museum conducts excursions, lectures, master classes. Has a long tradition music Festival"December Evenings of Svyatoslav Richter", invented in 1981 by the pianist together with the long-term director of the museum Irina Antonova. The festival brings together the theme of art exhibitions with music concerts... The branches of the Pushkin Museum are located nearby and the Department of Personal Collections.

The Pushkin Museum is located in the very heart of Moscow, between the Cathedral of Christ the Savior. In the area of ​​Volkhonka Street, the historical buildings of the 19th century are well preserved. From here two famous Moscow streets diverge - Ostozhenka and Prechistenka, where many architectural masterpieces in the style of Russian Art Nouveau have been preserved. Numerous art and literary museums are located in the same area.

Museum history

The history of the creation of the museum is closely connected with the personality (1847 - 1913). He was a prominent historian, philologist and art critic, professor at Moscow University, and had the high rank of privy councilor. Initially, Tsvetaev collected casts for the University Cabinet of Fine Arts and Antiquities. Later, this project grew into a plan for organizing an educational museum for students studying architecture and sculpture.

In 1896, the conditions of the Competition for the development of the project for the museum building were published. As a result, R. Klein's project was approved. Work on the construction of the building was carried out with the help of famous engineers I. Rerberg and V. Shukhov. Initially, the museum was not supposed to have electric lighting: the light had to enter the halls through the ceiling. The shape of the building resembles an antique temple on a podium with a colonnade. The Ionian colonnade of the museum building has a prototype - the famous portico of the Caryatids of the Erechtheion in Athens. The frieze behind the colonnade of the facade is a copy of the frieze of the Parthenon, and on the attic there is a relief depicting Olympic Games... The interiors of the halls are decorated in accordance with the themes of the sections. One of the brightest and most memorable examples of this solution - egyptian hall, in the design of which the forms of Egyptian columns are used, and the murals reflect the motives of ancient Egyptian painting.

In 1898, a special "Committee for the Arrangement of the Museum" was created to organize the museum. Its chairman was Grand Duke Sergey Aleksandrovich. Almost 80% of the budget was contributed by Yu. Nechaev-Maltsov, major philanthropist and a diplomat. In 1912 took place Grand opening Museum of Fine Arts named after Alexander III. The ceremony was attended by Emperor Nicholas II and Maria Feodorovna (widow of Emperor Alexander III).

V Soviet time the museum's collections expanded significantly, including through the nationalization of private collections, and the museum was removed from the private jurisdiction of Moscow University. On the anniversary of the centenary of the death of the great Russian poet (1937), the museum was named. A specific episode in the history of the museum took place in 1949-1953, when the main part of the halls was devoted to the exhibition of gifts. Almost immediately after the death of the leader, the familiar permanent exhibition was restored and opened.

For the 100th anniversary of the Pushkin Museum in 2012, work began on the creation of the so-called "Museum Town": a complex of buildings to expand the exhibition area and general functionality. The project is scheduled to be completed by 2019. The Main Building and Gallery are currently operating as usual, with only temporary exhibitions held in the Private Collections Department until completion.

Museum collection

The collection of the Pushkin Museum has over 670 thousand exhibits, and the exhibition area of ​​the museum is 2,600 square meters. The museum includes several buildings. The Main Building (12 Volkhonka Street) houses collections of casts and original works of art from ancient times to the 18th century. New art is exhibited in the adjacent building of the Art Gallery of the countries of Europe and America of the 19th - 20th centuries. (Volkhonka st., 14). On the opposite side of the Main Building there is the Department of Personal Collections (Volkhonka St., 10) and Museion (Kolymazhny Lane, 6, Building 2) - a unique museum, the exposition of which is not classified according to the usual chronological order, but on the collections, which included the work in the museum. Special attention is paid here to the personalities of collectors-gatherers.

The Center for Aesthetic Education "Museion" was opened in 2006, classes in children's groups are held here, the Club of Young Art Critics operates, exhibitions of Museion's students are held.

As already mentioned, the first stage in the development of the museum was a collection of casts of sculpture masterpieces, which would help students in their studies. For the production of plaster copies, molds were used, made from the original monuments. They correspond to their real size, which is very difficult to determine from photographs. Then the funds of the museum began to come from benefactors or to acquire separate collections of original works of art. One of the first was the collection of V. Golenishchev. This eminent orientalist has amassed an excellent collection of monuments of Ancient Egypt, which was acquired by the state and transferred to the museum in 1909-1911. The exhibits in it date back to the 4th millennium BC. until the 4th century BC Among them are real archaeological artifacts, for example, a bust of Pharaoh Amenemhat III, created in the 19th century BC, and a cosmetic spoon from the New Kingdom era.

Another early entry is the collection Italian painting XIII - XIV centuries, donated by diplomat M. Shchekin. After