Pablo Picasso - biography, information, personal life. Pablo Picasso - biography, facts, paintings - Great Spanish painter where Picasso was born in which country
Pablo Picasso was born on October 25, 1881 in Spain in Malaga in the family of the artist José Ruisa Blasko. Talent The future artist began to demonstrate early. Already from 7 years old, the boy finished some details in the paintings of the father (the first such work was pigeons paws). In 8 years, the first serious painting by oil called "Picador" was written.
Picador 1889
At the age of 13, Pablo Picasso became a student of the Academy of Arts in Barcelona - Pablo's entrance exams showed himself so well that the Commission took him to the Academy in spite of the young age.
In 1897, Picasso went to Madrid for admission to the Royal Academy of Fine Arts San Fernando. But he studied there Pablo is no more than a year - too boring and worn close to young talent at the Academy with its classical traditions. In Madrid, a young man fascinated the stormy life of the metropolis. Also, a lot of time, Pablo devoted to the study of the works of such artists as Diego Vilasquez, Francisco Goya and El Greco, which made a great impression on the artist.
In those years, the artist first visited Paris, who was then considered the capital of the arts. He lived in this city in this city by visiting various museums, in order to study the works of painting masters: Van Gogh, Gaugugen, Delacroix and many others. Picasso will often visit Paris in the future, and later this city will hobble him so much that Picasso will decide to finally move there (1904).
The most famous works of Pablo Picasso, written by him in the early period (until 1900)
"Portrait of Mother" 1896
"Knowledge and Mercy" 1897
"First Communion" 1896
"Self-portrait" 1896
"Matador Luis Miguel Domingen" 1897
"Spanish couple in front of the hotel" 1900
"Barefoot girl. Fragment "1895.
"Man on the shore of the pond" 1897
"Man in the header" 1895
"Klischi Boulevard" 1901
"Portrait of the Father of the Artist" 1895
The next period in the work of Pablo Picasso is called "Blue". In 1901 - 1904 Cold colors prevailed in the Picasso palette - mostly blue and its shades. At this time, Picasso raised the themes of old age, poverty, poverty, the characteristic mood of the paintings of this period was melancholy and sadness. The artist referred human suffering, drawing blind, beggars, alcoholics and prostitutes, etc. - They were the main characters of the "blue" period.
Works "Blue" period (1901-1904)
"Breakfast of the blind" 1903
"Mother and Child" 1903
"Absinthe Lovers" 1901
"Gladiller" 1904
"Beggar old man with a boy" 1903
"Life" 1903
"Two sisters (date)" 1902
"Blue room (bath)" 1901
"Gourmet" 1901
"Sitting woman in the hood" 1902
In the "Pink" period (1904 - 1906), the main theme in the artist's work was Circus and his characters - acrobats and comedians. Bright cheerful colors prevailed. The fellow character of this period can be called Harlequin, who most often met in the works of Picasso. In addition to the circus inspired him, the model of Fernanda Olivier, who met in 1904, at the very beginning of the "pink" period. She was the artist's muse throughout the entire period.
Works "Pink" period (1904 - 1906)
"Acrebat and harlequin" 1905
"Girl with a goat" 1906
"Boy leading horse" 1906
"Comedian family" 1905
"Peasants" 1906
"Nude woman with a jug" 1906
"Bearing" 1906
"Woman with bread" 1905
"Two acrabate with a dog" 1905
"Toilet" 1906
One of the most famous paintings P. Picasso "Girl on Ball" (1905), which is now in the State Museum of Fine Arts. A. S. Pushkin, some experts refer to the transitional period to "Pink".
"Girl on a bowl" 1905
The crucible moment in the work of Picasso was the portrait of Gertruda Stein, written in 1906.
The work on the portrait was heavy - the artist rewritten a portrait about 80 times and as a result, Picasso was removed from the portrait as a genre of fine art in his classical understanding. All the further work of Picasso can be characterized by only one of his phrase "We must not write what I see, but what I know." It was this installation P. Picasso and tried to adhere to the end of his life.
Cubism
This long period in the work of Pablo Picasso is divided into several stages. This is the time of complete refusal to detail the characters: the subject and the background is almost merged together, there are no clearly defined borders. Picasso was convinced that the artist could more than just show what the eye sees.
The first stage "Cesannovsky" is the "African" period. This stage is distinguished by building images using simple geometric shapes and a predominance of muddy blurred green, oath and brown tones.
In 1907-1909, the artist's attention was aspiring to African art, with whom he first met in 1907 at the ethnographic exhibition at Trocadero Museum. From now on, simple, even primitive forms of depicted objects began to prevail in the work of Picasso. In the technique, the artist began to use a coarse hatching. The first picture made in the "African" style is the "Avignon girls" of 1907
This picture was written by the author throughout the year. None of her painting Picasso did not work for so long. As a result, this work was so different from its previous pictures, which was ambiguously perceived by the public. But fastening a new, interesting style for him, Picasso was not going to retreat and for 2 years the artist developed him in every way.
Works "Cesannovsky" cubism ("African" period) (1907 - 1909)
"Farmer" 1908
"Male Head" 1907
"Buckulcher" 1909
"Still life with a bowl and a jug" 1908
"Nude with drapery (dance with bedspreads)" 1907
"Portrait of Manuel Paliares" 1909
"Three shapes under the tree" 1907
"Wine and fruit" 1908
"Bust man (athlete)" 1909
"WOMAN" 1907
In the analytical period, Picasso came to the realization that it is necessary to fully focus on the volume and form of items, moving onto the background color. Thus, monochromicity has become a distinctive feature of the analytical cubism. It is also worth noting the structure of the works of this period - the artist seems to be crushing items into small fragments. Between different things disappears the face and everything is perceived as a whole.
The work of the "analytical" cubism (1909-1912)
"Man with a guitar" 1911
"Man with a violin" 1912
"Accordionist" 1911
"Still life with a bottle of liqueur" 1909
"Poet" 1911
"Portrait of Fernanda" 1909
"Portrait of Wilhelm Ude" 1910
"Sitting nude" 1910
"Woman in green" 1909
"Woman in the chair" 1909
The beginning of the synthetic period was the painting "Memories of the Havra", written Pablo Picasso in 1912 in this picture, more bright paints appeared, not inherent in analytical cubism.
Monochrome work again gave way to color. Basically, still lifes prevailed in the paintings of this period: bottles of wine, notes, cutlery and musical instruments. To dilute the abstractness in the work on the paintings, real items were used, such as: ropes, sand, wallpapers, etc.
Works "Synthetic" cubism (1912-1917)
"Fireplace man" 1916
"Man in the cylinder" 1914
"Glass and playing cards" 1912
"Guitar" 1912
"Still-life with fruit on the table" 1914-1915
"Pedestal" 1914
"Table in a cafe (bottle of perno)" 1912
"Kharchevnya (ham)" 1914
"Green Still Life" 1914
"Man with a tube sitting in the chair" 1916
Despite the fact that cubism was actively criticized by many, the work of this period was well sold and Pablo Picasso finally stopped leaning and moved to a spacious workshop.
The next period in the artist's work was neoclassicism, which was marked by Picasso's marriage in Russian ballerina Olga Khokhlova in 1918. This was preceded by the work of Pablo over the scenery and sketches of costumes to the ballet "Parade" 1917. It was fulfilling this work that the artist met Olga Khokhlova.
Curtain to the ballet "Parade" 1917
Ballet program Parade with Picasso pattern. 1917.
Chinese magician, in Picasso costume, modern interpretation, 2003
Character of the French "Governor" (Zovage)
This period is very far from the cubism: real faces, light tones, the right shapes ... The Russian wife inspired it into such changes in his work, which brought a lot of poor Pablo. Even the lifestyle of the artist has changed - visits to secular rounds, costume ballet, etc. In a word, Picasso began to rotate in a secular environment, which was also alien to him. For such a sharp transition from cubism to Picasso classicism, many criticized. For all claims, the artist responded in one of his interviews: "Whenever I want to say something, I speak in that manner in which, in my opinion, this feeling should be said."
Works of the period of neoclassicism (1918 - 1925)
"Reading Letters" 1921
"Buckles" 1918
"Lovers" 1923
"Mother and Child" 1921
"Olga Khokhlova in Mantile" 1917
Olga Picasso 1923
"First Communion" 1919
"Piero" 1918
"Portrait of Olga in the chair" 1917
"Portrait of Paula" Son of the artist 1923
"Sleeping peasants" 1919
"Three swimsters" 1920
"Woman with a child on the seashore" 1921
"Woman in Mantile" 1917
"Women running on the shore" 1922
In 1925, the artist wrote a painting "Dance", which fully reflects the problems in the personal life of the artist at this time.
In the winter of 1927, Picasso meets his new Muse - Seventeen-year-old Maria Teresu Walter, which became a character of many paintings of the period of surrealism. In 1935, Pair had a daughter Maya, however, in 1936, Picasso leaves Mary Teresa and from Olga Khokhlova, with which he will not work out the official divorce until the death of Olga in 1955
Works of the period of surrealism (1925 - 1936)
"AKRABAT" 1930
"Girl throwing stone" 1931
"Figures on the beach" 1931
"Still Life" 1932
"Nude and still life" 1931
"Nude on the beach" 1929
"Nude on the beach" 1929
"Woman with flower" 1932
"Sleep (portrait of a mistress of artist Mary Teresa Valter)" 1932
"Nude in the chair" 1932
"Nude in the chair" 1929
"Kiss" 1931
In the 30s and 40s, the Hero of Many Picasso's Cloth became a bull, Minotaur. Minotaur in the work of the artist - the personification of destructive power, war and death.
"Minotauria" 1935
"Palette and Bull Head" 1938
"Baranya Head" 1939
"Still life with a bull skull" 1942
"Skull of Bull, Fruit, Jug" 1939
"Three lamb heads" 1939
In the spring of 1937, the small town of Spain Herrnik German fascists literally erased from the face of the earth. This event Picasso could not leave without attention and the picture "Gernik" appeared on the world. This picture can be called the MINOTAVR themes by apotheosis. The size of the paintings is impressive: the length is 8 m, the width is 3.5 m. It is known one case associated with the picture. During a search that Gestapo, an officer-Nazi drew attention to the picture and asked Picasso: "Didn't you do?" What the artist answered "no. You made you! ".
"Gernik" 1937
Parallel to the canvas about Minotaurus, Pablo Picasso creates a series of monsters. This series expresses the position of the artist during the Civil War in Spain, in which he supported the Republicans and opposed the policy of the Dictator Franco.
"Dreams and a lie of General Franco" (1937)
"Dreams and a lie of General Franco" (1937)
The entire second world war Pablo Picasso lived in France, where the artist in 1944 became a member of the French Communist Party.
Wartime works (1937-1945)
"Pheasan" 1938
"Women's head in a hat" 1939
"Maria Teresa in Wreath" 1937
"Artist Workshop" 1943
"Maya with doll" 1938
"Praying" 1937
"Still Life" 1945
"Crying woman with a scarf" 1937
"Birds in a cage" 1937
"Wounded Bird and Cat" 1938
"Crypt" 1945
"Woman in a red chair" 1939
In 1946, the artist worked on the panel painting for the Castle of the Grimaldi family in Antibes (the resort town of France). In the first hall of the castle, Panel called "the joy of life" was installed. The main characters of this pano were fabulous creatures, favments, centaurs and naked girls.
"Joy of Genesis" 1946
In the same year, Pablo got acquainted with the young artist, Francoise, lived with which they settled in the Castle of Grimaldi. Later, Picasso and Francoise were born two children - Paloma and Claude. At this time, the artist often painted his children and Francoazuz, but the long idyll did not last: in 1953, Francoise took the children and left Pablo Picasso. Francoise could no longer tolerate the permanent treason of the artist and his difficult character. This parting the artist worried very hard, which could not not affect creativity. The proof of the drawings of the masculine, on which the ugly old man dwarf with a beautiful young girl.
One of the most famous symbols of the "Pigeon world" was created in 1949. For the first time, he appeared at the World Congress of Peace supporters in Paris.
In 1951, Picasso was written by a painting "Rabbar in Korea", which tells about the atrocities of that "forgotten" war.
"Massacre in Korea" 1951
In 1947, the artist moves to the south of France, to the city of Valloris. It is in this city he was carried away by ceramics. He inspired Picasso to such a passion for the annual exhibition of ceramics in Valloris, which he visited back in 1946. Of particular interest, the artist showed the products from Madura's workshop, in which he later worked. Working with clay allowed a recognized painter and schedule to forget the horrors of war and plunge into a different joyful and serene world. Plots for ceramics are the simplest and simple - women, birds, faces, fabulous characters ... Ceramics Picasso is even devoted to the book "Ceramics Picasso" I. Karetnikov, published in 1967.
Picasso in Madura Workshop
Artist Pablo Picasso Born in Spain in the family of art historian José Ruis in 1881. José Rius was fond of painting, but as soon as I realized that the genius grows in the family, gave the brushes and paints with young Pablo and became his first teacher. At the age of 13, Picasso entered the Barcelona Academy of Arts, then to the San Fernando Academy in Madrid.
After studying Pablo Picasso moves to Paris. It is in France that the Spanish artist wrote his best works. Creative biography Pablo Picasso is divided into several stages.
Blue period. The pictures of this period are mainly fulfilled in cold blue-green tones. Heroes - old men, poor mothers and children. The artist itself is poor and unhappy at that time.
Pink period. Pictures are becoming more cheerful, pink and orange tones are dominated in them. In this period, Fernanda Olivier appears in the life of Pablo Picasso - Beloved and Muse.
African period. A waste from the image of a particular person, African motifs appear.
Cubism. Items depicted in the pictures, as if built from cubes. Art historians did not accept the Cubism, but the paintings are wonderful selling.
Neoclassicism. Colors become brighter, images - clearer. The first marriage to Olga Khokhlova ballerina, the birth of a son.
Surrealism. A clear imprint on the work of family problems: a series of portraits of a woman. New love, daughter's birth. Passion for sculpture.
Pablo Picasso: artist, millionaire, long-lived.
After the war Pablo Picasso Meets Francoise lived, they are born two children. Francoise is a "female flower" in the creative and personal fate of the artist. In 1949, Pablo Picasso created the famous "dove of the world".
In 80 years, Picasso marries Jacqueline Rock, which became his last muse and cared for him until the death of death. Pablo Picasso died in 1973, lived 92 years and created more than 80 thousand works.
Pablo Diego José Francisco de Paula Juan Non-overporn Maria de Los Remedios Sizhriano de la Santisima Trinidad Martyr Patricio Ruiz and Picasso (in Russian Accommodation is also accepted with an emphasis on French manner Picasso, Span. Pablo Diego José Francisco De Paula Juan Nepomuceno María de Los Remedios Cipriano De La Santísima Trinidad Mártir Patricio Ruiz y Picasso). Born on October 25, 1881 in Malaga (Spain) - died on April 8, 1973 in Music (France). Spanish artist, sculptor, schedule, theater artist, ceramist and designer.
The founder of cubism (together with George Marriage and Juan Grasz), in which the three-dimensional body in the original manner was drawn as a number of combined standing planes. Picasso worked a lot like a graph, sculptor, a ceramist, etc., caused a lot of imitators to life and had an exceptional impact on the development of fine art in the 20th century. According to the assessment of the Museum of Contemporary Art (New York), Picasso for his life created about 20 thousand works.
According to expert estimates, Picasso - the most "dear" artist in the world: In 2008, the volume of only official sales of its work amounted to $ 262 million.
On May 4, 2010, Picasso Picture "Nude, Green Leaves and Bust", sold at the "Christis" auction for $ 106,482,000, became the most expensive work of art in the world at that time.
On May 11, 2015, a new absolute record for the works of art sold from open trades was established at the Christis auction, the painting of Pablo Picasso "Algerian women (O)" left for a record 179 365,000 dollars.
According to the survey, 1.4 million readers conducted by the Times newspaper in 2009, Picasso is the best artist among those who lived in the last 100 years. Also, his canvases occupy the first place in "popularity" among the kidnappers.
According to the Spanish tradition, Picasso received two surnames on the first names of the parents: Father - Ruiz and Mother - Picasso. The full name that the future artist received when baptized - Pablo Diego José Francisco de Paula Juan is uncomposed by Maria de Los Remedios Sizhriano (Crispiniano) De La Santisima Trinidad Marthier Patricio Ruis and Picasso.
Surname Picasso by the mother, under which the artist received fame, has Italian origin: Praded Mother Picasso Tommaso moved to Spain at the beginning of the XIX century from Sori's town in Genoa province. In the house on the Malagskaya Square of Merced, where Picasso was born, now houses the artist's house-museum and the foundation that has called his name.
Picasso began to draw from childhood, he received the first lessons of artistic skill with his father - a teacher drawing José Ruisa Blasko, and soon strongly succeeded. At the age of 8, he wrote his first serious picture of oil, "Picador", with which he did not part throughout his life.
In 1891, Don Jose received a teacher drawing teacher in La Coruna, and the young Pablo, along with his family he moved to the north of Spain, where he studied at the local art school (1894-1895).
Subsequently, the family moved to Barcelona, \u200b\u200band in 1895 Picasso entered the school of graceful arts of La Lonch. Pablo turned out only fourteen, so he was too young for admission to La Lonchu. Nevertheless, at the insistence of the Father, it was allowed to surrender entrance exams on a competitive basis. Picasso with brilliance passed all exams and entered La Lonchu. At first he subscribed to his name on the Father Ruiz Blasco, but then chose the mother's name - Picasso.
In early October 1897, Picasso went to Madrid, where he entered the Royal Academy of Fine Arts San Fernando. His stay in Madrid Picasso used mainly for a detailed study of the Collection of the Prado Museum, and not for study at the Academy with its classical traditions, where Picasso was closely and boring.
In Barcelona, \u200b\u200bPicasso returned in June 1898, there he joined the ELS Quatre Gats Art Society, by the name of a bohemian cafe with round tables. In this cafe in 1900, his two first personal exhibitions were held. In Barcelona, \u200b\u200bhe became close to his future friends Carlos Cashamas and Heima Sabartes, who later became characters of his canvases.
In childhood, his mother put his son on the bed and had to read the fairy tales, who herself was invented using emotions from the past day. Then Pablo himself said that it was these fairy tales and prompted the desire to create in it, using the same emotions of one day.
In 1900, Picasso with his friend, the artist Cashamac went to Paris, where he visited the World Exhibition. It was there that Pablo Picasso became acquainted with the work of impressionists. His life at this time was associated with many difficulties, and the suicide of Carlos Cashamace deeply worked on the young Picasso.
In these circumstances, at the beginning of 1902, Picasso began writing in the style of which later the artist's creativity in Barcelona in 1903-1904 was called "Blue". In the works of this time, the themes of old age and death are pronounced, the images of poverty, melancholy and sorrows are characterized ("Woman with a bunch of hair", 1903; Picasso considered: "Who is sad, that sincere"); Move people slowed down, they seem to listen to themselves ("Absinthe Lovers", 1901; "Woman with Shignon", 1901; "Date", 1902; "Beggar Old Man with a boy", 1903; "Tragedy", 1903). Blue shades predominate in the masters palette. Displaying human suffering, Picasso during this period painted blind, beggars, alcoholics and prostitutes. Their pale, partly the elongated bodies in the paintings resemble the work of the Spanish artist El Greco.
The product of the transition period is from "Blue" to "Pink" - "Girl on the Ball" (1905, Museum of Fine Arts, Moscow).
In 1904, Picasso settles in Pariswhere there is a refuge in the famous Montmartremic dormitory for poor artists BATO-Lavarar: the so-called "pink period" beginsin which the sadness and poverty of the "blue period" changed in images from the more lively world of the theater and circus. The artist preferenceed with pink-golden and pink-gray tones, and the characters became mostly stray artists - clowns, dancers and acrobats; The paintings of this period are penetrated by the spirit of the tragic loneliness of the disadvantaged, romantic life of the wandering comedians ("Acrobat family with a monkey", 1905).
From experiments with the color and transfer of mood Picasso addressed the analysis of the form: conscious deformation and destruction of nature ("Avignon girls", 1907), one-sided interpretation of the Cezanne system and the passion for the African sculpture leads it to a completely new genre. Together with George Marriage, whom he met in 1907, Picasso becomes the ancestor of cubism - an artistic direction that rejected the tradition of naturalism and an artistic-cognitive function of art.
Picasso pays special attention to the transformation of forms into geometric blocks ("Factory in Orta de Ebro", 1909), increases and breaks volumes ("Portrait of Fernandand Olivier", 1909), cuts them on the plane and the verge of the space that He considers the hard body, inevitably a limited picture plane ("Portrait of a Canvayler", 1910).
The perspective disappears, the palette is to monochromicity, and although the initial goal of the cubism was more convincing than with the help of traditional techniques, reproduce the feeling of space and severity of the masses, Picasso's paintings are often reduced to incomprehensible rebus.
To return a connection with reality, Picasso and George Marriage is introduced into their pictures typographic font, elements of "sniffs" and coarse materials: wallpaper, pieces of newspapers, matchboxes. Still lifes are beginning to prevail, mainly with musical instruments, tubes and tobacco boxes, notes, bottles with wine, etc. - attributes inherent in the lifestyle of the artistic bohemian of the beginning of the century. The compositions appear "CUBUSTIC TYNOPE": encrypted phone numbers, houses, scraps of the beloved, street names, zucchini.
The collage technique connects the edges of the cubist prism in large planes ("guitar and violin", 1913) or transfers in a calm and humorous opening manner made in 1910-1913 ("Girl Portrait", 1914).
In the "synthetic" period, the desire to harmonize the color, balanced by the compositions that sometimes fit into the oval. Actually, the cubism period in the work of Picasso ends shortly after the beginning of the First World War, dividing him with George Marriage.
Although the artist uses some cubist techniques in their significant works until 1921 ("Three Musicians", 1921).
In September 1916, Writer Writer Jean Cocteau and Composer Eric Sati persuade Picasso to participate in the production of the innovative "surrealistic" ballet "Parade" for the "Russian ballet" Sergey Dyagilev. Picasso is not joking in the idea of \u200b\u200bthis ballet, draws to work, and the scenario, and scenography and scenography completely reworked in the Commonwealth.
The month later he leaves together with the entire body of Russian ballets for two months in Rome, where he performs the scenery, costumes, getting acquainted with the balletmaster of Parade Leonid Mezin and many ballet artists of the Russian troupe.
The introductory manifesto to the play "Parade", "more truthful than the truth itself," in the spring of 1917 he wrote to the Guillaume of Apolliner, declaring him in advance by the Pros. "New Spirit" in art.
Dyagilev deliberately made a bet on a big provocation and prepared it with all the available means. It was exactly how it came.
The grand scandal on May 18, 1917, held at the premiere (and the only submission) of this ballet at the Shatle theater, a lot of contributed to the rise of Picasso's popularity in the wide ranges of Paris Beaujda. The audience in the hall almost threw the performance of the cries of "Russian Bow, the proportion of Russians, Sati and Picasso Bow!". It came even to the scuffle.
The print was rampant, critics announced "Russian ballet" hardly by not traitors, demoralizing French society in the rear during a heavy and unsuccessful war. Here is just one of the relices that came out the next day after the premiere of the Parade. By the way, the author of this article was not at all a marginal critic, but quite respectable Leo Poldes, the owner of the club du Fobur.
Dyagilev remained extremely satisfied with the effect produced. Picasso's cooperation with Russian ballets actively continued after the "parade" (scenery and costumes for the "tri-fingers" Manuel de Fali, 1919). A new form of activity, bright scenic images and large objects resurrect interest in the decolation and theatricalness of the plots.
During the Roman preparation of Parade, Picasso became acquainted with Olga Khokhlova ballerinawho became his first wife. On February 12, 1918, they conclude marriage in the Russian Church in Paris, witnessed their wedding were Jean Cockke, Max Jacob and Guillaume Apolliner. They are born by Son Paulo (February 4, 1921).
Euphoric and conservative atmosphere of post-war Paris, Picasso's marriage at Olga Khokhlova, the success of the artist in society - all this partly explains the return to figurativeness, temporary and more relative, since Picasso continues to write brightly pronounced cubic still lifes ("Mandolin and Guitar", 1924 ).
In 1925, one of the most difficult and uneven periods begins in the work of Picasso. After the epicorean grace of the 1920s ("dance"), Picasso creates an atmosphere of convulsions and hysteria, the surreal world of hallucinations, which can be explained in part by the influence of surreal poets that manifested in some drawings, poems written in 1935, and theatrical play created during the war .
For several years, the imagination of Picasso, it seemed to create only monsters, some broken into parts of the beings ("sitting swimsuit", 1929), screaming ("Woman in a chair", 1929), bloated to the absurdity and shapeless ("Batcher", drawing , 1927) or embodying metamorphic and aggressive-erotic images ("Figures on the seashore", 1931).
Despite some more calmer works, which are in a picturesque plan most significant, stylistically, it was a very variable period ("Girl in front of the mirror", 1932). Women remain the main victims of his cruel unconscious quiet, perhaps because Picasso himself badly laid with his own wife or because simple beauty Mary Teresa WalterWith which he met in March 1932, inspired him to frank sensuality ("Mirror", 1932). She also became a model for several serene and majestic sculptural busts performed in 1932 in the Castle of Bougel, which he acquired in 1930.
In 1930-1934, it was in sculpture all the life power of Picasso: busts and women's nude, in which the influence of Matisse ("Lying Woman", 1932), Animals, Little Figures In the Spirit of Surrealism ("Male with a bouquet", 1934) And especially metallic structures having semi-binding, half-molds and sometimes filled out of coarse materials (it creates them with his friend, the Spanish sculptor Julio Gonzalez - "Design", 1931).
Along with these strange and sharp forms, Picasso engravings to Metamorphosis Ovid (1930) indicate the constancy of its classical inspiration.
In 1937, Picasso Sympathy - on the side of the Republicans fighting in Spain (Series Aquatint "Dreams and Lies to General Franco", printed in the form of postcards, spread from airplanes above the positions of Frankists).
In April 1937, the German and Italian aircraft bombed and destroyed the small town of Basque Gernika - the cultural and political center of the life of this freedom-loving people. For two months, Picasso creates its own "Grant" - a huge canvas that was exhibited in the Republican Pavilion of Spain at the World Exhibition in Paris.
Light and dark monochrome paints seek the feeling from the floors of the fire. In the center of the composition, like the frieze, in the combinatorics of cubistic-surrealistic elements, the fallen warrior, running towards him, and a wounded horse are shown. The main theme is accompanied by images of a crying woman with a dead child and a bull behind her back and a female figure in a flame with trees trees up. In the darkness of a small area, above which the lantern hangs, a long hand is stretched with a lamp as a symbol of hope.
The horror that swept the Picasso before the threat of barbarism who hung over Europe, his fear of war and fascism, the artist did not express directly, but gave his paintings anxious tonality and gloom ("Fishing at night on antiba", 1939), sarcasm, bitterness that not They only touched the children's portraits (Maya and her doll, 1938). And again women became the main victims of this common gloomy mood. Among them - Dora Mahar.With which the artist got close to 1936 and the beautiful person of which he deformed and distorted the grimaces ("Crying Woman", 1937).
Never, the student of the artist was not expressed with such fierce; Screwed with ridiculous hats, the persons depicted in the FAS and the profile, wild, fragmented, dissected later of the bodies, bloated to monstrous sizes, and their parts are connected to the burlesque forms ("Morning Serenade", 1942).
German occupation could not scare Picasso: He remained in Paris from 1940 to 1944. She also did not weaken his activities: portraits, sculptures ("Man with Lamb"), scarce still lifes, which sometimes express all the hopelessness of the era ("still life with a bull skull", 1942).
In 1944, Picasso enters into the Communist Party of France. Humanistic views of Picasso are manifested in his work. In 1950 he draws the famous "Pigeon of the World".
Post-war Creativity Picasso can be called happy. It gets closer to S. Francoise residentialWith which he met in 1945 and who will give him two children, thus granting the theme of his numerous charming family paintings. He leaves Paris to the south of France, reveals for himself the joy of the sun, the beach, the sea.
The works created in 1945-1955, very Mediterranean in spirit, are characteristic of their atmosphere of pagan idyll and the return of the ancient sentiments who find their expression in the pictures and drawings created at the end of 1946 in the halls of the Antibes Museum, who later became the Picasso Museum ("Joy Life ").
In the autumn of 1947, Picasso begins to work at the Madura factory in Valloris. Personal with the problems of crafts and manual labor, he himself performs many dishes, decorative plates, anthropomorphic jugs and animal statuettes ("Centaur", 1958), sometimes several archaic in manner, but always full charm and wit.
Especially important in that period of sculpture ("Pregnant Woman", 1950). Some of them ("goat", 1950; "Monkey with the baby", 1952) are made of random materials (belly goats are made from the old basket) and belong to the masterpieces of the Assembly technique. In 1953, Francoise lived and Picasso diverge. It was for the artist the beginning of a serious moral crisis, which echoes in a wonderful series of drawings, filled between 1953 and the end of the 1954 winter, Picasso in their own way, in a puzzling and ironic manner, expressed bitterness of old age and its skepticism to the most Painting.
In Valloris, the artist began in 1954 a series of portrait images "Silvett". In the same year, Picasso meets with Jacqueline RockWhich in 1958 will be his wife and inspires a series of statuarians.
In 1956, the documentary tape about the artist "The Mystery of Picasso" came to the French screens.
The works of the last fifteen years of creativity of the artist are very diverse and unequal in quality ("workshop in Cannes", 1956). It is possible, however, to highlight the Spanish source of inspiration ("The portrait of the artist, in the imitation of El Greco", 1950) and the elements of the Tavromakhi (Picasso was a passionate fan of popular in the south of France Borrida), expressed in drawings and watercolors in the spirit of Goya (1959-1968).
Picasso died on April 8, 1973 in Music (France) at his Villa Notre Dame de Vi. He was buried near the castle who belonged to him. Picasso had a huge influence on artists of many countries, becoming the largest artist of the 20th century.
Personal life Pablo Picasso:
Pablo Picasso was married twice.
The first time on Olga Khokhlova (1891-1955) - in 1917-1935. They had a son Paulo (1921-1975).
The second time - on Jacqueline Rock (1927-1986) - in 1961-1973, there were no children. Picasso widow committed suicide.
In addition, he had extramarital children: from Mari Teres Walter - Maya's daughter (born 1935), from Francohae lived (born 1921) - Son Claude (born 1947) and daughter Palom (born 1949), French designer.
Interesting facts about Pablo Picasso:
In 2006, the owner of the casino Steve Winn, who bought a picture of Picasso "Sleep" in the 1990s for $ 48.4 million, agreed to sell this masterpiece cubism for 139 million US collector Stephen Cohen. The deal did not take place, as Winn, suffering from the eye and badly imaginary, embarrassing turned and pinched the canvas elbow. He himself called the happening "the most clumsy and stupid gesture in the world." After the restoration, the picture was put on the auction "Christies", where March 27, 2013 was still acquired by Cohen for 155 million dollars. According to the report of Bloomberg, at that time it was the maximum amount paid for the work of art by the American collector.
In the spring of 2015, the Picture of Picasso "Algerian women" (FR. Les Femmes D "Algers) was sold in New York for $ 179 million, becoming the most expensive picture ever sold from the auction.
British actor Brian Blissed (Brian Blessed) told the publishing of The Telegraph about how at the age of 12 met with the world famous artist Pablo Picasso. The meeting occurred during the World Congress of the World in British Sheffield in 1950. Young blossom approached the artist and asked to draw him something, if the "really Picasso". The Spaniard made on a sheet of paper sketch in the form of a dove of the world, however, the young Englishman did not appreciate the drawing and stated: "It shows that you are not Picasso, this is not a pigeon." According to Blossis, Picasso replied to him that for the first time hears such criticism. The future actor threw a piece of paper on the floor, "throwing about 50 million pounds" (approximately $ 75 million). Later, the sheet picked up, and now he is stored in the Sheffield Gallery as a symbol of the World Congress. This case of the Blossid itself, which became famous thanks to the 1980 film "Flash Gordon", called the "harsh financial lesson."
Pablo Picasso is a talented artist, he was considered the best among those who lived last century. Everything related to the artist himself has never been simply ... His unusual fate - the biography was programmed from the very moment of the appearance of the appearance: October 25, 1881 in the house 15 on the Square de la Merced in Malaga. The child was born dead. His uncle, Dr. Salvador, was present at birth, in this, the famophic situation did the most shocking way - he calmly lit the Havana cigar and exhaled caustic smoke in the face of the infant. Everyone screamed from horror - including the flared and newborn.
Childhood and youth
When baptized, the baby received the name of Pablo Diego José Francisco de Paula Juan Nepomussed Maria de Los Remedios Crispin Crispinian De La Santisima Trinidad Ruiz-and-Picasso. According to the Spanish custom, parents included in this list of names of all their distant ancestors. Among them, Archbishop of Lima, and the Vice-King of Peru, and the Vice-king of Peru were among them. The artist in the family was one - Father Pablo. José Rus, however, did not achieve any significant success on this field. In the end, he became the caretaker of the museum of arts with a meager salary and a bunch of bad habits. Therefore, the family kept mainly on the mother of the little Pablo - Energetic and Volve Maria Picasso Lopez.Fate did not indulge this woman. Her father, Don Francisco Picasso Guardena, was considered a rich man in Malaga - he owned the vineyards on the slope of Mount Hibrafaro. But, having heard the stories about America, he left his wife with three daughter in Malaga and went to make money in Cuba, where he soon died from the yellow fever. As a result, his family was forced to earn a life with washing and sewing. In 25 years, Maria married Don Jose, the firstborn Pablo was born a year later, behind him - two sisters, Dolores and Copter. But the beloved child still remained Pablo.
According to Dona Mary, "he was so beautiful, like an angel and a demon at the same time, that it was impossible to remove the eyes from him." It was the mother who formed in the nature of Pablo unshakable self-confidence, which accompanied him all his life. "If you are a soldier. "She said to the baby," they will certainly serve to the general, and if the monk - you will become a dad. " This sincere admiration for the child was shared with his mother and his grandmother, and two aunts who moved to live in their home. Pablo, brought up surrounded by women who loved him, said that since childhood was accustomed to the fact that there should always be a loving woman, ready to fulfill any capricious.
Another childhood impression in the biography of Pablo, fundamentally influenced Picasso for the whole life, was an earthquake of 1884. Half of the city was destroyed, more than six hundred citizens killed thousands - injured. Pablo for his whole life I remembered an ominous night when my father miraculously managed to pull him out of the ruins of his home. Few people guess that torn and angular lines of cubism are an echo of that very earthquake, when the usual world crumbled on the part.
Pablo began to draw in six years. "Houses in the corridor stood a statue. Hercules with a double, "Picasso told. - Here, I sat down and painted this Hercules. And it was not a children's drawing, it was quite realistic. " Of course, Don Jose immediately saw his business in Pablo and began to teach her son the basics of painting and drawing. Father's rigid Muster, d days, "his hand" son, Pablo remember for many years. At the age of 65, having visited the exhibition of children's drawings, he bitterly noticed: "When I was as many years old how many children, I knew how to draw like Rafael. Required for many years so that I learned to draw, like these children! "
In 1891, a 10-year-old Pablo began to attend painting courses in La Coruna. Where did his father, who gained the position of the teacher, was arranged. Pablo studied in La Coruna for not long. At the age of 13, he considered himself enough independent to live without parents who really did not like his numerous novels, including young school teachers. Especially since the Pablo studied badly, and the Father had to ask for the director of the school, his acquaintance, not to drive his son. In the end, Pablo himself left school and went to Barcelona to enter the Academy of Arts.
Received not without difficulty - the teachers did not believe that the picture presented to them was not an adult man, but a boy who was the 14th year. Pablo was very angry when he called "boy." Already at the age of 14, he was a regulance of public houses, which at that time was a lot next to the Academy of Arts. "Sex from the young nails was the favorite of my occupation," Picasso admitted. We, Spaniards, is Mesa in the morning, Corrida afternoon and brothel late in the evening. "
As his classmate Manuel Paliares later recalled from the biography of that time, once Pablo lived in one of the houses of tolerance and as payment for the post, the walls of the brothel frescoes of erotic content painted. At the same time, night trips on the brothels did not interfere with Pablo devote all their days of religious painting. The young artist even ordered several paintings to decorate the female monastery. One of them is "science and mercy" - was awarded a diploma at the national exhibition in Madrid. Unfortunately, most of these canvases died during the Civil War in Spain.
And also, I recalled fellow students the biography of your friend, Pablo was constantly in love with someone. His first love was called Rosit Del Oro. She was more than ten years older than him, worked as a dancer in the popular Barcelonian cabaret. Rosita, as later, many Picasso women, recalled that Pablo struck her with his "magnetic" look, literally hypnotized it. This hypnosis "acted as many as five years. In the memory of Picasso Rosita remained the only woman, who, after parting, did not speak about him nasty.
They broke up when Pablo went to Madrid to enroll in the Academy of Arts San Fernando, who was considered at that time the most advanced school of arts in all Spain. He arrived there very easily, but lasted at the Academy only 7 months. The teachers recognized the young men's talent, but could not be cited with his character: Pabloy fell into rage, when he was pointed out how and what to draw.
As a result, the first six months of study, he spent most of the time "under the arrest" - in the Academy of San Fernando, there was a special Carter for those who guessed students. At the seventh month of his "imprisonment", during which Pablo became friends with the Gakico, as he, a challenge student, Karles Kasaagemas, the son of the United States consul in Barcelona, \u200b\u200ba typical representative of "Golden Youth", and he decided on his homosexual inclinations Go from the country.
Live Cezanne in Spain, "he said," it would probably be shot at all ... "Together with Casaagemas, they set off to Paris - to Montmartre, where, as they said, real art and freedom reign.
Money for the trip Pablo, 300 peasses, gave father. He once was going to conquer Paris and very much wanted the surname Ruice to find out the whole world. When rumors reached him, that, being in Paris. Pablo began to sign his work of the Mother's Mother's New Same - Picasso, Hos Ruisa, had a heart attack.
"Can you imagine me to be Ruis? - Many years later, Picasso was justified, - or Diego-José Ruis? Or Juan-Nepomrusive Ruis? No, my mother's surname always seemed better for me than my father's surname. This surname seemed strange, and there was a double "C", rarely found in the Spanish surnames, because Picasso is the Italian surname. And besides, have you ever paid attention to the double "C" in the names of Matisse, Poussin? "
From the first time to conquer Paris Picasso failed. CasAghamas, with whom Picasso shared the apartment on the Street of Kololekur, already on the second day after arrival, forgotten about all his "homosexual chic", the Germain Florentine fell in a simplicist. She did not hurry to respond to the reciprocal Spaniard. As a result, Carles fell into a terrible depression, and young artists, forgotten about the goal of their arrival, held two months in a disobedic drunkenness. After that, Pablo Rubbed his buddy in an oakha and went back to Spain, where he tried to return him to life. In February 1901, Carles, saying nothing Pablo, went to Paris, where he tried to shoot Germain, and then committed suicide.
This event was so shocked by Pablo, which, returning in April 1901 to Paris, he first went to the fatal beauty of Germain and unsuccessfully tried to persuade her to become his muse. That is what is not a mistress, but a muse, because Picasso elementary did not have money even to feed her dinner. There was not enough money even on the paints - just then was born his brilliant "blue period", and the blue and gray paint forever became for Pablo synonymous poverty.
He lived in those years in a dilapidated house in Ravignan Square, called Bato Lavarar, that is, Barge Laundry. In this barn without light and hepes, the communes of the beggar of artists, mainly emigrants from Spain and Germany. Doors in Bato Lavaro Nobody stored, all the property was general. The generals were both the simulators and girlfriends. Of the dozens of women who have shared the bed with Picasso, the artist himself recalled only two.
The first was a kind of Madeleine (her only portrait is kept now in the Tate Gallery in London). As Picasso himself, in December 1904, Madeleine became pregnant, and he seriously thought about the marriage. But because of the eternal cold in Bato-Lavar, the pregnancy ended with miscarriage, and Picasso soon fell in love with the faithful girl with green eyes, the first beauty of Bato-Lavar. She all knew how Fernanda Olivier, although her real name was Amelie Lat. It was rumored that she was an extramarital daughter a notable man.
In Bato Lavaro, where she earned a living, posing by artists, Fernanda fell fifteen years after the death of the mother.
The opium helped them rapprochement. In September 1905, Pablo invited Fernanda to celebrate the sale of one of his paintings - his works began to be interested in galleries - in the literary club on Montparnasse, where both future geniuses were gathered and succeeding. After absinthe Pablo offered the girl to smoke on the tube fashionable at the time of the drug, and in the morning she discovered themselves in Picasso bed. "Love broke out, overwhelming me with passion," she recorded in her diary, which many years later published in the form of the book "Love Picasso". - He conquered my heart sad, begging the vigilant of his huge eyes, who pierced me besides the will ...
Personal life
Folding Fernanda, the jealous Picasso first did a reliable lock and, leaving Bato Lavarar, wrote his mistress every time in his room. Fernanda did not object, because she had no shoes, and Picasso had no money to buy them. And it was difficult to find a person in all Paris in all of Paris than she. Fernanda could not go outside, lying on the sofa, having sex or read boulevard novels. Every morning, Picasso stole milk and croissants for her, which were left at the doors of good bourgeois on the next street.
The poverty retreated, and the depressive "blue" period in the work of Picasso gently moved to a calmer "pink" when the rich collectors became interested in paintings of the young Spaniard. The first was Gertrud Stein, the daughter of an American millionaire who escaped to Paris for the charms of bohemian life. However, she paid a little money for the paintings by Picasso, but he introduced him to Henri Matisse, Modigliani and other artists who tasted tone in art.
The second millionaire was Russian, the merchant Sergey Shchukin. They met in the same 1905 on Montmartre, where Pablo for a couple of francs drew cartoons on passersby. They drank at the acquaintance, after which they went to the Picasso workshop, where the Russian guest acquired a couple of paintings by the artist - for a hundred francs. For Picasso, it was a huge amount of money. It was Schukin, who regularly buying pictures of Picasso, finally pulled him out of poverty and helped him stand on his feet. Russian merchant gathered 51 Picasso painting - this is the world's largest collection of artist's works, and it is Schukin that we are owned by the fact that the original Picasso's original and in the Hermitage and the Museum of Fine Arts them. Pushkin.
But with prosperity came the end of family happiness. Fernanda briefly enjoyed life in a luxurious apartment on a clutch boulevard, where there was a real piano, mirrors, maid and cook. And the first step to parting was made by Fernanda. The thing is. In 1907, Picasso was carried away by the new direction in art - cubism, and presented his picture of Avignon Girls to the public. The picture caused a real scandal in the press: "This canvas stretched on the subframe is quite controversial, but confidently fan with paint, and the appointment of this canvas is unknown," Paris newspapers wrote. - There is nothing that might interest. You can guess the picture of rudely drawn female figures. What are they for? What do they want to express or at least demonstrate? What did the author do it? "
But even a bigger scandal broke out at home at Picasso. Fernanda, which was not at all interested in fashion trends in art, perceived this picture as a mockery of himself personally. Say, using it as a model for the picture. Pablo specifically, "From Jealousy, I was disgusting her face and the body that so many artists enthusiastically bete." And Fernanda decided to "take revenge": she began to take away from the house and pose artists in Bato Lavarar in nude. It is not difficult to imagine the rage of the jealousness of Picasso, who did not allow and thoughts so that his beloved poses for another artist when he saw portraits of her friend in the genre "Nu" on Montmartre.
Since then, their joint life has become an incessant scandal. Picasso tried to be at home as much as possible, spending most of the time in the Hermitage cafe, "where he met the Polish artist Ludwig Marcussis and his girlfriend, a miniature 27-year-old Eve Guell. She is unlike Fernanda - to modern painting treated calmly and willingly posed Pablo for his portraits in the style of cubism. One of them, who Picasso called "My Beauty," she took both recognition in love and reciprocating him.
So when in 1911, Picasso and Fernanda Olivier broke up, the hostess in the new house of the artist on the Boulevard decay became Eva Guell. However, in Paris they were rarely, only when the gams were held exhibitions, in which Picasso was invited to participate. They traveled with great pleasure in Spain and England, lived in Serya, at the foot of the Pyrenees, then in Avignon. It was, as they said, "endless pre-wedding journey." It ended in the spring of 1915, when Pablo and Eve decided to get married, but did not have time. Eva got sick with tuberculosis and died. "My life turned into hell. - wrote Pablo in a letter to Gertrude Stein. - Poor Eva is dead, I feel unbearable pain ... "
Picasso was seriously worried about the death of her beloved. He stopped watching himself, dartlessly drank, he smoked opium and did not get out of the brothels. So it lasted for almost two years, until the poet Jean Cocketon persuaded Picasso to take part in his new theater project. Cocketon has long been collaborated with Sergey Dyagilev, the owner of the famous "Russian ballet", painted posters for the entrepreneurs of Nizhinsky and Karsavina, composed Libretto, but then he invented the ballet "Parade", a strange action without a plot, and there was less music in it than street noise .
Picasso until the day to the ballet was indifferent, but the proposal of Kokto is interested. In February 1917, he went to Rome, where the Russian ballerinas flew from the horrors of the civil war at that moment. There, in Italy, Picasso gained a new love. It was Olga Khokhlov, the daughter of the officer of the Russian army and one of the most beautiful ballerinas troupe.
Picasso became interested in Olga with all inherent temperament. After extravagant Fernanda and temperamental Eva, Olga attracted him with his tranquility, commitment to traditional values \u200b\u200band classical, almost antique beauty.
"Carefully," Dyagilev warned him, "you need to marry Russian girls."
"You are joking," the artist answered him, confident that he would always remain the master of the situation. But everything came out as Degilev said.
Already at the end of 1917, Pablo took Olga to Spain to introduce her with his parents. Donya Maria warmly accepted a Russian girl, went to performances with her participation and once warned her: "With my son, which was created only for himself and for anyone else, no woman can be happy." But Olga did not lose this warning.
On July 12, 1918, the marriage ceremony was held in the Orthodox Cathedral of Alexander Nevsky in Paris. Honeymoon they spent in the arms of each other in Biarritz, forgetting about war, revolution, ballet and painting.
"Upon return, they settled in a two-story apartment on La Bohei Street," Picasso's friend's life, a Hungarian photographer and an artist Dul Halas, who are more famous for Brassey, in the book "Meeting with Picasso" described their lives. - One Floor Picasso took away his studio, the other was given to his wife. She turned it into a classic secular salon with cozy canapes, porters and mirrors. Spacious dining room with a large, sliding table, serving table, in every corner - on a round table on one leg; The living room is withstanding in white colors, in the bedroom - a double bed trimmed.
Everything was thought out to the smallest details, and anywhere neither dust, parquet and furniture glitter. This apartment absolutely not knitted with the usual style of the artist's life: there was neither the unusual furniture that he loved so, not one of those strange items that he liked to surround himself, neither scattered as it would have things. Olga jealously defended possession, which she considered his property, from the influence of the bright and strong Picasso personality. And even hanging pictures of the Picasso of the Cubist period, in large beautiful frames, looked as if they belong to a rich collector ... "
Picasso himself was gradually turned into a succeed bourgeois with all the enlightestation of this provision by external attributes of success. He bought the Hispan-Suiiza limousine, hired a driver in Livreye, began to wear expensive costumes stitched by famous Parisian tailors. The artist led a stormy light life, not passing the prime minister in the theater and at the Opera, visited the techniques and dating evenings - always accompanied by his beautiful and refined wife: he was in the zenith of his "secular" period.
The crown of this period was the birth of Son Paolo in February 1921. This event agitated Picasso - he did endless drawings of his son and his wife, marking them not only day, but also an hour when he painted them. All of them are performed in the neoclassical style, and women in his image resemble the Olympic deities. Olga Gagck believed to a child with almost painful passion and adoration.
But over time, this beautiful, measured life began to appear to Picasso with his curse. "The more he rich, the stronger he envied the other Picasso, who once wore the robe mechanic and junteled with Fernanda in the Bato Lavoire blown by the winds - wrote Brassey - Soon Picasso left the top apartment and moved to live in his workshop on the lower floor. And, without a doubt, never a single "respectable" apartment was not so unsequisited.
It consisted of four or five rooms, each - on the fireplace with a marble board, over which the mirror was concerned. The furniture from the rooms was carried out, and instead of her paintings, cardons, packages, shapes from sculptures, bookshelves, pine paper pockets ... The doors of all rooms were open, and maybe just removed from the loops, so that this huge apartment turned In one large space, broken into the shortcings, each of which was assigned to perform certain work.
Parquet, long-time not rolled floor covered with a carpet of cigarettes ... Molbert Picasso stood in the biggest and most bright room - without a doubt, there was once a living room; It was the only one at least a furnished room in this strange apartment. Madame Picasso never went into this workshop, and since, with the exception of several friends, Picasso did not let anyone there, dust could behave as she wakes up, without fear that the female hand would take the order. "
Olga felt like her husband gradually returns to his inner world - the world of art in which she did not have access. From time to time, she sat down the stormy scenes of jealousy, in response Picasso closed even more in himself. "She wanted too much from me," said Picasso later about Olga. - It was the worst period in my life. " He began to releasing his irritation in painting, depicting his wife in the form of an old klyachi, then - the evil megera. Nevertheless, Picasso did not want a divorce.
After all, then, according to the conditions of their marriage contract, all their state would have to share, and most importantly - his paintings. Therefore, Olga remained the official wife of the artist before his death. She argued that he did not cease to love Picasso. He answered her: "You love me, how they love a piece of chicken, trying to tempt him to the bone!"
Marie-Teresa became his "woman on Thursdays" - Picasso came to her only once a week. So it lasted until 1935, when she gave him Maya's daughter. Then he led Marie Teresu with his daughter to the house and presented Olga: "This child is a new product of Picasso."
It seemed, after such a statement, the gap was inevitable. Olga left their apartment, moving to the suburb of Paris at the villa. Many years later, Picasso argued that oils in the fire in their conflict with his wife added politics - in those years the civil war unfolded in Spain, and the artist began to support communists and Republicans. Olga, as it should be the nobility of the victim from the Bolsheviks, was on the side of the monarchists. Nevertheless, it never reached the divorce. His promise before Mari-Teresa Picasso also did not fulfill - Maya never received the last name of his father, and in her birth certificate in the column "Father" remained a fiber. However, after some time, Picasso agreed ... Become a godfather of Maya.
In 1936, another change occurred in the biography of personal life Picasso. His new mistress became Maar - a photographer, an artist and just a bohemian party. They met in the cafe "Two Cubes". Picasso loved her hands - the Dora entertained the fact that, putting his palm on the table, the knife quickly stunned between the estate fingers. Several times she hurt the skin, but it seemed, did not notice the blood and did not feel pain. The affected Picasso immediately fell in love with her ears.
In addition, the Dora was the only one of all women Picasso, who understood the sense in painting and sincerely admired Pablo pictures. It was the Dora that created a unique photo report about the creative process of Picasso, fixing on the camera all the attacks of the creation of the Gernik's epochelon cannon, dedicated to the town of Basque destroyed by the fascists.
Then, however, it turned out that, along with these and other advantages. The Dora had one, but a very significant disadvantage -one was to the extreme of nervous. A little bit - broke out with tears. "I could never write her smiling," recalled later Picasso, "for me she was always a crying woman."
Therefore, the Picasso prone to depression preferred to keep a new mistress at a distance. The Picasso House was filled with a man - his driver Marseille and Institute friend Sabartes, who became the personal secretary of the artist. "Those who believed that the artist's secular life forgot about the young years, then independence, about the joys of friendship, was deeply mistaken," wrote Brassey. - When the problems have surveyed Picasso, when he is exhausted from permanent family scandals to such an extent that he even stopped writing, he called Sabartes, who had long moved to the United States with his wife. Picasso asked Sabartes to return to Europe and settle with him, with him ...
That was a cry of despair: the artist worried the worst crisis in his life. And in November, Sabartes came and began to work: he began to disassemble the books and papers of Picasso, reprinting his verses written from the hand. From this time, they became inseparable, as if traveler and his shadow ... "
Threesome they survived and the second world war. Despite the fact that the Nazis called his paintings "falcon" or the "Bolshevik Maznei", Picasso decided to risk and staying in Paris. "In the occupied city, life was heavy even for Picasso: he could not get gasoline for the car and coal to protruding the workshop. - wrote Sabartes. "And he, like everyone else, had to adapt to military reality: stand in queues, ride the subway or on the bus that were rarely packed and always were packed. In the evenings, it was almost always possible to meet him in a hot hidden "Cafe de Flor", in a circle of friends, where he felt like at home, if not better ...
In the "Cafe de Flore" Picasso and met Francoise lived. He approached her table with a large vase, full of cherry, and offered to treat. Take a conversation. It turned out that the girl threw training in Sorbonne for painting. For this, the father kicked her out of the house, but Francoise was not silent. She earned a living and study, giving riding lessons. "Such a beautiful woman can not be an artist," the Master exclaimed and invited her to himself ... Accept the bath. In the occupied Paris, hot water was luxury. "However, he added. "If you are more than to wash, I want to see my paintings, then it is better to go to the museum."
Picasso was very wary of the fans of her talent. But for Francoise he made an exception. Brashai wrote: "Picasso was conquered by the small mouth of Francoise, plump lips, dense hair, framing her face, huge and slightly asymmetrical green eyes, a thin waist of a teenager and rounded outline forms. Picasso was conquered by Franção and allowed her to embrace himself. He loved her as if the feeling was for the first time came to him ... But always greedy and always faded, like the Seville seducer, he never allowed a woman to enslave himself, freeing from her power in creativity. For him, a love adventure was not an end in itself, but a necessary incentive for the realization of creative opportunities, which were immediately embodied in new, paintings, drawings, engravings and sculptures.
Already after the war, Francoise gave birth to Picasso two children: Claude's son in 1947 and daughter Palo - in 1949. It seemed that the 70-year-old artist finally gained his happiness. What could not be said about his girlfriend, which eventually found that all previous women continue to play a role in the life of Pablo. So, if they drove into the south of France in the summer, then the rest was necessarily revived by the presence of Olga, who shown it with the streams of Brani. In Paris, Thursdays and Sundays were days when Picasso went to visit Dore Mahar or invited her for lunch.
As a result, in 1953, Francoise, picking up children, left the artist. For Picasso, it was a complete surprise. Francoise stated that she "I don't want to spend the rest of life with a historical monument." This phrase soon became known to the whole Paris. Over Picasso, which boasted that "no woman leaves such men as he," began to laugh.
Salvation from Shame, he found in the arms of a new favorite - Jacqueline Rock, 25-year-old saleswomen from the supermarket in the resort town of Valloris, near which the artist Villa was located. Jacqueline alone brought up 6-year-old daughter Katrina and. Being a very rational woman, I understood that such a chance, how to become a companion of an already elderly and rich artist, she should not miss. She was neither such sensual as Fernanda nor such a gentle as Eve, there was no gracefulness of Olga and beauty Marie-Teresa, she was not so smart as the Mahar Dor, and such a talented as Francoise. But she had one huge advantage - for the sake of life with Picasso, she was ready for everything. She called him just God. Or Monsignor - like a bishop. She, with a smile, endured all his whims, depressed, constitution, followed the diet and never asked anything. For the Picasso, exhausted by family straightening, it has become a real salvation. And his second official wife.
Olga died from cancer in 1955, freeing the Picasso OA commitment of a marriage contract. Wedding Jacqueline Rock was played in March 1961. The ceremony was different - drank only water, ate soup and chicken, remaining since yesterday. The further life of the couple, which occurred in the estate of Notre Dame-de-vi in \u200b\u200bMusic, was distinguished by the same modesty and solitude. "I refuse to see people, said the artist to Brassey his friend. -What for? What for? No one would have wished such fame to anyone's worst enemies. I suffer from it psychologically, I defend how I can: I build real barricades, although the doors in the afternoon and night locked on a double castle. " Jacqueline was on hand - she was not going to share his genius.
Gradually, she was so subordinated to her Picasso that almost everything solved him. At first she quarreled him with all his friends, then she managed to inspire her husband that children and grandchildren are just waiting for his death to get the inheritance.
Last years
Recent years of the biographies of the artist remembered to his relatives as a real nightmare. So, the granddaughter of the artist Marina Picasso in his book - "Picasso, my grandfather" recalled that the artist's villa reminded her an impregnable bunker, surrounded by barbed wire: "The father holds my hand. Silently approach the gate of the grandfather mansion. Father calls the bell. As before, fear instantly inspired. Watchman is coming out. "Monsieur Paul, have you been appointed Randevo?" --De, "Father-Kamfort.He lets my fingers so that I do not feel how his palm became wet. "Now I recognize whether the owner will accept you." The gate slams. It rains, but we have to wait for the owner. As it was last Saturday. And before that on Thursday. We are covered by the feeling of guilt. The gate is revealed again, and the watchman drops, throwing her eyes: "The owner cannot accept today. Madame Jacqueline asked to convey that he was working ... "When after several attempts, his father managed to see him, he asked for the Maunda. I stood before my father. My grandfather got a bundle of bills, and his father, exactly the thief, took them. Suddenly Pablo (we could not call His "grandfather") began to shout: "You are not able to take care of your children yourself. You can't earn money! You can't do anything yourself! You will always be mediocrity. "
After a few years, these trips have stopped - Picasso has lost all interest in children and grandchildren. However, and to Jacqueline Rock, he also began to treat it cold. "I will die, so never overgrowful anyone," he once admitted.
"My grandfather was never interested in the fate of his loved ones. He was worried only his work, from whom he suffered or was happy. He loved the children only for their innocence in his paintings, and women for sexual and cannibal impulses, which those in him were excited ... Once, I was then nine years. I fainted from exhaustion. I was led to the doctor, and the doctor was very surprised that the granddaughter of Picasso is in such a state. And he wrote him a letter with a request to send me to the medical center. My grandfather did not answer - he was still. "
End of the life of the artist
On the morning of April 8, 1973, Pablo Picasso died from inflammation of the lungs. Shortly before death, the artist said "My death will become a shipwreck. When a large ship dies, everything that is around him is delayed in a funnel. "So it happened. His grandson of Pablato, in spite of everything that preserved a limitless love for her grandfather, asked to allow him to attend the funeral, but Jacqueline Rock responded with refusal. On the day of the funeral, Pabito drank a bottle with decoran - bleaching chemical liquid, and burned the insides. "He died a few days later in the hospital," Marina Picasso recalled. - I could only find money for the funeral. The newspapers have already reported that the grandson of the Great Artist, who lived a few hundred meters from his villa in full poverty, could not survive the death of his grandfather. We were rescued by comrades in college. Not to mention me a word, they collected the amount needed for funerals from their pocket money. "
"Each positive value has its value in negative terms"
Two years later, the son of Pablo, Paolo died - he dug a lot, surviving the death of his son. In 1977, Marie-Teresa Walter hanged himself. Mahar died and died in a poverty, although in her apartment there were many paintings presented to her Picasso. She refused to sell them. The Jacqueline Rock itself was tightened to the funnel. After the death of his Monsignor, she began to behave strange - all the time spoke to Picasso as if he was alive. In October 1986, on the day of the opening of the artist's exhibition in Madrid, she suddenly realized that Picasso had no long ago, and she laughed a bullet in his forehead.
Marina Picasso suggested that if her grandfather found out about these tragedies, he would not really worried. "Each positive value has its value in negative terms." - loved to repeat the artist.
Pablo Ruiz Picasso is one of the most notable figures that have enormous influence on the art of the 20th century. For its long-term creative career, which lasted more than 75 years, he created thousands of creations, among which not only picturesque canvas, but also engravings, scenography, ceramics, mosaic and numerous sculptures made using various materials. He was one of the most revolutionary artists in the history of Western painting. Picasso worked and developed in his element with an incredible life force, at an accelerated pace inherent in the rapid century. Each direction of his activity was the embodiment of a radically new idea. It seems that in one of the fate of the Creator, several artistic lives fit immediately. The Spanish artist was a central figure in the development of cubism, laid the foundations of the concept of abstract art.
Childhood
Pablo appeared on October 25, 1881 in the Andalusian region of the South of Spain. After the occurrence of midwife, the baby was dead, as the childbirth was long and heavy. His uncle, the doctor named Salvador, literally saved a newborn, having released the smoke from Cigar towards the baby, who immediately responded on the smell of desperate roar. The full name obtained by baptism contains 23 words. He was inflicted in honor of various saints and relatives.
His father José Ruiz Blasko came from the ancient, rich kind of northwest of Spain. He was an artist, taught at the school of fine arts, founded by the Academy of Arts and located in the building of San Telmo, the old monastery of Jesuit, and served as a curator in the municipal museum. The school of arts in Malaga worked since 1851. The artist owes his name Mary Picasso Lopez. He actively used it since 1901.
According to legend, one of the first spoken words was "PIZ", a reduction from "Lápiz", which means "pencil". Pablo loved to draw from childhood. Father fully controlled the art education of the Son. He himself gave him lessons and sent him aged five years to school in which he worked. Being the son of an academic painter and inspired by his works, Pablo began to create from an early age. In childhood, his father often took him into battle battle, and one of his early paintings contained the scene of the Corrida.
In 1891, the Father receives a teaching position at the Institute in La Coruna, and in 1892 Pablo entered the same educational institution as a student. For three years, he received a classic art education. Under the academic leadership of the Father, he developed his artistic talent with an extraordinary speed.
years of education
In January 1895, when Picasso was a teenager, his younger sister of the finish died from diphtheria. This tragic event influenced family plans. By the same period, Juan was adopted as a teacher at the Art Academy in La Londzh, and the family moves. Father contributed to the independence of Pablo, removing him the studio in Barcelona.
A year later, he was adopted as a student of the Royal Academy of San Fernando in Madrid. He demonstrated his wonderful ability, completing the entrance exam in one day, which was allocated for a whole month, despite the fact that it was younger than officially required for training. With the financial assistance of their relatives, Pablo goes to study in Madrid at the end of 1897. However, Pablo was boring classic techniques for art school. He did not want to draw as artists of the past, but I wanted to create something new. Returning in 1900 in Barcelona, \u200b\u200bhe often visited the famous cafe focused on meeting the intelligentsia and artists "Four Cat". His visit to Orta de Ebro from 1898 to 1899 and his connection with the group in the cafe in 1899 had crucial importance for early artistic development. It was in Barcelona that he moved away from traditional classical methods, bending to an experimental and innovative approach to painting. In this literary and artistic environment, many adherents of modern French art were collected from France, as well as Catalan traditional and folk art. There is a myth that his father was so impressed with the abilities of the Son that in 1894 he shrewd himself, but in fact José continued to draw until death. Picasso relations with his parents became tense when he stopped studying. In the cafe, he became friends with the young Catalan painter Carlos Kashamas, with whom later moved to France.
In 1900, the first exhibition of Picasso took place in Barcelona, \u200b\u200band in the autumn he went to Paris.
Paris period
At the turn of the twentieth century, Paris was the center of the International Art World. For painters, it was the birthplace of impressionists who portrayed the world around the world with the help of smears or strokes from non-shaped colors to create a sense of real reflected light. Although their work and retained certain ties with the outside world, certain trends were observed for abstractionism. After leaving Spain, Picasso at the World Exhibition in Paris introduced his picture "Recent Moments".
However, the trip to the capital of art was overshadowed. Friend of the artist fell into depression due to unfortunate and painful love stories with a dancer from Moulin Ruju. They decided to spend a vacation in the native city of Picasso, but it was not destined to happen. Carlos committed suicide, a shot in the temple. Pablo was so crushed by this loss that it could not not affect his work. He writes several portraits of a friend in a coffin. Picasso comes to the "blue period" of his creativity, during which the longing and depressiveness are through the canvas, replete blue tones. Over the next four years, blue color dominated in its pictures. He painted people with elongated features of the face. Some of his paintings of this period depicted poor people, beggars, sad and dark people.
Two outstanding examples of the works of the "Blue Picasso period":
- "Old guitarist";
- "Beggar old man with a boy";
- "A life";
- "Woman with a bunch of hair."
In 1902, two artist exhibitions were organized. Nevertheless, he lives and works with almost no livelihood in Max Jacob's room. From the deep depression on the death of a close friend of Carlos Cashamace helped to get out a love story with Fernanda Olivier, its former first. He fell in love with a Frenchwoman and lived with her until 1912. The paintings began to fill with warmer colors, among which the shades of red, beige, orange. Art historians call this time in the life of Pablo "Pink Period". The plots were the image of happier scenes, among which there were a circus topics.
Picasso acquired a permanent Paris Studio in 1904. His studio soon became the meeting place for artists and writers of the city. Soon in the circle of friends they entered the poet Guillaume Apolliner, Max Jacob, Lev and Gertrud Stein, Andre Salmo, two agents: Ambruz Voland and Berta Weil.
Since 1905, he was increasingly interested in visual techniques. This interest seemed to have awakened thanks to late paintings of the field of Cezanne.
In the period between 1900 and 1906, he tried almost all the basic styles of painting. At the same time, his own style has changed with an extraordinary speed. Steinov introduce him to Henri Matisse. Portrait of Gertruda Stein, began a series of experiences of portrait abstraction, inspired by Iberian sculpture, the exhibition of which Picasso visited in Louvre in the spring of 1906.
Picasso and cubism
Avignon girls became an attempt to Picasso forget their past relationships. Made in the new revolutionary manner, under the influence of the art of Cezanna and Negro, the picture became the founder of the originating pictorial direction, whose parent is considered to be Picasso.
Together with the painter and friend George marriage in 1907, he began his visual experiments. Cubism was a new artist's artistic concept, through which Pablo tried to challenge the generally accepted laws of copying nature. Objects fall on the cloth by cutting and fault faults to emphasize the two canvas dimensions.
Between 1907 and 1911, Picasso continued to decompose the visible world into smaller verge of monochrome planes. At the same time, his work became increasingly abstract. The most striking examples, visually illustrating the development of the direction, are the canvas: "Fruit Plate" (1909), "Portrait of Ambroas Vollar" (1910) and "Woman with a guitar" (1911-12). In 1912, Picasso began to combine cubism and collage. It was during this period that he began to use sand or plaster in his paint to give her a texture. It also used colored paper, newspapers and wallpapers to give the canvas additional expressiveness.
Russian wife Picasso
Picasso's cooperation with directors of ballet and theatrical productions Picasso began in 1916. Invented and realized scenery and costumes of Dyagileev ballets were struck by the public from 1917 to 1924. Thanks to the work with the Russian ballet Dyagileev, Pablo gets acquainted with Olga Khokhlova Ballerina, which becomes his wife. They lived together for 18 years, during which their son Paulo was born in 1921. In the 20s of the twentieth century, the artist and his wife Olga continued to live in Paris, often traveled and spent the summer on the beach. Because of the novel from the Picasso on the side of the novel with a young Frenchwoman, which caused the pregnancy and the birth of an extramarital child, the family broke up. The spouse broke the relationship and left for the south of France. The divorce did not happen, and Olga remained his wife's wife until the end of his days due to the reluctance of Pablo to comply with the conditions of the marriage contract.
New achievements
In several stages, Picasso turned away from abstraction and the light saw a series of paintings in realistic and serenely beautiful classic style. One of the most famous works was the "woman in white". Written in just two years after the "three musicians", calm and not attracting unnecessary attention to themselves with incomeness, which once demonstrated the ease with which he could express himself.
After a short circulation to the classicism, the master became known for his surrealistic works that came to replace the cubism.
In the period from 1925 to the 1930s, he was as a certain extent been associated with surrealists, and since the fall of 1931 it was especially interested in sculpture. In 1932, in connection with the holding of large exhibitions in George Petit Gallery in Paris and the Arts House in Zurich, the fame of Picasso has noticeably increased. By 1936, the Spanish Civil War had a deep influence on Picasso, whose apogee was writing the most famous of his paintings. "Gernika" is an allegorical condemnation of fascism, a powerful image depicting realities and war and its consequences.
This work was ordered by the Government for the Pavilion of Spain to the Paris World Fair. She depicts catastrophic destruction in the city during a civil rebellion. The work was completed for six or seven weeks. Completed completely in black, white and gray, a 25-foot width and a height of 11, the picture serves as a quintessence of pain and the suffering of the people from cruelty. Picasso applied a picturesque cubism language to a situation arising from social and political consciousness.
Political views of Picasso
Picasso publicly stated in 1947 that he is a communist. When he was asked about motives, he stated: "When I was a boy in Spain, I was very poor and realized how poor people live. I learned that the Communists are focused on the needs of the poor. Therefore, I became a communist. " After the death of Joseph Stalin, the Communists of France appealed to the artist with a request to write a party leader. His portrait called Shumihu in the leadership of the Communist Party. The Soviet government rejected his portrait.
Despite the fact that Picasso was in exile from his native Spain after the victory in 1939 by Generalissimus Francisco Franco, he gave over eight hundred of his early works by Barcelona. But because of the dislike of Franco, his name did not appear in the museum. Among the huge number of Picasso exhibitions, which were held during the artist's life, the most significant were exposure in New York and Paris.
In 1961, Pablo took Jacqueline Rock in his wife, and they moved to Music. There Picasso continued his fruitful work that did not stop until the end of his days. One of the latest works was a self-portrait made by a pencil on paper "Self-portrait facing face to face." He died in a year at the age of 91 in his thirty-fightened villa on the Hill of Notre Dam-De-V Moved on April 8, 1973.