Greek vazopus presentation. Art of Ancient Greece and Rome Vazopanis of Ancient Greece

Abstract open lesson

Thing: History of Arts.

Class: 4th grade, additional prefesting OP "Painting".

Theme lesson: "The art of Vasopysi and Greek ornament."

Type of classes : Lesson learning a new material.

Preparation of the teacher to the lesson:

The presence of a class magazine;

The presence of an abstract plan of the lesson;

Methodical training of a lesson: The occupation is carried out using the presentation on the topic, students view photo images of ancient Greek Vazopys and Greek ornament. During the lesson, a computer is used, an interactive board.

The purpose of the lesson: To introduce students with the art of Vasopysi Ancient Greece.

Tasks lesson:

Educational: enrich the personality of artistic and aesthetic culture, understanding works of art; Teach the initial, the most common skills of independent activities in art.

Educational: raising responsiveness to the ideological and aesthetic effects of art, on the unity of the content and form of the work; Education of the careful attitude towards works of art.

Developing: The natural and mental properties of the individual with the help of the classes are artistic, creative imagination, original thinking, cognitive interests, abilities for creativity.

Stages and lesson content:
1. Organizational moment.
2. Explanation of the new material.

3. Fastening a new material.
4. Assignment of homework.

1. Organizational moment: check the presence of students in the class journal.

2. Explanation of the new material:

Today, at the lesson, we will introduce one of the famous types of arts of ancient Greece. The theme of our lesson "Greek Vazopanis and Greek Ornament"(Slide 1). We will get acquainted with the main types of ancient Greek VAZ, their shape and decor(Slide 2).

We have already met with you with two types of ancient Greek art: architecture and sculpture. Greek painting is represented mainly by a vasopype that has passed a long way of development. The Greek's pottery craft was not only as a means of creating the dishes necessary in everyday life, but, above all, how to art. The most skilled artists were painted vases. They decorated the neck and the bottom of the vase with the intricate ornament, and on the walls portrayed the scenes from the life of simple Greeks or Greek gods(Slide 3).

Ancient Greek ceramics cannot be imagined without painting. What does the word "ceramics" mean? (question of students).

Estimated pupil response: From Greek "Keramos" - clay, clay products.

In Athens, the most famous quarter of Goncharov was in the area , I received my name by the name of the patron of Goncharov. Athenian gonchars did not mined the clay on their own and depended on the suppliers. Clay location were inCap Polia 15 km from Athens, in the River area and in the current suburb of AthensMarussian (Slide 4).

There were two ways to manufacture vessels(Slide 5): modeling manually and manufacture of products on a pottery circle(Slide 6).

Now we will look at the vase. There were several styles of the painting VAZ: geometric, carpet, black-figured, red-figured, vase on white background(Slide 8).

On the ancient Greek vases you can allocateornament and picture - Scene painting(Slide 9).

Geometric style (900-700 BC). The name speaks for itself, the vases were decorated with geometric patterns(Slide 10). The center of distribution of this style was Athens. Gradually, he spread in shopping cities on the islands of the Aegean Sea.

Geometric ornament i represented a combination of geometric elements, on the vases it was located strips. The ornament was decorated with less important parts of the vase - leg and neck. Often he was a pattern of leaves resembling palm trees -palmetta . Very common wasmeander - pattern in the form of a broken or curve curve(Slide 11).

Dipilon Vases - the biggest vases, almost two meters. They served as tombstones in the cemetery in Athens, near the Dipilon gate (Slide 12). They completely covered with horizontal stripes with a geometric ornament.

Carpet style (from 7 c. BC). On products of this time you can see polychrome images of animal and fantastic creatures combined with a vegetable pattern. Oriental , orcarpet Vazopys style came to shift geometric in the VIII century. BC. and existed to the VI century. BC. The drawing on the surface of the vase was applied with a solid carpet, almost without intervals. Plots paintings most often were mythological. Eastern vases were more often made of bright yellow clay, the color of the painting varnish was brown, but red and white paint were also used. One of the largest centers for the manufacture of such ceramics was the city of Corinth(Slide 13) .

Blackfoot style (with W. P.VII in. BeforeV. C.) On the vases glazed in red, the shapes applied with black varnish made by white and purple paint were depicted.All more often on images began to appear human figures. Faces, battles, mythological scenes telling about the life of Hercules and the Trojan War are the most popular motifs on vases. Silhouettes of figures are drawn using a slip or glossy clay on the dried unconditioned clay. Small details were watched by Styhel. The neck and bottom of the vessels were decorated with a pattern, including ornaments, which are based on curly plants and palm leaves. After the roasting the foundation became red, and the glossy clay acquired a black color(Slide 14) .

Redfinger style (OK. 530 BC). The drawing is characterized in that the form and scope of the pictures of the figures are more detailed.It is believed that this technique for the first time applied the painter Andokid. The silhouettes of figures began to paint in black, but on the contrary, leaving the figures are impaired. Separate bristles on unpainted figures drawn the finest details of images (Slide 15) .

Vasopis on a white background. For the painting of the VAZ in this style, white paint was used as a basis, on which black, red or multicolor figures were applied. This technique of Vasopysi was used more often in the painting of leeks, Aribals and Alabastron(Slide 16) .

Images on the vases were saturated with a bright shaped and plot composition - scenes from the life of the ancient Greeks, could tell about the glorious military exploits of Greek heroes, about the unfortunate and unrequited love, about the court of gods, about the burial of the elders and the wise men.

And now we will talk a little about the form and appointment of vessels(Slide17) .

Composite parts of ancient Greek vessel: whine, neck, shoulders, Tulovo, leg(Slide 18) .

Ceramic products were very diverse. Some of them were used as household dishes, others were intended for ritual and funeral rites, third - for storage(Slide 19) .

The most common and, perhaps, the most beautiful form of the Greek form of Greek vessels was two-handedamphora With an egg-shaped torso and a suspension neck, intended for storing oil, wine, water. Amphoras were often sealed with a clay plug, which was fixed with a resin or gypsum. On the handle of the Amphora Greeks stood the stamp indicating the city of the manufacturer(Slide 20) .

Crater - Large vessel for mixing liquids (wines and water). They constitute large vessels with a wide mouth, like a boiler, and two handles on the sides (Slide 21) .

Cyiliki - These are bowls for drinking. Outside and inside the bowls decorated with painting. Cyiliki suspended the handle to the wall and such murals were clearly visible.(Slide 22,23) .

Scythos. - Ceramic bowl for drinking, has a burning Bulovo Book, with two handles at the very edge of a wide mouth(Slide 24) .

Kanphara - Wide drinking vessels with two handles, something like a cup. Most often on a high leg. Graceful knaps of canfara protrude beyond the top line of the vessel. Kanfar was considered the Hercules attribute and especially Dionysus: the Greek god of wine was often portrayed with Kanfar in his hands. Sometimes used as a measure of fluid (0.27 l)(Slide 25) .

Kiaf (Greek. Kyaphos - "Circle, Bucket") was called the bucket, with the help of which poured wine from craters to cili. They have a bell-shaped tool with a wide mouth and a high loop-shaped handle, usually decorated with a spike, and in the middle part sometimes associated with a horizontal jumper (Slide 26) .

Ohinooya - Vessel for wine, jug with handle and three plums (nose), from which it was possible to pour in three bowls at the same time(Slide 27) .

Leek - an ancient Greek ceramic vessel for oil. Initially was made cone-shaped, then a cylindrical shape with a vertical handle, a narrow throat, turning into a socket and was used in the funeral ceremonial. Marble leeks of large sizes, decorated with a rich ornament, put in places of burial(Slide 28) .

Pelica - Vessel for fluid with two handles on the sides. Unlike amphora, has an expanding Bulovo Book(Slide 29) .

Hydy (Lat. Hydria), otherwise calpedid (lat. - Kalpis) - Water vessel having three handles: Two small horizontal on sides and one vertical., as well as a long neck. Like amphoras, but Hydhium has a more rounded Tulovo. Girls went with them to a source for water. Hydry wore on her head or on the shoulder, holding them with hand. Sometimes hydrosis was also used as urns for storing the died ashes(Slide 30) .

Unfortunately, the time did not spare an antique vazopcript - many of the VAZ crashed. But thanks to the work of archaeologists, some managed to glue, and to this day they please us. The largest collection of Greek VAZ in Russia is in the Hermitage, as well as in the Russian Art Museum named after A.S. Pushkin(Slide 31) . Reading the poem O.A. Tarutina (about the exhibition of VAZ in the Hermitage):

Antique vases.

Beautiful these antique vases

I liked for some reason not immediately.

"Think vases!" We thought.

Other were occupied by our minds.

First on them we looked bored

Then we looked at one by chance

Then he looked around ...

And maybe an hour

I could not break away from the vaz ...

Then vases are giants, then dwarfs-vases,

And every vase - with a drawing - a story!

…the hero in the chariot flies to the war,

Argonauts float into someone else's country.

Perseus kills Medusa Gorgon.

Athena Pallada dictates laws.

Fights with Hector Grozny Achill.

And it plays Orpheus on Lira.

And this is awarded sports trophy.

But - Odyssey, falling tips.

And this is a centaur ...

And this ...

And this ...

But we will not describe the vitality,

The world's largest collection of VAZ.

3. Fixing a new material (slide 32).

Students ask questions on the new material.

What are the products from the burned clay?

What was ceramic vases for?

What are the ancient Greek Vases tell us about?

What are the styles of ancient Greek vazopysi?

What ancient Greek ornaments did you remember?

What is the difference between redfigural painting painting?

What types of vessels did you remember?

4. Explanation of the homework (slide 33-34).

Students are offered at home to continue the Greek ornament on the template issued, as well as to consider and sign the types of ancient Greek vessels.

Ancient Greek vazopis

• decorative painting of blood vessels, performed by itself, i.e., special paints with subsequent firing. It covers a period from a corporal mined culture and up to Hellenism, that is, starting from 2500 BC. e. And including the last century, preceding the emergence of Christianity.

Amphora masters Andokida . Hercules and Athena. OK. 520 BC e.

• Minima ceramics In the territory of Mainland Greece in the middle store, the so-called mineral ceramics was distributed - from thin clay, elegant, but without mural. By the end of the medium eleldest period, it begins to push up the Minoian ceramics. K. Blegen connected Mined ceramics with the arrival of the Greeks; In the 1970s. J. Kaski found that it has a local origin and characterizes the last stage of a dory culture in mainland Greece.

• Miktenskaya ceramics About 1600 BC e. Since the beginning of the Lateholder period, the first highly developed continental meal culture, which leaving the trail and in vasopysk grows. Early samples are distinguished by a dark tone, predominantly brown or matte-black patterns on a light background. Starting from the Middle Square (about 1400 BC, animals and vegetable motives are becoming popular. Later immediately after 1200 BC. e. In addition to them, images of people and ships appear.

• About 1050 BC e. In Greek art, geometric motifs are distributed. In the early stages (protogeometric style ) To 900 BC. e. Ceramic dishes are usually painted large strictly geometric patterns. Typical VAZ ornaments were also conducted with circles and semicircles with a circulation. The alternation of geometric patterns of drawings was established by various registers of patterns separated from each other with a vessel with horizontal lines.

• From the second half of the VII century. Before the V c. BC e. Black-phi vasopus is developing in an independent style of ceramics decoration. All more often on images began to appear human figures. Composite schemes were also subject to change. Faces, battles, mythological scenes telling about the life of Hercules and the Trojan War are the most popular motifs on vases. As in orientalizing period Silhouettes of figures are drawn using a slouch or glossy clay on the dried unsecured clay. Small details were watched by Styhel. The neck and bottom of the vessels were decorated with a pattern, including ornaments, which are based on curly plants and palm leaves (T. N. Palmetta). After the roasting the foundation became red, and the glossy clay acquired a black color. The white color for the first time began to use in Corinth and, above all in order to display whiteness of the skin in female figures.

Orientalizing - Carpet style. Olpa

• Redhead vases For the first time appeared about 530 BC. e. It is believed that this technique for the first time applied the painter Andokid. Unlike the already existing distribution of colors of the base and images in black-deficient vases, the silhouettes of figures began to paint, but on the contrary, leaving the figures are impaired. Separate bristles on uncompressed figures drawn the finest details of images. Different shapes of the slip allowed to receive any shades of brown. With the advent of redfigure vases, the opposition of two colors began to be beaten on the biling vases, on one side of which the figures were black, and on the other - red.

• From the second half of the VII century. Before the V c. BC e. blackfoot Vazopis Developed into an independent style of ceramics decoration. All more often on images began to appear human figures. Composite schemes were also subject to change. Faces, battles, mythological scenes telling about the life of Hercules and the Trojan War are the most popular motifs on vases.

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The art of ancient Greece

• Subject:
• Ancient Greek Vazopis

• In ancient Greece, any kind of clay dishes were described. The works of ceramics, decorated especially carefully, brought the temples as a gift or inqualized in the burial. Strong firing resistant to environmental impacts Ceramic vessels and their fragments are preserved tens of thousands of years, so an ancient Greek vazopis is indispensable when the age of archaeological finds is established.
• Thanks to the inscriptions on the vases, the names of many potters and vases are preserved, starting from the archaic period. In the event that the vase is not signed to distinguish the authors and their works, painting styles, art historians are made to give the Vasopians "service" names. They reflect either the subject of painting and its characteristic features, or indicate the place of detection or storage of the corresponding archaeological objects.

• Introduction

• Ancient Greek vazopus is a painting made with the help of paints on ancient Greek ceramics. The Vazopanis of Ancient Greece was created in various historical periods, starting from the Minoan culture and up to Hellenism, that is, starting from 2500 BC. e. And including the last century, preceding the emergence of Christianity.

• Depending on the time of creation, historical culture and style, an ancient Greek vazopus is divided into several periods. Classification corresponds to historical periodization and varies on styles. Styles and periods do not coincide:

• Crete-Mine Vazopcript

• Miktensky or Elaladic Vazope (existed from part at the same time)

• Geometric style

• Orientalizing period

• Blackfoot style

• Red Style

• White Background Vazop

• Vaza-Gnafia.

• Periods

• Vases from a box

• Vases from Centourpe

• Crete-Mine Vazopcript

• The clay dishes decorated with painted appears in the Crito-Mine Cultural Area Starting from 2500 BC. e. Simple geometric patterns on the first vases by 2000. BC e. replaced by floral and spiral motifs that are applied white paint on black matte background, and so-called style Camares. The palace period in the Minoan culture made serious changes and in the painting style of ceramics, which in the new maritime style is decorated with images of various inhabitants of the sea: nautilos and octopuses, corals and dolphins performed on a light background of dark paint. Starting from 1450 BC. e. Images are increasingly stylized and become somewhat rougher.

• Navcha in the marine style Archaeological Museum, Heraklion

• About 1600 BC e. With the beginning of the late Eldelle period, the first highly developed continental culture grows, leaving the trail and in vasopysi. Early samples are distinguished by a dark tone, predominantly brown or matte-black patterns on a light background. Starting from the Middle Square (about 1400 BC, animals and vegetable motives are becoming popular. Later immediately after 1200 BC. e. In addition to them, images of people and ships appear.

• Miktensky or Elaladic Vazop

• "Crater Warriors", XII century. BC e.,

• With a sunset of mycken culture around 1050 BC. e. Geometric ceramics gets a new life in Greek culture. In the early stages to 900 BC. e. Ceramic dishes are usually painted large strictly geometric patterns. Typical VAZ ornaments were also conducted with circles and semicircles with a circulation. The alternation of geometric patterns of drawings was established by various registers of patterns separated from each other with a vessel with horizontal lines. During the heyday, geometrics there is a complication of geometric patterns. Complicated alternating single and double meals appear performed. These are stylized images of people, animals and objects. Chariots and warriors in fruitless processions occupy central parts of VAZ and jugs. In the images, black, less often red colors on light shades of the background. By the end of the VIII century. BC e. This style of painting in Greek ceramics disappears.

• Geometric style

• 1 - Attic protogeometric amphora from Dipilor Necropolis in Athens, the end of the XI century. BC, Athens, Ceramics Museum
• 2 - Attic protogeometric amphora from Dipilon Necropolis in Athens, the first half of the IX century. BC, Athens, Ceramics Museum

• Amphora from Dipilon Necropolis in Athens, VIII VIII. BC.

• Orientalizing period

• Starting from 725 g to n. e. In the manufacture of ceramics, the leading position occupies Corinth. The initial period that corresponds to orientalizing, or otherwise, the Protocinnefic style is characterized in vasopy increase in curly friezes and mythological images. The position, oddness, themes and the images themselves were influenced by the eastern samples, for which were primarily characterized by images of griffins, sphinxes and lions. The technique of execution is similar to blackfoot vases. Consequently, at this time the three-fold firing required for this was already applied.

• Protocinnefskaya Olpa with an image of animals and sphinxes,
• oK. 650-630 BC e., Louvre

• Blackfoot Vazopis

• From the second half of the VII century. Before the V c. n. e. Black-phi vasopus is developing in an independent style of ceramics decoration. All more often on images began to appear human figures. Composite schemes were also subject to change. Faces, battles, mythological scenes telling about the life of Hercules and the Trojan War are the most popular motifs on vases. Silhouettes of figures are drawn using a slouch or glossy clay on the dried unsecured clay. Small details were watched by Styhel. The neck and bottom of the vessels were decorated with a pattern, including ornaments, which are based on curly plants and palm leaves ( palmetti). After the roasting the foundation became red, and the glossy clay acquired a black color. The white color for the first time began to use in Corinth and, above all in order to display whiteness of the skin in female figures.
• For the first time, the master of pottery and the artists-Vasopisians were proud to sign their works, so that their names were preserved in the history of art. The most famous artist of this period is the exequisy. In addition to him, the names of the masters of Vasopysis Paciad and Harez are widely known. In V c. BC e. The winners of sports competitions on the so-called Panafineans were awarded Panafine Amphoras, which were performed in black-phi technician.

• Bowl with eyes "Dionysis" Execia

• BlackFigure Attic Amphora

• Redfish Vazopis

• The red-chicken vases first appeared about 530 g BC. e. It is believed that this technique for the first time applied the painter Andokid. In contrast to the already existing distribution of colors of the base and images in black-deficient vases, not silhouettes of figures began to paint, but on the contrary, leaving the shapes are impaired. Separate bristles on uncompressed figures drawn the finest details of images. Different shapes of the slip allowed to receive any shades of brown. With the advent of redfigure vasopysi, the opposition of two colors began to be played on the biling vases on one side of which the figures were black, and on the other - red.
• The redfish style has enriched a vasopcript with a large number of mythological plots, besides them, there are sketches from everyday life, female images and interiors of pottery workshops on red-burning vases. Unprecedented for Vasopysis, realism was achieved complex in the design of equestrian stubbanks, architectural structures, human images in three quarters and from the back.
• Vasopisians began to use signatures more often, although the autographs of Goncharov prevail on the vases.

• black and curly side

• redhead side

• "Hercules and Athena" Amphora-Bilingua Vasopista Andokida, OK. 520 BC e.

• White Background Vazop

• This style of Vasopysi, appeared in Athens at the end of the 6th century BC. e. It is believed that this technique of Vasopysi was used by Vazopis Achilla for the first time. It consists in covering the terracotta vase with a white slip from the local lime clay, and then their murals. With the development of style, white began to leave the clothes and the body of the figures depicted on a vase. This technique of vasopy was used mainly in the painting of leeks, Aribals and Alabasters.

• Lekif, made in the technique of white background, 440 BC. e.

• Leek with the image of Achille and Ajax, OK 500 BC. e., Louvre

• Vaza-Gnafia.

• Vaza-Gnafia, named at the place of their first detection in Rafia (Apulia), appeared 370-360 g BC. E .. These vases come from the bottom Italy are widespread in Greek metropolis and beyond. A white, yellow, orange, red, brown, green and other colors were used in the muffin paintings on the black lacquer. There are symbols of happiness, religious images and vegetable motives on the vases. From the end of the IV century. BC e. The painting in the style of Gnafia began to be performed exclusively white paint. The production of angius continued until the middle of the III century. BC e.

• Ohinohuya-Gnaphia, 300-290. BC e.

• Epichisis, OK 325-300 BC e., Louvre

• Vases from caunos

• About 300 g to n. e. . A regionally limited center of pottery occurred in Apulian Kanos, where ceramic products were signed by water-soluble, which do not require firing paints on the white background. These works of Vasopysis were called "Koså VAZ" and were used in burial rites, and also invested in burial. In addition to the peculiar style of vases for Kosano ceramics are characterized by large stucco images of figures installed on vases. Koså Vases were manufactured during the III and II in BC. e.

• Askos (pitcher) from Kanos,

• IV-III century. BC er, terracotta, height 76.5 cm

• Vases from Centourpe

• As in the case of calaoscope vases, Centiprian vases received only local distribution in Sicily. Ceramic vessels were compiled together of several parts and were not used according to their direct purpose, but only invested in burial. For the painting of Centipian VAZ, pastel tones were used on a gentle pink background, the vases were decorated with large sculptural images of people in clothes of different colors and magnificent appliquational reliefs. In Centultipian vases, sacrifices of sacrifice, farewell and burial rituals were depicted.

• Centiprian Vase , 280-220 BC e.

• For success in pottery art, the quality of the mined clay is crucial. Mountain breed should be weathered. The source material often swollen on the place of production and mixed with other additives that attached clay the desired color after firing. The clay in Corinth had a yellowish tint, in the attic - reddish, and in the bottom Italy - brown color. Before processing clay was cleaned. To do this, in the pottery workshop, clay was swollen or washed in a large tank. At the same time, large particles of alumina fell to the bottom, and the remaining organic impurities rose to the surface of the water. The clay mass was then placed in the second tank, where the excess water was removed from her. Next, the clay was removed and held in the wet state for a long time. During such maturation, the clay "Starlael" and became more elastic. Necessary fatty (soft) clay grades before treatment were mixed with sand or grinding ceramic battle in order to "degrease" them, make a clay stronger. Since there are no traces of "degreasing" clay on the painted vases decorated with paintings, it can be concluded that they were made of very well "aged" clay.

• Clay

• After the clall has acquired the necessary consistency, it was carefully poked on his feet and divided into pieces. The clay was placed on the pottery circle and centered so that the oscillations did not occur during rotation. The rotating pottery circle was known in Greece in the second millennium BC. e. ,. Antique images are also found, where the potted circle was driven by a gonchar subset, sitting on a chair or squatting.
• After centering on a pottery circle, a Tulovo of the future vessel was created. If the height of the future vessel exceeded the length of the hand of the wizard, then it was collected from several details. The finished parts were cut off from the pottery with a rope, the traces of which can be found on the finished vases. The legs and knobs of the vessels, as well as overhead decorations (for example, embossed masks) were excited separately and attached to the tool with liquid clay. The finished vessels were placed in a dry and dark place for slow drying in natural conditions to avoid the appearance of cracks. After the clay has solidified a little, the vessel "unscrewed" from the pottery circle. Next, the potter cut off the excess clay and formed on the wedge and legs of the vessel typical for antique ceramics sharp kants.

• The form

• Forms of ancient Greek VAZ

• Crater (Dr. Greek. κεράννυμι - "Mix") - An ancient Greek vessel of metal or clay less often - marble for mixing wine with water. The characteristic features of the crater are a wide neck, two pens on the sides of a spacious vessel and leg.
• In ancient ceramics there are citrates of two types:
• oxybafones, oxybafs (όξύβαφον, oxybaphon.) - bell-shaped, with an expanding upstream blind, resting on the pallet, with two horizontal handles at the bottom;
• vessels with a wide throat, above the mouth of which are located vertical voluto-shaped handles, downstairs connected with Tulov.

• Oxybefon with the image of Szillla, Louvre

• Types of crater

• Stamnos. (Lat. Stamnos.) - an ancient vessel of a rounded shape, resembling an amphora. Staminosa has a low neck and two horizontal knobs on the sides. Stamins first appeared in the archaic era in Nakonia and Etruria and were used for storage of wine, oils and other liquids. Stannesses are often found with lids. In Athens, the ISNOSS appeared around 530 BC. e .. and made exclusively for sale in Etruria.
• Stannesses are often found on red-chicken ceramics in the images of the festivities in honor of Dionysus, in the worried women. Therefore, ideas are also called Lena vases. Implications are expected to be not used in cult rites due to their inethic origin.

• Stamnos with painting of the Vasopist Polygnosta,
• oK. 430-420 BC e.,
• National Archaeological Museum, Athens

• Amphora(Dr.-Grech.ἀμφορεύς "Vessel with two handles") - an antique vessel of the egg-shaped shape with two vertical handles. Greeks and Romans were distributed. Most often, the amphoras were made of clay, but amphoras from bronze are found. Served mainly for storing olive oil and wine. Also used as urn for burial and voting.
• Amphoracy can range from 5 to 50 liters. Great high amphoras were used to transport liquids. In Rome Amphora, the volume of 26.03 liters (Ancient Roman cubic ped.) Applied to measure liquids.

• Bilateral amphoramaster Andokide "Hercules and Athena",
• oK. 520 BC e.,
• State Antique Assembly, Munich

• Amphores

• Hydy (Lat. Hýdria.), otherwise calportid (lat. Kalpis) - an ancient Greek ceramic vessel, a water jug, which was sometimes also used as a urn to store the ashes of the departed. Hydry also used for the draw when voting.

• Hydry in geometric style was characterized by a slim elongated shape and a long neck. Starting with the VI century. BC e. Hydry have become more rounded in shape. Hydry has three handles: two small horizontal vessel sides in order to raise it, and one vertical in the middle for the convenience of bottling water. Hydry wore on her head or on the shoulder.
• Miniature hydrais received the name "Hydrais".

• Attic Hydhika "Commose Procession and a Urit-Woman",
• the work of the master from the surroundings of the Vasopist of Dicaida, OK. 500 BC e.

• Types of hydria

• Pelica (lat. Pelike.) - a form of amphora form spreading in the attic. Pelics, in contrast to ordinary amphorous, have a base that allows them to maintain a vertical position. Pelik usually had two handles, but there was no lid. As a rule, they differ in the smooth form of transition from the neck to the main round of the vessel. The neck is sufficiently expanded to the edge.
• For the first time, pelics appeared at the end of the VI century. BC e. in the workshops of the so-called "Pionery Groups" - Red-breeding vases. Pelics were used primarily on simposions. Pelics in Attica also called the ISNOSS.

• "The young man is calculated with hetero", the redfish pelica of the polygnostic vase painter,
• oK. 430 BC e.

• Oynohai from Kamiros,
• about. Rhodes, 625-600. BC e., Louvre

• Ohinohua (Dr.-Greek. ἡ ἰἰνοχόη - "Jug for wine") - an ancient Greek jug with one handle and a round or trillest wedge, resembling a leaf of clover. Oynohai was intended for the supply of wine, and are characteristic of the critical cultural culture of ancient Greece.
• Because of the trillers, Ohinohu is also called a "vase with three nose." Professional vibropy, invited to simposions, was skillfully spilled with the help of the Wehino Wine immediately in three vessels.

• Types of Oynohai

• Kilik (Dr. Greek. ύύλιξ, lat. calix.) - an ancient Greek vessel for beverages flat shape on a short leg. From two sides of the ciliary there are pens, which, unlike the canpharic, do not exceed the height of the edge of the bowl itself.

• Kilik, British Museum, London

• Kilica species

• Leek (Dr. Greek. λήκυθος) - an ancient Greek vase, intended for storing olive oil, which was also used as a funeral gift in V c. BC e. Characteristic features of the lecture are a narrow neck and a small leg.
• Lekifes were often decorated with paintings by different paints on the white background. If Loutroplas in wedding and burial rites symbolized an unmarried woman, then the leek correlated with a non-native man. Lekifes were also depicted with reliefs or sculptural in the burial places as artistic elements of the tombstones, in particular in the cemetery Carameykos in Athens.

• Leek
• oK. 500 BC e.,
• National Archaeological Museum

• Types of leek

• Kanfar (Dr. Greek. άάνθαρος) - an ancient Greek vessel for drinking in the form of a cup with two exorbitant vertical handles. Greek gods were drank from Kanfarov, for example, Dionys was often depicted with Kanfar. Often, Kanfar was used for sacrifice or as a matter of cult. Thus, like a vessel for drinking a canfar used in itself a religious burden. It is possible that initially Kanfar was used exclusively for religious rites.

• Kanfar, Louvre

• Types of Canphara

• Kiaf (Lat. Kyathos.) - an ancient Greek vessel with one handle, resembling the form of a modern cup. However, the kiaf handle is more and towers above the edge of the vessel, as kiafa was used on simposions also for blasting wine.
• The volume of kiaf is 0, 045 liters, i h a quarter of the sextory.

• Kiaf, 550-540. BC e., Louvre

• Scythos. (Dr. Greek. Σκύφος) - an ancient Greek ceramic bowl for drinking on a low leg and two horizontally arranged handles. Scythos was the mythical Hercules Cup, so the Scythos is also called cup Herakla. Simple images are often found on the ancient Greek vases made in the style of black and red-grained vases.

• Blackfigure Scythos, OK. 490-480 BC e.

• Types of Scythos

• Painting ceramics was produced before the firing. The vessel was first wiping with a damp cloth, and then covered with a diluted solution of a slip or mineral paints, which gave a vase after the firing reddish. Vasopisians painted vessels straight on a pottery circle or carefully holding them on her knees. This is evidenced by numerous images on finished vases, as well as rejected after roasting and unfinished products.
• Images on vases in the geometric, orientalizing and black-chigure style were most likely caused by a brush. In the period of late geometrics, white background paint was used in the VAZ painting, which, whom in some places, opens the details that the vasopians tried to hide from prying eyes. Shells on the vessels were characteristic of blackfoil vases, and most likely this technique was borrowed from artisans-engravers. For these works, the vases used a sharp metallic style. Even in the era of protogeometrics, the vasopians were known for the cirrkul, which they applied concentric circles and semicircles on vases. Starting from the Middle Minutes, the sketches are found that the vazops applied to the painted ceramics acute wooden wand or metal tool. These notches during the roasting disappeared.

• Painted.

• Vasopis in red-grained style often preceded sketches. They can be detected on some vessels where they look through the final image. On unfinished redhead images it can be seen that the vazops often wore their sketches with a strip of up to 4 mm wide, which is sometimes visible on finished products. For body contours, a protruding embossed line was used, which is clearly visible on black-deficing vessels. Other parts were drawn by rich black paint or diluted to brown tint background paint. In conclusion, the background of the vessel or the front side of the bowl was painted a large brush in black. Different inscriptions were applied to the vessels: signatures of pots and vases, signatures for images and laudatory inscriptions-dedications. Sometimes at the bottom of the vessels, the designations of the price of the product or the brand of the manufacturer were evicted.

Subject:
Ancient Greek Vazopis

Introduction
Ancient Greek Vazopcript is a painting made with
Dried paints on ancient Greek ceramics. Ancient Vazopcript
Greece was created in various historical periods, starting with
Minoan culture and up to Hellenism, that is, starting from 2500 to
n. e. and including the last century preceding
The emergence of Christianity.
In ancient Greece, any kind of clay dishes were described.
Works of ceramics, decorated especially carefully, brought a gift
Temples or embedded in burial. Past strong firing
Resistant to environmental ceramic vessels and their
Fragments have preserved tens of thousands of years, so ancient Greek
Vazopus is indispensable when setting the age of archaeological finds.
Thanks to inscriptions on the vases, the names of many potters have been preserved and
Vazopisians starting with the archaic period. In case the vase is not
signed to distinguish the authors and their works, painting styles,
Art historians are accepted to give Vasopians "service" names. They are
reflect either the subject of painting and its characteristic features, or indicate
to the place of detection or storage of the corresponding archaeological
objects.

Periods
Depending on the time of creation, historical culture and style,
Ancient Greek vazopus is divided into several periods.
Classification corresponds to historical periodization and varies on
styles. Styles and periods do not coincide:
Crete-Mine Vazopcript
Miktensky or Elaladic Vazope (existed from part
at the same time)
Geometric style
Orientalizing period
Blackfoot style
Red Style
White Background Vazop
Vaza-Gnafia
Vases from a box
Vases from Centourpe

Crete-Mine Vazopcript
Cleaning dishes decorated with painting appears in Creoto-Mina
Cultural Area Starting from 2500 BC. e. Simple geometric patterns
In the first vases by 2000. BC e. replace floral and spiral
motives that are applied by white paint on black matte background, and so
called the style of Camares. Palace period in mineral culture
made serious changes and in the style of painting ceramics, which
New maritime style decorated with images of a variety of inhabitants
seas: nautilus and octopuses, corals and dolphins performed on
Light background of dark paint. Starting from 1450 BC. e. Images
We are increasingly stylized and become somewhat rougher.

Navcha in the marine style
Archaeological
Museum, Heraklion.

Miktensky or Elaladic Vazop
About 1600 BC e. with the beginning of the late Eldelle period from Myna
Culture grows the first highly developed continental culture,
Leaving the trail and in vasopysi. Early samples are distinguished by dark tone,
mostly brown or matte black drawings on
Light background. Starting from the Middle Square (about 1400 BC.
er) animals and vegetable motives are becoming popular. Later
Immediately after 1200 BC. e. In addition to them appear
Images of people and ships.

"Crater Warriors", XII century. BC e.,
National Archaeological Museum, Athens

Geometric style
With a sunset of mycken culture around 1050 BC. e. Geometric
Ceramics gets a new life in Greek culture. In the early stages before
900 BC e. Ceramic dishes are usually painted large
Strictly geometric patterns. Typical decorations VAZ were
Also conducted with a circular circles and semicircles. Alternation
The geometric ornaments of the drawings were established different
registers of patterns separated from each other enveling vessel
horizontal lines. During the heyday, the geometrics occurs
Complication of geometric patterns. Appear complex performed
Alternating single and double meanders. Add to them
Stylized images of people, animals and objects. Chariot I.
Warriors in fruitless processions occupy central parts of VAZ and
jugs. In the images are increasingly dominated by black, less than red colors
On bright shades of the background. By the end of the VIII century. BC e. such a style of painting in
Greek ceramics disappears.

1 - Attic protogeometric amphora from Dipilon Necropolis in
Athens, the end of the XI century. BC, Athens, Ceramics Museum
2 - Attic protogeometric amphora from Dipilon Necropolis in
Athens, the first half of the IX century. BC, Athens, Ceramics Museum

Amphora from Dipilor Necropolis
In Athens, the VIII VIII. BC.

Orientalizing period
Starting from 725 g to n. e. In the manufacture of ceramics leading position
Corinth occupies. Initial period
corresponds to the orientalizing, or otherwise the Protocynefic style,
characterized in vasopy increase in curly friezes and mythological
Images. Position, oddness, themes and images themselves turned out to be
under the influence of oriental samples for which were primarily characteristic
Images of griffins, sphinxes and lions. Execution technique is similar
Black choggy vase. Consequently, at that time was already applied
Three-round firing required for this.

Protocinnefskaya Olpa with the image
animals and sphinxes,
OK. 650-630 BC e., Louvre

Blackfoot Vazopis
From the second half of the VII century. Before the V c. n. e. Black-phi-burning vase is developing
In the independent style of decoration of ceramics. More and more on the images of steel
Human figures appear. Composite schemes also underwent
Changes. The most popular motifs of images on vases
Fearing, battles, mythological scenes telling about
Hercules's life and the Trojan War. Silhouettes of figures drawn with
using a slipper or glossy clay on the dried unconditional clay.
Small details were watched by Styhel. Gorry and bottom of vessels decorated
pattern, including ornaments, which are based on curly plants
And palm leaves (palmettes). After firing the basis became red, and
Glossy clay acquired black. White color for the first time steel
use in Corinth and first of all in order to display whiteness of the skin
Female figures.
For the first time masters of pottery and artists-Vazopisa became proud
Sign your works, so that their names are preserved in history
art. The most famous artist of this period is the exequisy.
In addition to him, the names of the masters of Vasopysis Paciad and Harez are widely known. In V c. before
n. e. Winners of sports on the so-called Panafine
Panificine amphoras that were performed in black-phony
Technique.

Bowl with eyes "Dionysis" Execia
BlackFigure Attic Amphora

Redfish Vazopis
The red-chicken vases first appeared about 530 g BC. e. It's believed that
This technique for the first time applied the painter Andokid. Unlike already
existing distribution of colors bases and images in
blackfoil vases, blacks began to paint not silhouettes of figures, but
On the contrary, leaving the figures are impaired. Separate bristles on
Unpainted figures drawn the finest details of images.
Different shapes of the slip allowed to receive any shades of brown. FROM
The appearance of redfigure vasopysis is opposed to two colors
be played on biling vases on one side of which the figures were
black, and on the other - red.
Red-breed style enriched vasopcript with plenty
Mythological plots, besides them on red-chicken vases there are
sketches from everyday life, female images and trampling interiors
Workshops. Unprecedented for Vasopysis realism reached complex
performed by images of equestrian hardages, architectural structures,
Human images in three quarters and back.
Vasopisians began to use signatures more often, although still on the vases
Goncharov autographs prevail.

"Hercules and Athena" Amphora-Bilingua Vasopista Andokida, OK. 520 BC e.
black and curly side
Redhead side

White Background Vazop
This style of Vasopysi, appeared in Athens at the end of the 6th century BC. e. It's believed that
Vasopisa Achilla used this technique for the first time. She is
lies in the coverage of terracotta vases with a white slip from the local
lime clay, and then their painting. With white steel development
Leave clothes and body pictures on a vase figures. This technique of Vazopysi
It was used mainly in the painting of leeks, Aribals and Alabasters.

Leek, performed in the technique of
White background, 440 BC e.
Leek with the image of Achille and Ajax,
OK 500 BC e., Louvre

Vaza-Gnafia.
Vases-Gnafia, named at the place of their first detection in Gnafia
(Apulia), appeared 370-360 g BC. e .. these vases come from the bottom italy
gained widespread in Greek metropolises and for their
limits. In the painting of angina in the black lacquer background were used
White, Yellow, Orange, Red, Brown, Green and Others
colors. On the vases there are symbols of happiness, religious images and
Plant motifs. From the end of the IV century. BC e. Painting in the style of Gnaphia has become
Executely white paint. Gnaphic production
It continued until the middle of the III century. BC e.

Ohinohuya-Gnaphia, 300-290. BC e.
Epichisis, OK 325-300 BC e., Louvre

Vases from caunos
About 300 g to n. e. . In Apuli Kanos, there was a regional
Limited center of pottery production, where ceramic products
signed by water-soluble, not requiring roasting paints
White background. These works of Vasopysis got the name "Kozos
VAZ "and used in burial rites, and also invested in
burial. In addition to the peculiar style of Vasopysk for Canos
Ceramics are characterized by large stucco images of figures,
Installed on vases. Koså Vases were manufactured during the III and II in
BC e.

Askos (pitcher) from Kanos,
IV-III century. BC er, terracotta,
Height 76.5 cm

Vases from Centourpe
As in the case of calaoscope vases, Centultipian vases received only
Local distribution in Sicily. Ceramic vessels were compiled
Multiple of several parts and were not used in their direct
For purpose, but only invested in burial. For painting
Centiprice VAZ used pastel colors on a gentle pink background,
Vases were decorated with large sculptural images of people in clothes
Different colors and magnificent applicative reliefs. On the
Centultipian vases were depicted sacrifices, farewell and
burial rites.

Centiprian Vase, 280-220. BC e.

Clay
For success in pottery art, quality is crucial
mined clay. Mountain breed should be weathered. Source
Material often swore at the place of production and mixed with others
Additives that attached clay the desired color after firing. Clay B.
Corinth had a yellowish tint, in the attic - reddish, and in the bottom
Italy - brown color. Before processing clay was cleaned. For
this in the pottery workshop claine swore or washed in
Large tank. At the same time, large alumina particles fell to the bottom,
And the remaining organic impurities rose to the surface of the water.
The clay mass was then placed in the second tank, where they were removed from her
Excess water. Then the clay was taken out and held for a long time in
wet state. During such maturation of the clay "Starlael" and
It became more elastic. Overfast (soft) clay varieties before
processing was mixed with sand or grind ceramic battle for
In order to "degrease" them, make clay stronger. Since on
There are no traces of Athenian vases decorated with painting
"Degreasing" clay, we can conclude that they were made
From very well "aged" clay.

The form
After the clall has acquired the required consistency, it is carefully
They kneaded their feet and divided into pieces. Clay placed on a pottery
The circle and centered so that the oscillations do not occur when rotating.
The rotating pottery circle was known in Greece in the second
Millennium BC e. ,. There are also antique images where
The potted circle was driven by a gonchar subset, sitting on
stool or squatting.
After centering on a pottery circle, a toolo future was created
vessel. If the height of the future vessel exceeded the length of the master's hand, then it
Collected from several details. Ready parts cut off from a pottery circle
Using the rope, the traces of which can be found on finished vases.
Legs and knobs of vessels, as well as overhead decorations (for example, embossed
Masks) were excited separately and attached to Tulu with liquid
clay. Ready vessels were placed in a dry and dark place for slow
Drying in natural conditions to avoid cracking. After
how clay has hardly hardening, the vessel "unscrewed" from pottery
Circle. Next, the potter cut off the excess clay and formed on a wedense and
Typical vessel legs for antique ceramics sharp edges.

Forms of ancient Greek VAZ

Krastter (dr. Greek. Κεράννυμι - "Mix") - an ancient Greek vessel
Metal or clay less often - marble for mixing wine with water.
Characteristic features of the crater are a wide neck, two knobs by
Bocames of a spacious vessel and leg.
In ancient ceramics there are citrates of two types:
Oxybafones, oxybafs (όξύβαφον, oxybaphon) - bell-shaped, with
expanding to the top of the Tool, resting on the pallet, with two
horizontal handles at the bottom;
vessels with a wide throat, over the mouth of which are located vertical
Volute handles, downstairs connected with Tulov.
Oxybafon with the image of the szill
Louvre

Types of crater

Stamnos (Lat.stamnos) - an ancient vessel of a rounded form,
Immptor. Stannosa is low neck and two horizontal
Pens on the sides. Implications first appeared in the Archaic Epoch in Nakonia
and Etruria and used for storage of wine, oils and other liquids.
Stannesses are often found with lids. In Athens, statumnos appeared
about 530 BC e .. and made exclusively for sale in Etruria.
Stannesses are often found on red-chicken ceramics on images
The festivities in honor of Dionysus, who had worried women. Therefore, Iecons
Also called Lena vases. Stannesses, as expected, not
used in religious rites due to their inethic
Origin.
Stamnos with painting of the Vasopist Polygnosta,
OK. 430-420 BC e.,
National Archaeological Museum,
Athens

Amphora (Dr.-Grech.ἀμφορεύς "Vessel with two handles") - an antique vessel
Egg shape with two vertical handles. Was spread
Greeks and Romans. Most often, the amphoras were made from clay, but there are and
Bronze amphoras. Served mainly for storing olive oil and
Wines. Also used as urn for burial and
voting.
Amphoracy can range from 5 to 50 liters. Large high amphoras
Used to transport liquids. In Rome Amphoras Volume
26.03 liters (ancient Roman cubic ped) were used to measure
liquids.
Bilateral Amforamaster Andokida
"Hercules and Athena",
OK. 520 BC e.,
State Antique Assembly, Munich

Amphores

Hydria (lat. Hýdria), otherwise calpedid (lat. Kalpis) - ancient Greek
Ceramic vessel, water jug, which sometimes also
Used as urn for storing the ashes of the deceased. Hydry also
Used for the draw when voting.
Geometric style hydria was characterized by a slim elongated form and
Long neck. Starting with the VI century. BC e. Hydry have become more rounded
in form. Hydry has three handles: two small horizontal sides
vessel in order to raise it, and one vertical in the middle for
The convenience of water spilling. Hydry wore on her head or on the shoulder.
Miniature hydrais received the name "Hydrais".
Attic Hydhius "Procession Comose and
uriming woman ",
Work of the master from the environment of the Vasopist
Dicios, OK. 500 BC e.

Types of hydria

Pelika (Lat. Pelike) - a form of amphora's form spreading in an attic.
Pelics, in contrast to ordinary amphorous, have a base that allows them
Keep a vertical position. Pelik was usually two handles, but not
There were covers. As a rule, they differ in a smooth form of transition from
Torn to the main round of the vessel. The neck is quite expanded
To the edge.
For the first time, pelics appeared at the end of the VI century. BC e. in the workshops
called the "group of pioneers" - a vasopist of redfigure style.
Pelics were used primarily on simposions. Pelicians in Attica
Also called Stannesses.
"The young man is calculated with hetero",
Red Vasopian Pelica
Polygnost
OK. 430 BC e.

Ohinohuya (Dr. Greek. Ἡ ἰἰνοχόη - "Jug for Wine")
- ancient Greek jug with one handle and round or trillery
A wedge, resembling a leaf of clover. Ohinohai was intended for
Feed wine, and are characteristic of the critical mine
Culture of ancient Greece.
Because of the trillest wreath, Ohinohu is also called a "vase with three
nose ". Professional Vorolrypia, invited on simposia,
It was skillfully spilled with the help of Oynohai Wine at once in three vessels.
Oynohai from Kamiros,
about. Rhodes, 625-600. BC e., Louvre

Types of Oynohai

Kilik (Dr. Greek. ΎύΛιξ, Lat. Calix) - an ancient Greek vessel for drinks
Flat shape on a short leg. From two sides of the ciliary there are pens
which, unlike the canphar, do not exceed the height of the edge of the bowl itself.
Kilik, British Museum, London

Kilica species

Lekif (Dr. Greek. Λήκυθος) - ancient Greek vase,
intended for storing olive oil,
which was also used as a funeral gift in
V c. BC e. Characteristic features of leeky are
Narrow neck and small leg.
Lekifes often decorated with paintings by different
paints over white background. If Loutroplas B.
wedding and burial rites symbolized
unmarried woman, then leek correlated with
unjieved man. Lekifes also portrayed
reliefs or sculpture in the burial places in
as artistic elements of tombstones, in
particular in the cemetery Carameykos in Athens.
Leek
OK. 500 BC e.,
National Archaeological Museum

Types of leek

Kanfar (Dr. Greek. Άάνθαρος) - an ancient Greek vessel for drinking in shape
Cup with two exorbitantly volumetric vertical handles. From Kalfarov
They drank Greek gods, for example, with Kanfar often depicted Dionysis.
Often, Kanfar was used for sacrifices or as
Cult. Thus, like a vessel for drinking Kanfar in itself
Religious burden. It is possible that initially Kanfar was used
exclusively for religious rites.
Kanfar, Louvre

Types of Canphara

Kiaf (lat. Kyathos) - an ancient Greek vessel with one handle,
reminiscent of the form of a modern cup. However, Kiaf's handle more
and towers above the edge of the vessel, since kiafa was used
On sympmeys also for blasting wine.
The volume of kiaf is 0, 045 liters, i h a quarter of the sextory.
Kiaf, 550-540. BC e., Louvre

Scythos (Dr. Greek. Σκύφος) - ancient Greek ceramic bowl for
Drinking on a low leg and two horizontally arranged handles.
Scythos was the mythical Hercules Cup, so Scythos also
Called Hercules Cup. Images of Scythos are often found on
Ancient Greek Vases made in the style of black and reddish
Vazopysi.
Blackfigure Scythos, OK. 490-480 BC e.

Types of Scythos

Painted.
Painting ceramics was produced before the firing. Vessel first wiped wet
rag and then covered with a diluted solution of slip or
Mineral paints that gave a vase after firing reddish
Tint. Vasopians painted vessels right on a pottery circle or
Carefully keeping them on the knees. This is evidenced by numerous
Images on finished vases, and also rejuvenated after firing and
Unfinished products.
Images on vases
In the geometric, orientalizing and chernobhigur style most likely
Brushes were applied. In the period of late geometrics in the painting VAZ
used white background paint, which, leaving in some
places, open the details that the vasopians tried to hide from
Prying eyes. Notches on the vessels were characteristic of blackfoot
Vasopysis, and most likely this technique was borrowed from artisan and agencies. For these works, the vases used acute
Metal style. Even in the era of protogeometrics, Vazopians were
Kirkul known to which they applied concentric circles on vases and
semicircles. Starting from the Middle Protocyne period are found
sketches that vasopisses were applied to the painted ceramics acute
Wooden stick or metal tool. These notches during
firing disappeared.

Vasopis in red-grained style often preceded sketches. They can be detected
On some vessels, where they look through the final image. On the
unfinished redhead images it can be seen that vasopizats often
drank their sketches with a strip of up to 4 mm wide, which is sometimes visible on
finished products. For body contours, protruding embossed
A line that is clearly visible on the black-deficular vessels. Other details
drawn saturated black paint or diluted to brown
Tint background paint. In conclusion, the background of the vessel or the facial side of the bowl
Painted a large brush into black. Various vessels were applied
inscriptions: signatures of gonchars and vases, signatures for images and laudatory
Inscription-dedication. Sometimes at the bottom of the vessels, the price designation was evicted
Products or brand manufacturer.

Athens is one of the most beautiful cities of ancient Greece. He is known for its architecture (Parfenon, the temple of Athens Niki, theater), works of sculpture (Bronze Statue of Athens Prosakhos (warriper) and statue of the work of the work of Fidiya). Today we are interested in one of the areas of the city - ceramics.

From the name of the Athenian suburb of Ceramick, where they worked especially skillful potters, the word ceramics occurred. What does this word mean? Ceramics are also called all kinds of baked clay products, and pottery itself. Ceramics was a companion of the life of an ancient person. When he left the eternal night to daylight, she stood from his cradle, he made her first sip from her. She decorated even the poorest hut. It stored family supplies. She was a reward winner on games.

Ceramics widely entered the private and public life of the antique world people. This period in the development of applied art is associated with the domination of the craft as a type of creativity. In ancient Greek, there were no words of craft and art, there was a concept of tech, which united in itself, both. Consequently, any statue on Acropolis and ceramic vase used in each house were the phenomenon of one order.

Game "Antique Vases: Forms and Purpose" Greek vessels were very diverse in shape and appointment. We play a game that will help us understand the diversity of the forms and functions of ancient vessels. The procedure for holding: on three tables are different cards. Pupils are in turn fit to the first table and choose a card with a description of the vase. Returning to place, read, then fit the second table, choose a card with the name of the vase. Lastly, students choose a vase shape cut out of paper. Then on the screen appears in turn of the image of various forms of VAZ. A student who thinks that this is his vase calls her, reads a description from the card.

On the ancient Greek vases you can highlight the ornament and the picture is a storyline. The ornament was decorated with less important parts of the vase - leg and neck. Often he was a pattern of leaves resembling palm trees - palmette. Mandrol was very common - pattern in the form of a broken or curve curve with curls. There is a legend that a long time ago, people saw the river bed from a high hill. It was wriggle, and it looked like a loop. So there was a famous Greek ornament of Meandr. Ornamental painting

The main part of the vessel, his Tulovo, occupies the picture - the storyline in which genre and mythological scenes are depicted. For them, we can make an idea of \u200b\u200bhow the ancient Greeks looked like, about their clothes, customs - because the paintings on the vases were depicted by mythological heroes, and household scenes. In painting glorified exactly what was most appreciated what they worshiped. And worshiped the perfection and beauty of a person. Scene painting

We looked at what was depicted on ceramics. And now let's imagine how in a large workshop, artists and apprentices work under the leadership of Gonchar, who is both the owner and the main specialist of their institution. The patronage of the pottery was considered the goddess Athena. This is what she asked her masters. Miscelred Prayers, Athena, guarding the furnace. Give me to go to the fame of pots and bottles and bowls! So that they fell good and profit given pretty. Antique VAZ painting styles

The most ancient - geometric. Carpet style is characteristic of the Corinth region. If the background of the vase orange-red, and the figures are black, then called this style with blackfoot. Based on drawing silhouette. On the chernofigure vessels, the details of the silhouettes were scratched on the lacquer surface. The body of female figures is painted white. Later, the black-phony painting changed more perfect - reddigure. The figures themselves are left in the warm color of clay, and the background is covered with shiny black varnish. Details are no longer scratched, but are denoted by thin black lines, it allows for a muscles, transmit thin folds of clothing, wavy curls. The head of the person and on black and black and the red-chicken vases were portrayed in profile.

In this style, the essence of ancient Greek art and religiosity was reflected. In IX century BC e. In ancient Greek art, the period occurs in which geometric ornaments in the form of meanders prevail. In addition to ornamental friezes, figure images were distributed, which became the prototypes of friezes with the image of animals and people during the archaic period. The annunulations of the Messengers of the freungelhouse in the century of Homer after 750 BC. e. Strictly geometric direction is replaced by friezes with images of fabulous predatory animals. The vases began to depict the stories of the myths. Gomera750 BC. E.phrizes of styles of antique VAZ

Carpet or ornamental artistic direction in Vazopysis of ancient Greece VII. BC e. Vazopisi ancient GreeceVii in. BC e. For this style, the motives depicted from the Middle East are characterized by the image of the vultures, sphinxes and lions, located with tiers. The main center of manufacturing ceramics in this style was Corinth. This style was also popular with the masters of a pottery in the Attika. The illustrian East of GryzovfinSlives Corinthattika styles of antique VAZ

Black-chi-burning styles of antique VAZ is one of the most significant styles. The flourishing of black-phony vases falls on the VIIIV centuries. BC e. In the technique of black-phony vasopy, the plot depicted on a vase with a clay slip (glossy clay, earlier than the mistakenly considered varnish). Thus, it was not painting in the usual understanding of this word. First, the drawing was applied on a vase with a tool type of brush. Details inside the image drawn with the help of notches on the slip. For the study of parts, mineral paints are often used red and white for ornaments, elements of clothing, hair, animal mane, weapon parts, etc. White paint was also used for the image of a female body. It was possible to estimate the final result of painting only after a complex trigger firing. In the process of firing, the clay of the vessel acquired a reddish tint, and the slip became black. Shoulder

Red-growing styles of antique VAZ painting appeared approximately 530 BC. e. In Athens and existed until the end of the III century. BC e. For several decades, a red-chicken vasopisus ousted the chernofilm vase dominant before that. Its name is a red-chicken style thanks to the characteristic color ratio between the shapes and the background, which is directly opposite to the Black-Figure: Black, Figures are red. The main centers for the production of red-chicken ceramics, in addition to the attic, were pottery workshops in Lower Italy. 530 BC. e. Athensiii in. BC e. Ceramiciath colleagonic cells of chernofilic cells

Consider how the ancient Greeks of the clothes were depicted. Hiton served under clothes. There was a fashion for short linen chitons for men and long, revengent, chitons for women who were necessarily joined or under the breast or on the waist. Homer, describing women's robes, uses the epithet perfectly obscured. From the east to Greece, the outerwear - Himatius rectangular, the oblong shape of the raincoat, who flied in such a way that it fell from the neck with a wide side. He covered the whole body to the ankle, leaving a free right hand. In order for this robe, it was attached to his lower edge. Tassels with chicks in them were attached. Short Greeks gymas called chlamyda

The shoes of the ancient Greeks are sandals and leather shoes, which were often laid by a fur for heat. Many walked barefoot almost all the time, especially at home. Hiking warriors - Goplites - put on Kiraça from leather and bronze, bronze pons, who defended her legs below the knee. Goplit had a long spear and a short iron sword. The shields were large and round to protect the body from the neck to the knees. Athenians marked their shields and or familiar to his family. Helmets of warriors were caught from bronze and on top were decorated with a comb from horse hair. Clothing of the ancient Greeks

And now a little about the ancient Greek hairstyles. In women, hair was long, usually combed to top. In the fashion there were wavy and curly heads, the hairstyle was held with ribbons, scarves, grids. And men could have long and short, sometimes tied around the head of the ribbon. Some men wore beards. Clothing of the ancient Greeks