Genre peculiarity of grief from the mind. Genre peculiarity of the play A

The problem of the genre. The main techniques of comic (A.S. Griboedov "Mount from the mind")

In the comedy "grief from the mind", two storylines: love and socio-political, they are absolutely equivalent, and central hero both is Chatsky.

In the drama of classicism, the action developed by virtue of external reasons: major turning outfit events. In the "grief from the mind", the return of Chatsky to Moscow becomes such an event. This event gives an impetus to action, becomes a string of comedy, but does not determine its move. All the attention of the author, thus focused on the inner life of heroes. Exactly spiritual world Characters, their thoughts and feelings create a system of comedy heroes relationships and determine the course of action.

Failure of Griboedov from the traditional scene junction and a prosperous finale, where virtue triumphs, and the vice is punished, - essential property His comedies. Realism does not recognize the unambiguous finals: after all, everything is too difficult in life, each situation may have an unpredictable completion or continuation. Therefore, the "grief from the mind" is not completed logically, the comedy seems to be broken into the most dramatic moment: when the whole truth opened, "sleeved sleeved" and all the main characters are set before the serious choice of the new path.

Critica's play genre defined differently (political comedy, comedy of morals, satyrian comedy), but it is more important to us: Griboedovsky Chatsky is not a classic character, but "one of the first in the Russian playwright of romantic heroes, and as a romantic hero, on the one hand, it is categorically not a consecutive environment familiar with him since childhood, those ideas that creates and promotes this environment; on the other hand - deep and emotionally "lives" circumstances associated with his love for Sofa "(Encyclopedia literary heroes. M., 1998).

Griboedov created a comedy with extensive issues. It affects not only topical public problems, but also modern in any era moral questions. The writer comprehends those social and moral and psychological conflicts that make a play truly artistic work. And yet he addressed the "grief from the mind" above all to its contemporaries. Theater A. S. Griboedov considered in the traditions of classicism: not as an entertainment institution, but as the department, the tribune with which could pronounce essential thoughts So that Russia heard them so that modern society saw his vices - petty, vulgarity - and was horrified by him, and laughed at them. Therefore, Griboedov sought to show Moscow primarily funny.

According to the rules of decency, we first turn to the owner of the house - Pavel Afanasyevich Famusov. He could not forget for a minute that he is the father of the bride's daughter. It must be married. But, of course, not just "sell from the hands." Worthy son-in-law - here the main problemwhich torments him. "What a commission, the creator, to be an adult daughter father!" He sighs. His hopes for a good batch are associated with cliffs: after all, he is "a gold bag and marks to the generals." How capelessly leads Magazov in front of the future general, flattering him, it is noisily admiring every word of this frankly stupid "warrior", during the fighting of the lessed "in the trench"!

Comic and the scalosis itself - his mind lacks even to learn the basic rules of decent behavior. He constantly loudly the edge and laughs, argues about the "many channels" of the extraction of the ranks, about happiness in the partnership - this is when comrades are interrupted and he gets the title. But it is interesting: rockozub, the character is purely farce, it is always equally equally. The image of Famusov is much more complicated: it is deeper than worked psychologically, he is interested in the author as a type. And Griboedov makes it funny in different ways. He is simply comic when Lebeshes before the brave colonel, flirts with Liza or prevents the holy, reading the morals of Sofier. But his arguments about the service: "Signed, so with the shoulders of a share," his admiration for the uncle Maxim Petrovich, his anger on the Chatsky and humiliated fear of the court "Princess Maryia Alekskna" is no longer only ridiculous. They are terrible, scary with their deep immorality, unprincipledness. It is terrible to those inherent not only by the Famusov - these are the vital installations of the entire Famusov world, the whole "century past". That is why Griboedov was important that his heroes first of all caused laughter - laughter of viewers over the disadvantages and vices, which are peculiar to them. And "grief from the mind" is truly funny comedyThis is the constellation of comedy types.

Here, for example, the Toguhovsky family: a chvillya spouse, a husband on parcels, not uttered during his stage presence, not a single partial replica, and six daughters. Poor Magazov, in our eyes, climbs out in front of the skin, in order to attach one and only daughter, and then six prnjezon, but that is certainly not gliding beauty. And it's not by chance that I saw a new face on the ball - and they, of course, turned out to be Chatsky (always inappropriate!) - Toguhovsky immediately began to match. True, having learned that the potential groom is not unfortunately returned.

And riiki? Don't they play a comedy? Natalia Dmitrievna turned his husband, a young military, who had recently retired, in an unreasonable child, which is constantly and annoyingly worked. Plato Mikhailovich sometimes flows into some irritation, but, in general, it constitutes this supervision, has long been upgrading with his humiliating position.

So, before us comedy from secular life Modern Griboedovo Moscow. What a hell, characteristic feature Her author constantly emphasizes? Men are in the strange dependence on women. They voluntarily gave their male privilege - to be the main ones - and they are fully satisfied with miserable role. It wonderfully formulates this Chatsky:

Husband-boy, husband-servant from the margin of the Frys -

High ideal Moscow all husbands.

Do they consider it an abnormal such state of things? No, they are completely satisfied. Moreover, pay attention to how this idea consistently holds this idea: after all, women rule not only on stage, but also behind the scene. Let us remember Tatyana Yurievna, about which Pavel Afanasyevich mentions in the monologue "Taste, father, excellent manner ...", the patronage of which is so expensive and silence; Recall the final replica of Famousov:

Oh! Oh my God! What will say

Princess Marya Alekshna?

For him - Men, Barina, a state official not from small - the court of some Maryia Alekseevna is terrible God's courtFor her word will determine the opinion of the world. She and her like - Tatyana Yurevna, Hlesov, Graphon Grandma and Granddaughter - create public opinion. Women's power is perhaps the main comic Topic All the plays.

The comedy invariably appears not to some abstract representations of the viewer or reader about how it should be. It appeals to our common sense, so we laugh, reading the "grief from the mind." Funny what is unnatural. But what then distinguishes the laughter of cheerful, joyful from laughter of bitter, gall, sarcastic? After all, the same society, over which we just laughed, quite seriously consider our hero insane. The verdict of the Moscow light Chapkom Surov: "insane all over." The fact is that the author freely uses in the framework of one play with different types of comic. From the action to the action of the combination of "grief from the mind" acquires an increasingly tangible shade of sarcasm, bitter irony. All heroes are not only Chatsky - joking in the course of the play less and less. The atmosphere is so close to the Hero of the Famus House becomes stuffy and unbearable. To the final, Chatsky is no longer that joker who rises everyone and everything. Having lost this ability, the hero simply ceases to be himself. "Slept!" He shouts in despair. The irony is a way of life and attitude towards what to change is not in your power. Therefore, the ability to joke, the possibility in every situation to see something funny, ridiculous the most sacred rituals Life is not just a feature of character, it is the most important feature of consciousness and worldview. And the only way to combat Chatsky and above all with his evil tongue, ironic and sarcastic, - to make a mixture out of it, repay him the same coin: now he is the jester and the soldiers, although it does not suspect. Chatsky, in the course of the play, changes: transfers from a fairly harmless laughter over the invariance of Moscow orders and ideas for eternity and fiery satire, in which the morals of those who are derived from the forgotten newspapers // Times of Ochakovskiy and conquering Crimea. " The role of Chatsky, according to the observation of I.A. Goncharova, - "Paddy", there is no doubt. The dramatic motive increasingly grow to the final, and the comic gradually inferior to its primacy. And this is also an innovation of Griboedov.

From the point of view of the aesthetics of classicism, this is a non-dissimilar mixture of genres of satire and a high comedy. From the point of view of the reader of the new time is the luck of a talented playwright and step to a new aesthetics, where there is no hierarchy of genres and one genre is not separated from another deaf fence. So, according to Goncharov, the "grief from the mind" is "the picture of the morals, and the gallery of living types and forever sharp, burning satire, and at the same time and comedy, ... what is hardly found in other literature." I defined the essence of the comedy N. G. Chernyshevsky in the thesis "Aesthetic attitudes of art to reality": Comichea "... Inner emptiness and insignificance human lifewhich at the same time is covered with appearance having a claim for content and real meaning. "

What are the comic receptions in the "grief from the mind"? Through the entire comedy is the reception of the "deaf conversation." Here is the first phenomenon of the second action, the meeting of Famusov with Chatsky. The interlocutors do not hear each other, everyone speaks about her, interrupting the other:

Famuses. Oh! Oh my God! He carbonaries!

Chatsky. No, now the light is not so.

Famuses. Dangerous man!

History of the creation of a comedy

Comedy "Woe from Wit" - the main and most valuable result of the creativity of A.S. Griboedov. When studying the comedy "grief from the mind", the analysis should be subjected to primarily the conditions in which the play was written. It affects the question of the brewing opposition of the progressive and conservative nobility. Griboedov rises the morals of the secular society of early 19th century. In this regard, the creation of such a work was a rather bold step at that period of development of Russian history.

The case is known when Griboedov, returning from abroad, was on one of the aristocratic techniques in St. Petersburg. There, it was outraged by the ultimate attitude of society to one foreign guest. The progressive glances of Griboedov pushed him to the statement of his sharply negative opinion on this matter. Guests considered young man Crazy, and the news about it quickly spread in society. It was this case that pushed the writer to the creation of a comedy.

Topic and problematic plays

Analysis of the comedy "grief from the mind" is advisable to start with the appeal to its name. It reflects the idea of \u200b\u200bplay. Mountain from his sanity is experiencing the main character Comedy - Alexander Andreevich Chatsky, who rejected by society only because he is smarter than those who surround it. From here it follows and the other problem: if society rejects a person of an extraordinary mind, how does this characterize the society itself? Chatsky feels uncomfortable among people who consider it insane. It gives rise to numerous speech clashes of the main character with representatives of the society hated by him. In these conversations, each party considers himself smarter than the interlocutor. Only the mind of the conservative nobility lies in the ability to adapt under the existing circumstances to obtain maximum material benefits. The one who is not chasing the ranks and money for them is madman.

The adoption of Chatsky's views for a conservative nobility means start changing your life in accordance with the requirements of time. It does not seem comfortable anyone. It is easier to declare Chatsky crazy, because then on his accusatory speech you can simply not pay attention.

In the collision of Chatsky with representatives of the aristocratic society, the author raises a number of philosophical, moral, national and cultural and domestic issues. Within these topics, the problems of serfdom, serving the state, education, are discussed. family Uklade. All these problems are disclosed in comedy through the prism of understanding the mind.

Conflict of dramatic work and its originality

The peculiarity of the conflict of the play "Woe from Wit" is that there are two of them: love and social. The social contradiction lies in the collision of the interests and views of the representatives of the "century of the present" in the face of the Chatsky and the "century of the past" in the face of Famusov and his supporters. Both conflicts are closely connected with each other.

Love experiences make Chatsky come to the house of Famusov, where he was not for three years. He cares his beloved sophia in confusion, she takes him very coldly. Chatsky does not recognize that arrived not in time. Sophia is engaged in experiences love Story With a silent, secretary of his father, living in their home. Endless reflections on the causes of cooling of Sofia feelings forcing Chatsky to ask questions to the beloved, her father, silence. During the dialogues, it turns out that the Chatsky diverges views with each of the interlocutors. They argue about the service, about ideals, about the nrules of secular society, on education, about the family. The views of Chatsky frighten the representatives of the "century past" because they threaten the usual estimates of the life of the Famow Society. Conservative nobles are not ready for change, therefore, the Society is instantly dealt with a hearing about the madness of the Chatsky, the unstable fastened sofa. The beloved of the main character is a source of unpleasant gossip because he prevents her personal happiness. And this again sees the interweaving of love and social conflicts.

System of existing comedy

In the image of the characters, Griboedov does not hold the clear separation of them on positive and negative, which was mandatory for classicism. All heroes have both positive and negative features. For example, Chatsky smart, honest, bold, independent, but he also quick-tempered, unceremonen. Pharmuses son of his century, but at the same time he is a beautiful father. Sofya, ruthless towards the Chatskom, intelligent, dare and decisive.

But the use of "speaking" surnames in the play is a direct heritage of classicism. The surname of the Hero of Griboedov tries to put the lead line of his personality. For example, the name of Famuses is produced from Latin Fama, which means "Solve". Consequently, Famuses - a person who is most worried about public opinion. It is enough to remember his final replica to make sure that: "... What will say the princess of Marya Alekskna!". Chatsky was originally Chadsky. This surname hints at the fact that the hero is in the chad of its struggle with the nruhs of the aristocratic society. Interest in this respect and the hero of the reheetles. His surname is connected with the French word Repeto - I repeat. This character is the cartoon twin of Chatsky. He has no own opinion, but only repeats other people's words, including the words of Chatsky.

It is important to pay attention to the alignment of characters. Social conflict takes place mainly between Chatsky and Famusov. The love confrontation is built up between Chatsky, Sofia and silent. These are the main characters. Unites love I. public conflict Chapsky's figure.

The most difficult in the comedy "grief from the mind" is considered the image of Sofia. It is difficult to attribute to persons who adhere to the views of the "century past". In relations with silent, she despises the opinion of society. Sophia reads a lot, loves art. She is contracted by a stupid scalosis. But the supporter of Chatsky will not call it, because in conversations with him, it is a cake of him for ulcerativeness, mercilessness in words. It was her word about the madness of Chatsky that became decisive in the fate of the main character.

Important in the play and secondary and episodic characters. For example, Lisa, cliffs are directly involved in the development of a love conflict, complicating and deepening it. Episodic charactersThe guests at Famusov (Toguhovskiy, Hryumina, Zagoretsky) fully reveal the morals of the Famówovsky society.

Development of dramatic action

Analysis of the actions of "grief from mind" will allow to identify composite features Works and features of the development of dramatic action.

The exposition of the comedy can be considered all the phenomena of the first action before the arrival of Chatsky. Here the reader gets acquainted with the place of action and learn not only about the love of Sofia and Molchalin, but also that before Sofya had a gentle feeling towards the Chatkom, who had to go through the light. The appearance of the Chatsky in the seventh phenomenon of the first action is the tie. Next follows the parallel development of social and love conflict. The conflict of Chatsky with the Famovsky society reaches its peak on the ball is the culmination of action. The fourth action, 14 of the comedy phenomenon (Chatsky's final monologue) is a union of both a public and love line.

In the junction, Chatsky is forced to retreat before the Famovsky society, because he is in the minority. But it can hardly be considered defeated. Just the time of Chatsky has not yet come, the split in the noble medium only outlined.

The peculiar feature of the play

Research and analysis of the work of the "Mount of Mind" will detect its bright originality. Traditionally, "grief from the mind" is considered to be the first Russian realistic play. Despite this, it survived the features inherent in classicism: "talking" names, the unity of time (the events of the comedy occur within one day), the unity of the place (the play of the play unfolds in the Famusov House). However, Griboedov refuses unity: in the comedy, two conflicts are developing in parallel, which contradicts the traditions of classicism. The formula of romanticism is also clearly seen in the formula: an exceptional hero (Chatsky) in unusual circumstances.

Thus, the relevance of the problems of the play, its unconditional innovation, the aphoristicity of the comedy language has not only great value In the history of Russian literature and dramaturgy, but also contribute to the popularity of comedy from modern readers.

Test on the work

"Woe from the mind" A. S. Griboyedov can truly be considered an innovative work. Until now, there is a controversy on the issue of the genre of this play.

It is familiar to the definition of the genre of the work as a comedy. Indeed, in the play, you can observe the comic situations in which comic characters are provided. For example, the image of the scalosis personifies uneducation and limitations, in all scenes it is ridiculous. Yes, even Chazki himself, according to A. S. Pushkin, looks ridiculous when trying to "throw beads" before uneducated people. The play of the play is also comic, it is light, witty, easily memorable. No wonder this is so aforistry.

But it is impossible to accurately determine the type of comedy. There are features and comedies of characters, and household comedy, and public satire.

Griboedov himself initially determines the work as a scenic poem, then calls him a dramatic picture, and subsequently denotes the play of the comedy in verses. Even here we see the inability to clearly define the genre peculiarity of the Griboedovsky work. The contemporaries of the writer called the play with a high comedy, as the author lifts enough in it serious problems Modern Society.

However, there are critics that argue about whether the play is "grief from the mind" comedy. An important argument It is the fact that the main character is Chatsky - not comic. The play occurs in the confrontation of a person educated with his society. And this conflict between the "century passed" and the "century of the current" is tragic. This will note the tragedy features.

Chatsky is even surviving soulful drama, Once in confrontation with the whole society. Drama but already personal character, I am experiencing Sophia, which is disappointed in his beloved. Therefore, there are features of the dramatic genre.

Thus, the author's intent was so great that he could not meet the framework of one genre. It is possible to note the features of the drama and tragedy, although the leading genre, of course, is a comedy, the principle of which "laughter through tears".

Option 2.

The work is not one of the classical literary genres, since it refers to the innovative creation of a writer, who initially determined the play in the form of a stage poem, then called it a dramatic picture, and subsequently carried to the comedy work.

The author deliberately departs from the traditional principles of the works of classicism, introducing several conflicts into the storyline, in which, in addition to the love line, there is an acute socio-political orientation, which determines the main topics of the comedy in the form of a tragic confrontation of a wise personality, exposing bribery, careerism, hypocrisy, a nearby surrounding it society.

For its implementation creative design The writer makes a significant adjustment to the classic canons of the traditional understanding of the comedy literary genre.

Secondly, the author describing specific traits Characters comedy, adds realistic, reliable qualities to them, hanging each of the heroes, both positive and negative devils character. The realism of the play is emphasized by disclosing the author of urgent problems that exciting progressive representatives of modern society, which the writer expresses through the image of the main character of the work.

In addition, there are elements in comedies dramatic workwho are expressed in the spiritual experiences of the main character who collided with unrequited love.

Applying acute satire in the narrative, the writer presents its work in the form of a live demonstration of existing social life, mired in the centers, sinoprech, falsehood, hypocrisy, greed. The comic speech of the heroes of the play with the use of numerous picturesque, bright, expressive aphorisms that the author invests in the mouth of almost all comedy characters.

A distinctive feature of the play is his poetic form, concluded in the inevitable rhythm, not allowing pauses, stopping the work in the form of a musical drama.

All of the above makes it possible to attribute the Griboedovskiy work to the category of literary creations, representing a genre combination, while the main of them is the social and social comedy. The use of comic circumstances in the play using a variety of inconsistencies, contradictions between the tragedy and the comedy allows the author to demonstrate the true meaning of the dramatic conflict of the current and century last, revealing the genre of the work in the form of tragicomedy, expressed in the psychological realism of the events described.

Created by the writer creation, replete with artistic and satirical elements, is a significant contribution to the development of Russian literature.

Several interesting writings

• The meaning of the name of the story was a fascinated wanderer Leskov

  In 1873, N.S.Leskov wrote a story "Chernozem Telemak", but then for some reason renamed it. The work was obtained a more accurate and capacious name - "Enchanted Wanderer."

• Writing of xles and whip 8 class

  In the work of Gogol, entitled "Auditor" there are two concepts that are inextricably linked with each other. Khlestakov and Klestakovshchina, who over time they went beyond ordinary literary concepts

• Characteristic and image of Leli in the story of Kusaka Andreeva Essay

  The main character of the work is a Leller represented by a writer in the image of a young girl who is a student of the gymnasium.

• Image and Characteristics of Grigory Muromsky in the story of the young peasant peasant essay

  Grigory Ivanovich Muromsky is a tricky landowner whose wife died. He is insignificantly and thoughtlessly spends money, referring them to left and right.

History don Cossacks It goes into the depths of the centuries. In the time of Ivan the Terrible, the Cossacks fought with Crimean Khan, Queen Catherine loved, Cossacks, they used great privileges

Comedy - color of civilization, the fruit of the developed public. To understand the comic, one must stand at a high stage of formation.
V. G. Belinsky

According to the genre "Mount from the mind", social (ideological) satirical comedy. The theme of this work is an image of a socially significant clash of the "century of the current", who wants to replace the old public order, to correct the morals of society, and the "century of the past", who fearful any public changes, because these changes really threaten his well-being. That is, the comedy describes the collision of the progressive and reaction nobility. Named social contradiction is the main one for the era coming after Patriotic War 1812, which exposed many indigenous defects of Russian society. First of all, it was, of course, absolutism, serfdom, bureaucracy, cosmopolitanism.

"Woe from the mind" is an ideological comedy, since Griboedov pays a lot of attention to the disputes of heroes according to their most relevant issues, social and moral. At the same time, the playwright leads to the statements of both Chatsky, who expresses progressive views and Famousov, Skalozuba, Molchalin and guests who defend the conservative point of view.

The most important issue in modern Griboedov Russia was the question of serfdom, which lay at the heart of the economic and political device of the state. Chatsky, it must be admitted, it does not appear against the fortress building, but boldly condemns the abuse of serfs, which is indicated by the famous monologue "And the judges who?". The hero mentions the "Nestor of National Ratish", who exchanged for three greyhound dogs of his fortress servants, although learning, they are in wines and fights and honor, and his life has been saved more than once ... (II, 5) Chatsky also speaks about the owner Theater: Walking around, he sold his fortress artists a single one.

All the reasoning about the cruelty of serfdom do not touch the representatives of the Famovskogo society - after all, all today's well-being of the nobility is built on the fortress right. And how easy it is to manage-butt perfectly with powerless people! This is also visible in the House of Famusov, who sticks to Lisa, scolds servants, waven punish them all when and how he pleases. This is evidenced by the behavior of the chleerstorm: she tells his dog in the kitchen and at the same time the girl-arapku. Therefore, it simply does not respond to the angry attacks of Chatsky against the serfs and leaves the room, and the scalosis of the monologue "And the judges who?" He caught only the conviction of the guards uniform, embroidered with gold, (!) And agreed with this.

Chatsky, like Griboedov, believes that the dignity of the nobleman is not to be a serfthrower, but to be a faithful servant of the Fatherland. Therefore, Chatsky is convinced that it is necessary to serve "the case, and not to persons" (II, 2). For the Council of Famousov, he responds reasonably: "It would be glad to serve, sichenly serve" (ibid). Representatives of the Famow Society have a completely different attitude to the service - for them this means of achieving personal well-being, and the ideal is idle life in his pleasure. Therefore, Pavel Afanasyevich talks about his uncle Maxim Petrovich, who was reached by Chamber, entertaining Ekaterina Schutovsky numbers. "BUT? How do you think? In our opinion, it is silent, "Magovyov exclaims. He will repeat the rockosub:

Yes, so that the ranks get, there are many channels;
About them as a true philosopher I judge:
I just got to the generals. (II, 5)

Molchanin advises Chatsky:

Well, right, what would you have in Moscow to serve?
And rewarding to take and having fun? (III, 3)

Chatsky respects smart solly people, it is not afraid to make bold actions. This can be judged by the misty hint of Molchally on the St. Petersburg activity of Chatsky:

Tatyana Yurevna told something
From St. Petersburg turning
With ministers about your connection,
Then gap ... (III, 3)

In the Famovskogo society, people are not valued for personal qualities, but for wealth and related links. The Famuses in the monologue about Moscow speaks of this with pride:

Here, for example, we have been keen from us,
That by father and son honor;
Be bad, but if you go
Shower thousands of two generics -
That and the groom. (II, 5)

People of this circle adopt foreigners and foreign culture. However, the low level of education allows the granddaughter-granddaughter of Hryumina, the princess of Toguhovsky to understand only the French fashion - they are being discussed on the ball folds and fringe on new outfits. Chatsky in his statements (especially in the monologue "In that room, a slight meeting ..." III, 22) very sharply condemns the lowlands before abroad. He, on the contrary, acts as a Patriot of Russia and believes that national history It is not inferior, for example, the French that the Russian people are "smart, cheerful" (ibid), that, respecting someone else's culture, should not be neglected.

Famusovskoe society is experiencing fear of genuine enlightenment. All troubles it connects with books and "science". This view extremely clearly formulates Pavel Afanasyevich himself:

Hours - here is the plague, the study is the reason
What is now the way when,
Madly divorced people, and cases, and opinions. (III, 21)

All guests are in a hurry to agree with the Magazov in this matter, here everyone has words: both Prince of Toguhovskaya, and the old woman is a holly, even at the scaloseba. Chatsky, as an expressive of advanced ideas of his time, can not agree with such views of Famusov and his guests. He, on the contrary, respects those

Who is inadequate individuals, silent, words of curly,
In whose misfortune, head
Five, six people find thoughts,

And he dares them to vowelly declare ... (III, 22) a frivolous attitude towards education and the upbringing of noble children is naturally subject to disregard from the Famow Society to Enlightenment and Sciences. Loving parents

Cotton pick up teachers shelves;
The number of more, price cheaper ... (I, 7)

The educators of noble inexpensive are foreigners with a dubious pedagogical reputation. The sad result of such a system of upbringing (worship over Europe and contempt for the Fatherland) can be observed in the third action:

Oh! France! There is no better edge in the world!
Two Princess, sister, repeating

The lesson who is sought from childhood. (III, 22) As the love line is one of the two plot-forming, the attitude in the nobility in the comedy is considered in the comedy. Ceta Gori is becoming an exemplary family for the Famow Society. The "ideal husband" is turning to the toy of his capricious wife. Chatsky makes fun of such relationships, and Plato Mikhailovich himself complains about his life, boring, monotonous, empty (III, 6).

"Woe from the mind" is a satirical comedy, because in it evil is ridiculed by socially significant vices of heroes. Almost all the characters of the play are described Satirically, that is, their external affected look hides the inner emptiness and minor interests. Such is, for example, the image of a rockozuba - a man is undeveloped, the soldier, which, however, "marks to the generals" (I, 5). This colonel is well versed only in uniforms, orders, chopping discipline. His kosonaya phrases point to primitive thinking, but this "sage" is the hero of all living rooms descended for the Famous's bride and relative. Satirically depicted Molchanin - externally quiet, modest young official, but in the last frank conversation With Lisa, it is revealed as a low hypocrite:

I won my father:
First, to please all people without rewriting -
The owner where will bring to live
Head, who I will serve with
A servant of him that cleans the dresses
Swiss, janitor, for avoid evil,
Dog janitor, so that Laskov was. (IV, 12)

Now all his talents receive another meaning: it appears before the characters of the play and readers a man without honor and conscience, ready for any lowness for the sake of the career. Satirical character and rehetylov. This hints on secret society, on some important state challenge, but everything comes down to empty noise and the scream of his companion friends, because as long as the "state case: it seems that you see, not matured" (IV, 4). Satirically represented, of course, the guests of Famousov: the gloomy old woman of Herustov, absolutely stupid princes, the faceless gentlemen N and D, the piercing chassis. A comprehensive characteristic gives them all the granddaughter's countess:

Well, melodov! I knew the guests to call!
Some freaks from the world

And you can not talk to, and not to dance. (IV, 1) Satirically depicts Griboedov and Chatsky: This enthusiast preaches noble ideas in the living room of Famousov in front of the smug and empty people who are deaf to the preaching of good and justice. An unreasonable behavior of the main character was indicated by A.S. Pushkin in his remote on the "grief from the mind" (Letter to A.A. Bestuzhev at the end of January 1825).

However, the final satirical work Not only not ridiculous, but even dramatic: Chatsky lost his favorite girl, about which he dreamed of three years in separation; He is declared crazy, and he is forced to leave Moscow. Why did Griboedov call his play comedy? This question is still discussed in literary criticism. As it seems, best interpretation Griboedov's plan gives I.A. Throthares in the article "Millon Torzania": calling the "grief from the mind" comedy, the playwright wanted to emphasize the optimisticness of his work. In the struggle of the "century of the present" and "century of the past", the Famusov society wins only outwardly. Chatsky, one defending progressive ideas, broken by the "amount of old power", while he himself had a fatal blow to her - after all, the ideological opponents could not object to all of his critical comments and reproaches and though thinking would not have been thinking, they announced him crazy. Chatsky, according to Goncharov, refutes the Russian proverb: one in the field is not a warrior. Warrior, objects gonchars, if he is Chatsky, and the winner, but at the same time the victim.

So, "grief from the mind" - extremely meaningful work of fiction. The comedy is saturated with a specific vital material of the Griboedovsky era, reflects the political struggle of his time, the struggle between the advanced part of the nobility and the oblique majority. The playwright raised the most important social problems in a small play (about the fortress right, on the appointment of the noble service, about patriotism, about education, education, family relationship In the noble environment, etc.), presented opposite points of view on these problems.

Serious and multi-standard content determined the genre peculiarity of the work - public (ideological) satirical comedy, that is high comedy. The importance of the "grief from the mind" social problems becomes clear when comparing this work with other plays of the same time, for example, with popular household comedians I.A. Krylova "Leir of daughters", "French shop".

The main idea of \u200b\u200bthe work of the "grief from the mind" is an illustration of a meanness, ignorance and operability in front of the ranks and traditions, opposed new ideas, genuine culture, freedom and mind. The main character of Chatsky spoke at the play by a representative of the very democratically tuned society of young people who threw an open challenge to conservatives and serfs. All these subtleties that raged in socio-political life, Griboedov managed to reflect on the example of a classic comedy love triangle. It is noteworthy that the bulk of the work described by the Creator occurs throughout one day, and the characters themselves themselves are displayed very brightly.

Many contemporaries of the writer honored his manuscript sincere praise and ratified before the king for permission to publish a comedy.

History of writing comedy "Mount from Wit"

The idea of \u200b\u200bwriting a comedy "Woe from Wit" visited Griboedov during his stay in St. Petersburg. In 1816, he returned to the city from abroad and was at one of the secular receptions. A deep inner perturbation has caused a lot of Russian people to a foreign, after he noticed that the city knows in front of one of the passage guests. The writer did not restrain himself and showed his negative attitude. In the meantime, one of the invited who did not divide his beliefs parried that Muscoyedov was crazy.

The events of that evening were based on a comedy, and Griboedov himself became the prototype of the chief hero of Chatsky. Work on the work of the writer began in 1821. He worked on a comedy in Tiflis, where he served under General Yermolov, and in Moscow.

In 1823, work on the play was completed, and the writer began to read it in Moscow literary circles, Along the way, getting enthusiastic reviews. The comedy successfully dismissed in the form of lists among the reading population, but for the first time it was published only in 1833, after the Minister of Uvarov to the king. The writer itself by that time alive was no longer.

Analysis of the work

Main plot comedy

The events described in the comedy occur in early XIX. century, in the house of the metropolitan official Famusov. His young daughter Sophia is in love with the secretary of Famusov, Molchalin. He is a man is calculating, not rich, occupying small chin.

Knowing about the passions of Sofia, he meets with it by calculation. One day in the house of Famusov, a young noralian Chazki is coming - a family friend who has not been in Russia for three years. The purpose of his return is the marriage to Sofye, to which he has feelings. Sophia herself hides his love in Molchalin from the main character of the comedy.

Father sofya man of old gender and views. He turns to the ranks and believes that young must please in all superiors, do not show their opinions and serve the earliest selflessly. Chatsky, in contrast to him, a witty young man with a sense of pride and good formation. Such views he condemns, considers stupid, hypocritical and empty. Greater disputes arise between Famusov and Chatsky.

On the day of arrival of Chatsky in the House of Famusov gather invited guests. During the evening, Sophia dismisses his rumor, as if Chatsky went crazy. Guests, also not dividing his views, actively pick up this thought and unanimously recognize the hero of the crazy.

Once on the evening of the White Voronene, Chatsky is going to leave the Famine House. Waiting for the carriage, he hears, as the secretary of Famusov is recognized in his senses of the maid of the Lord. It hears this and Sophia, which immediately drives out of the house of Molchalin.

Junction love scene Ends in disappointment of Chatsky in Sofye and secular society. The hero forever leaves Moscow.

Heroes of Comedy "Mount from Wit"

This is the main character of Comedy Griboyedov. He is an offacious nobleman, whose possession is 300 - 400 shower. Chatsky early remained orply, and since his father was a close friend of Famusov, since childhood he was brought up with Sofia in the Famus House. Later he became bored with them, and at first he settled separately, and after and left to go to the world at all.

Since childhood, Chatsky and Sofia were friends, but he experienced not only friendly feelings.

The main character in Griboyedov's comedy is not stupid, witty, eloquent. Lover of ridicule over stupid, Chatsky was a liberal who does not want to fake before the bosses and to serve the highest ranks. That is why he did not serve in the army and was not a government official that for the era of the time and his pedigree - a rarity.

Famusov - a man aged with gray in temples, nobleman. For their age, he is very cheerful and fresh. Pavel Afanasyevich Widovets, from his children is the only Sophia, 17 years old.

The official consists in public service, it is rich, but at the same time windy. Pharmuses are without constraints to their own maids. His character is explosive, restless. Pavel Afanasyevich Obsvgly, but with necessary peopleHe knows how to take proper politeness. An example of this is his communication with a colonel, for whom Famusov wishes to marry a daughter. For his purpose, he is ready for everything. Submission, Ralespace in front of the ranks and low-planness for it is characteristic. He also values \u200b\u200bthe opinion of society about himself and his family. Read the official does not like and education does not consider something very important.

Sofya - daughter of a rich official. Cute and formed in the best rules Moscow nobility. Left early without a mother, but being in the care of the governess Madame Rosier, she reads French books, dancing and plays the piano. Sophia girl is a non-permanent, windy and easily fond of young men. At the same time, she is trusting and very naive.

In the course of the play, it is clear that she does not notice the fact that Molchanin does not love her and is with her next because of its own benefits. Father calls her sink and shamelessness, Sophia itself considers himself smart and not a cowardly young lady.

Secretary of Famusov, who lives in their house - this is a single young man from very poor family. Its own noble title Molchanin received only during the service that in those days was considered permissible. For this, Pharmuses occasionally calls him rootless.

The surname of the hero, as it is impossible, corresponds to its character and temperament. He does not like to talk. Solvelin is a limited and very stupid man. He behaves modestly and quietly, honors the ranks and tries to please everyone who is in his surroundings. Does it exclusively from the benefit.

Alexey Stepanovich never expresses his opinion, due to which the surrounding people consider it a completely cute young man. In fact, it is a sneaky, unprincipled and cowardly. At the end of the comedy, it becomes clear that Molchanlin is in love with the servant Lisa. Having admitted to her in this, he receives a portion of the righteous anger from Sofia, but a characteristic licority for him, he allows him to stay in the service at her father and on.

Scalozub - secondary hero Comedy, he is a magnificent colonel who wants to become a general.

Pavel Afanasyevich belongs to the scalosis to the category of enviable Moscow grooms. In the opinion of Famusov, a rich officer who has a weight and status in society - a good party for his daughter. Sofier himself did not like her soul. In the work, the image of the scalose is collected in separate phrases. To the speech of Chatsky, Sergey Sergeevich joins the discarding reasoning. They give out its ignorance and uneducation.

The servant Liza

Lisanka is the usual maid in the Famovsky House, but at the same time it takes a rather high place among others. literary charactersAnd she is given quite a lot of different episodes and descriptions. The author describes in detail what Lisa does and what and how she says. She makes confessing in his feelings of other heroes of the play, provokes them to certain actions, pushes to various solutions, important for their lives.

Mr. Reetales appears in the fourth action of the work. This is a secondary, but a bright character of the comedy, invited to the ball to the Famusov on the occasion of his daughter Sophia. His image - characterizes the person who chooses easy way in life.

Zagoretsky

Anton Antonovich Zagoretsky - Svetsky Kutil without ranks and honors, however, who can, and loving to be invited to all acceptors. Due to his gift - to be pleasing "to the yard".

Hurrying to visit the center of events, "as if" from the side, the secondary hero A.S. Griboedova, Anton Antonovich, his own person, turns out to be invited to the evening in the house of Fastaway. From the very first seconds, the action with his person becomes clear - Zagoretsky is the same "frame".

Madame Hlesov - also one of secondary characters Comedy, but its role is very colorful. This is a woman already old years. She is from the family 65. She has a dog-Spitz and a black-skinned maid - Arapka. Khlestov aware of the last woven yard and willingly share own stories From life, in which the work easily talks about other characters.

Composition and plot lines of comedy "Mount Mind"

When writing a comedy "Woe from Mind", Griboedov used characteristic this genre Reception. Here we can see the classic plot, where two men apply for one girl's hand. Their images are also classic: one modest and respectful, the second is educated, proud and confident in its own superiority. True, in the play of Griboedov a little differently put emphasis in the character of heroes, making it cute for the society, it was Molkolly, and not Chatsky.

During several chapters, the play is a background description of life in the Famine House and only in the seventh phenomenon begins the prisoner of the love plot. A sufficiently detailed long description during the play narrates only about one day. Long development of events is not described here. Scene lines In the comedy two. These are conflicts: love and social.

Each of the images described by Griboedov, multifaceted. Even the silellin is interesting, to which, already at the reader, there is an unpleasant attitude, but it does not cause an explicit disgust. It is interesting for him to observe in various episodes.

In the play, despite the capture of fundamental structures, there are certain deviations for building a plot, and it is clearly traced that the comedy was written on the junction at once literary epochs: prosperous romanticism, emerging realism and dying classicism.

The comedy of Griboedov "Woe from Wit" received its popularity not only for the use of classic methods for building the plot in non-standard framework for them, there were explicit changes in society, which then only originated and allowed their first sprouts.

It is interesting about the work also because it is straightened from all other works written by Griboedov.