The most important thought of the captain's daughter. Analysis of the novel "The Captain's Daughter" (A

CAPTAIN'S DAUGHTER
(Story, Oct. 19, 1836)
Grinev Petr Andreevich (Petrusha) - the main character of the latter
major work of Pushkin, a provincial Russian nobleman,
on whose behalf (in the form of "notes for the memory of posterity", compiled
in the era of Alexander I about the era of the Pugachev rebellion) is
narration. In the historical story "The Captain's Daughter" agreed
all themes of Pushkin's creativity in the 1830s. Place "usual"
person in great historical events, freedom of choice in cruel
social circumstances, law and mercy, "family thought" -
all this is present in the story and is associated with the image of the main character
storyteller.
Originally Pushkin, as it was in the unfinished story
"Dubrovsky", was going to put in the center of the narrative of the noble
a renegade who moved from one camp to another (here his prototype
served as a real officer of the Catherine era Shvanvich); or
a captive officer who is fleeing from Pugachev. There was also
the prototype is a certain Basharin, it was such a surname that should have been
wear a hero, later renamed Bulanin, Valuev - and,
finally, in G. (This name in another vocalization - Granev - is found in
plans of the unfinished "Novel on the Caucasian Waters", 1831.) The name is
also taken from the actual history of the Pugachev region; wore it twice
a citizen arrested on suspicion of treason and later acquitted.
This is how the idea of ​​a story about a person was finally determined, by the will
Providence caught between two warring camps; O
a nobleman who is steadfastly loyal to the oath does not separate
himself from the estate as a whole and from the class ideas about honor in
particular - but who at the same time looks at the world with an open mind.
Having closed the plot chain precisely on G. (and "entrusting" the role
renegade nobleman Shvabrin), Pushkin reproduced the principle
historical prose by Walter Scott, in whose novels (especially from
"Scottish" cycle - "Waverley", "Rob Roy", "Puritans") such
the type of hero occurs constantly - as well as the situation itself: two
camps, two truths, one destiny. So is the direct
"Literary predecessor" G., Yuri Miloslavsky from
the eponymous "Walter-Scott" novel by M. N. Zagoskin (with that
a huge difference that Miloslavsky is a prince, and not an "ordinary"
human) . Followed Grinev and other characters of "The Captain's Daughter"
acquire Walther-Scottish features. The image of the faithful servant G.
Savelich (whose name coincides with the name of the "patriotic" coachman,
witness of the Pugachev rebellion in the "Walter-Scottish" novel by M.N.
Zagoskin "Roslavlev") goes back to Caleb from the novel "Lammermoor
bride" ; episode in which the bride Grineva Marya Ivanovna Mironova
tries to get Catherine II to justify her beloved, repeats
episode with Jenny Ginet from "Dungeon of Edinburgh" and others.
The genre of "notes for posterity" made it possible to depict
story "at home" - and assumed that the hero's life would
unfold before the reader from childhood, and the death of the hero
will remain outside the immediate narrative (otherwise
there would be no one to write notes).
G.'s "background" is simple: he is the son of Prime Minister Andrey
Petrovich Grinev, living after retirement in a small (300 souls)
estate in the Simbirsk province Raises a serf Petrusha
"Uncle", Savelich, teaches - Monsieur Beaupre, a former hairdresser and
hunter to Russian liqueur. Pushkin transparently hints that
the early resignation of his father was associated with the palace coup of the times
Anna Ioannovna. Moreover, it was originally assumed (and with
plot point of view, it would be much more "beautiful") to explain
resignation by the events of 1762, the Catherine's coup, - but then
the chronology would be completely broken. Be that as it may, father
the hero is as if “excluded” from history; he cannot realize himself (and
that's why he gets angry every time

The epigraph to the chapter "Sergeant of the Guard" reveals the understanding by Andrey Petrovichev and Petrusha of the duty of an officer. Pyotr Grinev is a young nobleman, an uyezd ignoramus. He received a provincial education from a Frenchman who "was not an enemy of the Bottle" and liked to sip too much. " His father, Andrei Petrovich Grinev, considered the concept of duty from the position of an officer. He believed that an officer was obliged to carry out all orders of his superiors, "to serve faithfully to the one to whom you swear allegiance." Father immediately says that "Petrusha will not go to Petersburg," and sends him to the remote Belogorsk fortress. Andrei Petrovich Grinev does not want his son to learn to "hang and hang".
The epigraph to chapter 11 is an old song. In the chapter "Leader" a "little man" appears, who later becomes the leader of the uprising. With the advent of Pugachev, an alarming, mysterious atmosphere arises in the novel. This is how Petrusha sees him already in his prophetic dream: "A man jumped out of bed, grabbed an ax from behind his back and began waving in all directions ... The room was filled with dead bodies ... A terrible man affectionately called me, saying:" Do not be afraid ... "
Pushkin's Pugachev is “woven” from folklore. It is no coincidence that his appearance during a storm, which becomes a symbolic foreshadowing of the riot.
In "Duel" Shvabrin advises Grinev: "... so that Masha Mironova would come to you at dusk, give her a pair of earrings instead of tender rhymes." Therefore, a duel takes place between Grinev and Shvabrin.
The epigraph to the fifth chapter "Love" speaks of Masha. This is an ordinary Russian girl who hopes to meet her love. Therefore, her attention is attracted by Shvabrin, who was exiled to the Belogorsk fortress for participating in a duel. At first, she is attracted by the education and erudition of the young officer. However, soon Shvabrin commits a number of dastardly acts, which makes Masha indignantly reject his harassment. Masha meets true love in the person of Grinev.
The epigraph to chapter six contains a song. The chapter "Pugachevschina" talks about how an "unknown force" - Pugachev's army - is spontaneously approaching the Belogorsk fortress. The Pugachev uprising brings destruction and death with it.
The chapter "The Attack" reflects the key situation of the "Captain's Daughter" - the capture of the fortress by Pugachev and the behavior of the heroes. All participants in the events find themselves in a situation of choosing life or death: each of them makes it in accordance with their own ideas of morality, honor and duty.
In the eighth chapter, Grinev becomes an "uninvited guest" at Pugachev's. At the "strange council of war" the protagonist hears a "mournful burlak song": "Don't make a noise, mother green oak tree." His "piitic horror" shocks not only the song itself, but also the people singing it, "doomed to the gallows."
The epigraph to the chapter "Parting" contains the main idea: the "sad" parting of two lovers. However, they pass this test with dignity.
In chapter ten, Grinev is faced with a choice: the duty of an officer or feelings. "In the night" he tries to save Marya Ivanovna.
In "Rebellious Sloboda" Pugachev receives Grinev "affectionately". The leader of the uprising lives by the principle: "Debt by payment is beautiful." Therefore, he decides to once again help Pyotr Grinev save Masha from Shvabrin.
In the chapter "Orphan," Grinev and Pugachev arrive at the Belogorsk fortress. There they find Masha "in a peasant torn dress", "with disheveled hair." She was left an orphan - she "has no father, no mother." The captain's daughter pins all hopes for salvation on her beloved Grinev. However, the main savior is Pugachev, who expresses a desire to be "planted by the father" at their wedding.
In the thirteenth chapter "Arrest" a new test appears for the lovers: Grinev is arrested and accused of treason.
In the last chapter, "The Court," Grinev does not want to talk about the captain's daughter, who is involved in the story with Pugachev. However, Masha Mironova herself was able to overcome all obstacles and arrange her happiness. Masha's honesty and sincerity helped to get forgiveness for Grinev from the empress herself.

the problem of honor and duty in the story of the captain's daughter

Honor cannot be taken away, it can be lost. (A.P. Chekhov)

In the late twenties and early thirties, A.S. Pushkin turned to the study of Russian history. He is interested in great personalities, their role in the formation of the state, as well as the question of who or what drives history: the masses or the individual. This is what makes the writer turn to the actual topic of peasant uprisings. The result of his labors was the works - "The History of Pugachev", "The Captain's Daughter", Dubrovsky, "The Bronze Horseman." The historical story "The Captain's Daughter" was written by A. Pushkin in 1833-1836. opposite worlds: the world of the nobility and the world of peasants, headed by Yemelyan Pugachev. Against the background of these events, the love of the young nobleman Pyotr Andreyevich Grinev for the daughter of the commandant of the Belogorsk fortress Masha Mironova is told. The central problem of the work is the problem of honor and duty, as evidenced by the epigraph: " Take care of honor from a young age, "which, as we will see later, will determine the life of the protagonist everywhere. The first time Grinev did his honor, returning the card debt, although Savelich discouraged him from taking such a step. But the innate nobility of the nobleman prevailed here too. A man of honor. , Pyotr Andreevich is always kind and disinterested. He can easily welcome a hare sheepskin coat from his shoulder to some vagrant of thieves' appearance. As it turns out later, this act saved his and his servant's life. Here Pushkin carries out the idea that true goodness will never go unappreciated; it is much easier for kind and honest people to exist than for evil and selfish people. Arrival to the Belogorsk fortress was also marked by many changes in the world outlook of Peter Andreevich. Here he meets Masha Mironova, here a tender feeling flares up between them. Grinev acted like a true officer and nobleman, standing up for the honor of his beloved girl and challenging Shvabrin to a duel. Shvabrin's image is the exact opposite of Grinev's. According to his position, he belongs to the guard officers. A brilliantly educated socialite, however, by nature, very unprincipled. We know little about his past: his career was broken as a result of "murder", there is no hope of returning to St. Petersburg. Shvabrin joined the uprising solely for his own benefit, because otherwise the gallows would have been waiting for him. Having thus sacrificed noble honor, Shvabrin joined the ranks of the rebels, although the goals of the uprising were completely alien to him. During the riot itself, the moral qualities of all its participants were especially vividly manifested. What is the true heroism of Captain Mironov and his wife, who chose death to serve the impostor. They have done their duty to the end. Pyotr Andreevich did the same, which aroused respect from Pugachev. Gradually revealing the image of the leader of the peasant uprising, Pushkin makes us understand that the concepts of honor and duty are not alien to Pugachev. He was able to appreciate these qualities in Grinev and benefited him in everything. Exclusively through the efforts of Pugachev, Petr Andreevich and Masha found each other. Subsequently, even Grinev himself was able to see and appreciate in the rebel and impostor a man of honor, who also has a sense of duty. This is the main difference between Grinev the son and the old man Grinev, for whom the honor and duty of a noble officer were the most important. Grinev Jr. was able to expand these concepts to their universal human meaning and did not deny humanity to such a seemingly alien person like Pugachev. Friendship with the leader of the peasant uprising should have had the most negative effect on the fate of the hero. And indeed, we see him being arrested upon a denunciation and are already preparing to send him to the scaffold after Pugachev.

"Captain's daughter"- one of the first and most famous works of Russian historical prose, the story of A.S. Pushkin, dedicated to the events of the Peasant War of 1773-1775 under the leadership of Yemelyan Pugachev.

What is the main idea, idea and theme of the Captain's daughter

The captain's daughter main idea

The main idea of ​​the Captain's daughter- any person can become brave, strong and courageous. How true love can change a person.
Fidelity to the motherland and the woman he loves, the readiness to protect them and the strength to overcome any obstacles makes a real man out of the "mama's son".

Captain's Daughter Theme- dedicated to the uprising led by Yemelyan Pugachev, that difficult time when the peasant revolt took place. The second theme is the love of different generations. In the story, the author tells about the love of Marya Ivanovna and Pyotr Andreevich, Vasilisa Yegorovna and Ivan Kuzmich

The central figure in the work is Grinev, a noble family, the son of an officer who, at the behest of his father, goes to a new service. On the way he meets with Pugachev, who at that time was still a simple Cossack on the run. he had a sheepskin coat and putting it on, which later helped him to avoid reprisals.

The main idea of ​​the Captain's daughter: The author's disclosure of the patriotism of the inhabitants and defenders of the Belogorsk fortress, their devotion to their oath, the painful but heroic death of the commandant of the fortress Mironov and his wife; true devotion in love to Masha Mironova and Petr Grinev, his courage and loyalty to the oath, Shvabrin's betrayal ..

Why Pushkin called the story the Captain's Daughter

The author also emphasizes in this story, the image of a real Russian woman. Masha Mironova, who from a shy woman turns into a brave defender of her love. It was this image that inspired the author to give the name to his work - "The Captain's Daughter"

What is the theme and idea of ​​the novel. A. From Pushkin "Captain's daughter" and got the best answer

Answer from CHRISTIN. [Guru]
The theme of the story: to show the historical events of the Pugachev riot in an artistic depiction and the life in these events of the main characters of the story by Peter GRINEV, Mironov's FAMILY, the traitor Shvabrin and the extraordinary image of a Russian girl who at the beginning of the story is a timid, shy creature, but in a time of mortal danger to her future happiness turns into a fearless woman who is no longer afraid of anything, saving her love. It was in honor of Masha Mironova that Pushkin called his story not Pyotr Grinev or Emelyan Pugachea, namely "The Captain's Daughter." --in the moral formation of a former barchuk, a spoiled child, whom his father chose the worthy path of a real man, a defender of his Fatherland, who never shamed his father’s parting words, never humiliated himself in everything, did not humiliate himself in front of the danger of the gallows, did not the camp of the enemy, did not betray the oath to the Empress and the FATHERLAND. The honor and dignity of the younger generation - this is the idea that moved the hand of the author, who decided to write this story.

Answer from Eternal student[guru]
Starting work on "The Captain's Daughter", the writer focuses on "popular opinion" as an active and even decisive factor in history. According to Pushkin, a change in the political structure of society is impossible without bringing the nobility and the peasant masses closer together. It was probably over this idea that Pushkin pondered in his story "The Captain's Daughter", which not only reflects the uprising of 1773-1775, but also touches upon such important topics as the problems of duty, honor and human dignity. an eyewitness who directly observed the events of those times. But Petrusha Grinev is not a faceless means of conveying facts and events, he is a person who has his own assessment, his own personal perception and understanding of what is happening. Therefore, observing the events through the perception of Grinev, a rather typical hero, we have the opportunity not only to imagine the historical position of Russia in the 70s of the 18th century, but also learn about the life of the nobility of that time, about their ideas, views and ideals. Showing images of the main characters, not very voluminous, but meaningful and vivid, Pushkin sufficiently reflects the mores of Russian society in the era of Catherine II. For example, drawing Grinev's parents, he tells us about the life of the middle stratum of the nobility, who read the "Court Calendar" received annually, respect service and value loyalty to the fatherland. The good Savelich, who endures the master's injustices, but still loves the “master's child” with all his heart, is also a typical image. Many peasants went over to the side of Pugachev and began to fight against serfdom and their masters. But there were also many like Savelich, who, having got used to it, could no longer imagine themselves independent of their masters. The images of Shvabrin, an ordinary Russian officer leading a dissolute life and having no serious thoughts in his head, Mironov and his wife, peacefully and simply, their godfather Ivan Ignatievich, a good-natured old man who loves his service, finally, Pugachev himself, with his "gentlemen generals" - all these images give us an almost complete picture of the life of the provincial nobility of that time, of his conflicts with the peasants, tired endure oppression and injustice. Belinsky called these images “a miracle of perfection in fidelity, the truth of the content to the skill of presentation.” This story can be called a historical work not only because it well reflects the life of the peasants and nobility of Catherine's era. Concrete historical facts are conveyed quite clearly in it, in particular - the uprising of Pugachev. Pushkin forces his narrator to mention even those events that were not witnessed either by himself or by those around him (for example, the news of the capture of other fortresses by Pugachev. From the messenger's story and from the general's letter). From the above, we can conclude that the main theme in the story for the author it was precisely the peasant uprising, and not the love story of the captain's daughter with the district officer of the Belgorod fortress. Trying to find ways of rapprochement between the nobility and the peasants and showing how Grinev perceives everything around him, Pushkin explains that the nobles are not yet able to understand the lower class. In some parts of the story, Grinev does not even understand the conversations of his companions; he cannot explain his strange, incomprehensible attraction to Pugachev. A noble officer only blindly obeys duty and oath, for the sake of this going against his heart. Pushkin, of course, does not agree with such an understanding of duty and honor, but he does not undertake to argue with his main character, giving us the opportunity to see what ideals the society of that time. This once again shows that the story is of a historical nature. They emphasize the historicity of the work and the exact dates indicated by the author in the text, and the correct sequence of events, and specific facts about the capture of fortresses, about the siege of Orenburg.

Answer from Arseny Rodin[active]
The story not only describes the events of 1773-1774. , but also touched upon the eternal problems of honor, duty, human dignity, the role of the individual in history, these problems were of interest and will always be of interest to mankind. The example of Alexander Pushkin's story "The Captain's Daughter" clearly shows how this happens in life and what results it leads to. The protagonist of the story, Pyotr Andreevich Grinev, was brought up from childhood in an atmosphere of high morality. On the first pages of the story, Pushkin, through the lips of Savelich, acquaints readers with the moral principles of the Grinev family: “It seems that neither father nor grandfather were drunkards; there is nothing to say about my mother ... ”These are the words that the old servant of his ward, Pyotr Grinev, brings up, who for the first time got drunk and behaved unattractively. And before leaving for the service, Grinev receives a covenant from his father: "Take care of your dress again, and honor from a young age." This popular proverb is also an epigraph to the work. All further history of Grinev represents the fulfillment, despite all the difficulties and mistakes, of this paternal covenant. But honor is a broad term. If for Grinev the father honor is primarily the honor of a nobleman and an officer, then Grinev the son, without abandoning such an understanding, was able to expand the concept of honor to its human and civic significance. officer, then Grinev the son, without abandoning such an understanding, was able to expand the concept of honor to its human and civic value. Grinev did his honor by returning the card debt, although in that situation Savelich tried to persuade him to evade the calculation. But nobility prevailed. A man of honor, in my opinion, is always kind and disinterested in dealing with others. These qualities were manifested in a generous gift to an unknown "peasant" who showed the way during a storm and which then played a decisive role in his entire future destiny. And in how, risking everything, he rushed to the rescue of the captured Savelich. Trials awaited Grinev in the fortress where he served. By his behavior here, Pyotr Andreevich proved loyalty to the behests of his father, did not betray what he considered his duty and his honor. Shvabrin interferes with Grinev's love for Masha Mironova, weaves intrigues. In the end, it comes down to a duel. The complete opposite of honest and direct Grinev is his rival Aleksey Ivanovich Shvabrin. He is a selfish and ungrateful person. For the sake of his personal goals, Shvabrin is ready to commit any dishonorable act. He slanders Masha Mironova, casts a shadow on her mother. He inflicts a treacherous blow on Grinev in a duel and, in addition, writes a false denunciation of him to Grinev the father. Shvabrin does not go to the side of Pugachev out of ideological convictions: he expects to save his life, hopes, if Pugachev succeeds, to make a career with him, and most importantly, wants, having dealt with his rival, forcibly marry a girl who does not love him. a special place in the characteristics of the heroes. It's amazing how honest Masha and Grinev are with each other. Between them, it is natural to understand, save, pity each other. Mutual loyalty helps them overcome life's difficulties and find happiness. During the rebellion, the moral qualities of some heroes and the baseness of others were especially clearly manifested. For example, Captain Mironov and his wife chose to die rather than surrender at the mercy of the rebels. Grinev did the same, not wanting to swear allegiance to Pugachev, but was pardoned.

Answer from Yodnom Balbarov[newbie]

Answer from Ўra Petrash[active]
"Take care of honor from a young age" - this testament is the main one in the novel by Alexander Pushkin "The Captain's Daughter". It is he who follows Pyotr Grinev. The hero's parents were poor noblemen, who doted on Petrusha, because he was their only child. Even before birth, the hero was enrolled in the Semyonovsky regiment as an officer. Petrusha received an unimportant education - under the guidance of Savelich's uncle "in the twelfth year I learned to read and write and could very sensibly judge the properties of a greyhound dog." The hero considered the most interesting activity to be "chasing pigeons and playing leapfrog with the courtyard boys." But at the age of sixteen, Grinev's fate changed abruptly. He enters military service - in the Belogorsk fortress. Here the hero falls in love with the daughter of the commandant of the fortress - Masha Mironova. Here Grinev becomes a participant in the peasant uprising led by Yemelyan Pugachev. From the very beginning, the hero of the novel is distinguished by kindness, good breeding, and respectful attitude towards people: "The husband and wife were the most respectable people." Peter most of all values ​​his good name and the honor of other people. That is why he does not swear allegiance to Pugachev: “I am a natural nobleman; I swore allegiance to the Empress Empress: I cannot serve you. " While communicating with him, the hero treats Pugachev as a criminal who wants to seize the holy thing - state power. Grinev behaves very decently, even when he is under investigation. He keeps calm, thinks not only about himself, but also about Masha's honest name: "I calmly looked at Shvabrin, but did not say a word to him." Pushkin shows that only by taking care of one's honor can one emerge victorious from all trials: as a result, Grinev is completely acquitted, and Shvabrin is justly sentenced to imprisonment. Thus, in Pushkin's novel "The Captain's Daughter" Grinev is a positive hero. He is a "living person", with his own merits and demerits (remember how he lost at cards or offended Savelich). But according to his "views", this hero always remains on the side of good. That is why the author and we, the readers, sympathize with him.