The denouement in the comedy auditor. The plot and compositional features of the comedy by N.V.

1. What is the theme of the comedy "The Inspector General"?
The comedy "The Inspector General" is a comedy of morals. Its theme is bribery and corruption of officials; the author satirically depicts various abuses in the bureaucratic environment, as well as Khlestakov's frivolity and dishonesty.

2. Who first reported the auditor? Why did everyone believe this message? Who is Khlestakov: a petty official and an insignificant person or a significant person? How does he appear in conversations with officials, merchants, the governor's wife and daughter?
For the first time they learned about the inspector from a letter received by the Gorodnichy and, since the inspector could already come and live in the city incognito, the eccentric and stupid gossips Dobchinsky and Bobchinsky took a strange visitor for the inspector, who turned out to be Khlestakov. Everyone believed their guess because they were very scared. In reality, Khlestakov is an insignificant and empty person, a chatterbox and a braggart, who does not know how to do anything, but knows how to profit from the mistakes of officials. He quite deftly adjusts to the interlocutors and makes an impression on everyone. With officials he behaves freely, brags in front of the ladies, with merchants he portrays the boss.

3. Where is the beginning and ending of the comedy? Did Khlestakov want to deceive the officials and inhabitants of the city?
The outset of a comedy is an episode in which the prerequisites for the development of the plot are laid. In this case, it seems to me, this is the moment when Bobchinsky and Dobchinsky report that they saw the auditor.
The denouement is the moment when the plot comes to an end. This is an episode of reading Khlestakov's letter, from which it is clear to everyone that he is not an auditor.

4. Why are the landowners Dobchinsky, Bobchinsky and the mayor deceived? Read and comment on the scene in the restaurant. Why do officials believe Khlestakov in the "scene of lies"? Remember and tell or read this scene aloud. What is the role of stage directions in comedy?
The landlords are deceived because they are stupid, they are captured by a sensation and want to be involved in it, and Khlestakov is behaving atypically. The governor believes them out of fear. All Khlestakov's words about prison, for example, he takes at his own expense: Khlestakov is afraid that he will be sent to prison for not paying the innkeeper, and the Gorodnichy himself is afraid of prison for bribery. Wanting to avoid arrest, Khlestakov lies that he is a respected official, and the Governor takes this as a hint that he is the auditor.
In the "lie scene" all the officials are very scared because they think that the drunk will tell the truth. They have not yet met such selfless liars as Khlestakov. He seems to believe in himself. In addition, everyone is very afraid of him, because they all broke the law. The remarks show how at first they did not dare to sit down, and then jumped up and were shaking with horror.

5. What did the news of the arrival of a new auditor mean and who is this new auditor - an official or the conscience of each character? Read this scene and prepare a detailed answer to this question.
The news of the arrival of a new auditor - the real one - meant for each of the officials the end of a career, and perhaps a prison. Everyone was already dumbfounded by their revealed mistake, and then there was a real auditor. The mayor says: "Killed, completely killed!" This was probably the feeling of everyone.
I think that this is a real auditor: hardly such people as, for example, Strawberry, can have a conscience. It seems to me that then this is not conscience, but fear of punishment, because if officials had a conscience, they would not behave like that. The same Strawberry robbed sick people, hired a doctor who does not understand a word in Russian: it is not surprising that all patients "recover like flies." Something like human feelings peeps through the Gorodnich, he even says the words that Gogol himself would like to say: “Why are you laughing? You are laughing at yourself! " He says these words not so much to officials as to all of us. Because the auditor is not the conscience of officials, but ours.

6. Read the definitions of the plot milestones. What do you think comedy scenes correspond to these stages? (exposition, outset, climax, denouement)
The exposition is the reading and discussion of the letter received by the Governor.
The plot was a message from the landowners that they had found the inspector and a conversation with the Governor.
The climax is scenes where the Gorodnichy boasts that he is leaving for St. Petersburg.
The denouement is the reading of Khlestakov's letter.

7. It is known that after the first presentation of the play, Nicholas I said: “What a play! Everyone got it, but I got it more than anyone else! " And Gogol exclaimed: "Everyone is against me!" How to explain the indignation of the play of all classes?
Everyone was offended by the comedy, because people of all classes are shown satirically. All of Russia is depicted under the guise of a district town.

1. What is the theme of the comedy "The Inspector General"?
The comedy "The Inspector General" is a comedy of morals. Its theme is bribery and corruption of officials; the author satirically depicts various abuses in the bureaucratic environment, as well as Khlestakov's frivolity and dishonesty.

2. Who first reported the auditor? Why did everyone believe this message? Who is Khlestakov: a petty official and an insignificant person or a significant person? How does he appear in conversations with officials, merchants, the governor's wife and daughter?
For the first time they learned about the inspector from a letter received by the Gorodnichy and, since the inspector could already come and live in the city incognito, the eccentric and stupid gossips Dobchinsky and Bobchinsky took a strange visitor for the inspector, who turned out to be Khlestakov. Everyone believed their guess because they were very scared. In reality, Khlestakov is an insignificant and empty person, a chatterbox and a braggart, who does not know how to do anything, but knows how to profit from the mistakes of officials. He quite deftly adjusts to the interlocutors and makes an impression on everyone. With officials he behaves freely, brags in front of the ladies, with merchants he portrays the boss.

3. Where is the beginning and ending of the comedy? Did Khlestakov want to deceive the officials and inhabitants of the city?
The outset of a comedy is an episode in which the prerequisites for the development of the plot are laid. In this case, it seems to me, this is the moment when Bobchinsky and Dobchinsky report that they saw the auditor.
The denouement is the moment when the plot comes to an end. This is an episode of reading Khlestakov's letter, from which it is clear to everyone that he is not an auditor.

4. Why are the landowners Dobchinsky, Bobchinsky and the mayor deceived? Read and comment on the scene in the restaurant. Why do officials believe Khlestakov in the "scene of lies"? Remember and tell or read this scene aloud. What is the role of stage directions in comedy?
The landlords are deceived because they are stupid, they are captured by a sensation and want to be involved in it, and Khlestakov is behaving atypically. The governor believes them out of fear. All Khlestakov's words about prison, for example, he takes at his own expense: Khlestakov is afraid that he will be sent to prison for not paying the innkeeper, and the Gorodnichy himself is afraid of prison for bribery. Wanting to avoid arrest, Khlestakov lies that he is a respected official, and the Governor takes this as a hint that he is the auditor.
In the "lie scene" all the officials are very scared because they think that the drunk will tell the truth. They have not yet met such selfless liars as Khlestakov. He seems to believe in himself. In addition, everyone is very afraid of him, because they all broke the law. The remarks show how at first they did not dare to sit down, and then jumped up and were shaking with horror.

5. What did the news of the arrival of a new auditor mean and who is this new auditor - an official or the conscience of each character? Read this scene and prepare a detailed answer to this question.
The news of the arrival of a new auditor - the real one - meant for each of the officials the end of a career, and perhaps a prison. Everyone was already dumbfounded by their revealed mistake, and then there was a real auditor. The mayor says: "Killed, completely killed!" This was probably the feeling of everyone.
I think that this is a real auditor: hardly such people as, for example, Strawberry, can have a conscience. It seems to me that then this is not conscience, but fear of punishment, because if officials had a conscience, they would not behave like that. The same Strawberry robbed sick people, hired a doctor who does not understand a word in Russian: it is not surprising that all patients "recover like flies." Something like human feelings is visible in the Governor, he even says the words that Gogol himself would like to say: “Why are you laughing? You are laughing at yourself! " He says these words not so much to officials as to all of us. Because the auditor is not the conscience of officials, but ours.

6. Read the definitions of the plot milestones. What do you think comedy scenes correspond to these stages? (exposition, outset, climax, denouement)
The exposition is the reading and discussion of the letter received by the Governor.
The plot was a message from the landowners that they had found the inspector and a conversation with the Governor.
The climax is scenes where the Gorodnichy boasts that he is leaving for St. Petersburg.
The denouement is the reading of Khlestakov's letter.

7. It is known that after the first presentation of the play, Nicholas I said: “What a play! Everyone got it, but I got it more than anyone else! " And Gogol exclaimed: "Everyone is against me!" How to explain the indignation of the play of all classes?
Everyone was offended by the comedy, because people of all classes are shown satirically. All of Russia is depicted under the guise of a district town.

The immoral and ignorant district governors mistake a St. Petersburg official who happened to be passing through their city for a real auditor, whose appointment they already knew.

The whole goal, all the aspirations of the mayor, whose frightened imagination made Khlestakov the personification of the punishing force of the law, are aimed at tilting this force in his favor and thus avoiding punishment for criminal acts.

There is a struggle that reveals different points state of mind hero. But this struggle is comic: it is waged against an imaginary force, depicts negative sides reality, that is, the world of vulgar, petty passions, vulgar egoism.

It is known from the theory of dramatic poetry that in order to express the idea of ​​struggle and represent characters in their mutual relation, the playwright must choose such a moment from the life of his heroes in which all its essence and meaning could be expressed. Such a moment in Gogol's comedy is the arrival of the auditor.

The entire movement of the play is based on this moment, all the details of the action are timed to it, none of which seems superfluous, for it has this or that relation to the main event, that is, to the appearance of the auditor.

Most characters actors are found out at the same moment: the visit of the auditor highlighted the entire past life district leaders, full of lies and arbitrariness, and fully revealed their real feelings and passions. Hence the remarkable unity of action, according to which Gogol's comedy should be attributed to exemplary dramatic works.

There are no leaps in it, everything consistently develops from one general idea, and each separate moment of the action is imbued with remarkable naturalness, complete agreement with the truth of life.

The Inspector's plot has its own characteristics... Usually the tie is taken in the sense of a love affair. But Gogol departed from the usual reception of playwrights, guided by the considerations expressed by him in the words of one of the characters in Theatrical Passage.

“It's time to stop relying so far on this eternal tie. It is worth looking around closely. Everything has changed long ago in the world. Now the striving to get a profitable place, to shine and overshadow, at all costs, another, to avenge for neglect, for ridicule, is more intensely tying up the drama. Do not now have electricity more rank, money capital, a profitable marriage, than love. "

In addition, according to Gogol, the outset of the comedy should embrace all faces, and not one or two, touch on what worries, more or less, all the characters.

This is the character of the Inspector's plot, where each individual takes an active part in the common endeavor. To some, the comedy's denouement seemed artificial.

But, according to Belinsky's just remark, the end of the comedy should take place where the mayor learns that he was punished by a ghost, and that he will be punished by reality, and therefore the arrival of the gendarme with the news of the arrival of the true auditor excellently ends the play and informs it in full and all the independence of a special, self-contained world.

Some scenes fourth act the author did not include in prints. Among them is Phenomenon VIII, in which the doctor charitable institutions Gibner manages not to bribe Khlestakov. Why was such a plot excluded by the author?
As you know, Dr. Gibner did not participate in the phenomenon of the fourth act, the judge, Strawberry, the postmaster, Luka Lukich, Dobchinsky and Bobchinsky stood in a "semicircle" and agreed how to behave with Khlestakov, how to "slip" money into him.

If you read in the faces of all Khlestakov's meetings with officials who came to him one by one, you can see how Khlestakov becomes impudent from stage to stage. To Dobchinsky and Bobchinsky, he directly without preamble about a "strange incident" that happened on the road, asks the question: "You have no money? .. Borrow a thousand rubles," but agrees to 65 rubles and sends them out.

Then there was supposed to be a scene with Dr. Gibner, but Gogol removed it from printed edition... Why? Dr. Gibner, who does not understand Russian, was not prepared for this meeting by the frightened officials, and was not present at the mayor's house. All his phrases are given in German, they feel respect for the visiting inspector, but not fear, he does not "shake his body", does not feel "on hot coals" like a judge and postmaster, does not hold the prepared money in his fist. Dr. Gibner behaves calmly with a person who is “empowered by power,” and Khlestakov cannot shout to him, like Strawberry, “Hey you! As you?" Khlestakov is forced to politely thank the doctor for the cigar (Gibner had no money: "No money ... no money. Sehen Sie!")

Gogol removes this scene not only because Dr. Gibner's words require translation on stage, but most importantly because in this scene, compared to the previous ones, Khlestakov behaves quite differently. This violates Khlestakov's line of conduct and the content of the subsequent monologue: “There are many officials here. It seems to me, however, that they take me for a statesman. That's right, I let them dust in yesterday. What a fool! I'll write about everything to St. Petersburg to Tryapichkin ... "

Where is the comedy denouement?

Although the third act of the comedy "The Inspector General" is the culmination, the tension in the development of the action does not subside, as mentioned above, only slightly slows down in the first events (Khlestakov's meetings with officials and merchants).

In subsequent appearances, Khlestakov appears in new role- passionately in love with both Anna Andreevna and her daughter Marya Antonovna, to whom he offers his hand and heart. The emptiness and frivolity of the hero is especially evident in these scenes. The news that the horses are ready makes the groom say goodbye to his new relatives: "for one day to his uncle, and tomorrow and back."

The last fifth act finds the mayor in a state of complacency and, most importantly, a celebration. In Phenomenon I, his secret dreams, his views on life and his position as mayor are especially vividly revealed. Now he will live in St. Petersburg and thanks to his son-in-law, who “goes to the palace every day,” he will become a general. He invites officials with their wives and other guests to his house to tell them that he is not marrying his daughter common man, "But for something that has never happened in the world, that can do everything, everything, everything, everything!"

And the governor, like Khlestakov, seeks to play a role higher than the one in reality - he already feels like a general and does not doubt that his dream will come true. The governor "indulges in violent joy," Gogol writes in the already named article "A warning for those who would like to play the" Inspector "properly, - at the mere thought of how his life will rush now, how he will distribute seats, demand at the stations horses and make them wait in the front mayors, to flaunt themselves, to set the tone. " And at this moment of the triumph of the mayor and his wife comes the denouement of the comedy (phenomenon VIII) - the postmaster in a hurry rushes in with a printed letter and announces to all those gathered that the official, whom everyone took for an auditor, was not an auditor. The governor and all the officials present cannot recover from surprise. The officials, headed by the mayor, were not deceived, but deceived themselves, mistaking an "icicle, a rag" with a Petersburg physiognomy and in a particular dress for an auditor. It turned out that each of the officials "screwed" him three or four hundred rubles. "How did we really go wrong?" the judge asks. “Killed, killed, completely killed,” the mayor says in despair.

How much anger and what fury is felt in the words addressed by the mayor to himself (this is also emphasized by the author's remarks): he hits himself on the forehead, in his hearts, in a frenzy, shakes his fist at himself, knocks his feet on the floor with anger. He blames himself for the fact that he mistook the "helpless", the "icicle" for an inspector: "... he cheated swindlers on swindlers, scoundrels and rogues such that they are ready to steal from the whole world. He deceived three governors! .. "" What are you laughing at? - You are laughing at yourself! .. ”- this famous remark of the mayor is addressed to the audience, to the sitting audience.

He does not blame Khlestakov, he blames himself and also those who were the first to spread the rumor about the inspector who had already arrived in the city. The culprits were found - these are Bobchinsky and Dobchinsky, "city gossips, damned liars." All surround them, scolding and reproaching. At this moment, the gendarme appears (he does not even appear on the billboard among the characters) and informs the bewildered present about the arrival of the inspector by personal order from St. Petersburg. This sudden announcement becomes for everyone, especially for the mayor, akin to a thunderous blow, and his position becomes "truly tragic." The words of the gendarme complete the action of the comedy, and “the whole group, having suddenly changed their position, remains petrified” (the author's remark). This is followed by the "silent scene".

The writer himself believed that the only honest person in the play is laughter. “It’s strange: I’m sorry,” Gogol wrote in the Theatrical Passage, “that no one noticed the honest person who was in my play. Yes, there was one honest noble face, acting in her throughout her entire continuation. This honest, noble face was - laughter. " Remember his words from the “Author's Confession”: “If you laugh, then it’s better to laugh hard and at what is really worthy of universal ridicule. In The Inspector General, I decided to collect in one heap all the bad things in Russia that I knew then, all the injustices that are done in those places and in those cases where justice is most required of a person, and at one time to laugh at everything. "

Perfectly understanding the power of satire and laughter, Gogol tried to improve the life of society with their help. It draws special attention to the artistic skill, which manifested itself in the composition of the play, modeling the characters of the characters and in the very problematics of the work. Gogol's comedy is notable for its unusual construction. From the first words of the mayor, the action begins, but the events that usually precede the setting and are associated with the exposition become known to the viewer much later - they are scattered throughout the play.

The denouement of the comedy is also unusual - at first it is difficult to define it. At first glance, it is planned by the departure of Khlestakov: an offer has been made for the wedding of the mayor's daughter, the officials are glad that they managed to conduct an auditor. But the audience knows that Khlestakov is a dummy, that the action cannot end there. Shpekin appears and tells who Khlestakov is. Everyone understands that they are fooled. The culprits were also found - Bobchinsky and Dobchinsky. All are darkened, most of all the governors. The action is declining. And suddenly - a message from the gendarme about the arrival of a real auditor. This is new in the drama of that time. As the researchers of Gogol's work note, “it is even difficult to decide what is in front of us - the denouement, or the culmination, or the beginning of a new, completely different from the previous one, action. Most likely, both that, and another, and the third "

The famous director V. I. Nemirovich-Danchenko said: “This finale represents one of the most remarkable phenomena of stage literature ... As with one phrase of the governor he tied the play, so with one phrase of the gendarme he unleashes it, - a phrase that makes a stunning impression, again with its unexpectedness and at the same time a perfect necessity ”. Gogol gave the finale great importance... It is no coincidence that he in detail described this scene. There is even a drawing of her, which is attributed to the author of the comedy; Having learned from the postmaster who Khlestakov is, everyone is amazed and upset, they feel uneasy. They, such rogues, mistook the "trick" for an inspector, rewarded, warmed him up, and even equipped him for the journey as a great nobleman. But the worst thing was the new news, from which one could really be dumbfounded: a real auditor had arrived. What new does this meeting prepare for the officials, will they be able to keep their posts?

* "In The Inspector General," wrote Belinsky, "there are no better scenes, because there are no worse ones, but all are excellent, as necessary parts, artistically forming a single whole, rounded by their inner content."

There are two main conflicts in the play:

* internal - a clash between the mayor and the townspeople: "The merchants and citizenship confuses me ..."
* external - between city officials and the auditor. "With this second conflict, the author raises the question of ways and means of resolving the main, main conflict of the play between the existing police-bureaucratic government and the population, although this conflict has almost never been embodied on the stage."

However, one should talk about him, for the writer, as noted above, did not limit his task only to laughing at county officials... Gogol creates typical characters which reflected specific traits people of the autocratic-serf era. The role of each, the most insignificant person in the play is noticeable, for she carries a great semantic load... An example is the dumb character Dr. Gibner. His name Christian means "merciful, compassionate", but Gogol gives him a surname that removes everything connected with mercy: the doctor Gibner is far from the masses, does not spend medicines on their treatment, and therefore in the hospital people "get well like flies." , that is, they perish. It is no coincidence that the surname Gibner and the word "perish" are of the same root. Or another example: a non-commissioned officer's widow, who appears for a moment and utters only a few remarks, but from them you can compose a biography of a person, imagine an entire era.

In The Inspector General, - Gogol later recalled, I decided to put together everything bad in Russia that I knew then, all the injustices that are done in those places and in those cases where justice is most required of a person, and for one ...

In the comedy "The Inspector General" N. V. Gogol, with great accusatory force, exposes the vices of society of the times tsarist Russia... In the center of his attention are representatives of the bureaucracy, and the author embodies their images in the characteristic characters of a small county ...

There is no reason to blame the mirror if the face is crooked. Folk proverb Nikolai Vasilievich Gogol is a wonderful Russian writer who was able to notice and ridicule the negative aspects of Russian reality. Along with Fonvizin and Griboyedov ...

The play "The Inspector General" by N. V. Gogol laid the foundation for the comedy of public mores and characters. Provincial provincial town- the scene of the play. The time of action is 1831, which is revealed by the statements of the judge. Strengthening political reaction in ...