The meaning of minor characters in the Ostrovsky drama "thunderstorm". The role and meaning of minor characters in the drama "Thunderstorm
Meaning minor characters in A. Ostrovsky's drama "The Thunderstorm"
A. N. Ostrovsky is rightfully considered the singer of the merchant environment, the father of Russian everyday drama, Russian theater. He penned about sixty plays, of which the most famous are "Dowry", " Late love"," Forest "," For every wise man, enough simplicity "," Our people - numbered "," Thunderstorm "and many others.
A. N. Dobrolyubov called Ostrovsky's play “The Thunderstorm” the most decisive work, since “the mutual relations of tyranny and speechlessness are brought to tragic consequences... There is something refreshing and encouraging about The Thunderstorm. This something is, in our opinion, the background of the play ”. Who is this background? Minor characters.
So, the constant companion of Katerina - the main character of the play - is Varvara, the sister of Katerina's husband Tikhon Kabanov. She is Katherine's opponent. Its main rule is: "Do what you want, if only everything is sewn and covered." Barbara cannot be denied intelligence, cunning and lightness; before marriage, she wants to be in time everywhere, to try everything, because she knows that “girls walk for themselves as they want, father and mother do not care. Only women are locked up ”. Lying is the norm for her. In a conversation with Katerina, she directly says about this:
“Katerina. I don’t know how to deceive, I can’t hide anything.
Barbara. Well, without this it is impossible ... Our whole house is based on that. And I was not a deceiver, but I learned when I needed to. "
Barbara adapted to the "dark kingdom", learned its laws and rules. In her, one feels authority, strength, a desire to deceive. She is, in fact, the future Kabanikha, because the apple falls not far from the apple tree.
Barbara's friend, Ivan Kudryash, is a match for her. He is the only one in the city of Kalinov who can answer Dikiy. “I am considered rude; what is he holding me for? Therefore, he needs me. Well, that means I'm not afraid of him, but let him be afraid of me ... ”, - says Kudryash. In conversation, he behaves cheekily, boldly, boldly, bragging about his prowess, red tape, knowledge of the "merchant institution". Curly is the second Wild, only he is still young.
In the end, Barbara and Kudryash leave the "dark kingdom", but does this escape mean that they have completely freed themselves from old traditions and laws and will become a source of new laws of life and fair rules? Unlikely. Once free, they will most likely try to become the masters of life themselves.
Let's now turn to the true victims of the “dark kingdom”. So, the husband of Katerina Kabanova Tikhon is a weak-willed, spineless creature. He obeys his mother in everything and obeys her. It does not have a clear life position, courage, courage. His image fully corresponds to the name given to him - Tikhon (quiet). Young Kabanov not only does not respect himself, but also allows his mother to treat his wife roughly. This is especially evident in the farewell scene before leaving for the fair. Tikhon repeats word for word all the instructions and teachings of his mother. Kabanov could not resist his mother in anything, slowly drank himself intoxicated and thereby became even more weak-willed and quiet.
Of course, Katerina cannot love and respect such a husband, and her soul longs for love. She falls in love with Dikiy's nephew, Boris. But Katerina fell in love with him, according to Dobrolyubov's apt expression, “out of people,” because, in essence, Boris is not much different from Tikhon, except perhaps a little more educated than him. Boris's lack of will, his desire to receive his part of his grandmother's inheritance (and he will receive it only if he is respectful to his uncle) turned out to be stronger than love.
In the "dark kingdom" the wanderer Feklusha enjoys great reverence and respect. Feklushi's stories about the lands where people with dog heads live are perceived as irrefutable information about the world.
But not everything is so gloomy, living, sensitive souls are also found in the “dark kingdom”. This is a self-taught mechanic Kuligin looking for a perpetual motion machine. He is kind and active, obsessed with a constant desire to do something useful for people. However, all his good intentions run up against a thick wall of misunderstanding, indifference, ignorance. So, on an attempt to put steel lightning rods on houses, he receives a fierce rebuff from the Wild: “A thunderstorm is sent to us as punishment, so that we feel, and you want to defend yourself with poles and rods of some sort, God forgive me”.
Kuligin is a reasoner in the play, the condemnation of the “dark kingdom” is put into his mouth: “Cruel, sir, manners in our city, cruel ... more money make ... "
But Kuligin, like Tikhon, Boris, Varvara, Kudryash, adapted to the “dark kingdom”, resigned himself to such a life, he is just one of the inhabitants of the “dark kingdom”.
The secondary characters, as already mentioned, are the background against which the tragedy of a desperate woman unfolds. Each person in the play, each image was a rung of the staircase that led Katerina to the bank of the Volga, to a tragic death.
A.N. Ostrovsky is rightfully considered a singer of the merchant environment, the father of Russian everyday drama, Russian national theater... He wrote about 60 plays, and one of the most famous is "The Thunderstorm". A. N. Dobrolyubov called Ostrovsky's play "The Thunderstorm" the most decisive work, since "the mutual relations of tyranny and speechlessness are brought in it to tragic consequences ... There is something refreshing and encouraging in" The Thunderstorm ". This something is, in our opinion, the background of the play. "
The background of the play is made up of minor characters. This is a constant companion of Katerina, the main character of the play, Varvara, sister of Katerina's husband, Tikhon Kabanov ^ She is the opposite of Katerina. Its main rule is: "Do what you want, if only everything is sewn and covered." Varvara cannot be denied her intellect, her cunning, before marriage she wants to be in time everywhere, to try everything, because she knows that “girls walk for themselves as they want, father and mother do not care. Only women are locked up. " Lying is the norm for her. She directly tells Katerina that it is impossible without deception: “Our whole house rests on this. And I was not a deceiver, but I learned when I needed to. "
Barbara adapted to the "dark kingdom", studied its laws and rules. She has a sense of authority, strength, readiness and even the desire to deceive. She is, in fact, the future Kabanikha, because the apple falls not far from the apple tree. Barbara's friend, Curly, is a match for her. He is the only one in the city of Kalinov who can resist the Wild. “I am considered rude; what is he holding me for? Therefore, he needs me. Well, that means I’m not afraid of him, but let him be afraid of me ... ”, says Kudryash. He behaves cheekily, boldly, boldly, bragging about his prowess, knowledge of the "merchant institution". Curly is the second Wild, only still young.
In the end, Varvara and Kudryash leave the "dark kingdom", but their escape does not at all mean that they have completely freed themselves from old traditions and laws and will accept new laws of life and honest rules. Once free, they will most likely try to become the masters of life themselves.
There are also true victims of the "dark kingdom" in the play. This is the husband of Katerina Kabanova, Tikhon, - a weak-willed, spineless creature. He listens to his mother in everything and obeys her, does not have a clear position in life, courage, courage. His image is fully consistent with the name - Tikhon (quiet). Young Kabanov not only does not respect himself, but also allows his mother to treat his wife shamelessly. This is especially evident in the scene of farewell before leaving for the fair. Tikhon repeats word for word all the instructions and moral teachings of his mother. Kabanov could not resist his mother in anything, he slowly drank himself, becoming even more weak-willed and quiet. Of course, Katerina cannot love and respect such a husband, and her soul longs for love. She falls in love with Dikiy's nephew, Boris. But Katerina fell in love with him, according to Dobrolyubov's apt expression, “out of people,” because in fact Boris is not much different from Tikhon. Perhaps a little more educated. Boris's lack of will, his desire to receive his part of his grandmother's inheritance (and he will receive it only if he is respectful to his uncle) turned out to be stronger than love.
In the "dark kingdom" the wanderer Feklusha enjoys great reverence and respect. Feklushi's stories about the lands where people with dog heads live are perceived as irrefutable information about the world. But not everything in him is so gloomy: there are also living, sympathetic souls. This is a self-taught mechanic, Kuli-gin, who invents a perpetual motion machine. He is kind and active, literally obsessed with a constant desire to do something useful for people. But all his good intentions run up against a thick wall of misunderstanding, indifference, ignorance. So, in response to an attempt to put steel lightning rods on houses, he receives a fierce rebuff from the Wild: "A thunderstorm is sent to us as punishment, so that we feel, and you want to defend yourself with poles and rods."
Kuligin, in fact, is a reasoner in the play, in his mouth there is a condemnation of the “dark kingdom”: “Cruel, sir, manners in our city, cruel ... Whoever has money, sir, he tries to enslave the poor so that his labors will receive even more gratis to make money ... ".
But Kuligin, like Tikhon, Boris, Varvara, Kudryash, adapted to the "dark kingdom", resigned himself to such a life.
The secondary characters, as already mentioned, are the background against which the tragedy of a desperate woman unfolds. Each person in the play, each image was a rung of the ladder that led Katerina to the bank of the Volga, to death.
The meaning of minor characters in Ostrovsky's drama "The Thunderstorm"
A. N. Ostrovsky is rightfully considered a singer of the merchant environment, the father of Russian everyday drama, Russian theater. He penned about 60 plays, of which the most famous are such as "Dowry", "Late Love", "Forest", "Enough simplicity for every wise man", "Our people are numbered", "Thunderstorm" and many others.
A.N. Dobrolyubov called Ostrovsky's play "The Thunderstorm" the most decisive work, given that "the mutual relations of tyranny and speechlessness are brought in it to tragic consequences ..
There is something refreshing and reassuring about The Thunderstorm. This is something, in our opinion, the background of the play. "Who is the background? Secondary characters. So, the constant companion of Katerina, the main character of the play, Barbara, sister of Katerina's husband, Tikhon Kabanov. She is Katerina's opponent. rule: “do what you want, if only everything is sewn and covered.” Barbara cannot be denied intelligence, cunning and lightness; father and mother do not care. Only women are locked up. "Lying is the norm for her.
In a conversation with Katerina, she directly says about this: Katerina: - I don’t know how to deceive; I can’t hide anything.
Varvara: - Well, you can't do without it ... Our whole house rests on this. And I was not a liar, but I learned when it became necessary.
Barbara adapted to the dark kingdom, learned its laws and rules
In her, one can feel authority, strength, desire to deceive. She is, in fact, the future Kabanikha, because the apple falls not far from the apple tree.
Barbara's friend, Kudryash Ivan, is a match for her. He is the only one in the city of Kalinov who can answer Dikiy. "I am considered a rude man; why does he hold me? Therefore, he needs me. Well, it means that I am not afraid of him, but let him be afraid of me ...", - says Kudryash
In conversation, he behaves cheekily, boldly, boldly, bragging about his prowess, red tape, knowledge of the "merchant institution". Kudryash is the second Wild, only he is still young.
In the end, Barbara and Kudryash leave the "dark kingdom", but does the escape mean that they have completely freed themselves from old traditions and laws and will become a source of new laws of life and honest rules? Unlikely. Now, finding themselves free, they will most likely try to become the masters of life themselves.
Let's now turn to the true victims of the "dark kingdom". So, the husband of Katerina Kabanova Tikhon is a weak-willed, spineless creature. He obeys his mother in everything and obeys her. He does not have a clear position in life, courage, courage. His image fully corresponds to the name given to him - Tikhon (quiet). Young Kabanov not only does not respect himself, but also provides an opportunity for his mother to treat his wife shamelessly. This is especially evident in the scene of farewell before leaving for the fair. Tikhon repeats word for word all the instructions and teachings of his mother. Kabanov could not resist his mother in anything, he drank himself a little and thus became even more weak-willed and quiet. Of course, Katerina cannot love and respect such a husband, and her soul longs for love. She falls in love with Dikiy's nephew, Boris. But Katerina fell in love with him, as Dobrolyubova aptly put it, “out of people,” because in essence Boris is not much different from Tikhon. Perhaps a little more educated. Boris's lack of will, his desire to receive his part of his grandmother's inheritance (and he will receive it only if he is respectful to his uncle) turned out to be stronger than love.
In the dark kingdom, the wanderer Feklusha enjoys great reverence and respect. Feklushi's stories about the lands where people with dog heads live are perceived as irrefutable information about the world. Text from the site Big Abstract RU
But not everything is so gloomy, there are living, sympathetic souls in the "dark kingdom". This is a self-taught mechanic Kuligin looking for a perpetual motion machine. He is kind and active, obsessed with a constant desire to do something useful for people. But all his good intentions run up against a thick wall of misunderstanding, indifference, ignorance. So, on an attempt to put steel lightning rods on houses, he receives a fierce rebuff from the Wild: "A thunderstorm is sent to us as punishment so that we feel, and you want to defend yourself with poles and rods of some sort, God forgive me."
Kuligin is a reasoner in the play, the condemnation of the "dark kingdom" is put into his mouth: "Cruel, sir, manners in our city are cruel ... Whoever has money, sir, tries to enslave the poor man so that he can make even more money on his gratuitous labors. ... "But Kuligin, like Tikhon, Boris, Varvara, Kudryash, adapted to the" dark kingdom ", resigned himself to such a life, he is just a body that has taken root in the" dark kingdom. "
The secondary characters, as already mentioned, are the background against which the tragedy of a desperate woman unfolds. Each person in the play, each image was a step in the staircase that led Katerina to the bank of the Volga, to death.
List of used literature and sources
For the preparation of this work were used materials from the site sochinenia1.narod.ru/
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Character, conflict and features of stage action in the drama "The Thunderstorm"
The character, conflict and features of the stage action in the drama "The Thunderstorm" Ostrovsky in his work has repeatedly turned to the theme of patriarchal merchants. His most striking work on this topic is the drama "The Thunderstorm", written in 1859. “The Thunderstorm” is undoubtedly the most decisive work of Ostrovsky, the mutual relations of tyranny and speechlessness are brought in it to the most tragic consequences ... ”- wrote Dobrolyubov. Among the expanses of Russian nature, the city of Kalinov is spread out on the steep bank of the Volga. And beyond the Volga can be seen villages, fields, forests. “The view is extraordinary! The beauty! The soul rejoices! " - Kuligin admires. It would seem that the life of the people of this city should be happy. However, it is not. There is a fight new forces, the younger generation with obsolete social order and their defenders. The young generation in the play is represented by Katerina, Varvara, Kudryash, Tikhon. Each of them in its own way opposes the "dark kingdom", the main representatives of which are Kabanikha and Dikoy. The composition "Thunderstorms" is based on a love drama. The plot of the action begins with Katerina's confession that she does not love Tikhon, but loves Boris. Katerina's love is dramatic as she was raised in a religious family. Her feelings are in conflict with the views that she was instilled in her since childhood. Therefore, she considers her love for Boris a sin that she cannot overcome. Her suffering is aggravated by the fact that she is a truthful and sincere person: “I don’t know how to deceive, I can’t hide anything”. Katerina's feeling does not make anyone feel well, only Varvara takes pity on her and tries to help her. However, Varvara offers Katerina help, which is unnatural for Katerina and only aggravates her suffering. Varvara, brought up in the Kabanikha family, learned to lie and dodge, seeing in this an opportunity to resist the oppression of her mother. Varvara lives by the principle: “do what you want, if only it is sewn and covered”. Her beloved Curly, who works for the Wild, lives by the same principle. In the image of the Wild one, the brute force of tyranny is shown. The Wild's speech is ignorant. He doesn't want to know anything about science, culture, inventions that improve life. Dikoy constantly fights, but only with those who are afraid of him or depend on him financially. Households are hiding from him in attics and basements, Boris, his nephew, endures his abuse, as he depends on him. Wildly greedy. The meaning of his life is to acquire and increase his wealth. For this, he does not hesitate to use any means. With thousands, he feels his strength and brazenly demands universal respect and obedience. However, in the guise of the Wild, despite all his belligerence, there are features of the comic. The boar is the most sinister figure in the city. She observes in the house outdated orders and customs based on religious prejudices and Domostroy. She "eats her sacrifice", "sharpens iron like rust". The imperious Kabanikha's speech sounds like an order. Kabanikha is the spokesman for the ideas and principles of the “dark kingdom”. She understands that some money is not yet given to the authorities, another indispensable condition is the obedience of those who have no money. She wants to kill at home will, every ability to resist. Neither Tikhon nor Varvara dare to contradict her openly. However, they are not satisfied with the patriarchal order in the house. Varvara says: “And what a desire to dry up! At least die of melancholy ... ”She secretly meets with Curly and offers the same method to Katerina. It is difficult for Katerina to go for it, but she decides: "Whatever happens, and I will see Boris!" However, she cannot hide her love for a long time and decides to repent. Public repentance shows the depth of her suffering, moral greatness, determination and willpower. She says to Boris: "I was not afraid of sin for you, whether I am afraid of human judgment." But public repentance does not bring relief to her. Katerina remains completely alone, she has nowhere to wait for support. All future life it seems to her to be sheer torment for the sin she had committed. Her position in the family becomes unbearable. In this state, Katerina could only rely on a loved one. But Boris could not be such a support. Materially dependent on the Wild, he obeys his will and leaves for the trading settlement of Kyakhta. What is left for Katerina? “Where to now? Go home? .. To live again? she asks herself. - No, no, don't, it's not good! And people are disgusting to me, and the house is disgusting to me, and the walls are disgusting! Having experienced freedom and true happiness, she cannot come to terms with the oppression of the sinister Kabanikha. Her whole unbending nature rebelled against this, but she did not have the strength to resist this world in an unequal struggle ...
The tragedy of a suffering soul in the world of businessmen (based on the drama by A. Ostrovsky "Dowry")
The tragedy of a suffering soul in the world of businessmen (based on the drama of A. N. Ostrovsky "Dowry") Tragedy ... This word presupposes death. At the end of the play, a wonderful, gifted, fragile girl, Larisa Ogudalova, dies. Her death is not accidental. The playwright consistently leads his heroine through suffering and shock, forcing her to experience all the bitterness of deceived love, the collapse of hopes for happiness. ...
Dark kingdom in the drama Ostrovsky Thunderstorm (Wild and Boar)
One gets the impression that Kalinov is fenced off from the rest of the world by the highest fence and lives some kind of special, closed life. Ostrovsky focused on the most important, showing the wretchedness, savagery of the customs of the Russian patriarchal life - after all, this whole life only stands on the usual, outdated laws, which, obviously, are completely ridiculous. The "dark kingdom" clings tenaciously to everything that is old and established. This is standing in one place, stagnation. And stagnation is possible only when it is supported by people who have strength and power ...
Dark kingdom in the drama "The Thunderstorm"
The Dark Kingdom in the drama "The Thunderstorm" The drama "The Thunderstorm" was written by Alexander Nikolaevich Ostrovsky in 1859 after a trip along the Volga. It was believed that a certain Alexandra Klykova served as the prototype of Katerina. Her story is in many ways similar to the story of the heroine, but Ostrovsky finished work on the play a month before Klykova's suicide. However, the very fact of such a coincidence suggests that the author sagaciously caught and reliably described the growing conflict in merchant life between the older and younger generations. The appearance of "Groza" made it possible for Dobrolyubov to name the main character plays - Katerina - "a ray of light in the dark kingdom." Dobrolyubov calls the "Dark Kingdom" not only the merchant life, but also the entire Russian reality shown by Ostrovsky in his plays ...
The theme of moral obligations in the drama by F. Schiller "The Robbers"
Friedrich Schiller once said that he knew how to keep people from falling. To do this, you need to close your heart to weakness. The depth of this saying becomes more transparent if you look at the image of the German romantic poet Friedrich Schiller. He was a famous humanist, he thought a lot about the meaning of human life. Schiller's contemporaries completely lost sincerity and openness in relations with neighbors and no longer lived by faith, but by calculation, seeing in people not friends, but almost enemies. Schiller opposed the flourishing of such blatant individualism and disbelief. ...
"Thunderstorm" is the idyll of the "dark kingdom". The characters themselves in the drama have no idea of the meaning of their position. Persons who do not directly participate in intrigues seem unnecessary and unnecessary, but we, the readers, see completely different facts, and it is these persons who create the background for the work and the atmosphere of the life of the main characters.
The secondary characters show us the environment in which the action takes place, the life of the main characters must be considered not only in the direct relationship of several persons, but also their everyday environment.
Katerina is an integral, strong nature, she endures only for the time being. Katerina's speech, musical, melodious, reminds folk songs: repetitions, an abundance of petting and diminutive words, comparisons are characteristic.
Barbara is an intelligent, domineering, cunning girl. Before she gets married, she wants to try everything. Her motto: "Do what you want, if only it was sewn and covered." She looks like Kabanikha from the outside, only too young. To adapt to the "dark kingdom", she has to lie, and she herself does not hide it. It feels like she likes to lie and cheat.
Her friend Ivan Kudryash is a lively, brave, strong rude person. He realized that strength was valued in the city of Kalinin, even Dikoy was afraid of him. But if you look closely, then in the future Kudryash is Dikoy.
Barbara and Ivan defended their love, they fled from the "dark kingdom", probably in order to build their own, the same, somewhere else.
Katerina's husband, Tikhon, is one of the many miserable types who are called harmless, although in a general sense they are harmful because they serve as their faithful helpers. Tikhon loved his wife and was ready to do anything for her, but the oppression under which he grew up so disfigured him that in him there is no strong feeling, no decisive striving to develop. He has a conscience, there is a desire for good. He constantly acts against himself and serves as a submissive instrument of the mother, even in his relationship with his wife.
Katerina believes with deep sincerity in the precepts of popular morality, which are reflected in Christianity. She is pure in soul: lies and debauchery are alien and disgusting to her. The straightforwardness of Ostrovsky's heroine is one of the sources of her tragedy.
Katerina thought she loved this person, but over time she realized that she was not. That, in fact, she had never loved before, but her heart and soul want to experience this new, unknown feeling. She falls in love with Boris, the Dikiy's nephew. All the characters in this play are very similar to each other. So, Boris is very similar to Quiet. Boris is the same, in essence, only "educated". Education took away from him the strength to do dirty tricks, but it didn’t give him the strength to resist the dirty tricks that others do; it has not even developed in him the ability to behave in such a way as to remain alien to all the nasty things that swarm around him. He submits to other people's filth, he willy-nilly participates in them and must accept all their consequences. But he understands his position, talks about him and often even deceives for the first time truly living and strong natures who, judging by themselves, think that if a person thinks so, understands so, then he should do so.
The wanderer Feklusha is respected in the "dark kingdom". She is well among the naive Kalinovites, she is revered, treated and supplied with everything necessary. It is from her that the inhabitants learn what is happening in the world. But Feklusha is smart in her own way, she will never say that it is better on other lands than in Kalinin. It is easier for her to intimidate the people by talking about the wrong judges and people with dog heads.
Self-taught mechanic Kuligin - good person obsessed with the desire to do something useful for people. But they do not understand him, they treat him indifferently.
And what is left for such people to do? Only put up with the well-established traditions of the "dark kingdom".
The life of these people flows smoothly and peacefully, no interests of the world disturb them, because they do not reach them. And they themselves do not strive for anything.
"Thunderstorm" is the idyll of the "dark kingdom". The characters themselves in the drama have no idea of the meaning of their position. Persons who do not participate directly in intrigues seem unnecessary and unnecessary, but we, the readers, see completely different facts, and it is these persons who create the background for the work and the atmosphere of the life of the main characters.
The secondary characters show us the environment in which the action takes place; the life of the main characters must be considered not only in the direct relations of several persons, but also in their everyday environment.
Katerina is an integral, strong nature, she endures only for the time being. Katerina's speech, musical, melodious, resembles folk songs: repetitions, an abundance of petting and diminutive words, comparisons are characteristic.
Barbara is an intelligent, domineering, cunning girl. Before she gets married, she wants to try everything. Her motto: "Do what you want, if only it was sewn and covered." She looks like Kabanikha from the outside, only too young. To adapt to the "dark kingdom", she has to lie, and she herself does not hide it. It feels like she likes to lie and cheat.
Her friend Ivan Kudryash is a lively, brave, strong rude person. He realized that strength was valued in the city of Kalinin, even Dikoy was afraid of him. But if you look closely, then in the future Kudryash is Dikoy.
Barbara and Ivan defended their love, they fled from the "dark kingdom", probably in order to build their own, the same, somewhere else.
Katerina's husband, Tikhon, is one of the many miserable types who are called harmless, although in a general sense they are harmful because they serve as their faithful helpers. Tikhon loved his wife and was ready to do anything for her, but the oppression under which he grew up so disfigured him that in him there is no strong feeling, no decisive striving to develop. He has a conscience, there is a desire for good. He constantly acts against himself and serves as a submissive instrument of the mother, even in his relationship with his wife.
Katerina believes with deep sincerity in the precepts of popular morality, which are reflected in Christianity. She is pure in soul: lies and debauchery are alien and disgusting to her. The straightforwardness of Ostrovsky's heroine is one of the sources of her tragedy.
Katerina thought she loved this person, but over time she realized that she was not. That, in fact, she had never loved before, but her heart and soul want to experience this new, unknown feeling. She falls in love with Boris, the Dikiy's nephew. All the characters in this play are very similar to each other. So, Boris is very similar to Quiet. Boris is the same, in essence, only "educated". Education took away from him the strength to do dirty tricks, but it didn’t give him the strength to resist the dirty tricks that others do; it has not even developed in him the ability to behave in such a way as to remain alien to all the nasty things that swarm around him. He submits to other people's filth, he willy-nilly participates in them and must accept all their consequences. But he understands his position, talks about him and often even deceives for the first time truly living and strong natures who, judging by themselves, think that if a person thinks so, understands so, then he should do so.
The wanderer Feklusha is respected in the "dark kingdom". She is well among the naive Kalinovites, she is revered, treated and supplied with everything necessary. It is from her that the inhabitants learn what is happening in the world. But Feklusha is smart in her own way, she will never say that it is better on other lands than in Kalinin. It is easier for her to intimidate the people by talking about the wrong judges and people with dog heads.
Self-taught mechanic Kuligin is a kind person, obsessed with the desire to do something useful for people. But they do not understand him, they treat him indifferently.
And what is left for such people to do? Only put up with the well-established traditions of the "dark kingdom".
The life of these people flows smoothly and peacefully, no interests of the world disturb them, because they do not reach them. And they themselves do not strive for anything.
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