National composition of the Russian Federation. How many nations or nationalities live in Russia

24.04.2019

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Planet Earth is a multiethnic community that is home to a large number of different nationalities. How many peoples are there in the world? Surely every person asked a similar question at least once in his life. At the same time, the exact answer is practically unknown, since even historians find it difficult to give exact numbers. More than 1194 nationalities, and if you take into account how many peoples are in the CIS countries, then the number will be several times higher.

General classification of nationalities

Most people are interested in a quantitative indicator, but if you collect all the data on how many peoples there are, then the list can be almost endless. Most often the union different nations into groups occurs either according to species characteristics, or according to the language spoken by this or that group, or according to the territory of residence.

Sometimes division into groups can occur in accordance with cultural traditions and foundations

In total, there are 20 language families on the planet, which include different peoples.

In 2016, the following 4 groups were the largest language families:

Indo-European. In total, there are 150 peoples in this group, which are located on the territory of Asia and Europe. The total population of this group is 2.8 billion people.
Sino-Tibetan. This group includes the entire population of China and neighboring countries, common in language and culture. In total, there are almost 1.5 billion people in this group.
Afro-Asian. Language family, which includes the peoples of Southwest Asia and North Africa.
Niger-Kordofan. The rest of the peoples inhabiting the African continent, including areas of Central and South Africa.

The largest nationalities in the world

Over the entire history of existence on Earth, a large number of nationalities have developed

Some of the nationalities are small in number by the standards of history and number no more than a million people (there are a total of 330 nations). There are numerous, where the number of people exceeds 100 million. There are only 11 such nationalities:

Chinese. The palm is occupied by the Chinese, of whom there are 1 billion 17 million people on the planet.
Hindustans. In second place is the people of India, which numbers 265 million people.
Bengalis. Their number is 225 million.
Americans. There are over 200 million inhabitants in the United States.
Brazilians. Brazil is home to 175 million indigenous people.
Russians. How much Slavic peoples there are, then we can note the number of Russians, who make up a large group and number 140 million.
Japanese. Despite the limited territory of the islands, their population is 125 million people.
Punjabis. Another nationality of India, which numbers 115 million people.
Bihar people. A people who also live in India and number 115 million.
Mexicans. There are 105 million of them all over the world.
Javanese. The last of 11 large nationalities, which number 105 million people.

Let's summarize

Speaking about the concept of "people", it is very difficult to achieve a unified interpretation.

Also, do not forget that several endangered peoples live on the planet, some of which number only 280 people. In any case, each nationality is identity and uniqueness.

Indo-European group

This large group includes two subgroups: the Slavic, which is the most numerous, and the group of other peoples. V Slavic group includes Russians, Ukrainians, Belarusians, Poles. The peoples of other groups include Jews, Ossetians, Armenians and Germans.

Russian regions from time immemorial were considered Central areas countries, the North-West and the European North, however, Russians live everywhere.

The Ukrainian nationality in Russia is slightly more than 2% of the total population (4 million 360 thousand people). Ukrainians take their origin from the Circassians. The main thing in the diet of this nationality is flour (dumplings, donuts, dumplings) and vegetable (borsch, cabbage soup) food, as well as cereals (favorite - buckwheat and wheat). The most common meat products are pork and lard. For all holidays, Ukrainians dress up in national sundresses and embroidered shirts.

Belarusians make up about 1% of the population of our country. This nationality is the descendants of the ancient Vendians who settled on the territory of the present Smolensk, Vitebsk, Pskov, Minsk and Mogilev regions. The table of Belarusians has long been composed of milk, cabbage, cottage cheese, eggs, peas, beans, rye bread, in general, all that can be prepared from food household... The indigenous Belarusians are distinguished by their small stature, depressed eyes, a dense physique, and a round face framed by light brown hair.

The number of Poles in Russia is about 70 thousand people. This nationality is characterized by undersized representatives. Traditionally, on great holidays, Poles wear their national clothes: striped skirts, aprons, men's pants from white cloth, plain shirts and leather belts. National dishes are kvass, zhur, barshch with the addition of sour cream, bacon or butter. Potatoes, mushrooms, apples, homemade sausage, cheese, cottage cheese and milk are often eaten. The Poles have well-developed folk crafts: carving, embroidery, painting on glass surfaces, ceramics, weaving, sculpture and weaving.

There are Jews on the territory of Russia about 0.5% of the total population of the country. "Russian Jews" are notable for their low religiosity in comparison with the indigenous population of Israel. Jews have an elongated nose with a curved tip, which betrays their belonging to this nation. They are distinguished by a cheerful disposition, resistance to stress, and a good mind.

Ossetians live in our country about 515 thousand people, which is 1.8% of the country's population. They are mainly located in the Republic of North Ossetia-Alania, Karachay-Cherkessia and Kabardino-Balkaria. This nationality is considered to be the descendants of the Alans. Most Ossetians have dark eyes and hair, a dark skin tone, high growth... In food, these people are quite moderate, the diet mainly consists of wheat, barley, corn, cheese, millet and milk, on holidays they eat meat.

Armenians make up more than 4% of the total population of the Russian Federation, which is approximately 1 million 150 thousand people. The Armenian family is characterized by a large number with a clear definition of the rights and responsibilities of its members. Traditional food - cereals, from which lavash, butter biscuits are baked, noodles are made, porridge and pilaf are made. The most popular dairy products are various cheeses, buttermilk, milk, and matsun.

The German nation in Russia is 2.1% (843 thousand). The Germans are characterized by a small family with one or two children. There is a lot of severity in the appearance of representatives of this nationality, they are silent and inhospitable, but at the same time they are neat, friendly and practical.

Altai group

This group is divided into two subgroups: the Turkic, which numbers about 11 million people in our country, and the Mongolian, whose representatives in Russia are about 800 thousand. Turkic group represent such peoples as: Tatars, Kazakhs, Chuvashs, Azerbaijanis, Bashkirs, Yakuts and Tuvans. TO Mongolian group include Kalmyks and Buryats.

The Tatars are the most numerous, after the Russians, nationality in the Russian Federation, their 3.8% among the entire numerical composition of the country, that is, approximately 5.5 million people. Tatars are distinguished by their bright appearance: brown eyes, dark hair, well-defined cheekbones, wide nose, narrowed eyes. These people are hospitable, hardworking and clean, but they are also characterized by stubbornness and indifference.

There are more than 655 thousand Kazakhs. They live mainly in Western Siberia, The Lower Volga region and in the south of the Urals. Traditionally, Kazakhs are engaged in cattle breeding (large cattle, sheep, goats, camels). It is customary for women to work with wool, and men - with jewelry, leather, wood and metal.

The number of Chuvash in our country is 1.2%. The Chuvash are traditionally employed in the agricultural sector, but now many representatives of this ethnic group are employed in the services, culture and trade.

Azerbaijanis live in the Republic of Dagestan, they account for 4.5% of the total residents of this republic. The traditional occupation of Azerbaijanis is gardening, agriculture and viticulture, common crafts are working with leather, jewelry production, making copper items.

Bashkirs live mainly in the Republic of Bashkortostan, which is part of the Russian Federation. There are about 1 million 670 thousand of them. They have a memorable appearance: straight wide nose, chin protruding forward, big head, short stature.

The Yakuts have a population of 444 thousand people and live predominantly in the Republic of Sakha. Here, the share of the urban population is low, since traditional occupation Yakuts advocate agriculture and other agricultural pursuits. Residents live in small villages.

The nationality of Tuvans in our country is about 223 thousand inhabitants, mostly living in the Republic of Tuva.

The Buryats number about 460 thousand people, they are settled in the Republic of Buryatia. Folk crafts - fishing, hunting, cattle breeding, agriculture.

Kalmyks settled in the Republic of Kalmykia, Rostov, Astrakhan, Orenburg and Volgograd regions, there are 147 thousand of them.

Ural group

This family includes Finnish and Ugric group... Finnish consists of representatives of the Mordovians, Komi, Mari, Karelians, Udmurts. And Ugric - Mansi and Khanty.

Mordovia lives in the Republics of Mordovia, Chuvashia, Bashkiria, in the Ulyanovsk, Samara, Orenburg and Penza regions, the population is 1 million 720 thousand people. The occupations of the representatives of the Mordovians are not very different from the Russians, priority is given to agriculture.

Mari in the population of Russia, there are almost 605 thousand people. They have been engaged in the cultivation of oats, hemp, rye, barley, buckwheat, carrots, onions, flax, turnips, hops and potatoes since ancient times.

The number of Karelians in the Russian Federation is approximately 100 thousand people. The traditional crafts of the Karelians are weaving, hunting, fishing, embroidery, and reindeer herding. The national drink is turnip kvass.

There are 637 thousand Udmurts in our country. The national dress of this people is very bright and painted. However, in holidays Udmurts wear exclusively white outfits. The territory of residence of the Udmurts is perfect for growing all types of grain, so this occupation is predominant here.

Khanty and Mansi are representatives of the peoples of the North. The first nationality consists of 21 thousand representatives, and the second - only 7.6 thousand.

Caucasian group

This group included representatives of the peoples of Dagestan, Ingush, Chechens, Georgians, Kabardians.

The Ingush number 411 thousand people, whose main occupation is agriculture, growing grapes, tea, honey production, gardening. In addition, the breeding of horses and cattle is widespread.

The number of Chechens is more than 1 million 300 thousand people. They live in auls, they eat wheat stew, homemade bread, corn porridge, urek and barbecue. They are engaged in the manufacture of carpets, shoes and clothing, cloth and felt.

More than half a million Kabardians live in our country. Here the etiquette of communication between elders and younger generations, women and men. From time immemorial, Kabardian men were considered excellent warriors, National clothes contains many accessories for carrying weapons and ammunition. Womens clothing distinguished by long, closed dresses and high headdresses.

There are 131 thousand Georgians in the Russian Federation. Positive features their character is hospitality, friendliness, tact and tolerance.

Welcome to Russia!!!

Russia is famous as a multinational state; more than 190 peoples live on the territory of the country. Most of them ended up in the Russian Federation peacefully, thanks to the annexation of new territories. Each nation is distinguished by its history, culture and heritage. Let us examine in more detail the ethnic composition of Russia, considering separately each ethnic group.

Large nationalities of Russia

Russians are the most numerous indigenous ethnic group living on the territory of Russia. The number of Russian people in the world is equal to 133 million people, but some sources indicate the figure is up to 150 million. More than 110 (almost 79% of the total population of the country) million Russians live in the Russian Federation, most of Russians also live in Ukraine, Kazakhstan and Belarus. If we consider the map of Russia, then the Russian people are distributed in great numbers throughout the entire territory of the state, living in every region of the country ...

Tatars, in comparison with Russians, make up only 3.7% of the total population of the country. Tatar people has a population of 5.3 million. This ethnic group lives throughout the country, the most densely populated city of Tatars is Tatarstan, more than 2 million people live there, and the most sparsely populated region is Ingushetia, where not even a thousand people from the Tatar people will be recruited ...

The Bashkirs are the indigenous people of the Republic of Bashkortostan. The number of Bashkirs is about 1.5 million people - this is 1.1% of the total number of all residents of the Russian Federation. Most of the 1.5 million people (about 1 million) live in the territory of Bashkortostan. The rest of the Bashkirs live throughout Russia, as well as in the CIS countries ...

Chuvash are indigenous Chuvash Republic... Their number is 1.4 million people, which is 1.01% of the total national composition Russians. If you believe the census, then about 880 thousand Chuvash live on the territory of the republic, the rest live in all regions of Russia, as well as in Kazakhstan and Ukraine ...

Chechens are a people settled in the North Caucasus, Chechnya is considered their homeland. In Russia, the number of the Chechen people was 1.3 million, but according to statistics, since 2015, the number of Chechens on the territory of the Russian Federation has increased to 1.4 million. This people makes up 1.01% of the total population of Russia ...

The Mordovian people have a population of about 800 thousand people (about 750 thousand), which is 0.54% of the total population. Most of the people live in Mordovia - about 350 thousand people, followed by the regions: Samara, Penza, Orenburg, Ulyanovsk. Least of all this ethnos lives in the Ivanovo and Omsk regions, there will not be even 5 thousand belonging to the Mordovian people ...

The Udmurt people have a population of 550 thousand people - this is 0.40% of the total population of our vast Motherland. Most of the ethnic group lives in the Udmurt Republic, and the rest is dispersed over the neighboring regions - Tatarstan, Bashkortostan, Sverdlovsk region, Perm Territory, Kirov region, Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug. A small part Udmurt people migrated to Kazakhstan and Ukraine ...

Yakuts represent indigenous population Yakutia. Their number is equal to 480 thousand people - this is about 0.35% of the total national composition in the Russian Federation. Yakuts make up the majority of the inhabitants of Yakutia and Siberia. They also live in other regions of Russia, the regions most densely populated by Yakuts are Irkutsk and Magadan regions, Krasnoyarsk Territory, Khabarovsk and Primorsky District ...

According to statistics available after the population census, 460,000 Buryats live in Russia. This is 0.32% of the total number of Russians. Most (about 280 thousand people) of the Buryats live in Buryatia, being the indigenous population of this republic. The rest of the people of Buryatia live in other regions of Russia. The most densely populated Buryat territory is the Irkutsk region (77 thousand) and the Trans-Baikal Territory (73 thousand), and the less populated - Kamchatka Territory and Kemerovo Region, there are not even 2000 thousand Buryats ...

The number of the Komi people living on the territory of the Russian Federation is 230 thousand people. This figure is 0.16% of the total population in Russia. For living, this people chose not only the Komi Republic, which is their immediate homeland, but also other regions of our vast country. The Komi people are found in the Sverdlovsk, Tyumen, Arkhangelsk, Murmansk and Omsk regions, as well as in the Nenets, Yamalo-Nenets and Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrugs ...

The people of Kalmykia are indigenous to the Republic of Kalmykia. Their number is 190 thousand people, if compared in percentage, then 0.13% of the total population living in Russia. Most of these people, not counting Kalmykia, live in the Astrakhan and Volgograd regions - about 7 thousand people. And least of all Kalmyks live in the Chukotka Autonomous Okrug and the Stavropol Territory - less than a thousand people ...

Altaians are the indigenous people of Altai, therefore they live mainly in this republic. Although some of the population left historical territory habitat, now they live in the Kemerovo and Novosibirsk regions. The total number of the Altai people is 79 thousand people, in percent - 0.06 of the total number of Russians ...

Chukchi belong to small people from the northeastern part of Asia. In Russia, the Chukchi people have a small number - about 16 thousand people, their people make up 0.01% of the total population of our multinational country... These people are scattered throughout Russia, but most of them settled in the Chukotka Autonomous Okrug, Yakutia, Kamchatka Territory and Magadan Region ...

These are the most common peoples that you can meet in the vastness of Mother Russia. However, the list is far from complete, because there are also foreigners in our country. For example, Germans, Vietnamese, Arabs, Serbs, Romanians, Czechs, Americans, Kazakhs, Ukrainians, French, Italians, Slovaks, Croats, Tuvinians, Uzbeks, Spanish, British, Japanese, Pakistanis, etc. Most of the listed ethnic groups make up 0.01% of the total number, but there are peoples with more than 0.5%.

You can go on endlessly, because the vast territory of the Russian Federation is capable of accommodating many peoples under one roof, both indigenous and arriving from other countries and even continents.

Do you know how many nationalities there are in the world? The answer to this question is not as easy as it seems at first glance. There are many contradictions in the understanding of the very term "nationality". What is it? Linguistic community? Citizenship? This article will be devoted to bringing some clarity to the problems of the world's nationalities. And we will also consider what ethnic groups give rise to beauties and attractive men... Naturally, nationalities can disappear, assimilate. And the individual in our age of globalization can be the product of a mixture of different ethnic groups. And it is often difficult for a person to answer the question of who he is by nationality. But if we talk about large groups of people, then here we can single out several factors by which ethnicity is determined.

Citizenship and nationality

First, not all powers are monolithic in the ethnic composition of their populations. And even if we do not take into account the presence of migrants, the so-called "citizens of the first generation", then even then we cannot say that there are one hundred and ninety-two nationalities in the world. List of states (namely, there are so many of them on political map) does not give us an idea of numerous ethnic groups inhabiting these same countries. For example, representatives of more than one hundred and eighty nationalities live in the Russian Federation. And the North and South Korea inhabits one people, divided by a demarcation line due to political strife. There is a concept of "American nation", but it is extremely variegated in ethnic composition... The same can be said for Australia, New Zealand and Canada, whose lands were settled by expats from all over the world. At the same time, even in such a seemingly monolithic country as Poland, there are Silesians, Kashubians, Lemkos and other groups.

Language and nationality

One of the markers by which you can determine a person's belonging to a particular nation is his language. In the population census, this factor is at the forefront. If we are also guided by this marker, then the question of how many nationalities in the world can be answered: from two and a half to five thousand. Why is there such a huge spread in numbers? Because we are faced with a new difficulty: what is language? Is it a dialect, a dialect used by a certain ethnic community? But it is also not entirely correct to determine the nationality of a person by language. After all, not all Jews know Hebrew. And he almost died, and now the government is making incredible efforts to revive it. The inhabitants of the "Green Island" speak English, but do not consider themselves British.

Appearance and nationality

An even more shaky way is to determine the ethnicity of an individual by his physiological characteristics. What can we say about a person's appearance? If he has blonde hair and blue eyes, then he can be equally successful as a Swede, and a Russian or Pole. You can, of course, talk about the Scandinavian, Mediterranean, Latin American, but all this does not give us an idea of how a representative of the "titular nation" should look like. Moreover, with the dominant gene of brunettes, blondes gradually "die out". The nationalities of the world, whose representatives inhabited the lands previously known as the countries of the fair-haired people (Bulgaria, the states on the Balkan Peninsula, Italy, Georgia), after the Turkish conquest, noticeably "turned dark". So define ethnicity by outward appearance does not seem possible. Although, of course, there are certain facial features that are often found in representatives of a particular nationality.

Formation of ethnic groups

All nationalities of the world in their historical development come a long way. Ancient tribes entered into military-trade alliances and long time lived in close proximity. From this, certain differences were erased, the dialects became closer, forming one language. Can be cited as an example of the ancient Romans. In addition to the Latins who inhabited the region along the banks of the Tiber, the Veneti, Avzones, Lucans, Oskans, Messapas, Piena, Umbras and Falisques took part in the formation of the people. And their dialects still exist! The huge Roman Empire, which included many nationalities, disintegrated in the Middle Ages. Latin - official language the ancient state - gave impetus to the formation Romance languages: Italian, French, Spanish. Awareness of the multitude by one community in the composition of the state gives rise to a nation.

Natural assimilation

Not all nationalities of the countries of the world have survived to this day. A smaller nationality surrounded by a larger one runs the risk of losing its identity, especially if it is included in the state, where “ titular nation"This is the largest nationality. This happened in the USSR. The first census, carried out in 1926, found that the state was home to 178 nationalities. In 1956, there were only 109 of them. And there were 91 large nationalities, which numbered more than ten thousand people. Thus, in less than thirty years, the number of ethnic groups has significantly decreased. Of course, not everyone became Russian. Adjarians, Lazes, Svans and Mingrelians began to associate themselves with Georgians; Kuraminians, Turks and Kipchaks began to consider themselves Uzbeks. Thus, if not support cultural characteristics small peoples, there is a serious risk that they will disappear.

Forced assimilation

Sometimes governments, wary of separatist sentiments, pursue a policy aimed at deliberately destroying the nationality as such. They do not kill members of the ethnic minority, but they carry out targeted assimilation measures. For example, in Poland after World War II, all Lemkos were taken out of their places of compact residence and settled in small groups in other regions of the country. In the south of France, for a long time, schoolchildren were punished if they began to speak the local Occitan dialect. Only from the eighties of the twentieth century, under public pressure, optional courses were opened to study the almost disappeared dialect. Since the world's small nationalities are already inclined to dissolve into large ones, assimilating them forcibly is a violation of human rights.

How many nationalities are there in the world?

Nobody knows that. According to various sources, the nationalities of the peoples of the world can number from four and a half to six thousand. The total number of languages and dialects ranges from two and a half to five thousand. But there are also tribes that do not make contact with the civilized world (the so-called un-contacted people). How many such tribes are still found in Africa, the Amazon Valley? It is also quite difficult to determine the line between ethnicity, nationality and nationality. But there is also a different opinion about the larger communities. It is believed that a nation is a purely political construct. This theory is gaining more and more adherents in modern society.

Beautiful nationalities of the world: list

Assimilation, of course, can lead to the disappearance of an ethnos. But mixing blood only improves the gene pool. The so-called mestizos have always amazed with their beauty and talents. Let us recall, for example, the Russian poet A.S. Pushkin, in whose veins Slavic and African blood flowed. If we talk not about certain individuals, but about large groups of people, then the same relationship can be traced here. The most beautiful community is the one in which they mixed, as in a crucible, different nationalities the world. So, countries Latin America amaze with the abundance of beauties and angel-like men. Indeed, local Indian tribes, Spaniards and people from Africa took part in the formation of the Costa Ricans, Brazilians and Colombians. Citizens the former USSR are also not bad-looking, since many of them were born as a result of mixed inter-ethnic marriages.

Where do the most beautiful girls live?

This question worries not only the stronger sex. Of course, everyone has their own standard of beauty, but are there any Miss Universe contests? Let's make it small statistical analysis to identify in which country the most common beautiful women the world. The nationality of the charming winner is not taken into account by the jury. But we will count charming girl a representative of the "titular nation".

So, according to surveys done by various male and women's magazines, in the first place in beauty - the inhabitant of Brazil. After all, this Latin American country is real. Here you can meet both an irresistible blonde and a charming black woman. Many immigrants from Asia gave the Brazilian women the languor of the Japanese orchid and almond-shaped eyes. If you like tall blondes, then feel free to go to Sweden for them. Argentines are in third place. The fourth position is held by the Ukrainians, and the fifth - by the Russians.

Where do the most beautiful men in the world by nationality live?

A selection of super attractive macho different countries made a tourist portal Travelers Digest. He has done his own research to properly guide single ladies on romantic getaways. So what happened? What nationalities of the world have spawned large quantity Apollo?

The portal warns that it assessed not only the external data of men, but also their good manners, the level of intelligence, the ability to look after a lady. Swedes, residents of New York and Amsterdam are in the lead in this list. The top ten includes Portuguese, Argentines, Australians, Spaniards, Germans, Italians and Israelis. But girls often notice that the portal was wrong. In their opinion, residents of Latin American countries, Spaniards, Italians and Turks are more attractive.