Matryona yard portrait of matryona. Essay on the theme "matryona-touching image" in the story "matryona dvor"

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You, perhaps, more than once met such people who are ready to work with all their might for the benefit of others, but at the same time remain outcasts in society. No, they are not degraded either morally or mentally, but no matter how good their actions are, they are not appreciated. A. Solzhenitsyn tells us about one such character in his story “ Matrenin dvor».

It is about the main character of the story. The reader meets Matryona Vasilyevna Grigoreva at an advanced age - she was about 60 years old when we first see her on the pages of the story.

Audio version of the article.

Her house and courtyard are gradually falling into desolation - "the wood chips drove away, the logs of the log house and the gate, once powerful, turned gray from old age, and their casing thinned out."

Their hostess is often sick, she cannot get up for several days, but once everything was different: everything was built taking into account a large family, with high quality and sound quality. The fact that now only a single woman lives here is already attuning the reader to the perception of tragedy. life story heroines.

Matryona's youth

About the childhood of the main character, Solzhenitsyn does not tell the reader anything - the main emphasis of the story lies in the period of her youth, when the main factors of her further unhappy life were laid.

When Matryona was 19 years old, Thaddeus wooed her, at that time he was 23. The girl agreed, but the war prevented the wedding. There was no news of Thaddeus for a long time, Matryona was surely waiting for him, but she did not wait for the news, nor for the boy himself. It was decided that he was dead. His younger brother- Efim invited Matryona to marry him. Matryona did not love Efim, so she did not agree and, perhaps, the hope of Thaddeus's return did not completely abandon her, but she was nevertheless persuaded: “the clever one comes out after the Intercession, and the fool - after Petrov. They didn’t have enough hands. I went. " And as it turned out in vain - her beloved returned to the Pokrova - he was captured by Hungarian and therefore there was no news about him.

The news of the marriage of his brother and Matryona came as a blow to him - he wanted to chop up the young, but the notion that Yefim was his brother stopped his intentions. Over time, he forgave them for such an act.

Efim and Matryona stayed in parental home... Matryona still lives in this courtyard, all the buildings here were made by her father-in-law.

Thaddeus did not marry for a long time, and then he found himself another Matryona - they have six children. Efim also had six children, but none of them survived - all died before the age of three months. Because of this, everyone in the village began to believe that the evil eye was on Matryona, she was even taken to the nun, but it was not possible to achieve a positive result.

After Matryona's death, Thaddeus tells that his brother was ashamed of his wife. Yefim preferred “to dress in a cultured way, but she - somehow, all in a country style”. Once the brothers had to work together in the city. Efim cheated on his wife there: he brought the madam, to Matryona and did not want to return

A new grief came to Matryona - in 1941 Yefim was taken to the front and he never returned from there. Efim died or found another one - it is not known for sure.

So Matryona was left alone: ​​"not understood and abandoned even by her husband."

Living alone

Matryona was kind and sociable. She kept in touch with her husband's relatives. Thaddeus's wife also often came to her "to complain that her husband was beating her, and her husband is stingy, pulls the veins out of her, and cried here for a long time, and her voice was always in a tear."

Matryona felt sorry for her, her husband himself hit her only once - as a protest, the woman went away - after this it did not happen again.

The teacher, who lives in an apartment with a woman, believes that it is likely that Yefim's wife was more fortunate than Thaddeus's wife. The older brother's wife has always been severely beaten.

Matryona did not want to live without children and her husband, she decided to ask “that second downtrodden Matryona - the womb of her snatches (or the blood of Thaddeus?) - their youngest girl, Kira. For ten years she raised her here as her own, instead of her unstable ones. " At the time of the story, the girl lives with her husband in a neighboring village.

Matryona worked diligently on the collective farm, "not for money - for sticks", in total she worked for 25 years, and then, despite all the troubles, she still got her pension.

Matryona worked hard - she had to prepare peat for the winter and collect lingonberries (on good days, she "brought six bags" per day).

lingonberries. I also had to deal with the preparation of hay for the goat. “In the morning she would take a sack and a sickle and leave (...) Having stuffed the sack with fresh heavy grass, she dragged it home and laid it out in her yard in a layer. From a sack of grass it turned out dried hay - a filler. " In addition, she also contrived to help others. By her nature, she could not refuse to help anyone. It often happened that one of her relatives or simply acquaintances asked her to help dig out the potatoes - the woman “left her turn, went to help”. After harvesting, she, along with other women, harnessed to a plow instead of a horse and plowed vegetable gardens. She didn’t take money for her work: “you are reluctant to hide it”.

Once in a month and a half she had trouble - it was necessary to prepare dinner for the shepherds. On such days Matryona went shopping: “she bought canned fish, she got old and sugar and butter, which she didn’t eat herself.” Such was the order here - it was necessary to feed as best as possible, otherwise it would have been made a laughing stock.

After registering a pension and receiving money for renting out housing, Matryona's life becomes much easier - the woman “ordered new felt boots for herself. I bought a new quilted jacket. And she straightened her coat. " She even managed to set aside 200 rubles "for her own funeral", which, by the way, did not have to wait long. Matryona takes an active part in the transfer of the room from her plot to relatives. On railway crossing she rushes to help pull out the stuck sleigh - a running train knocks her and her nephew to death. Threw off the bag to wash. Everything was mess - no legs, no half of the body, no left arm. One woman crossed herself and said:

- The right handle was left to her by the Lord. There will be God to pray.

After the death of the woman, everyone quickly forgot her kindness and began, literally on the day of the funeral, to divide her property and condemn Matryona's life: “and she was unscrupulous; and she didn't chase the plant, she was stupid, she helped strangers for free (and the very reason to remember Matryona fell out - there was no one to call the garden to plow with a plow) ”.

Thus, Matryona's life was full of troubles and tragedies: she lost both her husband and children. For everyone, she was strange and abnormal, because she did not try to live like everyone else, but retained a cheerful and kind disposition until the end of her days.

Matryona's life in the story "Matryona's yard" by A. Solzhenitsyn in quotes

Goals:

educational: reading and analysis artistic text, identifying author's position through the disclosure of the image of the main character of the story.

developing: awakening creativity students (by encouraging them to think, comprehend what they read, exchange opinions).

educational: expansion of students' ideas about A. Solzhenitsyn - a writer, publicist, historian; developing the need for reading, fostering a sense of empathy, respect for people of work and truth.

Equipment: media presentation, portrait of A. Solzhenitsyn, paintings by artists about the Russian village, epigraphs, definitions, drawings.

Literature :

N. Loktionova"A village is not worth it without a righteous man." To the study of the story of A. Solzhenitsyvna "Matrenin's yard". - Literature at school, No. 3, 1994, pp. 33-37

A. Solzhenitsyn"Live not by lies!" - Literature at school number 3, 1994, pp. 38-41.

DURING THE CLASSES

I. Organizing time:

1) Record number, topic. We continue to study the work of A.I. Solzhenitsyn. Alexander Isaevich Solzhenitsyn - writer, publicist, poet and public figure, Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences, laureate Nobel Prize in the field of literature.

II. Learning new material:

Today in the center of our attention is the story "Matrenin's yard". Written in 1959, in the initial period of the writer's work, this story gives a vivid idea of ​​Solzhenitsyn, the artist of words, and of the post-war period of life in the countryside. (Slide 1)

2) Select and write down the epigraph of the lesson from among the proposed ( ... Slide 2):

3) Today we get to know the heroes of A. Solzhenitsyn's story. A. Solzhenitsyn's story "Matrenin Dvor" is located at the origins of the Russian village prose the second half of the twentieth century. Let's try during the analysis this story reveal its meaning and try to answer the question: "What is the" secret inner light "of the story read?" (Slide 3)

1) At home, you read the story and reflected on what you read on the proposed questions and tasks.
Let's turn to the definition of the genre.Story- this ... (Slide 4. )

2) In his stories A. Solzhenitsyn in an extremely succinct form, with an amazing artistic force reflects on eternal questions: the fate of the Russian countryside, the position of the common toiler, the relationship of people, etc. V. Astafyev called "Matrenin's Dvor" "the pinnacle of Russian short storytelling." Solzhenitsyn himself once remarked that he rarely turned to the genre of the story, "for artistic pleasure." So, the basis of the story is usually a case that reveals the character of the protagonist. Solzhenitsyn also builds his story on this traditional principle. Across tragic event- the death of Matryona - the author comes to a deep understanding of her personality. It was only after death that "the image of Matryona floated before me, which I did not understand, even living side by side with her." The main part of our work will be devoted to the tragic fate of Matryona. I invite you to an open discussion, free exchange of opinions about the story you have read. (Appendix 3).

III. Perception Revelation Conversation:

Look at the reproduction of the painting "Old Age" by the artist V. Popkov. Immerse yourself in the life of the Russian countryside. Try to describe the idea of ​​the painting, what touched you, what did you think about?
( The picture is about loneliness, the habit of working tirelessly. The picture shows a neat, strict old woman... The stylized interior, in which there is not a single superfluous detail, testifies not so much to everyday life as to the mythopoetic idea of ​​a house in which the main place is occupied by a stove (heat) and a door, waiting for at least someone who can brighten up loneliness. The figure of the hostess with a dull, inward-looking into the soul (and through it to us and to the whole world) personifies the idea of ​​preserving a “fire” in a large hostile world, a protected corner in which a person lost in the storms of a stormy time can escape.)

What problems formed the basis of this story?
( Joyless village life, the fate of a village Russian woman, post-war difficulties, the disenfranchised position of a collective farmer, complex relations of relatives in the family, true and imaginary moral values, loneliness and old age, spiritual generosity and unselfishness, the fate of the post-war generation, etc..) (Slide 5)

IV. Analysis of the story:

1) Draw verbal portrait Matryona.
The writer does not give detailed, specific portrait description heroines. Only one is underlined portrait detail- "radiant", "kind", "apologetic" smile of Matryona. The author treats Matryona with sympathy: “From the red frosty sun, the frozen window of the canopy, now shortened, turned a little pink, and this reflection warmed Matryona’s face”, “Those people have good faces who are in harmony with their consciences”. Matryona's speech is smooth, melodious, originally Russian, beginning with "some low warm purr, like grandmothers in fairy tales." The semantic richness of Matryona's "incorrectness" (Slide 5)

2) Describe the environment in which Matryona lives, her world?
Matryona lives in a darkish hut with a large Russian stove. It is, as it were, a continuation of herself, a part of her life. Everything here is organic and natural: the cockroaches rustling behind the partition, the rustle of which resembled the "distant sound of the ocean," tragic night Matryona's deaths rushed about behind the wallpaper, as if Matryona herself "was invisibly tossed about and said goodbye here, to her hut." These are Matryona's favorite ficuses. That "the loneliness of the hostess was filled with a silent, but lively crowd." Those ficuses. That Matryona once saved in a fire, not thinking about the meager gains, the "frightened crowd" froze the ficuses on that terrible night, and then were forever taken out of the hut ...
This artistic detail helps us to better understand the image of the main character of the story. Matryona's yard is a kind of island in the middle of an ocean of lies, which keeps the treasures of the people's spirit.( Slide 6)

3) How the story develops an understanding of the hard life path heroines?
Matryona's "kolotnaya zhitenka" unfolds in front of us gradually. Bit by bit, referring to the author's digressions and comments scattered throughout the story, to the scanty confessions of Matryona herself, a story is formed about the heroine's difficult life path. She had to sip a lot of grief and injustice in her lifetime: broken love, the death of six children, the loss of her husband in the war, hellish, not every peasant's feasible work in the village, a severe illness - an illness, a bitter resentment against the collective farm, which squeezed all her strength out of her, and then wrote off as unnecessary, leaving him without a pension and support. But an amazing thing! Matryona was not angry with this world, she retained a feeling of joy and pity for others, her radiant smile still illuminates her face.
Thus, she lived poorly, miserably, lonely - a "lost old woman", exhausted by work and illness. (slide 8)

4) What sure means did Matryona have to maintain a good mood?
The author writes: "She had a sure way to regain her good spirits - work." For a quarter of a century on the collective farm, she broke her back pretty well: she dug, planted, dragged huge sacks and logs. And all this - "not for money, for sticks of workdays in the grubby book of the accountant." Nevertheless, she was not entitled to a pension, because she did not work at a factory - on a collective farm. And in her old age, Matryona did not know rest: she grabbed a shovel, then she went with sacks to the swamp to mow grass for her dirty white goat, then she went with other women to steal peat from the collective farm secretly for winter kindling. Matryona did not hold any grudge against the collective farm. Moreover, according to the very first decree, she went to help the collective farm, without receiving, as before, anything for the work. Yes, and any distant relative or neighbor did not refuse help, "without a shadow of envy" she told the guest about the neighbor's rich potato harvest. Work was never a burden for her, “Matryona never spared neither work nor her good”. (slide 9)

5) How did the neighbors and relatives feel about Matryona?
How did her relationship with others develop? What is common in the fate of the narrator and Matryona? Who do the heroes tell about their past?
Sisters, sister-in-law, stepdaughter Kira, the only friend in the village, Thaddeus - these are those who were closest to Matryona. Relatives almost did not appear in her house, fearing, apparently, that Matryona would ask them for help. All chorus condemned Matryona. That she is ridiculous and stupid, working for others for free, always crawling into men's affairs (after all, she got under the train, because she wanted to help the peasants, to drag the sleds with them through the crossing). True, after Matryona's death, the sisters immediately flew in, "seized the hut, the goat and the stove, locked her chest, and gutted two hundred funeral rubles from the lining of her coat." Yes, and a half-century friend - “the only one who sincerely loved Matryona in this village” - who came running in tears with the tragic news, nevertheless, leaving, did not forget to take Matryona's knitted blouse with her so that the sisters would not get it. The sister-in-law, who recognized Matryona's simplicity and cordiality, spoke of this "with suspicious regret." All those around Matrenina mercilessly used kindness, innocence and unselfishness. Matryona is uncomfortable and cold in her native state. She is alone inside a large society and, what is most terrible, inside a small one - her village, relatives, friends. This means that the society whose system suppresses the best is wrong. This is about this - about the false moral foundations of society - the author of the story sounds the alarm.
Matryona and Ignatyich (the narrator) tell each other about their past. They are brought together by the disorder and complexity of life. Only in Matryona's hut did the hero feel something akin to his heart. And the lonely Matryona felt trust in her guest. The heroes are also related by the drama of their fate, and many life principles... Their relationship is especially evident in speech. The narrator's language is extremely close to folk language, literary at its core, it is filled with expressive dialectisms and vernaculars (whole-soaked, lumpy, good-natured, exactly the same, smaller, non-food etc.) Often in the speech of the author comes across the words overheard by Matryona. (slide 10)

6) What can you say about the life foundations of the village, about the relations between its inhabitants? What are the foundations of the depicted Solzhenitsyn social system? With what colors are Faddey Mironovich and Matryona's relatives painted in the story? How does Thaddeus behave when taking apart the upper room? What drives him?
The hero-storyteller, whom fate has thrown into this, tells us about this. strange place under the name - Peat product. Already in the name itself, there was a wild violation, a distortion of the original Russian traditions. Here "dense, impenetrable forests stood before and survived the revolution." But then they were cut down, brought to the root, over which the chairman of a neighboring collective farm raised his collective farm, receiving the title of Hero Socialist Labor... Individual details are used to form the whole look of the Russian village. Gradually there has been a substitution of the interests of a living, concrete person with the interests of the state, government. They no longer baked bread, did not sell anything edible - the table became scarce and poor. Collective farmers "all the way to the whitest flies on the collective farm, all on the collective farm", and hay for their cows had to be collected from under the snow. The new chairman began by cutting off vegetable gardens for all disabled people, and huge areas of land were empty behind fences. There is a trust showing the abundant extraction of peat from the reports. Leadership lies railroad not selling tickets to empty wagons... The school is lying because it is fighting for a high success rate. Long years Matryona lived without a ruble, and when she was advised to seek a pension, she was no longer happy: they drove her with papers to the offices for several months - "now by the point, now by the comma." And the more experienced neighbors summed up her ordeals: “The state is minute. Today, you see, it has given, and tomorrow it will take away. " All this led to the fact that there was a distortion, a shift in the most important thing in life - moral principles and concepts. How it happened, the author bitterly reflects, “that our property is strangely called our good, folk or mine, our language is our property. And losing it is considered shameful and stupid before people. " Greed, envy for each other, and anger drive people. When Matryona's room was being dismantled, “everyone worked like mad, in the bitterness that people get when they smell like big money or are waiting for a big treat. They shouted at each other, argued. "

7) Is that how you said goodbye to Matryona?

A significant place in the story of A.I. Solzhenitsyn allotted the scene of Matryona's funeral. And this is no coincidence. In Matryona's house last time gathered all the relatives and friends, in whose environment she lived her life. And it turned out that Matryona was leaving life, never understood by anyone, not humanly mourned by anyone. Even from the folk rituals of parting with a person, a real feeling, a human principle, has gone. Crying has become a kind of politics, ritual norms are unpleasantly striking in their "coldly thought-out" orderliness. At the memorial supper they drank a lot, they said loudly, "not at all about Matryona." According to custom, they sang "Eternal Memory", but "the voices were hoarse, rosy, their faces were drunk, and no one put feelings into this eternal memory." The most terrible figure in the story is Thaddeus, this "insatiable old man" who has lost elementary human pity, overwhelmed by a single thirst for profit. Even the upper room "has been cursed since the hands of Thaddeus gripped to break it." In the fact that he is like this today, there is also a share of Matryona's fault, because she did not wait for him from the front, buried him in her thoughts ahead of time - and Thaddeus was angry all over the world. At the funeral of Matryona and his son, he was gloomy with one heavy thought - to save the room from the fire and from Matryona's sisters.
After Matryona's death, the hero-storyteller does not hide his grief, but he becomes really scared when, having gone through all the inhabitants of the village, he comes to the conclusion that Thaddeus was not the only one in the village. But Matryona - such - was completely alone. The death of Matryona, the destruction of her yard and hut is a formidable warning of a catastrophe that can happen to a society that has lost its moral guidelines. (slide 11)

8) Is there a certain pattern in Matryona's death, or is it a coincidence of accidental circumstances?

It is known that Matryona had real prototype- Matryona Vasilievna Zakharova, whose life and death formed the basis of the story. The author convinces with all the narration. That Matryona's death is inevitable and natural. Her death at the move acquires symbolic meaning... A certain symbol is visible in this: it is Matryona the righteous who is passing away. Such people are always guilty, such people always pay the price, not even for their sins. Yes, Matryona's death is a kind of milestone, it is a break in the moral ties still held under Matryona. Perhaps this is the beginning of decay, the death of the moral foundations that Matryona strengthened with her life. (slide 12)

9) What is the meaning of this story, its main idea?
The original title (author's) of the story -"A village is not worth it without a righteous man" ... And Tvardovsky suggested for the sake of the opportunity to publish the story a more neutral title - "Matrenin's Dvor". But this name also conceals deep meaning... If we start from the broad concepts of "collective farm yard", "peasant yard", then in the same row there will be "Matrenin's yard" as a symbol of a special order of life, a special world. Matryona, the only one in the village, lives in her own world: she arranges her life with work, honesty, kindness and patience, keeping her soul and inner freedom... In a popular way, wise, judicious, able to appreciate goodness and beauty, smiling and sociable in her disposition, Matryona managed to resist evil and violence, preserving her “court”. This is how the associative chain is logically built: Matrenin's yard - Matrenin's world - a special world of the righteous, the world of spirituality, kindness, mercy. But Matryona dies - and this world collapses: they drag her house down a log, eagerly share her modest belongings. And there is no one to protect Matryona's yard, no one even thinks that with the departure of Matryona something very valuable and important is passing away, not amenable to division and primitive everyday evaluation. " Everyone lived next to her and did not understand that she was the same righteous person, without whom, according to the proverb, “The village is not worth it. Neither the city. Not all our land. " (slide13)

10) What is the position of the author, if viewed more broadly, in the context of all his work?
The story is largely autobiographical. After his release from the camp, Solzhenitsyn went to middle Russia work as a teacher, where he meets Matryona. His fate is not easy. The narrator is a man of difficult fate, behind whose shoulders the war and the camp. This is evidenced by artistic details (mention of the fact that “I ate twice a day, like at the front”, about the camp quilted jacket, about unpleasant memories, “when at night they come to you loudly and in greatcoats,” etc.) It is no coincidence that he seeks “To get lost in the interior of Russia itself”, to find peace and that spiritual harmony that he lost in his arduous life and which, in his opinion, has survived among the people. In Matryona's hut, the hero felt something akin to his heart. Often the author resorts to direct assessments and comments. All this gives the story a special trust and artistic penetration. The author admits that he, who became related to Matryona, does not pursue any selfish interests, nevertheless, he did not fully understand her. And only death revealed before him the majestic and tragic image Matryona. And the story is a kind of author's repentance, bitter repentance for the moral blindness of everyone around him, including himself. He bows his head before a man of a disinterested soul, but absolutely unrequited, defenseless, crushed by the entire dominant system. Solzhenitsyn becomes "in opposition not so much to this or that political system, as to the false moral foundations of society." He seeks to return to eternal moral concepts their deep primordial meaning... The story as a whole, despite the tragedy of events, is sustained on some very warm, light, piercing note, sets the reader to good feelings and serious reflections.

(slide 14)

11) What is the “secret inner light” of this story?
HaveZ. Gippiusa poem that was written earlier than the events depicted in our story, and it was written for a different reason, but try to relate its content to our story, I hope this will help you formulate your own reasoning when writing a small creative work. (slide 15, appendix 7)

V. Securing new material.

Creative work of students: "The Secret Inner Light" of the story "A. Solzhenitsyn's" Matrenin's Courtyard "and my impressions of what I read. (appendix 4)

Vi. Lesson summary : Let's listen to each other (excerpts from creative works students)

Vii. Homework : Read the story of A. Solzhenitsyn "One Day in Ivan Denisovich" and think about what idea unites these two works.

AISolzhenitsyn's story "Matryonin's Dvor" touches upon such topics as the moral and spiritual life of the people, the struggle for survival, the contradiction between personality and society, the relationship between power and man. "Matryonin Dvor" is written entirely about a simple Russian woman. Despite many unrelated events, Matryona is the main actor... The plot of the story develops around her.

In the center of Solzhenitsyn's attention is a simple village woman - Matrena Vasilievna, who lives in poverty and has worked all her life on a state farm. Matryona got married even before the revolution and from the very first day she took up household chores. Our heroine is a lonely woman who lost her husband at the front and buried her six children. Matryona lived alone in a huge house. "Everything was built long ago and soundly, for a large family, and now there was a single woman of about sixty." Central theme in this work - the theme of the home and hearth.

Matryona, despite all the hardships Everyday life, has not lost the ability to respond to someone else's misfortune with heart and soul. She is the keeper of the hearth, but this is her only mission, which acquires scale and philosophical depth. Matryona is still not perfect Soviet ideology penetrates into life, into the house of the heroine (signs of this ideology are a poster on the wall and an everlasting radio).

We meet a woman who has gone through a lot in life and did not even receive a well-deserved pension: "There were a lot of injustices with Matryona: she was sick, but was not considered disabled; she worked for a quarter of a century on a collective farm, but because she was not at a factory, she was not supposed to she had a pension for herself, but it was possible to seek for her husband, that is, for the loss of a breadwinner. " Such injustice reigned at that time in all parts of Russia. A person who does good for his country with his own hands is not appreciated in the state, he is trampled into the mud. Matryona for all her working life earned five such pensions. But they don’t give her a pension, because she didn’t receive money on the collective farm, but sticks. And to get a pension for your husband, you need to spend a lot of time and effort. She collected papers for a very long time, wasted time, but all in vain. Matryona was left without a pension. This absurdity of laws would rather drive a person into the coffin than provide it financial situation.

main character except for a goat has no livestock: "All her bellies were - one dirty white goat." She mostly ate one potato: "She walked along the water and cooked it in three cast iron: one cast iron for me, one for herself, one for the goat. egg". A good life is not visible when people are sucked in by the swamp of poverty. Life is very unfair for Matryona. The bureaucratic apparatus that does not work for a person, together with the state, is not at all interested in how people like Matryona live. The slogan" Everything for a person is crossed out. “Wealth no longer belongs to the people, the people are the serfs of the state. And, in my opinion, these are the problems Solzhenitsyn touches upon in his story.

The image of Matryona Vasilievna is the embodiment of the best features of the Russian peasant woman. She has a difficult tragic fate... Her "children did not stand: up to three months without living and not suffering from anything, everyone died." Everyone in the village decided that it was corruption. Matryona does not know happiness in her personal life, but she is not all for herself, but for people. For ten years, working for free, the woman raised Kira as her own, instead of her children. Helping her in everything, not refusing to help anyone, she is morally much higher than her selfish relatives. Life is not easy, "thick with worries" - Solzhenitsyn does not hide this in any detail.

I believe that Matryona is a victim of events and circumstances. Moral purity, disinterestedness, diligence are the features that attract us to the image of a simple Russian woman who has lost everything in her life and is not hardened. In old age, sick, she heals her mental and physical ailments. Labor constitutes happiness, the goal for which she lives. And yet, if you look closely at Matryona's lifestyle, you can see that Matryona is a slave to labor, not a mistress. That is why her fellow villagers, and most of all her relatives, shamelessly exploited her, she obediently bore her heavy cross. Matryona, according to the author, is the ideal of the Russian woman, the fundamental principle of all life. “All of us,” concludes his story about the life of Matryona Solzhenitsyn, “lived next to her and did not understand that she was the same righteous person, without whom, according to the proverb, a village does not stand. Not a city. Not our whole land.”

The theme of the righteous in literature is not new, and yet in Solzhenitsyn's story it is revealed with particular truthfulness. The main characters of "Matryonin Dvor" are simple peasants, whose life is not like a fairy tale, the description of the village life - can shock the modern reader. What is the picture of the division of the property of a living and healthy woman worth in the work: relatives rush her to part with earthly goods, as if hinting that she lingered in this world. The main character is a person of enormous spiritual strength: the death of children, a failed marriage, lonely old age - none of this broke the woman. Analysis of the story allows you to see a truthful, far from morality and beauty, picture of life and worldview of a simple village people.

Characteristics of the heroes "Matryonin Dvor"

main characters

Minor characters

In the work "Matryonin Dvor", the heroes reveal their nature in full force precisely in crucial moment when misfortune happens. Even the narrator Ignatyich begins to truly understand Matrona only after her death. Solzhenitsyn's characterization of heroes consists of a mass small parts, deeds and accidentally spoken words. This is the peculiarity of the writer, he is a skilled craftsman artistic word... In the list of the author's works about the Russian soul, this story is perhaps the most poignant and vivid.

Product test

A lot of hardships, labors and worries fell on the shoulders of the heroine of the story by A. I. Solzhenitsyn Matryona [see. full text, summary and analysis of the story "Matryonin Dvor"]. Her life in her youth and in old age was incessant toil. “Year after year, for many years, Matryona Vasilyevna never earned a ruble from anywhere. Because she was not paid her pension. Her family did not help her much. And on the collective farm she did not work for money - for sticks. For the sticks of workdays in the obscured book of the accountant. "

Alexander Solzhenitsyn. Matrenin Dvor. Read by the author

But, unlike her fellow villagers, Matryona kept living soul, remained forever disinterested, kind, delicate, preserved her former girlish love until old age.

Not rich in words, her story of love for Thaddeus is full of poetry, reminiscent of old songs and lamentations. After all, this is a kind of lamentation for the past, for unfulfilled happiness. “I hid for three years, waited. And no news, and no bone ... "; "Oh-oh-oyinki, poor little head! .." - she laments.

The narrator seems to echo her. In his speech, the intonations of folk poetry begin to sound: "And the years passed, as the water floated ..." folklore images: “I presented them side by side: a resin hero with a scythe across his back; her, ruddy, embracing the sheaf. And - a song, a song under the sky, which the village has long lagged behind to sing, and you can’t sing with the mechanisms ”.

Mourning his heroine, he calls her "unpretentious", unconsciously repeating Irina Fedosova's lament:

There is no one to take refuge in,
There is no one who will be victorious ...

Matryona's fate is truly tragic. But not only because she lost a loved one, lived with an unloved, buried six children in infancy; not because she is tormented by a black affliction, that she struggles in poverty, that she is destined to die under the train. Her immeasurable loneliness is tragic. Nobody understood, did not love, did not pity her, because among the black crows she remained white.

She lived all her life in her native village “misunderstood and abandoned”, “alien”, “funny”. Neighbors condemn her for what the author finds especially valuable in her. They speak of Matryona's cordiality and simplicity "with contemptuous regret." They reproach her for being “not careful”. “I didn’t chase after the purchase ... I didn’t get out to buy things and then take care of them more than my life”. And the author reflects: "... good our, folk or mine, the language strangely calls our property. And losing it is considered shameful and stupid before people. " And the heroine of Solzhenitsyn did not take care kindness, but kindness. And she was immensely rich. But no one noticed or appreciated the spiritual values ​​that she possessed.

The description of Matryona's hut takes on a deep meaning in the story. Lonely among people, she is surrounded at home by close "creatures". They also constitute a special, poetic world, consonant with her soul. She is deeply attached to this world, and he lives his independent, simple and mysterious life.

So, about the ficuses it is said: "They filled the loneliness of the hostess with a silent but living crowd." Ficuses are compared to the forest and seem to constitute a certain part of the natural world. Even insects are spoken of in the spirit of opposing them to everything that is outside the hut: “In addition to Matryona and me, they also lived in the hut: a cat, mice and cockroaches / ... / At night, when Matryona was already asleep, and I was studying at the table , - the rare rapid rustling of mice under the wallpaper was covered with a continuous, uniform, continuous, like the distant sound of the ocean, the rustle of cockroaches behind the partition. But I got used to him, for there was nothing evil in him, there was no lie in him. Their rustling was their life. "