American artists landscape players. School encyclopedia
Read also
In 1776, America proclaimed its independence, and from that time actually begins the development of national visual arts, which was intended to display the history of the country.
Artists of the XVIII century. Most of them were self-taught and founded on the style of British art.
And in the XIX century. The first school of painting was already created - the Hudson River School.
School of River Hudson
The Hudson River School is the so-called group of American paint artists. Their creativity developed in the style of romanticism. Pictures depicted the valley of the Hudson River and its surroundings. Artists most often portrayed the wild nature of America and questioned the feasibility of technical progress.
Thomas Cole "Oksbow" (1836). Metropolitan Museum (New York)
The Hudson River School was not a homogeneous phenomenon in painting of that time: for example, there was a branch in the style of impressionism, which was called lineism. Lineism paid great attention to the perception by the artist of light. From impressionism, luming is distinguished by the fact that it is more attention to the details, a hidden smear is made. But in general these two styles are similar.
Fitz Henry Lane "Ship in Tuman" (1860)
The founder of the school was the artist Thomas Cole. He drove on the Gudson River in the fall of 1825. Then, Ashecher Brown Durand joined him. Other school artists:
Albert Birstadt
John William Casiller
Frederick Edwin Church
Thomas Cole
Samuel Kolmen.
Jasper Francis Kropsi
Thomas Dobouti
Robert Scott Dancançon
Senford Robinson Gifford
James McDouga Hart
William Hart
William Stanley Haseltine
Martin Johnson Hedi DR.
The painting of artists of the Hudsosphere school was simply simplicity.
Thomas Cole (1801-1848)
Thomas Cole was born in England. In 1818, his family emigrated to the United States. The Ase professions Cole received a stray artist-portraitist stein. But portrait painting was not successful for him, and he began writing landscapes. He and allegorical paintings were able, for example, a series of "traveling life", consisting of pictures of the four period of human life: childhood, youth, maturity and old age. This cycle is stored in the National Art Gallery (Washington, USA)
T. Cole "Childhood"
In the first picture, the artist portrayed a child in a boat that floats along the river of life. This boat is managed by an angel, because The child is not yet capable of independence. Its horizon, as in the picture, is limited. The figure on the nose of the boat holds hourglass, symbolizing the time.
T. Cole "Youth"
The same boat, but it already has a young man. He has already managed the boat independently, but the angel does not leave him anyway - he watches him from the shore.
Angel continues to watch a man, but he is immersed in his problems who overcome it - it emphasizes the grim flavor of the paintings, trees, trembling storms ...
T. Cole "Old age"
And now the life path of man comes to an end. The shapes with sand clock on the boat is no longer - the time of earthly life is completed. And the boat is all seeds ...
The guardian angel went to him to direct his future path to the world of others, and other angels were visible. Cole said so about this painting: "Putting of bodily existence disappear, and the mind is already able to see the glimpses of eternal life."
Winslow Homer (1836-1910)
Photo 1880
American artist and schedule, founder of realistic painting. Most famous for their sea landscapes. Wrote oil and watercolor. His creativity influenced the entire subsequent development of American painting.
Homer experienced the influence of various artistic flows, but was based primarily on purely American plots.
Its painting early period - light and serene, and for the last period are characterized by dark tones and tragic topics.
W. Homer "Fog signal". Boston Museum of Fine Arts (USA)
The topic of the picture is a struggle of a person with the sea, the ratio of fragile human life and eternal nature.
Thomas Kaupertuit Ikins (Eykins) (1844-1916)
American artist, photographer, teacher, the largest representative of American realistic painting.
T. Ikins. Self portrait (1902)
He graduated from the Pennsylvanian Academy of Fine Arts, further improved his skills in Europe, mainly in Paris under the leadership of Jean Leon Zheroma. He taught at the Academy of Fine Arts, was its director.
I paid great attention to the study and image of a naked nature, showingcessity, for which he was dismissed. In the painting of Ikins and his photos, a naked and semi-screwed body occupies the main place. He owns many images of athletes. The special interest of Ikins caused the transfer of movements of the human body.
T. Ikins "Swimming" (1895)
He wrote portraits in a multifigurnal environment.
The most famous work is the Gross Clinic.
T. Ikins "Gross Clinic" (1875)
The picture shows the famous Philadelphian surgeon Samuel Gross, who manages the operation to students of the Medical Academy. The artist depicts Dr. Gross by the genius of human thought, but the picture shocked contemporaries with her realism.
T. Ikins also known for a number of significant portraits, including the portrait of the American poet and the publicist Walt Whitman (1887-1888), who himself considered the poet.
T. Ikins. Portrait of Whitman (1887)
James Abbot McNel Whistler (1834-1903)
Anglo-American artist, portraitist, master of etching and lithography. Predecessor impressionism and symbolism.
D. Whistler. Self-portrait. Institute of Arts (Detroit)
Born in Lowelle (Massachusetts). His father, George Washington Whistler, a well-known railway engineer, in 1842 was invited to build roads to Russia, he designed the Nikolaev railway. In Russia, James visited the Academy of Arts. In the US, he studied in a military school, but was deducted.
D. Whistler "Arrangement in gray and black. Mother of the artist (1871). Orsay Museum (Paris)
This is the most famous job of James Whistler.
He studied painting in Paris, then in Venice (engaged in watercolor sketches and etchings).
In the first period of the work of the Whistler brought together with impressionism, the desire to capture the first impression from the subject - landscape or man. But on many issues, he dispersed with the impressionists: did not approve the cult of Plenäer, thought in advance the flower tonality. In the late works, Whistler uses extremely divorced, watercolor transparent paints, which transmit a sense of the intake of the mobility of the atmospheric medium.
D. Whistler "Symphony in the gray and the Green Ocean" (1866-1872)
Household genre
A large development in American painting XIX century. Got a household genre. At first, this genre was based on a provincial life with cards, dancing, etc.
Eastman Johnson "Happiness of the abandoned diligence" (1871)
But after the Industrial Revolution and Urbanization began in the United States, the artists began to portray the life of large cities.
John Gast "American Progress" (about 1872)
The picture shows allegorical Columbia with a textbook in hand. It leads a civilization to the West along with American immigrants, dear stretching the telegraph line. The picture shows different types of economic activity of the first settlers, the history of transport. Indians and wild animals depicts running away from immigrants.
"School of garbage vestors"
At the turn of the XIX and XX centuries. In the US, there was a rapid growth of large cities. Cameras of that time could not yet be used for operational shooting of incidents, so newspapers hired artists for illustrations. So "School of Garbage Vorde" was formed, which included Robert Henry, Glenn Kolman, Jerome Myers and George Bellose. The main objects of the sketches of the studiors were streets with their typical representatives: smoothies, prostitutes, street artists and immigrants. The origin, education and political views of these artists were different. But Robert Henry believed that the life and activities of the poor, proletariat and middle class were worthy of incarnation in painting - these are realities.
George Belluse "Help Help Herds Edith Cavell" (1918)
"School of garbage vestors" made a revolution in the visual art of the United States, she was the forerunner
"Players in cards"
Author
Paul Cesanne
Country France
Years of life 1839–1906
Style Postpressionism
The artist was born in the south of France in a small town of Ex-en-Provence, but painting began to engage in Paris. This success came to him after the personal exhibition organized by the collector Ambruz Vollar. In 1886, 20 years before his care, he moved to the outskirts of his hometown. Young artists called him called "pilgrimage in ex".
130x97 cm
1895 year
Cost
$ 250 million
sold in 2012
on private trading
Creativity Cezanne is easy to understand. The only rule of the artist was the direct transmission of the subject or the plot on the canvas, so his paintings do not cause the viewer's perplexity. Cezanne connected two main French traditions in his art: classicism and romanticism. With the help of a colorful texture, he attached an amazing plasticity of items.
A series of five paintings "Players in Maps" was written in 1890-1895. Their plot is the same - several people play poker enthusiastically. Available only by the number of players and canvas sizes.
Four paintings are stored in the museums of Europe and America (Museum of D'Orce, Metropolitan Museum, Barnes Foundation and the Kurto Institute), and the fifth time until recently was the decoration of the private collection of Greek billionaire-shipowner Georg Embyricos. Shortly before his death, in the winter of 2011, he decided to set it on sale. Art dealer William Akvavella and a glimpical name of Larry Gagosyan, who offered it about $ 220 million, who were offering about $ 220 million dollars for it by the potential buyers of "free" work. As a result, the picture went to the royal family of the Arab state Qatar for 250 million. The largest art deal in the history of painting was closed in February 2012. This in Vanity Fair reported a journalist Alexander Pierce. She found out the cost of the picture and the name of the new owner, and then information penetrated the media around the world.
In 2010, the Arab Museum of Contemporary Art and the Qatari National Museum opened in Qatar. Now their collections are replenished. Perhaps the fifth version of the "players in the card" was acquired by Sheikh for this purpose.
SAMIdear paintingin the world
Owner
Sheikha Hamad
bin caliph al-tanya
The Al-Tanya dynasty rules Qatar over 130 years. About half a century ago, huge oil and gas reserves were found here that the VMIG made Qatar one of the richest regions of the world. Thanks to the export of hydrocarbons in this small country, the largest GDP per capita is recorded. Sheikh Hamad Bin Califa Al-Tanya in 1995, while his father was in Switzerland, with the support of family members seized power. The merit of the current ruler, according to experts, in a clear strategy for the development of the country, creating a successful state image. Now the Constitution and Prime Minister appeared in Qatar, and women received the right to vote in the parliamentary elections. By the way, it was the emir of Qatar that founded Al-Jazeera news channel. Huge attention of the Arab state's authorities pay culture.
2
"Number 5"
Author
Jackson Pollock
Country USA
Years of life 1912–1956
Style Abstract expressionism
Jack Sprayer - such a nickname was given to the American public for the special technique of painting. The artist refused the brush and easel, and the paint spilled over the surface of the canvas or fibrolite during the continuous movement around and inside them. From an early age, he was fond of Philosophy Jedda Krishnamurti, the main promise of which - the truth opens during the free "outpouring".
122x244 cm
1948
cost
$ 140 million
sold in 2006
on the auction Sotheby's.
The value of the work of the midfield is not as a result, but in the process. The author did not accidentally call his art of painting action. With his light hand it became the main domain of America. Jackson Pollock mixed paint with sand, broken glass, and wrote a piece of cardboard, masticic, knife, scoop. The artist was so popular that in the 1950s, the imitators were found even in the USSR. The picture "Number 5" is recognized as one of the strangest and expensive in the world. One of the creators of DreamWorks David Hepfen acquired it for a private collection, and in 2006 sold at the Sotheby`s auction for 140 million dollars to Mexican David Martinez. However, soon a law firm on behalf of his client released a press release, which reported that David Martinez is not the owner of the painting. Apparently only one thing is known: the Mexican financier has indeed recently collecting works of contemporary art. It is unlikely that he would have missed such a "large fish" as "number 5" of the midfield.
3
"Woman III"
Author
Villem de Kuning
Country USA
Years of life 1904–1997
Style Abstract expressionism
The leaving from the Netherlands, he emigrated in the United States in 1926. In 1948, a personal exhibition of the artist took place. Art critics appreciated complex, nervous black and white compositions, recognizing in their author of the Grand Artist-modernist. He suffered most of his life with alcoholism, but the joy of creating new art is felt in every work. De Kuning is distinguished by the impulsiveness of painting, wide strokes, which is sometimes the image does not fit in the boundaries of the canvas.
121x171 cm
1953.
Cost
$ 137 million
sold in 2006
on private trading
In the 1950s, women with empty eyes, massive breasts, ugly features of the face appear in the paintings of De Kuning. "Woman III" became the last work from this series participating in the auction.
Since the 1970s, the picture was kept in the Tehran Museum of Contemporary Art, but after the introduction of hard rules of morality in the country, they sought to get rid of it. In 1994, the work was taken out of Iran, and after 12 years its owner David Hepfen (the most producer who sold the Jackson Pollock "Number 5" canal) gave the picture to Milliona Stephen Cohen for $ 137.5 million. Interestingly, Hepfhen began to sell his painting collection in one year. It gave rise to a weight of rumors: for example, that producer decided to buy Los Angeles Times newspaper.
At one of the art-forums, an opinion was expressed about the similarity of the "Women III" with the picture of Leonardo da Vinci "Lady with Mornosta". For a toothy smile and a shapeless figure of the heroine, the connoisseur of painting saw the grace of the royal blood. This is evidenced by the poorly painted crown, the wedding head of a woman.
4
"Portrait of AdeliBloch-Bauer I »
Author
Gustav Klimt
Country Austria
Years of life 1862–1918
Style Modern
Gustav Klimt was born in the family of an engraver family and was the second of seven children. Three Sons of Ernest Klimt became artists, and only Gustav had become famous for the whole world. Most of the childhood he spent in poverty. After the death of his father, he was responsible for the whole family. It is at this time that climt develops his style. In front of his paintings, any viewer freezes: under thin smears of gold is clearly visible to frank eroticism.
138x136 cm
1907 year
Cost
$ 135 million
sold in 2006
on the auction Sotheby's.
The fate of the picture, which is called "Austrian Mona Liza", can easily become the basis for bestseller. The work of the artist was the cause of the conflict of a whole state and one elderly lady.
So, on the "portrait of Adeli Bloch-Bauer I" depicted an aristocrat, Ferdinand Bloch's wife. Her last will was to transfer the picture of the Austrian state gallery. However, fleas in his will canceled donation, and the canvas expropriated the Nazis. Later, the gallery hardly bought the "Golden Adel", but here the heirs appeared - Maria Altman, the niece of Ferdinand Bloch.
In 2005, the loud process of "Maria Altman against the Austrian Republic" began, following which the picture "left" with her in Los Angeles. Austria adopted unprecedented measures: there were negotiations on loans, the population sacrificed money to buy a portrait. Good and did not won evil: the price of Altman raised to $ 300 million. At the time of the proceedings, she was 79 years old, and she entered the story as a person who had changed the will of Bloch Bauer in favor of personal interests. The picture was acquired by Ronald Laoupere, the owner of the "New Gallery" in New York, where it is still in this day. Not for Austria, for him Altman lowered the price of up to $ 135 million.
5
"Creek"
Author
Edward Munk.
Country Norway
Years of life 1863–1944
Style expressionism
The first picture of the mud, which has become famous worldwide, - "Sick Girl" (exists in five copies) - devoted to the sister of the artist who deceased from tuberculosis aged 15 years. Minka has always been interested in the theme of death and loneliness. In Germany, his heavy, manic painting even provoked a scandal. However, despite the depressive plots, his paintings have special magnetism. Take at least Creek.
73,5х91 cm
1895 year
Cost
$ 119.992 million
sold B. 2012.
on the auction Sotheby's.
The full name of the picture is der Schrei Der Natur (translated from the German - "Creek of Nature"). The person is whether the person is, or aliens expressing despair and panic - the same emotion is experiencing a viewer when looking at the picture. One of the key works of expressionism warns the themes that have become acute in the art of the XX century. According to one of the versions, the artist created it under the influence of mental disorder, who suffered all his life.
The picture twice was stolen from different museums, but it was returned. The resulting small damage after theft "Creek" was renovated, and he was again ready to show at the Mill Museum in 2008. For representatives of the pop culture, the work became a source of inspiration: Andy Warhol created a series of its print-copies, and the mask from the film "Creek" was made in the image and likeness of the hero of the picture.
For one plot, the Munk wrote four versions of the work: the one is in the private collection, pastels are performed. Norwegian billionaire Petter Olsen put it on auction on May 2, 2012. The buyer was Leon Black, who did not regrepresent the "cry" of the record amount. Founder of Companies Apollo Advisors, L.P. and Lion Advisors, L.P. Known by his love of art. Black is a patron of College Dartmouth, Museum of Contemporary Art, Art Center Lincoln, Metropolitan Museum of Arts. It has the largest collection of paintings of modern artists and classic masters of past centuries.
6
"Nude on the background of bust and green leaves"
Author
Pablo Picasso
Country Spain, France
Years of life 1881–1973
Style cubism
By origin, he is a Spaniard, and in spirit and place of residence - a real Frenchman. Picasso's own art studio opened in Barcelona when he was only 16 years old. Then he went to Paris and spent a majority of life there. That is why in his surname double emphasis. At the heart of the style, invented Picasso, there is a denial of opinion that the object depicted on the canvas can be considered only under one view.
130x162 cm
1932 year
Cost
$ 106.482 million
sold in 2010 year
on the auction Christie's.
During his work in Rome, the artist met Olga Khokhlov's dancer, who soon became his wife. He finished with vagrancy, moved with her to a luxurious apartment. By that time, recognition found a hero, but the marriage was destroyed. One of the most expensive paintings of the world was created almost by chance - in great love, which, as always, Picasso was short. In 1927, he was carried away by the young Marie Terez Walter (she was 17 years old, he was 45). In secret, he left his wife with his mistress in the town near Paris, where he wrote a portrait, depicting Marie Terez in the image of Daphne. The canvas acquired the New York dealer Paul Rosenberg, and in 1951 sold him Sydney F. Brouda. Spouses Brody showed a picture of the world only one day and only because the artist was 80 years old. After the death of her husband, Mrs. Brody, in March 2010, put a work on auction in the House of Christie's. For six decades, the price has grown more than 5,000 times! An unknown collector acquired her for $ 106.5 million. In 2011, "Exhibition of One Pattern" took place in Britain, where she saw the light of the second time, but the name of the owner is still unknown.
7
"Eight Elvis"
Author
Andy Warhole
Country USA
Years of life 1928-1987
Style
pop Art
"Sex and parties are the only places where you need to appear with your own person," said the cult artist Pop Art, director, one of the founders of the InterView magazine, designer Andy Warhol. He worked with Vogue and Harper`s Bazaar, drawing up the cover of the records, came up with shoes for I.miller. In the 1960s, pictures of America symbols appeared: Campbell`s soup and Coca-Cola, Presley and Monroe - made it legend.
358x208 cm
1963 year
Cost
$ 100 million
sold in 2008
on private trading
Warholovsky 60s - so called Pop Art's era in America. In 1962, he worked in Manhattan in the Studio "Factory", where all Bohemia New York gathered. Its bright representatives: Mick Jagger, Bob Dylan, Trueman Hood and other person known in the world. At the same time, Warhol tried silkographic technology - a multiple repeat of one image. He used this method and when creating "eight Elvis": the spectator seems to see the frames from the movie, where the star comes to life. There is everything that the artist loved so much: the win-win public image, the silver color and the premonition of death as the main promise.
There are two art dealers promoting the work of Warhol on the world market today: Larry Gagosyan and Alberto Morbai. The first in 2008 spent 200 million dollars to acquire more than 15 works of Warhol. The second buys and sells his paintings as christmas cards, only more expensive. But not they, and the modest French art consultant Philip Segalo helped the Roman connoisseur of the art of Annibal Berlingheri to sell the unknown buyer "Eight Elvis" for a record for Warhol - $ 100 million.
8
"Orange,red Yellow"
Author
Mark Rotko
Country USA
Years of life 1903–1970
Style Abstract expressionism
One of the creators of painting the color field was born in Dvinsk, Russia (now - Daugavpils, Latvia), in a large family of the Jewish pharmacist. In 1911, they emigrated to the United States. Rotko studied at the Art Faculty of Yale University, achieved scholarships, but the anti-Semitic sentiments forced him to leave his studies. In spite of everything, the art criticism of the artist was guarded, and museums pursued all his life.
206x236 cm
1961 year
cost
$ 86,882 million
sold in 2012
on the auction Christie's.
The first artistic experiments of Rotko were a surrealistic orientation, but over time he simplified the plot to color spots by depriving them of any object. At first they had bright shades, and in the 1960s they poured brown, violet, thickening to black to the time of the death of the artist. Mark Rotko warned against the search for any meaning in his paintings. The author wanted to say exactly what said: Only a color dissolving in the air, and nothing more. He recommended looking at the work from a distance of 45 cm so that the viewer "delayed" in color, as in a funnel. Caution: Looking for all the rules can lead to the effect of meditation, that is, gradually come to the awareness of infinity, complete immersion in itself, relaxation, cleansing. The color in his paintings lives, breathes and has a strongest emotional impact (they say, sometimes healing). The artist stated: "The viewer should cry, looking at them," and such cases were indeed. On the theory of Rotko, at this moment people live the same spiritual experience as he in the process of working on the picture. If you managed to understand it on such a thin level, then you will not be surprised that these works of abstraction criticism often compare with icons.
The work "Orange, Red, Yellow" expresses the whole essence of painting Mark Rothko. Its initial cost at Christie's auction in New York 35-45 million dollars. An unknown buyer offered a price twice as exceeding Estimate. The name of the happy painting owner, as it often happens, not disclosed.
9
"Triptych"
Author
Francis Bacon
Country
Great Britain
Years of life 1909–1992
Style expressionism
The adventures of Francis Beckon, a complete namesake and besides a long descendant of the Great Philosopher, began when the Father renounced him, unable to accept the homosexual tendencies of the Son. Bacon went first to Berlin, then to Paris, and then his traces are confused throughout Europe. During his life, his work was exhibited in leading cultural centers of the world, among which the Guggenheim Museum and the Tretyakov Gallery.
147,5х198 cm (each)
1976
Cost
$ 86.2 million
sold in 2008
on the auction Sotheby's.
Prestigious museums sought to possess paintings of Bekon, but the primary English audience was in no hurry to survive on such art. The legendary Prime Minister of British Margaret Thatcher talked about him: "A person who draws these horrific paintings."
The starting period in his work, the artist himself considered post-war time. Returning from service, he again engaged in painting and created the main masterpieces. Before the participation of Triptych, 1976 in the auction of the most expensive work of Bacon was "Etude to the portrait of Pope Innokentia X" ($ 52.7 million). In Triptykh, 1976, the artist depicted a mythical plot of the persecution of Oresta Fury. Of course, Orest is Bacon himself, and Furi is his torment. For more than 30 years, the picture was in the private collection and did not participate in exhibitions. This fact gives it a special value and, accordingly, increases cost. But what is a few million for a connoisseur of art, and even in Russian generous? Roman Abramovich began to create his collection in the 1990s, the girlfriend Dasha Zhukov had significantly affected him, which became a fashionable gallery in modern Russia. According to unofficial data, in the personal ownership of the businessman, there are works by Alberto Dzhacometti and Pablo Picasso, bought for amounts exceeding $ 100 million. In 2008, he became the owner of Triptych. By the way, in 2011 another valuable work of Bekon was acquired - "Three sketches to the portrait of Lucien Freud". Hidden sources say that Roman Arkadyevich again became the buyer.
10
"Pond with water lily"
Author
Claude Monet
Country France
Years of life 1840–1926
Style impressionism
The artist is recognized by the ancestor of impressionism, "patented" this method in its canvases. The first significant work was the painting "Breakfast on the grass" (the original version of the work of Edward Mane). In his youth, he painted caricatures, and a real painting took up during his travels along the coast and outdoors. In Paris, he led the bohemian lifestyle and did not leave him even after the service in the army.
210x100 cm
1919 year
Cost
$ 80.5 million
sold in 2008
on the auction Christie's.
In addition to the fact that Monet was a great artist, he also enthusiastically engaged in gardening, adored living nature and flowers. In his landscapes, the state of nature is lightly, items as if blurred by air movement. The impression is enhanced by large smears, from a certain distance they become imperceptible and merge into a textured, three-dimensional image. In the painting of late Monet, the topic of water and life in it occupies a special place. In the town of Giverni, the artist was his own pond, where he grown pita from seeds, specially brought from Japan. When their flowers bloomed, he searched to drawing. A series of "Sweets" consists of 60 works that the artist wrote for almost 30 years to death. His vision has deteriorated with age, but he did not stop. Depending on the wind, the time of year and the weather, the pond has constantly changed, these changes wanted to capture Monet. Through thorough work towards him, an understanding of the essence of nature came. Some of the shells of the series are stored in the leading galleries of the world: the National Museum of Western Art (Tokyo), Orangery (Paris). The version of the next "pond with water lily" went into the hands of an unknown buyer for a record amount.
11
False Star t.
Author
Jasper Jones
Country USA
Year of birth 1930
Style pop Art
In 1949, Jones entered the Design School in New York. Along with Jackson Pollock, Willem de Cunning and others, he is recognized as one of the main artists of the 20th century. In 2012, he received the "Presidential Medal of Freedom" - the highest civilian award of the United States.
137.2х170.8 cm
1959
Cost
$ 80 million
sold in 2006
on private trading
Like Marseille Dushan, Jones worked with real objects, depicting them on canvas and in sculpture in full accordance with the original. For their work, he used simple and understandable items: a beer bottle, flag or card. The False Start picture has no clear composition. The artist as if plays with the audience, often "wrong" signing colors in the picture, turning the concept of color itself: "I wanted to find a way to portray color so that it can be determined by some other method." His most explosive and "durable in himself", according to critics, the picture was acquired by an unknown buyer.
12
"Sittingnude on the sofa"
Author
Amedeo Modiganiani
Country Italy, France
Years of life 1884–1920
Style expressionism
Moodigaliani often sick since childhood, during a feverish nonsense, he recognized his designer of the artist. He studied painting in Livorno, Florence, Venice, and in 1906 he went to Paris, where his art flourished.
65x100 cm
1917 year
Cost
$ 68,962 million
sold in 2010 year
on the auction Sotheby's.
In 1917, Modigliani met 19-year-old Jeanne Ebutern, who became his model, and then his wife. In 2004, one of her portraits was sold for $ 31.3 million, which became the last record before selling "Sitting Nude on the Sofa" in 2010. The picture acquired an unknown buyer for the maximum for Modigliani at the moment the price. Active sales of work began only after the death of the artist. He died in a poverty, sick tuberculosis, and the next day she committed with him and Zhanna Ebutern, who stayed on the ninth month of pregnancy.
13
"Eagle on the pine"
Author
Qi Bayshi.
Country China
Years of life 1864–1957
Style Gokhua
Interest in calligraphy led Qi Baisha to painting. At the age of 28, he became a student of the artist Hu Zinyuan. The Ministry of Culture of China appropriated to him the title of "Great Artist of the Chinese People", in 1956 he received an international award of the world.
10x26 cm
1946
Cost
$ 65.4 million
sold in 2011
on the auction China Guardian.
Qi Bayshi was interested in those manifestations of the surrounding world, which many do not give values, and in this his greatness. A man without education became a professor and an outstanding creator in history. Pablo Picasso spoke about him: "I'm afraid to go to your country, because in China there are Qi Baisha." The composition "Eagle on a pine" is recognized as the largest work of the artist. In addition to the canvas, it includes two hieroglyphic scrolls. For China, the amount for which the work was bought, represents a record - 425.5 million yuan. Only a scroll of an ancient calligrapher Juan Tinjiang was sold for 436.8 million.
14
"1949-A-№1"
Author
Clifford Still
Country USA
Years of life 1904–1980
Style Abstract expressionism
At the age of 20, I visited the Metropolitan Museum in New York and was disappointed. Later, he was signed up for the course of the student league of the arts, but left 45 minutes after the start of the classes - it turned out to be "not it." The first personal exhibition caused a resonance, the artist found himself, and with this recognition
79x93 cm
1949 year
Cost
$ 61.7 million
sold in 2011
on the auction Sotheby's.
All their works, and this is more than 800 canvases and 1600 works on paper, the stylist won the American city, where the museum of his name will be opened. Denver became such a city, but only construction was expensive to the authorities, and for its completion, four works were put up for auction. The works of Stille are unlikely to participate in the auction ever yet, which advanced their price in advance. The painting "1949-A-No.1" was sold for a record for the artist, although the experts predicted the sale of 25-35 million dollars.
15
"Suprematic composition"
Author
Kazimir Malevich
Country Russia
Years of life 1878–1935
Style suprematism
Malevich learned painting in the Kiev Art School, then at the Moscow Academy of Arts. In 1913, he began to write abstract-geometric paintings in style, which called Suprematism (from Lat. "Dominance").
71x 88.5 cm
1916
Cost
$ 60 million
sold in 2008
on the auction Sotheby's.
In the urban museum Amsterdam, the picture was kept about 50 years old, but after a 17-year-old dispute with Malevich's relatives, the Museum gave her. The artist wrote this job in one year with the "Manifesto of Suprematism", so Sotheby`s was announced before the bid, it would not go to the private collection in a private collection. So it happened. It is better to look at it: the shapes on the canvas resemble the view of the Earth from the air. By the way, a few years earlier, the same relatives exproprical from Moma Museum another "Suprematic composition" to sell it at Phillips auction for $ 17 million.
16
"Buckles"
Author
Paul Gajen
Country France
Years of life 1848–1903
Style Postpressionism
Up to seven years, the artist lived in Peru, then with his family returned to France, but children's memories constantly pushed him to travel. In France, he began writing paints, was friends with Van Gogh. He even spent several months with him in Arles, until Van Gogh during a quarrel cut off his ear.
93,4х60.4 cm
1902 year
cost
$ 55 million
sold in 2005
on the auction Sotheby's.
In 1891, Gauguen arranged to sell his paintings to go deep into the island of Tahiti to the reversed money. There he created work in which the fine relationship of nature and man is felt. Gogen lived in a straw hut, and a tropical paradise flourished on his canvases. His wife became the 13-year-old Tahitiankah tehra, which did not prevent the artist to join disorderls. Illness syphilis, he left for France. However, Mogen was closely, and he returned to Tahiti. This period is called "Second Taitian" - it was then that the picture of the "swimsters" was written, one of the most luxurious in his work.
17
"Narcissus and a tablecloth in blue and pink tones"
Author
Henri Matisse
Country France
Years of life 1869–1954
Style Fovisov
In 1889, Henri Matisse had an attack of appendicitis. When he was recovered from the operation, the mother bought him paints. At first, Matisse from boredom copied color postcards, then - the works of great painters, which saw in the Louvre, and at the beginning of the 20th century came up with a style - Formism.
65.2x81 cm
1911
Cost
$ 46.4 million
sold in 2009
on the auction Christie's.
The picture "Narcissus and a tablecloth in blue and pink tones" for a long time belonged to Iva Saint-Laurent. After the death of Kuturier, his whole collection of art has moved into his friend's hands and lover Pierre Berez, who decided to set it at Christie's auction. The pearl of the sold collection was the painting "Narcissus and a tablecloth in blue and pink tones", written on an ordinary tablecloth instead of canvas. As a sample of foxism, it is filled with color energy, paints seem to explode and shout. From the famous series of paintings written on the tablecloth, today this work is the only one, which is in the private collection.
18
"Sleeping girl"
Author
RoyLie
khtenstein
Country USA
Years of life 1923–1997
Style pop Art
The artist was born in New York, and graduating from school, went to Ohio, where he went to art courses. In 1949, Liechtenstein received a master's degree in elegant arts. Interest in comics and the ability to ironize the cult artist of the last century.
91x91 cm
1964
Cost
$ 44,882 million
sold in 2012
on the auction Sotheby's.
One day a chewing gum hit Liechtenstein. He redraged the picture from the liner on the canvas and became famous. In this plot from his biography, the entire pop art mission is concluded: consumption is a new god, and in the candy from Zhwachka no less beauty than in Mont Lisa. His paintings resemble comics and cartoons: Liechtenstein simply increased the finished image, drawing the rasters, used stencil printing and silk screen. The picture "Sleeping Girl" belonged for almost 50 years to collectors Beatris and Philip Pearrs, whose heirs sold it at auction.
19
"Victory. Boogie Woogie"
Author
Pete Mondrian
Country Netherlands
Years of life 1872–1944
Style Neolasticism
His true last name - Cornelis - the artist changed to Mondrian, when in 1912 he moved to Paris. Together with the artist Teo Vann Dusburg founded the movement "Nexousticism". In honor of Mondrian, the Piet programming language is named.
27x127 cm
1944
cost
$ 40 million
sold in 1998.
on the auction Sotheby's.
The most "musical" from the artists of the 20th century earned a living by watercolor still lifes, although it became famous for a neoplastic artist. In the US, moved in the 1940s and spent there the remainder of life. Jazz and New York - this is what inspired him most! Picture "Victory. Bogi-Vuy "is the best example of this. "Branded" neat squares were obtained due to the use of sticky tape - Mondrian's favorite material. In America, he was called the "most famous immigrant." In the sixties, Yves Saint Laurent released the Mondrian dresses known to the whole world with a print into a large color cell.
20
"Composition number 5"
Author
BasilKandinsky
Country Russia
Years of life 1866–1944
Style avant-garde
The artist was born in Moscow, and his father was from Siberia. After the revolution, he tried to cooperate with the Soviet power, but soon realized that the laws of the proletariat were not created for him, and was not emigrated to Germany without difficulties.
275x190 cm
1911
cost
$ 40 million
sold in 2007.
on the auction Sotheby's.
Kandinsky one of the first completely refused the subject painting, for which he received the title of genius. During Nazism in Germany, his paintings were attributed to "degenerative art" and have not been exhibited anywhere. In 1939, Kandinsky adopted French citizenship, he participated in the artistic process in Paris. His paintings "sound", as if the Fugue, so many were called "compositions" (the first was written in 1910, the latter - in 1939). "Composition number 5" is one of the key works in this genre: "The word" composition "sounded for me as a prayer," said the artist. Unlike many followers, he planned what would depict on a huge canvas, as if wrote notes.
21
"Etude Women in Blue"
Author
Fernian Leo
Country France
Years of life 1881–1955
Style cubism-postpressionism
Legeway received architectural education, and then he was a listener of the school of elegant arts in Paris. The artist considered himself the follower of Cezanna, was an apologist of the cubism, and in the XX century he was also successful as a sculptor.
96,5х129.5 cm
1912-1913 year
Cost
$ 39.2 million
sold in 2008
on the auction Sotheby's.
David Norman, president of the International Department of Impressionism and Modernism Sotheby`s, considers a huge amount paid for the "lady in blue", quite justified. The picture belongs to the famous lesion collection (the artist wrote three pictures on one plot, in private hands today - the last one. - Ed. Ed.), And the surface of the canvas is preserved in pristine. The author himself gave this job to the gallery of Der Sturm, then she fell into the Hermann Lang collection, the German Gatherers of Modernism, and now belongs to an unknown buyer.
22
"Street scene. Berlin"
Author
Ernst LudwigKirchner
Country Germany
Years of life 1880–1938
Style expressionism
For German expressionism, Kirchner became a sign person. However, local authorities accused him of commitment to "degenerative art", which tragically affected the fate of his paintings and in the life of the artist who committed suicide in 1938.
95x121 cm
1913 year
cost
$ 38,096 million
sold in 2006
on the auction Christie's.
After moving to Berlin, Kirchner created 11 sketches of street scenes. He was inspired by the turmoil and nervousness of a big city. In the film sold in 2006 in New York, an alarming state of the artist is particularly acute: people in Berlin Street resemble birds - elegant and dangerous. She became the last work from the famous series sold at the auction, the rest are stored in museums. In 1937, the Nazis were cruelly dealt with Kirchner: 639 of his works were withdrawn from German galleries, destroyed or sold abroad. The artist could not survive this.
23
"Recreationdancer"
Author
Edgar Degas
Country France
Years of life 1834–1917
Style impressionism
The history of Degi as an artist began with the fact that he worked as a copywriter in Louvre. He dreamed of becoming "famous and unknown," and eventually it was possible. At the end of the life, the deaf and dazzle 80-year-old degas continued to attend exhibitions and auctions.
64x59 cm
1879 year
cost
$ 37,043 million
sold in 2008
on the auction Sotheby's.
"Ballerina has always been for me only a pretext to portray fabrics and grab the movement," said Degas. Plots from the life of dancers as if peeped: girls are not posted by an artist, but just become part of the atmosphere caught a look of Degas. The "resting dancer" was sold for $ 28 million in 1999, and in less than 10 years they bought it for 37 million - today it is the most expensive work of the artist, ever put up for auction. Much's attention was paid to Ramam, he himself designed them and banned them. I wonder what kind of frame is installed on a sold picture?
24
"Painting"
Author
Juan Miro.
Country Spain
Years of life 1893–1983
Style abstract art
During the Civil War in Spain, the artist was on the side of the Republicans. In 1937, he ran from fascist power to Paris, where he lived in a poverty with his family. During this period, Miro writes the picture "Help Spain!", Paying attention to the whole world on the dominance of fascism.
89x115 cm
1927 year
Cost
$ 36.824 million
sold in 2012
on the auction Sotheby's.
The second name of the picture is the "Blue Star". The artist wrote it in the same year when he announced: "I want to kill painting" and mercilessly mocked the canvas, scratching paint with nails, gluing to the canvas of feathers, covering work with garbage. His goal was to debunk myths about the sacrament of painting, but, coping with this, Miro created his own myth - surrealistic abstraction. His "painting" refers to the cycle of "Snowstice". At the auction, four buyers were fighting for her, but one phone call incognito solved the dispute, and "painting" became the most expensive picture of the artist.
25
"Blue Rose"
Author
Yves Klein
Country France
Years of life 1928–1962
Style Monochrome painting
The artist was born in the family of painters, but he studied oriental, seafarers, the Crafts of the Golden Ram, Zen-Buddhism and a lot. His personality and cheeky tricks were at times more interesting in monochrome paintings.
153x199x16 cm
1960.
Cost
$ 36,779 million
sold in 2012
At Christie's auction
The first exhibition of monophonic yellow, orange, pink work did not cause interest among the public. Klein was offended and the next time I presented 11 identical canvas stained with ultramarine interspersed with a special synthetic resin. He even patented this method. In history, the color entered as the "International Blue Color of Klein". Another artist sold the emptiness, created pictures, substituting the paper for the rain, setting on the cardboard, making on the canvas of the human body imprint. In a word, experimented as he could. To create a "blue rose" used dry pigments, resins, pebbles and a natural sponge.
26
"In search of Moses"
Author
Sir Lawrence Alma Tadema
Country Great Britain
Years of life 1836–1912
Style Neoclassicism
The prefix "Alma" to his surname Sir Lawrence added himself to be the first in the artistic directories. In the Victorian England, his paintings were so claimed that the artist was assigned the knightly rank.
213,4х136.7 cm
1902 year
Cost
$ 35.922 million
sold in 2011
on the auction Sotheby's.
The main theme of the creativity of the Alma Tadema was antiquity. In the pictures, he tried in the smallest details to portray the Epoch of the Roman Empire, for this even engaged in archaeological excavations on the Apenninsky Peninsula, and in his London house reproduced the historical interior of those years. Mythological plots have become another source of inspiration for him. The artist was extremely in demand during his lifetime, but after death he quickly forgot. Now interest is reborn, as the cost of the picture "In Search of Moses", seven times, exceeding the pre-sale estimate.
27
"Portrait of sleeping nude official"
Author
Lucien Freud.
Country Germany,
Great Britain
Years of life 1922–2011
Style Figurative painting
The artist is grandson Sigmund Freud, father of psychoanalysis. After establishing fascism in Germany, his family emigrated to the UK. The works of Freud are located in the London Museum "Meeting of Wallace", where no modern artist was previously exhibited.
219.1х151.4 cm
1995.
Cost
$ 33.6 million
sold in 2008
on the auction Christie's.
While fashion artists of the 20th century created positive "color stains on the wall" and sold them for millions, Freud wrote extremely naturalistic paintings and sold them even more expensive. "I capture the shouts of the soul and suffering fading flesh," he said. Critics believe that all this "inheritance" Sigmund Freud. The paintings were so actively exhibited and successfully sold that specialists had a question of doubt: did they have hypnotic properties? The "Portrait of Sleeping Nude Official" auction, according to the Sun edition, acquired a connoisseur of the beautiful and billionaire Roman Abramovich.
28
"Violin and guitar"
Author
H.uan Gras.
Country Spain
Years of life 1887–1927
Style cubism
Born in Madrid, where he graduated from school art and crafts. In 1906, he moved to Paris and entered the circle of the most influential artists of the era: Picasso, Modigliani, Marriage, Matisse, Lyzh, also worked with Sergey Dyagilev and his troupe.
5x100 cm
1913 year
Cost
$ 28,642 million
sold in 2010 year
on the auction Christie's.
GRIA, according to his own words, was engaged in "plane, color architecture." His paintings are precisely thought out: he did not leave a single random smear, which relates creativity with geometry. The artist created his version of the cubism, although Pablo Picasso, the founder of the direction very much respected. The successor was even dedicated to him his first job in the style of cubism "Tribute to Picasso." The painting "Violin and Guitar" is recognized as outstanding in the work of the artist. During the lifetime, Gras was known, clinically critics and art historians. His works are exhibited in the world's largest museums, stored in private collections.
29
"PortraitElouar fields »
Author
Salvador Dali
Country Spain
Years of life 1904–1989
Style surrealism
"Surrealism is me," said Dali, when he was excluded from the group of surrealists. Over time, he became the most famous surrealist artist. Creativity was given everywhere, and not just in the galleries. For example, it came up with a packaging for Chupa-Chupa.
25x33 cm
1929 year
Cost
$ 20.6 million
sold in 2011
on the auction Sotheby's.
In 1929, visit the Great Provocator and Scandalist Dali came the poet Paul Eluro with his Russian wife Galo. The meeting was the beginning of the history of love that lasted more than half a century. The picture "Portrait of the Eloire Field" is written just during this historic visit. "I felt that I was charged with a duty to capture the Poet's face, with the Olymp of which I kidnapped one of the music," the artist said. Before acquaintance with Galo, he was a virgin and experienced disgust with thought about sex with a woman. The love triangle existed before the death of Eluar, after which he became a duet Dali Gala.
30
"Anniversary"
Author
Mark Shagal
Country Russia, France
Years of life 1887–1985
Style Avangard
Moisha Segal was born in Vitebsk, but in 1910 he emigrated to Paris, replaced the name, became close to the leading avant-gardists of the era. In the 1930s, when capturing the authorities, the fascists went to the United States with the help of the American Consul. Returned to France only in 1948.
80x103 cm
1923
Cost
$ 14.85 million
sold in 1990
at Sotheby's auction
The picture "Anniversary" is recognized as one of the best works of the artist. It has all the features of his creativity: the physical laws of the world have erased, the feeling of fairy tales in the scenery of the Meshchansky life remains, and in the center of the plot - love. Chagall did not draw people from nature, but only in memory or fantasizing. In the picture "Anniversary" captured by the artist with his wife Bel. The picture was sold in 1990 and since then did not participate in the auction. Interestingly, in the New York Moma Museum Moma is absolutely the same, only called "Birthday". By the way, she was written before - in 1915.
project prepared
Tatyana Palaceov
rating made up
by list www.art-spb.ru.
magazine TMN №13.
(May-June 2013)
If you think that all the great artists remained in the past, then you can not even imagine how much you are mistaken. In this article you will learn about the most famous and talented artists of our time. And believe me, their work will be in your memory no less deeply than the work of the maestro from the past eras.
Wojciech Babski.
Wojca Babski is a modern Polish artist. He graduated from studying at the Silesian Polytechnic Institute, but also related to. Recently draws, mostly women. Focusing on the manifestation of emotions, seeks to get as much effect as possible by simple means.
Loves color, but often uses shades of black and gray to achieve the best impression. It is not afraid to experiment with different new technicians. Recently, increasingly gaining popularity abroad, mainly in the UK, where with success sells its works, which can already be found in many private collections. In addition to art, it is interested in cosmology and philosophy. Listens to jazz. Currently lives and works in the city of Katowice.
Warren Chang.
Warren Chang is a modern American artist. Born in 1957 and grew up in Monteree, California, with honors graduated from the College of Design Art Center in Pasaden in 1981, where he received a bachelor's degree in fine arts in the area. Over the next two decades, he worked as an illustrator for various companies in California and New York, before in 2009 to start a career of a professional artist.
Its realistic paintings can be divided into two main categories: biographical interior pictures and paintings depicting working people. His interest in such a manner of painting goes its roots to the artist of the 16th century artist Jan Vermeer, and applies to objects, self-portraits, portraits of family members, friends, students, studio interiors, class and houses. His goal is to create mood and emotions in their realistic paintings using the manipulation of light and the use of muffled colors.
Chang became known after the transition to traditional visual art. Over the past 12 years, he earned a lot of awards and honorary titles, the most prestigious of them - Master Signature from the Association of Artists by America Oil, the largest Oil artists community in the United States. Only one person out of 50, receives the opportunity to get this award. Currently, Warren lives in Monteree and works in his studio, he also teach (known as a talented teacher) at the Academy of Arts San Francisco.
Aurelio Bruni.
Aurelio Bruni is an Italian artist. Bored in the city of Bler, October 15, 1955. He received a diploma in the specialty Scenic in the Institute of Art in Spoleto. As an artist, he is self-taught, as he "erected the house of knowledge" on the foundation laid down at school. Draw oil began at the age of 19. Currently lives and works in Umbria.
The early painting of Bruni goes its roots into surrealism, but over time he begins to focus on the proximity of lyrical romanticism and symbolism, strengthening this combination of exquisite refinement and the purity of his characters. Animate and inanimate objects acquire equal dignity and look, almost, hyperely, but, at the same time, do not hide behind the curtain, but allow you to see the essence of your soul. Multi-faceted and sophistication, sensuality and loneliness, thoughtfulness and fruitfulness are the spirit of Aurelio Bruni, feeding the magnificence of art and harmony of music.
Alekasander Balos.
Alkasander Balos is a modern Polish artist who specializes in the oil area. 1970 was born in Gliwice, Poland, but since 1989 he lives and works in the United States, in the city of Shasta, California.
As a child, he studied art under the leadership of his father Yana, self-taught and sculptor artist, therefore, from an early age, the artistic activity received full support from both parents. In 1989, at the age of eighteen, Balos left Poland in the USA, where his school teacher and part-time artist Katie Gaggliadi prompted Alkassandra to enter an art school. Then Balos received a complete university scholarship in Milwaukee Wisconsin, where he studied painting at Professor Harry Rosina philosophy.
After completing studies in 1995 and the degree of bacheloring Balos moved to Chicago to enroll in school at the School of Fine Art, whose methods are based on the work of Jacques-Louis David. Figurative realism and portrait painting constituted most of the works of Balos in the 90s and early 2000s. Today, Balos uses a human figure in order to emphasize the features and show the shortcomings of human being, without proposing, while there are no decisions.
The plot compositions of his paintings are intended to be independently interpreted by the viewer, only then the canvas will acquire their true temporary and subjective meaning. In 2005, the artist moved to Northern California, since then the subject of his work has significantly expanded and now includes more free painting methods, including abstraction and various multimedia styles, helping to express ideas and ideals of being through painting.
Alyssa Monks.
Alissa Monsx is a modern American artist. Born in 1977, in Ridgewood, New Jersey. Began to be interested in painting when she was still a child. He studied at the New School in New York and the Monkler State University, and graduating from the Boston College in 1999, received a bachelor's degree. At the same time, she studied painting at the Academy Lorenzo Medici in Florence.
Then he continued studying the program to the Master's degree in the New York Academy of Art, at the Department of Figurative Art, graduated from 2001. In 2006, she graduated from Fullerton College. For some time I lectured at universities and educational institutions across the country, taught painting in the New York Academy of Art, as well as Monkler's State University and College of the Laima Academy of Arts.
"Using filters, such as glass, vinyl, water and steam, I distort the human body. These filters make it possible to create large areas of abstract design, with eyelash-colored islands through them - parts of the human body.
My paintings are changing a modern look at the already established, traditional poses and gestures of swimming women. They could tell a lot to the attentive viewer about such, it would seem, of course, as well as the use of swimming, dancing, and so on. My characters are pressed against the glass window of the shower cabin, distorting his own body, realizing that there are thereby affect the notorious male look at the naked woman. Thick layers of paint are mixed so that from afar to imitate glass, pair, water and flesh. However, the amazing physical properties of oil paint are becoming obvious. Experimenting with layers of paint and color, I find the moment when abstract strokes are becoming something else.
When I just started drawing a human body, I was immediately fascinated and even became obsessed and thought that I had to make my paintings as realistic as possible. I "confessed" realism until he began to unravel and open contradictions in herself. Now I am investigating the possibilities and potential of the letter manner, where there are representative painting and abstraction - if both styles can coexist in the same time, I will do it. "
Antonio Finelli.
Italian artist - " Observer of Time"- Antonio Finelli was born on February 23, 1985. Currently lives and works in Italy between Rome and Campobasso. His works were exhibited in several galleries in Italy and abroad: Rome, Florence, Novara, Genoa, Palermo, Istanbul, Ankara, New York, can also be found in private and state collections.
Pencil drawings " Time observer"Antonio Phinelli send us to an eternal journey through the inner world of human template and associated with a scrupulous analysis of this world, the main element of which is to pass through the time and the traces applied to them.
Finelli writes portraits of people of any age, gender and nationality, the expressions of whose persons testify to passing through time, the artist hopes to find evidence of the mercability of time on the bodies of their characters. Antonio determines its works by one, common name: "Self-portrait", because in his pencil drawings, he does not simply depict a person, but allows the viewer to contemplate the real results of the passage of time inside a person.
Flaminia Carloni.
Flaming Karloni is an Italian artist 37th, daughter of a diplomat. She has three children. Twelve years lived in Rome, three years in England and France. Received a diploma in the field of art history at the School of Art BD. Then he received a diploma in the specialty restorer works of art. Before finding your calling and completely devote yourself to painting, she worked as a journalist, colorist, designer, actress.
The passion for painting in Flaming has arisen in childhood. Its main environment is oil, because she loves "Coiffer La Pate" and also play with the material. Similar equipment, she learned in the works of the artist Pascal Torya. Flaming is inspired by great masters of painting, such as Baltuse, Hopper, and Francois Legran, as well as various artistic movements: Street Art, Chinese Realism, Surrealism and Realization of the Renaissance. Her favorite artist Caravaggio. Her dream to open the therapeutic force of art.
Denis Chernov.
Denis Chernov is a talented Ukrainian artist, born in 1978 in Sambor, Lviv region, Ukraine. After the end of the Kharkov Art School in 1998, he remained in Kharkov, where he currently lives and works. He also studied at the Kharkiv State Academy of Design and Arts, the Department of Chart, graduated from it in 2004.
It regularly participates in art exhibitions, at the moment they took place more than sixty, both in Ukraine and abroad. Most of the works of Denis Chernov are stored in private collections in Ukraine, Russia, Italy, England, Spain, Greece, France, USA, Canada and Japan. Some works were sold to Christis.
Denis works in a wide range of graphic and scenic techniques. Paintings with a pencil - one of the most beloved methods of painting, the list of topics of his pencil drawings is also very diverse, he writes landscapes, portraits, nude, genre compositions, books illustrations, literary and historical reconstruction and fantasy.
By the middle of the 19th century, the landscape becomes a dominant genre of American painting. Many artists of that time are united into the Gudson River School group, which included more than 50 landscape players of the two generations.
The most famous American landscape artist of those years can be considered Thomas Cowla (1801-1848),
born in England and moved at age 17 with parents to America. He studied painting in a stray artist, was self-taught, he traveled a lot around the country, visited England and Italy,
But the American nature considered much more picturesque than European.
The closest to the manner of Cowla was his friend Escher Duran (1796-1886), starting like a schedule,
But after traveling with a friend in the mountains of America, he was carried away by the scenery, he painted a lot from nature.
This picture, the artist wrote in memory of the deceased friend, at auction in 2007, 35 million dollars were paid for it.
One of the central figures in the Hudson River School was Frederick Edwin ChurchAlready in 18 years old became a student of Cool.
From spring to autumn, he traveled around the country and the world,
First, one, and then with his family, often on foot, made sketches, and in the winter painted his big bright paintings and successfully sold them.
Albert Birstadt (1830-1902) Also a lot traveled around the country and in Europe, I willingly painted the Alps, but the Rocky Mountains were real love,
Wild West, Indians.
He managed to pass this love on his large canvases, masterfully using the effect of light and shadow.
Thomas Moran (1836-1926), I emigrated with my parents from England, a teenager worked as a teenager for a wood cutter, early began to draw landscapes.
A great influence during study in England, William Turner, his ability to fill its canvas with light.
Moran draws landscapes of England, Venice views,
but most of his works are devoted to the wild West and their favorite rocky mountains. His participation in the research expedition to these places and its drawings contributed to the transformation of Yelouston to the National Park.
John Frederick Kensett (1816-1872), a representative of "Lineism" * in American landscape painting "School of the Hudson River". He received his first art education at his father, working in his engraving workshop, but dreamed of writing landscapes.
He goes to England, then to France, admires the Dutch and English landscape painting, travels in Italy.
Returning to America, continuing to write calm, filled with clean light and made in an exquisite landscape manner, Kensett is becoming popular with collectors, success and wealth.
John F. Francis (1808 -1906), self-taught artist, starting as a portraitist, is known for his still lifes.
It was the portrait painting that awakened interest in small details in him, which he so successfully developed in his works.
Still life was popular at the time, Francis's paintings were in demand, he became a leading artist in the genre of "table" still life, depicting fruits, nuts, cheese, cookies and other products.
Martin Johnson Hid. (1819-1904), Born in the storekeeper's family, began, too, as a portraitist, supported friendly relations with the artists of the "Hudson River School" and wrote Romantic Seascapes,
Traveled in Europe, I was struck by the American shores. After trips to tropics, Florida landscapes became the main topics of his works,
Tropical birds (only with the hummingbirds about 40 paintings) and flowers, especially magnolia.
He did not become a recognized and famous artist in life, but today his work can be found in the largest museums, and sometimes even in garages and flea markets.
Thomas Ikins (1844-1916), one of the founders of realistic direction, painter, schedule, sculptor, photographer, teacher,
One of the first to appeal to the image of the city of America. He was educated in Philadelphia, continued him in Paris, traveled in Europe, admired the works of Spanish masters of realisti velasquez and ribers, the effect of light and shadow in Rembrandt.
It was for them that he learned to portray the naked body in motion, the drama of what is happening, to oppose the dark interior in the portrait of the intense light aimed at face and figure.
Under the life of Ikins, he did not receive great recognition, but later the descendants appreciated his realistic style.
Winslow Homer (1838-1910), an outstanding American paint-landscape and engraver, who worked in a realistic style.
He received an initial artistic education from the mother who wrote talented watercolors from her, he inherited the volitional sociability and sense of humor. He began his career from graphics, worked as an illustrator for 20 years, during the Civil War made sketches and drawings about the war and its consequences, on the basis of which later created pictures.
Shortly after the war, Homer goes to Paris, continues to write landscapes and scenes of urban life, his work close to the barbizon school. Although he uses the actively game of light in his paintings, characteristic of impressionists, there is no evidence of their influence on his work, he has already developed its independent style by that time.
The greatest fame was brought pictures of marine subjects,
Scenes from rural life, and from a trip to England he brought paintings, talking about the life of fishing villages, sea landscapes and watercolors.
He travels a lot in the United States and Central America, drawing tropical and snowy landscapes, children and animals. It is believed that Homer was one of the generation of those artists who created their own artistic American school.
James Whistler (1834-1903), born in the family of the famous engineer,
In the eight of the age, he moved with his parents to St. Petersburg, where his father was invited to work in the management of the railway. There, the young Whistler first took private drawing lessons, and at the age of 11 he entered the Imperial Academy of Arts. For some time he lived in London with her mother, continuing to learn art, draw and collect books about painting.
After the death of the father's cholera, the Whistler family returned to America, lived modestly, and he entered the Military Academy in West-Point, but neither physically, nor externally, neither he was ready for a military career and was deducted. At the same time, he firmly decided that art would be his future, began to create etchings, went to Paris and never returned to his homeland. There, Whistler rented a studio in the Latin Quarter, led a bohemian life, smoked a lot and drank, but also wrote copies from the pictures of great masters in the Louvre for earnings, studied art, worshiped Kurba and Coro, admired Japanese graphics and in general oriental art.
After moving to London and successful participation in the exhibition, Whistler soon made his name not only as an artist, but also acquired many friends in the environment of artists and writers due to his wit, the ability to dress and generosity. He traveled a lot to study the work of great masters and writing paintings, since 1869 began to sign his pictures of a monogram-butterfly, consisting of his initials.
His favorite flowers are gray, black and brown. Whistler preached "Art for the sake of art", pure, not burdened with ideas, resulting in artistic feelings, not emotions, and often gave their paintings musical names.
It is believed that he was close to impressionism in the mood in his paintings, but not in color scheme and light effects.
In the proposed slideshow you can see more pictures of all the artists mentioned.
Finally, I went to my favorite topic - "Impressionists", but this is the next time. To be continued.
* Lulinate - Direction in American landscape painting, is characterized by saturation with light, using the air perspective and concealing visible smears. (
"Books give me a huge sense of personal and creative satisfaction. When I work on a book, I wish the phone to never call. My satisfaction comes from real traces on paper."
American illustrator of children's books Pinkney Jerry was born on December 22, 1939 in Germantown. In high school, his love and talent for drawing was seen by the caricaturist of John Liney, who offered him to continue his artist's career. After the end of Dobbins Vocational School Pinkney received a complete scholars for learning in Philadelphia Museum College of Art. Later he moved to Boston, where he worked in the design and illustration, in the end he opened his own studio - Jerry Pinkney Studio, and later moved to New York. Pinkney Jerry still lives and works in New York, during the years of his creative career he held seminars at the university, schools - arts throughout the country.
"I wanted to show what Afro can make an American artist in this country at the national level in the visual art. I want to be a strong role-playing model for my family and for other African Americans."
