"Acting faces" Talk Show. Secret folder

Blood voice. Apple from apple tree. UNIT OF SOCIETY. Every
We studied from all these concepts with all
Stew Family thought, following the lion Tolstoy, did not give
We have peace. We found relatives of those who introduced into Russian
Use of the concept of "intelligentsia" and diagnosed with Lenin,
Built the road of life and bequeathed the Hermitage collection
Lulletes of the Dutch. Scientists, actors, cosmonauts, TVURE-
Sheets, musicians and deputy of the State Duma speak Thank you
Parents - in the pedagogical poem of the magazine "Dog.ru".
Texts: Vitaly Kotov, Vadim Chernov, Svetlana Polyakova,
Sergey Minenko, Sergey Isaev

Faith and Zinaida Kurbatov

Grandmother and granddaughter of Academician Likhachev did not become scientists
But they founded their own dynasty - television journalists.

Zinaida: In our family they spoke like this: to whom it gives a lot, with that many asks. And in childhood I did not have a second extra. If I brought four, my grandmother asked: "Why not five?" I did not watch the TV, did not walk in the courtyard, but I studied in english school, walked to the French tutor, was engaged in music and drawing. Sometimes the sports sections were added to this. But their grandfather did not encourage him, he was a man Silver centuryWhen the sport was considered a waste of time, and believed that for good well-being enough to walk a quick step and observe the day of the day. The biggest sin was considered idleness. Grandmother and grandfather said that all quarrels, intrigues, hysterical deeds are committed when a person is not busy work.

Vera: I have not been doing so tightly. Dmitry Sergeevich because of the age could not pay me so much attention, but I remember him perfectly. In St. Petersburg, we walked together to a silver pond and to the Finnish Gulf - in Komarovo, where they spent every summer at the cottage. I could even afford to see the Argentine series, but if the great-grandfather saw it, I, of course, got it. Everyone speaks about the quiet voice of the intellectual, but he could shout so much!

Zinaida: Although generally raise the voice in the family was not accepted. Coming from school, I talked a little louder, and they were reproached, they said that it was vulgar. It was important to be able to restrain my feelings, and the grief to worry inside is right and worthy. When I entered the Academy of Arts, my grandmother and grandfather said that there were student students, visit from other cities, so in no case should it be allocated by clothing. Yes, I was easier than the rest so as not to confuse with my well-being. We had albums with photos pre-revolutionary Russiaand as an example showed me royal daughtersdressed in equal modest dresses.

Vera: This is not a code adopted in the family of Likhachev. This is just the rules of good tone.

Zinaida: Previously, we lived a big family in the same apartment: grandfather and grandmother, family of my parents and family of my aunt with my daughter. Grandfather did not want her daughters to get away, it was part of the patriarchal defendant. There was a folding table, followed by forty person, he was still preserved. Over the table, it was all together, was not taken to be late for dinner or there is one. The first one was served by the grandfather, grandmother sat at the coffee pot and samovar. There were no advantages for children, everything was divided into equal parts. Perhaps it went from the blockade. Grandfather with her grandmother told that from the first of her days, they shared the food porovna and thanks to this they retained life. And in those families where the bread was given to children, parents were dying first, and behind them children. Blocked experience has also affected the fact that we did not throw anything. Eat needed everything that lay on a plate. Grandmother collected crumbs from the table. Apples were dried.

Vera: At the table discussed everything that happened per day. From children did not hide anything, I knew about all the misfortunes that took place in the family. In my opinion, so correctly: this is life, and children do not need to remove from life.

Zinaida: The family loved the feast, this is a professorial tradition. When grandfathers came to us, they were always treated because they were poor students, and the professor received significantly more and before the revolution, and in soviet time. Dared to all who got into the house - from scientists to couriers. I remember when my husband came to visit for the first time, the grandmother rushed to feed him - he was a generalizky, and grandmother admired how well he eats. And at home, grandfather always served a coat to his students. They were shy, and he explained that this is also a tradition.

Zinaida: We have taken toys on the Christmas tree to do it yourself, make gifts for the holidays. There was a lot of Dad with me, he told me about architecture on the example of paper layouts that we did with him. And grandfather encouraged when I myself did books, allowed me to print on his typewriter. In Komarovo, I published the Commander of Indian Time, where, in addition to comic about the adventures of the Indians, scientific articles that we wrote themselves were. Familiar grandfathers brought me books about the Indians in English. This is also an art - to notice what the child likes, and direct its development. From scientific activity Grandpa was distracted by physical. He loved to work in the garden very much, he had a whole library in flower growing. I remember how the grandfather died the roots of Georgin and folded them in the boxes. From Bulgaria brought Pink Geran, which he considered a healing plant. We gave it to all neighbors in Komarovo. There is still grown huge jasmine bush, grandfather thoroughly watched when he blooms to collect flowers.

Vera: I entered the Russian branch of Philfak, where the great-grandfather studied. Especially responsible subject was the ancient Russian literature - of course, I could not pass it badly. When I went out of the exam, the teacher sighed with relief: she was a student of Likhachev. Only at that moment in the group found out who my great-grandfather. I already wanted to become a journalist then, and not to do science, so I was transferred to Zhurfak. From the second course I started working at the Radio of Russia, then I knocked myself a practice on NTV, where she was detained for a year and a half.

Colleagues in the Pushkin House, where Likhachev was headed by almost half a century old Russian literaturefirst remember his active civilian position (Academician saved from rearrangements and destruction set historical monuments - In particular, Nevsky Prospect, Peterhof Park) and courage.

- It was lack of him, "the keeper of Pushkin's manuscripts Tatyana Krasnoborodko recalls. - Wassed sophisticated situationsAnd then he said: "Do not be afraid, I will be with you." And we stopped afraid. He all took over.

In the family, he also took everything. And everyone subordinated to himself.

The granddaughter of the Academician Zinaida Kurbatova, the artist and the TV journalist, is the name of the Father. But it felt truly Likhachevsky. At least about his famous grandfather tells honestly, not trying to soften the paints.

"Grandfather was a man of power, I would even say despotic." Although B. last years He is often remembered as a soft and quiet person, it is not difficult to understand that such a thing could not survive what the grandfather survived.

Nikita Mikhalkov - Here is an example of an enemy

- His unfinites had?

- Sure. The brighter the man, the more enemies he has. He had enemies in a scientific environment who believed that "the word about the regiment of Igor" is a fake. And from now living ... Nikita Mikhalkov is an example of the enemy. They and grandfather had even a television controversy. Grandfather said: "It is impossible to earn in culture." Mikhalkov claimed the opposite. Somehow in the mansion on the Gogol Boulevard, which was leased, a fire happened at night after the banquet. Burned oak hall, unique stucco and parquet. The grandfather was outraged: "This is what the desire to earn money on culture leads!" - and gladly added: "For Mikhalkov, culture is his films."

Naturally, and the grandfather had the grandfather complex relationsThe first secretary of the Leningrad Region of the CPSU Romanov has repeatedly caused him when the grandfather sheltered in his department of unreliable people. But the grandfather was quite difficult to scare, because he was a shooting sparrow. The story with Romanov ended without consequences for the family, although when the restructuring began, the journalists asked me: didn't your mother killed to put pressure on his grandfather? This is absolute nonsense, Mom's death is a tragic case ...

After Solovkov did not endure cards

Dmitry Likhacheva's daughter died at 44 years old, when he tried to catch the car - voting, the woman ran on the road, and a minibus was knocked down. After the death of Mother's death, 15-year-old Zinaida remained living under the same roof with grandfather and grandmother.

- Pope immediately separated from us, because it was hard to get along with my grandfather. In our family, the decision took only he. When we sat down at the table, at first the dish was served by a grandfather, he first took a spoon - in general, everything happened as it was taken in merchant families, the grandfather had merchant origin. In the house there were strict prohibitions: on the phone it was possible to speak only in the case and no more than five minutes, the disco is a waste of time and so on.

- Probably a young girl was difficult to find mutual language With the "man of the nineteenth century", what was called Dmitry Sergeevich?

"I can't say that I had simple and joyful adolescence and youth." You see, Solovki had great influence on the grandfather. I will explain: a home boy from very decent, an intelligent family falls into the camp, where the term has served not only wonderful scientists, but also the criminals. And that they arranged there, you can only guess ... Since then, he has not taken out cards - there were not a single deck in our house. One day, the grandfather came to the cottage in Komarovo and saw me playing in a fool with children academics. On this occasion, a very strict conversation took place. Moreover, since at Solovki, grandfather, apparently, saw in the fallen women, he believed that it was necessary to deal with all the manifestations of vulgarity - I was forbidden to use cosmetics. Grandfather believed that I had to dress very modestly on classes. Therefore, I mowed my mother's thing about 20 years old. The grandfather was against me to enter the Academy of Arts. Because artists are Bohemia. "You will be late to go to bed, drink", although I have reason for anxiety, an excellent girl and the right girl, did not give ...

- Are you offended by the grandfather?

- It's hard to say ... the feeling remains that everything could be different. In any case, I try my daughter to pour, based on the opportunities that we have. In my case, the grandfather curled stick. But in his upbringing there were advantages - for example, money now does not have value for me.

Likhachev lived 93 years old - and to last day It was in good intellectual form.

- He wanted to catch a lot in science and in public activities, so I always thought about health and consciously sought to longevity.

- What did he do for this?

- In the house there was always a strict routine, which in itself is useful. We dined and dinner we strictly by the hour. Grandmother perfectly prepared. On the table there was always a choice of dishes - two soups were served to dinner, several sides. Grandfather went to bed early, early got up, after dinner, there was an hour or two. He was not fond of sports - he considered him not quite a decent pastime. But the grandfather walked in the air for several hours, at the cottage.

The house broke into the house, broke

- What did Dmitry Sergeevich's wife do?

- My grandmother, Zinaida Aleksandrovna, in his youth worked as a corrector in the publishing house of the Academy of Sciences. There she met the grandfather, in the 36th they got married, in the 37th, in terrible, hungry time, they had twins. Then the grandmother no longer worked, the farm led. She had to subordinate his grandfather all his life. She was also a believer and in his youth heeded a girl from the staircase, which came to agitate her to Komsomol. He loved to receive guests very much, but only friends and familiar grandfathers came to our house. Neither I nor my parents could invite your friends. Grandmother after the death of the grandfather lost interest in life and survived the grandfather of just a year and a half ...

While the grandfather was alive, we had a teased phone, constantly called the door. Someone can break to us - the yarodovy, clikuchi, broke. Grandfather, when he could and could not, helped people. He treated me strictly, and I could not tell him: "I want shoes," for example. Strying people often asked for money, and he did not refuse them. And how many children he arranged in schools and universities!

- It feels that, despite the "gear", Dmitry Sergeevich taught you a lot.

- Eashes not reading morality, but the fact that the child is watching. I have seen since childhood that everything around is busy business. Now I can sometimes afford not to think about work, you can see, read, but I have been injured by me. I can work and for the idea, as the grandfather did - because many of his positions were public, unpaid.

- And by the word "intellectual" how are you?

- For me, an intellectual is a person who has his position. I practically do not know intelligent people in Moscow and St. Petersburg. Whatever happens - everyone is silent. If the grandfather thought only about his scientific career, he would not be such a person. Sometimes he did something to harm himself and relatives. Character - My dad-architect in the youth worked in the Speransky workshop over the project of the construction of the Leningrad Hotel. And grandfather in the press sharply opposed it. Pape had to part with the work, because colleagues began to look at him, and grandfather did not even think about his position to reflect on a relative. Can you imagine that someone from our intellectuals, with their developed sense of familyhood, behaved like this?

We are about Dmitry Sergeevich Likhachev. The journalist Zinaida Kurbatova, the granddaughter of the philologist and the enlightement, at our request frankly told about the inheritance and heritage of his grandfather and why her attempt to create the Academic Museum was not crowned with success.

There is a breaking phrase that history does not tolerate the subjunctive inclination. But as often, when we are in despair from the fact that you cannot change the course of events, we say yourself: "That's if ...". So I can start a sad story about the heritage of my grandfather Dmitry Likhacheva. Now, if my mom had been alive, Faith Likhacheva, a favorite daughter of academician, professor at the Academy of Arts, - everything would not have happened. Maybe the grandfather thought so. After all, he hoped that the daughter of Faith would be a continuing his business, she trusted, together they wrote articles, he spoke with pride: "The faith is my character. She is a fighter. " But Vera Dmitrievna Likhacheva died in a car accident on September 10, 1981. I'm in last time I saw my mother at breakfast before heading to school. The grandfather, after her death, destined to live for a long year to eighteen. These will be bright years: the restructuring will begin, publish the previously prohibited books, the grandfather will come up and create a culture fund, will attract Raisu Gorbachev to work in it, the Foundation will make a lot of brilliant and important fund. Grandfather will finally publish his "memories", which could not be published in Soviet times. He will write memories and about his beloved daughter, hide them away, lies in the books at the cottage. In the farthest corner. In order not to find and did not destroy people who did not love faith. On this notebook, he will write: "Zina and her children." That is, this notebook would have to find, but it turned out otherwise. It turned out bitterly and unfair. And who promised that everything should be fair?

Grandfather after the death of his daughter, my mom, destined to live a long year to eighteen

So, in order. We lived all together - grandfather, grandmother and family of two of his daughters - in the apartment on the square of courage, an ordinary brick house, but the apartment is big. Grandfather loved the outskirts: green parks, silver ponds ... When Grandfather died, a very sick grandmother, Zinaida Alexandrovna remained in the apartment. It was a very difficult period. Soon, someone Alexander Kobak appeared in the house, who suggested to the grandmother to sign the paper that she agreed with the formation of the Likhachev Foundation. The 92-year-old grandmother put his signature, not quite understanding, however, what and why this fund, she was still. Her Mitya was no longer alive, and she wanted to connect with him faster. At the same time, myunt Lyudmila Likhacheva, the second daughter of the grandfather and grandmothers, was incurable. It turned out that the grandmother and aunt died almost simultaneously: the grandmother did not want to live without a loved husband, three months later, Lyudmila died after her. At the Komarovsky cemetery, there was now a whole necropolis of the Likhachev family. I did not know about the grandfather's leaders about the heritage. It turned out that the archive he bequeathed to Pushkin's home, but all the contents of the apartment, all the values \u200b\u200bthat, of course, were a bit, and the copyright - daughters Lyudmila. Archives in Pushkin House gave a grandmother during life. Lyudmila destroyed a part of the grandfather's diaries, censored some records about the family. It was the beginning of misfortunes associated with archives. When Professor Helian Prokhorov learned about this, grandfather student, he cried out: "Yes, how can I destroy the records of Likhacheva!" But it was too late.

As a result, the daughter of Lyudmila became the only heir to the daughter of death, my cousin, who bears the name of Vera. Since 1982, she lived abroad. And lives there to this day. Dacha in Komarovo she immediately sold. A small part of the books fell into the library of the village thanks to the regional Irina Snowdly. In these books, she found a brown notebook, the memories of the grandfather about my mom. I am very grateful to Irina for the fact that these memories, this notebook, she gave me. Books in the specialty I handed over to Pushkin House: For several months, employees came to my apartment, disassembled, selected what they need. Finally, the day came to export all these volumes with a huge grandfather's bookcase. Gelian Mikhailovich Prokhorov helped me. Now books are located in the department, which Grandfather led many decades. We agreed with KUZIN, and all rarities, the entire setting of the cabinet was given to the Museum of the City History, the director of whose director Boris Araksheev in words promised to arrange a separate exposition or even the Cabinet of Likhachev. No exposition, no office. In response to all my questions I was answered: "You are not the heir." I tried to merge the cousin for communication with the museum workers, to set the requirements, control. In vain. From Manchester everything is seen otherwise. Now the things transferred by us Dmitry Sergeevich are in different funds. And the city history museum is not going to change anything. For several years I have written letters to different instances, I ask strong Mira This is about the Likhachev Museum. Recently, the city culture committee answered me by writing, which says: "The creation of the Likhachev Museum is not possible." And explained that such a decision was taken collegially, together with the staff of the Likhachev Foundation and the staff of the Pushkin House. Were really museum workers and curators at a meeting, where they accepted such a decision, I do not know.

November 28, 2016, on his grandfather's birthday, Governor Georgy Poltavchenko said that the Likhachev Museum would be. Now the subordinate committee refuses him. Somehow illogical. In response to a letter to the executive director of the Foundation of the Likhachev, the answer came: "Foundation Likhacheva - social organization And museums are not engaged. " So where is the logic? If the Likhachev Foundation does not engage in museums, why did this fund, together with the Committee on Culture, made verdict, that the exposition is impossible? I can only guess. The reasons for such an attitude to the memory of a great man, such a lot made for the country and the city, can only be lazy, indifference and fasting. Quality, so inherent in my native St. Petersburg in recent years. Well, as for the Likhachev Foundation, the secret here, apparently, is that his leadership does not need a "competing firm": if if there is a museum, then the money will go there, by the Foundation.

I do not museum workerbut I understand perfectly that modern Museum It can be done without memorial items - it can be virtual, based on documents and photos. And all family photo albums and rare documents remained with me.

Now there is confidence that a small museum is organized in Solovki, where Grandfather served concluding in Gulag. We agreed on this with Igor Orlov, the governor of the Arkhangelsk region. He is a strong man, a good owner, quickly accepted such a decision. We discussed the exhibition option in the Arkhangelsk Museum, but stopped at Solovki. Orlov asked the blessing to the Museum at the Holy, and it was recently obtained. They decided to settle the Barack outside the monastery, which directly obeys the Patriarch, and make the exposition there. The barracks are indirectly, but are associated with the name of the grandfather: they housed a children's colony, where the young ZEK Likhachev often had, saving difficult teenagers. This is an important side of his stay in Solovetsky camps special purposeabout which little is known. Likhachev believed that children should be kept in separate barracks that they would soon die with adult criminals. At Solovki could well hold excursions about Likhachev. Show, for example, "Likhachevsky Stone": On him Grandfather with a friend, nephew famous writer Korolenko, knocked his last names. To keep the memory of them if they perished. Grandfather survived. Vladimir Korolenko shot on the island in 1937.

I am strange that the officials of St. Petersburg or the Foundation of Likhachev do not consider their duty to perpetuate the memory of the first honorary citizen of the city in newest Story. List how much is done by Likhachev, you can endlessly. It is easier to say that grandfather failed to protect. All his life he fought against the destruction of architectural and history monuments. His first article on this topic in " Literary newspaper"Released in January 1955. She was dedicated to the protection of wooden churches of the Russian North and the Krasnogorsk Bogoroditsky Monastery near the city of Pinega. Last year I was there - the ruins. It did not succeed at him to save and the church of the rescue on the hay. He sent a telegram to the head of the city, but he said: "I'll get this telegram tomorrow." And the church blew up - the late academician Alexander Panchenko told this story at one time. I myself remember my grandfather of Petrovsky taught in Sestroretsk. He walked around her, photographed. She sent a letter to the leadership of the city that this hut should be declared a monument and it is impossible to demolish it. What do you think? Demolished in a week. Now, driving by, I see four birchs that they grew under the windows of the hut. Why should it be destroyed? Calked. But he sought his grandfather more often. For example, everyone knows the hotel "Leningrad", now "St. Petersburg" on the Neva embankment - so, she should have been according to the original project of the altitude, vertical. Likhachev fought against the skyscraper, fought as a lion, and the hotel was made horizontal. Today I think how good that the grandfather is not alive: he would not have survived the "Mont Blanc" and other structures of the Heavenly line of St. Petersburg. By the number of monuments saved, the entire Nevsky Prospect can be attributed, which wanted to displease, making absolutely all the first floors of the buildings are the same - with windows of glass and concrete. Thanks to him, he managed to preserve the historical appearance of Novgorod, restore the estate of Alexander Bloka Chekhmatovo, to create a museum of Pushkin in Zakharovo, Mendeleev in Boblovo, to make a museum-reserve Park Montrepo under Vyborg. He defended the house of Marina Tsvetaeva in Borisoglebsky Lane in Moscow, who wanted to demolish. He scored an alarm when a fire happened in the library of the Academy of Sciences: I went to Moscow and knocking a fist in the Presidium of the Russian Academy of Sciences. He protested against the insane project of turning the northern rivers, thanks to him was printed, and then hit the television with lectures the creator of the theory of ethnogenesis Lev Gumilev, although their views were different.

Soviet and then Russian Foundation Cultures under his leadership was a real combat organization: thanks to the enormous international prestige of grandfather, he returned to Russia the value of culture, engaged in the restoration of spiritual and cultural connections Russian abroad with the Fatherland, looking for young talents around the country, defended our great small towns and the museums of the Russian province. When Sothebis's auction house trading in London was put out a draft manuscript "fathers and children", Likhachev called the then USSR premiere Nikolay Ryzhkov, explained that everything needs to be done so that the manuscript was in Russia. Bought This operation was especially proud of this operation. And Turgenev's Things academician himself transported across the border to return to the Writer Spassky-Lutovinovo. On the call of Dmitry Sergeevich to transfer their libraries and the archives to their homeland and the archives responded with many Russian emigrants, who gave the cultural fund most expensive - hundreds of storage units. They did it first of all because they believed Likhachev. For several years, De Birscu at the request of the Academician sponsored the program "Return": I managed to return to the home of the Letter with Tsvetaeva, Bunin, Remizov, a huge archive of Mark Aldanov, full sets of magazines "Modern Notes", "Numbers", Almanac "Airways ", Photos with autographs Fedor Chaliapina, Anna Pavlova, Matilda Kshesinskaya. The grandfather made friends with Lydia Borisovna Warsano, a very wealthy Frenchwoman in Russian origin, and she helped young musicians, the wards of "new names", among whom was a pianist Denis Matsuev. When in the early 1990s in the Pushkin house turned off warmth, Likhachev said that he would come out of the Academy of Sciences, if the heat would not give. Dali.

Grandfather was a real fighter, and his voice was not at all quiet, although in relation to him in turnover included the expression "quiet voice of the intellectual." It was a loud, even a very loud voice. And how can you live such life, so much to do and be quiet? It is impossible.

And, as it turned out, north of Zinaida Kurbatova special attitude, long-standing and strong feelings.

- Zinaida Yurevna, your arrival is already the news in itself. As before, do you work on material or film?

This time I decided to go on the expensive heart of the Russian north on vacation. Dear - because I loved these edges for a long time, even before I came here for the first time. When I studied at the St. Petersburg Academy of Arts, we had a cult of painter Viktor Popkov. I liked the style of his letter, which was transformed from "harsh" to lyrical. I liked the compositions, I liked the places where the ass wrote. And he traveled just into the Russian north, which our intelligentsia began to "open" in the 1960s. After all, then went here on the expedition and philologists, and linguists, and art historians.

- When did you come here for the first time?

In 1989, with two friends, we went on foot from Konevo village to Kargapol in places where the ass was writing etudes. It was best journey of my life. Verchinino, Portornian, Masliga ... No places Better! Forever I remember the combination of the bright blue sky, gray bodies and pink Ivan tea. Well, and then my thesis - Illustrations for Roman Fedor Abramova "Brothers and Sisters", which was marked by the Silver Medal of the Academy of Arts.

Since then, I dreamed here. Many years have passed, I changed the profession, became a journalist on television, moved from his native St. Petersburg to Moscow. And a year ago, with the operator Leonid Aronovikov visited Volkol, removed a special report for the TV channel "Russia 24" - "Babiya Share".

- And according to the results of the current trips, what can we expect?

Most likely, I will write a lot of things about the north. How not to describe what you see here ... There is also an important goal. We met with the leadership local Lore MuseumDiscussed the creation of a museum exposition dedicated to my grandfather Dmitry Likhachev. It is likely that such an exposure will be. Just should be.

Live along a great man

- Have you ever been to Solovki, where he was in imprisonment?

I was first in Solovki in 2002. I came to send reports for local Petersburg television. We were then accompanied by a researcher of the history of elephant Yuri Brodsky. Of course, he showed me the camera, where she was sitting anyone then not a well-known prisoner, a recent student of the University of Leningrad University Mitya Likhachyov.

Does his personality, his fate is some kind special meaning, philosophical, perhaps it is in your life? And is it possible to appear the personality of such a cultural and spiritual level today?

Philosophical meaning? You see, Likhachev was my grandfather that add here. Since childhood, we knew that we live near the great man. So they brought us up. Is there any such personalities today? Of course not. How impossible to appear lion humil and dozens outstanding people of that generation. To become such a person, you need to get very a good educationAnd there is no such university now. And you still need to survive hunger, prison in Solovki, blockade, miraculously escape ...

The main value of north

- Where did you visit the time of travel?

Matching my dream to visit the village of Kimzha, where he wrote ass. I was surprised to my limit. Gray Odigitrian Church became white - she is now restored.

Then the way was lying in Matigora. I got acquainted with the head of the Administration Alexey Shorty. The most important value of the North is people. And Alexey is just like that, they speak with him and seek clean unmandable water. How much does he do for his native village! Thanks to him, he was not built up with new houses of the field around the unique Resurrection Church. But so many examples when the fields are built when destroying the landings of valuable plants when they spoil historical species. Alexey shortly confirms reasoning about how great the role of personality in history. There would be another leader, and the Cutlery of Matich would no longer be, the dome would stick out due to the red roofs.

Then we went to Kholmogora, and after - to the Stastian district.

- Romance of the road. Is she charming? Or our off-road does not leave the place feelings?

I can't say anything bad about your roads. I have visited a lot. Perhaps the roads of the Saratov region are worse. And already about the path from St. Petersburg to Pskov and I do not say: all the soul is shaken.

People province

Any journalist has some particular purpose in professional search: people, plots, stories. What are you looking for?

Objectives are different depending on what you are shooting or writing. When Leonid Aronkikov, Leonid Aronchik, were filmed in Vorkia "Baby share," it was necessary to show people who opened the second front. Who brought the victory. These are the last Russian peasants, those that Jali Sherp, worked for "sticks" in the collective farm. In our film you can see the dignity and beauty of these people. Their scale. Not minor people. After all, you can be a famous, but small professor, artist, writer. And you can have four classes of education, but to be truly large person. About the intelligence of northern peasants, by the way, Dmitry Sergeevich Likhachev wrote.

Is the statement rightly that the capital and province today exist on different planets? What do they differ in the mental plan if there are differences?

Capital we have Moscow. She is one. People come here to work, and the rest of the time to do everything to not soy the work of health. There is little peaceful communication here, here is not called visit. What I was immediately surprised when I moved to Moscow. Take some kind of famous artist Interview, and he never asks what is your name. And the interview is always prescribed at home, but in an institution. Saint Petersburg - The same province, only without provincial slowness and pure white snow. My native city Rapidly became provincial in recent years, alas.

- How much does the fate lead you in your work and travel?

Signs of fate, of course, is. If you do the right important thing, then there will be help. I have known for a long time in my work.

The granddaughter of the philologist and the enlightement, at our request frankly told about the inheritance and heritage of his grandfather and why her attempt to create an academic museum had not been crowned with success.

There is a breaking phrase that history does not tolerate the subjunctive inclination. But as often, when we are in despair from the fact that you cannot change the course of events, we say yourself: "That's if ...". So I can start a sad story about the heritage of my grandfather Dmitry Likhacheva. Now, if my mom had been alive, Faith Likhacheva, a favorite daughter of academician, professor at the Academy of Arts, - everything would not have happened. Maybe the grandfather thought so. After all, he hoped that the daughter of Faith would be a continuing his business, she trusted, together they wrote articles, he spoke with pride: "The faith is my character. She is a fighter. " But Vera Dmitrievna Likhacheva died in a car accident on September 10, 1981. I last saw my mother at breakfast before heading to school. The grandfather, after her death, destined to live for a long year to eighteen. These will be bright years: the restructuring will begin, publish the previously prohibited books, the grandfather will come up and create a culture fund, will attract Raisu Gorbachev to work in it, the Foundation will make a lot of brilliant and important fund. Grandfather will finally publish his "memories", which could not be published in Soviet times. He will write memories and about his beloved daughter, hide them away, lies in the books at the cottage. In the farthest corner. In order not to find and did not destroy people who did not love faith. On this notebook, he will write: "Zina and her children." That is, this notebook would have to find, but it turned out otherwise. It turned out bitterly and unfair. And who promised that everything should be fair?

Grandfather after the death of his daughter, my mom, destined to live a long year for eighteen years so, in order. We lived all together - grandfather, grandmother and family of two of his daughters - in the apartment on the square of courage, an ordinary brick house, but the apartment is big. Grandfather loved the outskirts: green parks, silver ponds ... When Grandfather died, a very sick grandmother, Zinaida Alexandrovna remained in the apartment. It was a very difficult period. Soon, someone Alexander Kobak appeared in the house, who suggested to the grandmother to sign the paper that she agreed with the formation of the Likhachev Foundation. The 92-year-old grandmother put his signature, not quite understanding, however, what and why this fund, she was still. Her Mitya was no longer alive, and she wanted to connect with him faster. At the same time, myunt Lyudmila Likhacheva, the second daughter of the grandfather and grandmothers, was incurable. It turned out that the grandmother and aunt died almost simultaneously: the grandmother did not want to live without a loved husband, three months later, Lyudmila died after her. At the Komarovsky cemetery, there was now a whole necropolis of the Likhachev family. I did not know about the grandfather's leaders about the heritage. It turned out that the archive he bequeathed to Pushkin's home, but all the contents of the apartment, all the values \u200b\u200bthat, of course, were a bit, and the copyright - daughters Lyudmila. Archives in Pushkin House gave a grandmother during life. Lyudmila destroyed a part of the grandfather's diaries, censored some records about the family. It was the beginning of misfortunes associated with archives. When Professor Helian Prokhorov learned about this, grandfather student, he cried out: "Yes, how can I destroy the records of Likhacheva!" But it was too late. As a result, the daughter of Lyudmila became the only heir to the daughter of death, my cousin, who bears the name of Vera. Since 1982, she lived abroad. And lives there to this day. Dacha in Komarovo she immediately sold. A small part of the books fell into the library of the village thanks to the regional Irina Snowdly. In these books, she found a brown notebook, the memories of the grandfather about my mom. I am very grateful to Irina for the fact that these memories, this notebook, she gave me. Books in the specialty I handed over to Pushkin House: For several months, employees came to my apartment, disassembled, selected what they need. Finally, the day came to export all these volumes with a huge grandfather's bookcase. Gelian Mikhailovich Prokhorov helped me. Now books are located in the department, which Grandfather led many decades. We agreed with KUZIN, and all rarities, the entire setting of the cabinet was given to the Museum of the City History, the director of whose director Boris Araksheev in words promised to arrange a separate exposition or even the Cabinet of Likhachev. No exposition, no office. In response to all my questions I was answered: "You are not the heir." I tried to merge the cousin for communication with the museum workers, to set the requirements, control. In vain. From Manchester everything is seen otherwise. Now the things transferred by us Dmitry Sergeevich are in different funds. And the city history museum is not going to change anything. For several years I have been writing letters to different instances, I ask the strengths of this world about the Likhachev Museum. Recently, the city culture committee answered me by writing, which says: "The creation of the Likhachev Museum is not possible." And explained that such a decision was taken collegially, together with the staff of the Likhachev Foundation and the staff of the Pushkin House. Were really museum workers and curators at a meeting, where they accepted such a decision, I do not know.

November 28, 2016, on his grandfather's birthday, Governor Georgy Poltavchenko said that the Likhachev Museum would be. Now the subordinate committee refuses him. Somehow illogical. In response to the letter to the executive director of the Foundation of Likhacheva, the answer came: "The Likhachev Foundation is a public organization and museums." So where is the logic? If the Likhachev Foundation does not engage in museums, why did this fund, together with the Committee on Culture, made verdict, that the exposition is impossible? I can only guess. The reasons for such an attitude to the memory of a great man, such a lot made for the country and the city, can only be lazy, indifference and fasting. Quality, so inherent in my native St. Petersburg in recent years. Well, as for the Likhachev Foundation, the secret here, apparently, is that his leadership does not need a "competing firm": if if there is a museum, then the money will go there, by the Foundation.

I am not a museum worker, but I understand perfectly well that the modern museum can be done without memorial items - it can be virtual, based on documents and photographs. And all family photo albums and rare documents remained with me.

Now there is confidence that a small museum is organized in Solovki, where Grandfather served concluding in Gulag. We agreed on this with Igor Orlov, the governor of the Arkhangelsk region. He is a strong man, a good owner, quickly accepted such a decision. We discussed the exhibition option in the Arkhangelsk Museum, but stopped at Solovki. Orlov asked the blessing to the Museum at the Holy, and it was recently obtained. They decided to settle the Barack outside the monastery, which directly obeys the Patriarch, and make the exposition there. The barracks are indirectly, but are associated with the name of the grandfather: they housed a children's colony, where the young ZEK Likhachev often had, saving difficult teenagers. This is an important side of his stay in Solovki's special purpose camps, which are few known. Likhachev believed that children should be kept in separate barracks that they would soon die with adult criminals. At Solovki could well hold excursions about Likhachev. Show, for example, "Likhachevsky Stone": On him grandfather with a friend, the nephew of the famous writer Korolenko, knocked his last names. To keep the memory of them if they perished. Grandfather survived. Vladimir Korolenko shot on the island in 1937.

It is strange to me that the officials of St. Petersburg or the Likhachev Foundation do not consider their duty to perpetuate the memory of the first honorary citizen of the city in the newest history. List how much is done by Likhachev, you can endlessly. It is easier to say that grandfather failed to protect. All his life he fought against the destruction of architectural and history monuments. His first article on this topic in the "literary newspaper" was published in January 1955. She was dedicated to the protection of wooden churches of the Russian North and the Krasnogorsk Bogoroditsky Monastery near the city of Pinega. Last year I was there - the ruins. It did not succeed at him to save and the church of the rescue on the hay. He sent a telegram to the head of the city, but he said: "I'll get this telegram tomorrow." And the church blew up - the late academician Alexander Panchenko told this story at one time. I myself remember my grandfather of Petrovsky taught in Sestroretsk. He walked around her, photographed. She sent a letter to the leadership of the city that this hut should be declared a monument and it is impossible to demolish it. What do you think? Demolished in a week. Now, driving by, I see four birchs that they grew under the windows of the hut. Why should it be destroyed? Calked. But he sought his grandfather more often. For example, everyone knows the hotel "Leningrad", now "St. Petersburg" on the Neva embankment - so, she should have been according to the original project of the altitude, vertical. Likhachev fought against the skyscraper, fought as a lion, and the hotel was made horizontal. Today I think how good that the grandfather is not alive: he would not have survived the "Mont Blanc" and other structures of the Heavenly line of St. Petersburg. By the number of monuments saved, the entire Nevsky Prospect can be attributed, which wanted to displease, making absolutely all the first floors of the buildings are the same - with windows of glass and concrete. Thanks to him, he managed to preserve the historical appearance of Novgorod, restore the estate of Alexander Bloka Chekhmatovo, to create a museum of Pushkin in Zakharovo, Mendeleev in Boblovo, to make a museum-reserve Park Montrepo under Vyborg. He defended the house of Marina Tsvetaeva in Borisoglebsky Lane in Moscow, who wanted to demolish. He scored an alarm when a fire happened in the library of the Academy of Sciences: I went to Moscow and knocking a fist in the Presidium of the Russian Academy of Sciences. He protested against the insane project of turning the northern rivers, thanks to him was printed, and then hit the television with lectures the creator of the theory of ethnogenesis Lev Gumilev, although their views were different.

Soviet, and then the Russian Culture Fund under his leadership was a real combat organization: thanks to the enormous international authority of his grandfather, he returned to Russia the values \u200b\u200bof culture, engaged in the restoration of spiritual and cultural relations of Russian abroad with the Fatherland, was looking for young talents in the country, defended our great small cities. And the museums of the Russian province. When Sothebis's auction house trading in London was put out a draft manuscript "fathers and children", Likhachev called the then USSR premiere Nikolay Ryzhkov, explained that everything needs to be done so that the manuscript was in Russia. Bought This operation was especially proud of this operation. And Turgenev's Things academician himself transported across the border to return to the Writer Spassky-Lutovinovo. On the call of Dmitry Sergeevich to transfer their libraries and the archives to their homeland and the archives responded with many Russian emigrants, who gave the cultural fund most expensive - hundreds of storage units. They did it first of all because they believed Likhachev. For several years, De Birscu at the request of the Academician sponsored the program "Return": I managed to return to the home of the Letter with Tsvetaeva, Bunin, Remizov, a huge archive of Mark Aldanov, full sets of magazines "Modern Notes", "Numbers", Almanac "Airways ", Photos with autographs Fedor Chaliapina, Anna Pavlova, Matilda Kshesinskaya. The grandfather made friends with Lydia Borisovna Warsano, a very wealthy Frenchwoman in Russian origin, and she helped young musicians, the wards of "new names", among whom was a pianist Denis Matsuev. When in the early 1990s in the Pushkin house turned off warmth, Likhachev said that he would come out of the Academy of Sciences, if the heat would not give. Dali.

Grandfather was a real fighter, and his voice was not at all quiet, although in relation to him in turnover included the expression "quiet voice of the intellectual." It was a loud, even a very loud voice. And how can you live such life, so much to do and be quiet? It is impossible.

August 19, 1991, when on television and radio reported an attempt by the state coup, undertaken by the GCCP, the grandfather was at the cottage in Komarovo. He immediately began to call his shovel - you need to go to the city immediately, to speak on the palace. The second person to whom the grandfather called was Daniel Granin. His homely said that Garin left early in the afternoon, collecting blueberries. The grandfather left one, spoke on the square, said that the return to the Soviet system for the country of death is similar that this cannot be allowed. The Granin appeared, only when it all ended, "no one does not remember this now, everything is forgotten very quickly. Grandfather never afraid of anyone. He was fearless. And when after liberation from Solovkov in the early 1930s, the camp rarities with me "for the mainland", for which one another time could receive, "he already understood that it was a story. In the 1970s, he was not afraid to tell Alexander Solzhenitsyn everything that he remembered the camp, and the head in the "Gulag Archipelago" about Solovki was written entirely from the words of Santa. But for it, then it was quite possible to suffer. He did not sign a single ugly collective letter against academician Sakharov and other dissidents. Our apartment was set on fire, and grandfather beat on the stairs in November 1975 - and it was revenge. For courage. For having interfered with party officials.

He did not have a compromise. He could be very cool to quarrel with people, if he believed that they were wrong. I never thought about my personal benefit or benefit for members of my family. Probably, it distinguished him from the heroes of the current era. Therefore, he will not be equal in the near century. Are many people with such a biography: first modest young man, the best university student, then the camp ZEK in ripped calories, then the unemployed Yazzennik, then a brilliant candidate of science, then a blocked dystrophist, then the Oxford Doctor, and at the end of the way - the first cavalier of the revived Order of Andrei First-Called. By the way, this Order of his Cavalier immediately gave to Hermitage.

Dmitry Sergeevich wrote about himself: "All my life I did not remain an observer. I have always had to be a member. Always intervened and got a bump. But if there were no cones, it would be more unhappy. And when he wanted - he received joy. " In the difficult time of restructuring, it was Likhachev who was able to take responsibility for Russian culture, for historical monuments, for the spiritual life of the country finally. The "Declaration of Rights of Culture" was a peculiar result of his work in the culture foundation, which he handed over to Mikhail Gorbachev. He believed that we did not state program By culture. He thought greatly, globally. He was on and believed - and simple people, and the power of the property. His performances on television, transmission, interviews, are just as relevant, as well as thirty years ago. Likhachev is a moral landmark, our national idea, which is so much talking about. And his museum is needed, even classical, even virtual. Photo: Zinaida Kurbatova, Leonid Aronchikova