Konstantin Paustovsky, classic of Russian literature: biography, creativity. Report: Life and creative path of K.G.

Konstantin Paustovsky

(1892-1968)

“I will not trade Central Russia

to the most famous and amazing

beauty of the globe ... "

K.G. Paustovsky

Konstantin Georgievich Paustovsky is an outstanding Russian writer, his novels, stories and short stories are rightfully considered classics domestic literature XX century. For Soviet readers, Paustovsky is the personification of human and literary nobility, the conscience of the era.

The future classic writer was born in Moscow back in 1892 in the family of a railway engineer. After several moves, the family settled in Kiev, where Konstantin entered the gymnasium. From the age of 16 he was forced to earn a living. Paustovsky's first short story "On the Water" (1912), written in the last year of his studies at the gymnasium, was published in the Kiev almanac "Lights". After graduating from the gymnasium, Paustovsky studied at Kiev University, then at Moscow University. The first World War forced him to interrupt his studies. Paustovsky became a leader on a Moscow tram, worked on an ambulance train, at a metallurgical plant, and then became a fisherman in a cooperative on the Sea of ​​Azov. Paustovsky met the October Revolution of 1917 in Moscow. The writer traveled a lot around the country, worked as a journalist, during the Great Patriotic War he was a war correspondent on the Southern Front.

1945-1963 wrote his main work - the autobiographical "Story of Life", consisting of six books. Then it came to him world recognition... In 1965, it was planned to award the Nobel Prize to Paustovsky, but the prize was awarded to another of our outstanding writer Sholokhov. Paustovsky died in 1968 in Moscow. In 1978, one of the minor planets was named Paustovsky - in honor of the writer. The ship "Konstantin Paustovsky" is named after the writer.

Konstantin Paustovsky recalled that love for nature "took possession of him from childhood." Already in his first works, one can feel the author's special attention to the living world. The writer had a rare talent - the ability to notice what escapes the "lazy human eyes." Why fir cones weigh much more than pine? Why can a swallow pursue a man walking through an unmown field relentlessly and scream as if a chick has been taken from her? He infects the reader with admiration for nature, reveals seemingly simple truths. But Paustovsky wrote not only about nature. Children - this is whose language he knew perfectly and for whom he composed - fascinatingly and with humor - many of his wonderful works. A special place in the work of the author belongs to works for children: “ Hare paws"," Disheveled Sparrow "," Badger Nose "," Tenants of the Old House "," Caring Flower "," Thief Cat "," The Adventures of a Rhino Beetle "

Konstantin Paustovsky worked in factories, was a tram driver, orderly, journalist and even a fisherman ... Whatever the writer did, wherever he went, whoever he met - all the events of his life sooner or later became the themes of his literary works.

"Youthful Poems" and the first prose

Konstantin Paustovsky was born in 1892 in Moscow. The family had four children: Paustovsky had two brothers and a sister. Father was often transferred to the service, the family moved a lot, in the end they settled in Kiev.

In 1904, Konstantin entered the First Kiev Classical Gymnasium here. When he entered the sixth grade, his father left the family. To pay for his studies, the future writer had to earn money as a tutor.

In his youth, Konstantin Paustovsky was fond of the work of Alexander Green. In his memoirs, he wrote: “My state could be defined in two words: admiration for the imaginary world and - melancholy due to the inability to see it. These two feelings prevailed in my youthful poetry and my first immature prose. " In 1912, Paustovsky's first story "On the Water" was published in the Kiev almanac "Lights".

In 1912 future writer entered the history and philology faculty of Kiev University. After the outbreak of the First World War, he transferred to Moscow: his mother, sister and one of his brothers lived here. However, during the war, Paustovsky hardly studied: at first he worked as a tram driver, then got a job on an ambulance train.

“In the fall of 1915, I went from the train to the field sanitary detachment and went with it a long retreat from Lublin in Poland to the town of Nesvizh in Belarus. In the detachment, from a greasy piece of newspaper I came across, I learned that on the same day, two of my brothers were killed on different fronts. I was left with my mother completely alone, except for my sister, who was half-blind and sick. "

Konstantin Paustovsky

After the death of the brothers, Konstantin returned to Moscow, but not for long. He traveled from city to city, working in factories. In Taganrog, Paustovsky became a fisherman in one of the artels. Subsequently, he said that the sea made him a writer. It was here that Paustovsky began writing his first novel, Romantics.

During his travels, the writer met Ekaterina Zagorskaya. When she lived in Crimea, the inhabitants of the Tatar village called her Khatidzhe, and Paustovsky also called her: "I love her more than my mother, more than myself ... Hatice is an impulse, the edge of the divine, joy, longing, illness, unprecedented achievements and torment ..." In 1916, the couple got married. Paustovsky's first son, Vadim, was born 9 years later, in 1925.

Konstantin Paustovsky

Konstantin Paustovsky

Konstantin Paustovsky

"Profession: know everything"

During the October Revolution, Konstantin Paustovsky was in Moscow. For some time he worked here as a journalist, but soon he again went to get his mother - this time to Kiev. Having survived several coups here Civil war, Paustovsky moved to Odessa.

“In Odessa, I first found myself among young writers. Among the employees of the "Moryak" were Kataev, Ilf, Bagritsky, Shengeli, Lev Slavin, Babel, Andrey Sobol, Semyon Kirsanov and even the elderly writer Yushkevich. In Odessa, I lived by the sea and wrote a lot, but had not yet been published, believing that I had not yet achieved the ability to master any material and genre. Soon I was again possessed by the "muse of distant wanderings." I left Odessa, lived in Sukhum, Batumi, Tbilisi, was in Erivan, Baku and Julfa, until I finally returned to Moscow. "

Konstantin Paustovsky

In 1923 the writer returned to Moscow and became an editor at the Russian Telegraph Agency. During these years Paustovsky wrote a lot, his stories and essays were actively published. The first collection of stories by the author "Oncoming Ships" was published in 1928, at the same time the novel "Shining Clouds" was written. During these years, Konstantin Paustovsky collaborates with many periodicals: he works for the newspaper Pravda and several magazines. The writer spoke about his journalistic experience as follows: "Profession: know everything."

“The awareness of responsibility for millions of words, the rapid pace of work, the need to accurately and accurately regulate the flow of telegrams, select one of a dozen facts and switch it to all cities - all this creates that nervous and restless mental organization called the“ temperament of a journalist ”.

Konstantin Paustovsky

"The Story of Life"

In 1931 Paustovsky finished the story "Kara-Bugaz". After its publication, the writer left the service and devoted all his time to literature. In the following years, he traveled around the country, wrote a lot works of art and essays. In 1936 Paustovsky divorced. The second wife of the writer was Valeria Valishevskaya-Navashina, whom he met shortly after the divorce.

During the war, Paustovsky was at the front - a war correspondent, then he was transferred to TASS. Simultaneously with work in Information agency Paustovsky wrote the novel "Smoke of the Fatherland", stories, plays. Evacuated to Barnaul Moskovsky chamber theater staged a play based on his work "Until the Heart Stops."

Paustovsky with his son and wife Tatyana Arbuzova

The third wife of Konstantin Paustovsky was the actress of the Meyerhold Theater Tatyana Evteeva-Arbuzova. They met when both were married and both left their spouses to create new family... Paustovsky wrote to his Tatiana that "such love has never existed in the world." They got married in 1950, and the same year they had a son, Alexei.

A few years later, the writer went on a trip to Europe. While traveling, he wrote travel sketches and stories: “Italian Meetings”, “Fleeting Paris”, “Lights of the English Channel”. Book " Golden Rose"Dedicated to literary creation, was released in 1955. In it, the author tries to comprehend "an amazing and wonderful area of ​​human activity." In the mid-1960s, Paustovsky finished his autobiographical Story of Life, in which he talks, among other things, about his creative path.

“... Writing has become for me not only an occupation, not only a job, but a fortune own life, my inner state. I often caught myself living, as it were, inside a novel or a story. "

Konstantin Paustovsky

In 1965, Konstantin Paustovsky was nominated for Nobel prize on literature, but Mikhail Sholokhov received it that year.

V last years Life Konstantin Paustovsky suffered from asthma, he had several heart attacks. In 1968, the writer died. According to his will, he was buried in the cemetery in Tarusa.

The main themes of creativity

Almost all the stories of Konstantin Paustovsky are devoted to the homeland, however, like those of many other writers.

Paustovsky was the most attentive and grateful listener to the inexhaustible music that Mother Nature gave him. That is why all his stories are so varied, despite the fact that they often do not have a plot. More precisely, everything could serve as a plot for K. Paustovsky - any trifle, any manifestation of animal or plant life.

The merit of K. Paustovsky was that he made a kind of "geographical", psychological, but mainly poetic discovery literally "under the noses" of Moscow and Ryazan. It was necessary to have a powerful imagination and the nature of a passionate traveler in order to somehow rediscover the whole land and present it to millions of readers as a precious pearl of nature.

At the same time, the writer repeatedly emphasizes that this nature outwardly seems completely simple, discreet, even everyday.

Originality creative manner Paustovsky in his works, lies in the lyricism of the narrative and in the romantic description of the depicted reality. Lyricism is created by a special intonational mood, often coming from the author-narrator. The creativity of K. Paustovsky helps a person to become kinder, better, reveals the beauty of the world, teaches him love for his native land.

Permeated with lyricism a description of nature in the works of Paustovsky. It helps readers feel the "fairy tale of life". “... If after that little story you will dream at night fun game musical brisk, the ringing of raindrops falling into a copper basin, Funtik's grunts, dissatisfied with the walkers, and the good-natured Galveston's cough - I will think that I have not told you all this in vain, ”says the writer in his story“ Tenants of the Old House ”. Paustovsky strove to show the beautiful and romantic in the most ordinary. The heroes of his works are sensitive to the beauty of nature, they are not passive observers of it, but creators of life, fighters for beauty.

Analysis of major works.

« Steel ring»

Medium - health

Nameless - tremendous joy

Index - you will see the whole world

The main idea is that the author, through this work, wanted to say about faith, goodness, and a person's concern for his neighbor. Paustovsky defined this work as a fairy tale, and wants us to read “Steel Ring” as a fairy tale. He kind of reminds us: in life next to us there is always a miracle, you just need to notice it.

The main characters are Varyusha (kind, caring), a fighter (bearded, with a cheerful gray eye), grandfather.

The work can be divided into 6 parts:

1- The life of a girl and grandfather; 2- Meeting with the fighters or an expensive gift; 3 - Loss expensive gift; 4 - Search for the ring; 5 - The arrival of spring or the Ring was found; 6 - The beauty of the native land.

"Badger nose"

The main idea is to be attentive and caring. It is necessary to learn to see nature, observe and understand its beauty.

The main characters are a boy, a badger

The work can be divided into parts:

1. Fishing on the lake in autumn. 2- Dinner by the fire. 3 -Badger decided to dine with people. 4- The little badger heals the nose. 5- Meeting in a year.

"Hare paws"

This story is about a hare that burned its paws. He saved his grandfather from death in a fire. The grandfather was very grateful to the hare for the salvation.

The main idea - People should help animals and each other. Animals also sometimes come to the aid of a person. It is necessary to treat nature carefully and carefully. God's commandment “Thou shalt not kill” applies not only to humans. Killing, torturing animals, birds, insects, taking care of pets poorly is also a sin. Grandfather Larion violated this commandment. We can say that God himself took his hand away, and the grandfather did not hit the hare.

Grandfather Larion redeemed his guilt by curing a hare.

2 groups of heroes:

Kind and cordial: grandfather and Vanya, Karl Petrovich (healed a hare). the hare is the grandfather's savior;

Callous: a veterinarian who happens to be treating a hare.

"Cat thief"

The title of the story "Cat-Thief" is a character story. It can be assumed that the story will be about a cat who stole something. But Paustovsky calls the story not just a cat-thief, but a cat-Voryuga. Thus, he already in the name expresses his attitude towards him, he will be different from other cats. An important character trait of the hero is already stated in the title itself.
V this story the tie is the moment - the cat stole a piece of liver sausage from the table. If Voryuga hadn't stolen this sausage, he might not have been caught. But since he stole it, they began to develop further actions... The denouement lies in the fact that the cat began to perform noble deeds. The cat was renamed from Voryuga to Policeman to show the irreversibility of the changes that had taken place.
The story poses a problem - the struggle between good and evil. Evil can only be stopped with good. Good not only stops evil, but also generates reciprocal good (the cat began to perform noble deeds, thereby thanking the owners). The story shows the effective power of good.
The narration in the story is conducted on behalf of the author. He is a participant in all events and tells, shares with us what he observed.
The cat is a bully, a fighter, "the cat's ear is torn off and a piece of its dirty tail is chopped off." The red color is a symbol of courage, courage, an indicator of fearlessness. Green cheeky eyes of a fiery red cat with white markings on the belly - to show the cat as unusual hero.
This is not just a story about the adventures of a cat, but also a story of gaining friendship and understanding one's importance and usefulness to someone. Paustovsky encourages us to carefully peer into the world around us. The animal in him acts like an animal, in itself, and together with man; each has its own character.

"Disheveled Sparrow"

The story is fabulous - unusual objects live in it: an old wall clock, a glass bouquet, musical instruments that look like “ alive kind creatures ". Children read the beginning of the story with a description of the clock, and then the description musical instruments... All the phenomena of the surrounding world - the house, the garden outside the windows, the stone lion at the gate, snow, winter - are also animated.

The theme of the story is amazing animals that look like people, and this work also says a lot about extraordinary human feelings ah: about love, fidelity and sadness, about happiness and pain.

Idea - "From a little joy they laugh, but from a big one they cry." The writer strove to show the power of human experiences, the power of love, which causes pain, tears, and great joy and happiness in a person. Neither animals nor people can live without love, it is she who turns the ordinary world into a colorful fairy tale.

Masha is a kind, inquisitive, impressionable girl;

Sparrow Pashka is a resolute, sympathetic, brave, true friend, kind;

The crow is cunning, desperate, insidious, stubborn, thieving.

1. Alone at home; 2-Pashka's rescue; 3-Conversation with a bouquet; 4- Thief crow;
5- Gratitude of the brave sparrow; 6- Great joy.

"The Adventures of a Rhino Beetle"

Peter Terentyev leaves the village for the war. His little son Styopa gave his father an old rhinoceros beetle, which he caught in the garden. Planted in a matchbox, the rhinoceros beetle got to the front with the soldier. Peter Terentyev fought, was wounded, fought again, and all this time he took care of his son's gift. After the victory, the soldier and the beetle returned home. It would seem that what is fabulous here? And the fact that all events are described from the perspective of a rhinoceros beetle. Already at the beginning of the tale, one can feel that there will be many adventures ahead. This is how the insect beetle saw the battle at the front: “He arrogantly imagined that the burning and buzzing missiles were like him. Like they are big beetles. " But the main thing here is that the beetle was not frightened. The writer makes fun of him: “He realized that it is better not to mess with such beetles. There were a lot of them whistling around. " Another time the beetle woke up from a shake-up: it was Peter and his men who rushed into the attack. The beetle flew alongside them and suddenly noticed that some man "in a dirty green uniform was aiming at Peter with a rifle." And then a beetle hit this man in the eye from flying. He dropped his rifle and ran. So the beetle saved Peter's life: Peter was wounded, only hurt his leg. In other words, the rhinoceros beetle is becoming a hero right before our eyes. When you read last pages this amazing fairy tale, tears welling up in my eyes. Peter, when asked by his son whether the beetle is still alive, replies: "He is alive, my comrade ... The war did not touch him ... - Peter took the beetle out of his bag and put it on his palm." And he, recognizing his native place, flies away with a loud buzz.

Idea. This touching tale teaches the reader to love people, to treat others kindly, to understand and respect each other.

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Tverskoy teacher training college

By academic discipline"Children's literature"

The theme "Life and creative way K.G. Paustovsky "

Completed: external student

by specialty preschool education

Remizova Natalia Alexandrovna

Teacher S.P. Dydyuk

Introduction

Chapter I. Life and creative path of K.G. Paustovsky

Conclusion

Bibliography

Introduction

Konstantin Georgievich Paustovsky is a writer in whose work high poetry is inextricably and organically merged with the educational trend. He was convinced that "in any area of ​​human knowledge there is an abyss of poetry." Paustovsky is a generally recognized master of words, who considered writing a vocation to which one should devote oneself entirely.

To have the right to write, you need to know life well, - the future writer decided as a young man and set off on a trip around the country, eagerly absorbing impressions. The researcher of Paustovsky's creativity L. Krementsov noted that the writer was allowed to grow into a great master first of all psychological type his personality is unusually emotional and at the same time strong-willed, and in addition, a wonderful memory, a keen interest in people, in art, in nature; over the years - and broad erudition, culture, rich life experience.

Chapter 1. Life and creative path of K.G. Paustovsky

Konstantin Georgievich Paustovsky was born in Moscow on May 31 in Granatny Lane. Besides him, the family had three more children - two brothers and a sister. The family sang a lot, played the piano, and loved the theater reverently. Paustovsky's mother was a domineering and unfriendly woman. All her life she adhered to "firm views", which boiled down mainly to the tasks of raising children. His father served in management railroad, was an incorrigible dreamer and a Protestant. Because of these qualities, he did not stay in one place for a long time and the family often moved: after Moscow they lived in Pskov, Vilno, Kiev. Parents divorced when Konstantin was in the sixth grade, and the boy was sent to Ukraine to the family of his grandfather, a former soldier, and a Turkish grandmother. From then on, he himself had to earn his living and study. When the time came, the boy entered the First Kiev classical gymnasium. His favorite subject was Russian literature, and, according to the writer himself, it took more time to read books than to prepare lessons.

In 1911, in the last grade of the gymnasium, K.G. Paustovsky wrote his first story, and it was published in the Kiev literary magazine Ogni. Since then, the decision to become a writer took possession of him tightly, and he began to subordinate his life to this sole purpose.

After graduating from high school, he spent two years at Kiev University, and then in 1914 he transferred to Moscow University and moved to Moscow. But the outbreak of world war did not allow him to complete his education, he went to the front as an orderly on the rear and field ambulance trains, and many later recalled kind word skillful hands of this person. Paustovsky changed many professions: he was a leader and conductor of a Moscow tram, a teacher of the Russian language and a journalist, a worker at metallurgical plants, a fisherman.

From 1923 he worked for several years as an editor at ROSTA (Russian Telegraph Agency). Paustovsky retained his editorial acumen for the rest of his life: he was an attentive and sensitive reader of young authors. But the writer was very critical of his own works; many recollect how, after reading his new work, even if the audience received it enthusiastically, he could destroy what he had written at night.

In the twenties, his work was expressed in the collections of stories and essays "Sea Sketches" (1925), "Minetosis" (1927), "Oncoming Ships" (1928) and in the novel "Shining Clouds" (1929). Their heroes are people of a romantic nature, who do not tolerate everyday routine and strive for adventure.

The writer recalled his childhood and adolescence in the books Distant Years, Restless Youth, Romantics. His first works were full of bright exotic colors. This is due to the fact that in childhood around him constantly "the wind of the extraordinary" was making noise and he was haunted by the "desire for the extraordinary." In the 30s, Paustovsky turns to historical theme and the genre of the story (The Fate of Charles Lonseville, The Northern Story). The works that are considered examples of artistic and cognitive prose date to the same time: "Colchis" (1934), "Black Sea" (1936), "Meshcherskaya side" (1930). In the work of Paustovsky, for the first time, a story, an essay, local history and scientific description.

After Paustovsky settled in Moscow, practically no major events happened in his life. Only in the thirties, following the example of other writers, he decided to renew his life impressions and went to the great construction projects of the time. The novels "Kara-Bugaz" (1932) and "Kolkhida" (1934) that appeared after that brought him fame. They were finally determined main idea creativity of the writer - a person should carefully and reverently treat the land on which he lives. In order to write the story "Kara-Bugaz", Paustovsky traveled around almost the entire coast of the Caspian. Many of the heroes of the story are real faces, and the facts are genuine.

Since 1934, Paustovsky's works have been mainly devoted to describing nature and depicting people of creative work. He opens a special country Meschera - an area located to the south of Moscow - the land between Vladimir and Ryazan - where he arrived for the first time in 1930. Paustovsky called Meshchersky Krai his second homeland. There he lived (intermittently) for more than twenty years and there, according to him, he touched folk life, to the purest origins of the Russian language. “I found the greatest, simplest and most ingenuous happiness in the forest Meshchera region,” wrote Konstantin Georgievich. - The happiness of being close to your land, being focused and inner freedom, favorite thoughts and hard work. " Therefore, the influence of the forest region on the literary consciousness of Paustovsky, the mood of his images, on the poetics of his works was so strong.

What the reader did not learn about from the descriptions of the then little-studied region! About his old map, which has to be corrected, the course of his rivers and canals has changed so much; about lakes with mysterious water different color; about forests “majestic as cathedrals". There are birds, fishes, a she-wolf with wolf cubs, and the skull of a fossil deer with a span of two and a half meters ... But the main thing that remains in the soul of the reader is the feeling of touching the mystery. To the mystery of the charm of Russian nature, when "in an extraordinary, never heard of silence, the dawn is born ... Everything is still asleep ... And only owls fly around the fire slowly and silently, like lumps of white fluff." Or when “the sunset glows heavily on the tops of the trees, gilding them with ancient gilding. And below, at the foot of the pines, it is already dark and dull. They fly silently and seem to look into the face the bats... Some kind of incomprehensible ringing is heard in the woods - the sound of the evening, the burned out day. "

"Meshcherskaya Side" begins with the assurance that in this region "there are no special beauties and riches, except for forests, meadows and clear air." But the more you get to know this "quiet and unwise land under a dim sky," the more, "almost to the point of pain in your heart," you begin to love her. The writer comes to this idea at the end of the story. He believed that touching the native nature, its knowledge is the guarantee of true happiness and the lot of “dedicated”, and not ignorant. “A person who knows, for example, the life of plants and the laws flora, much happier than the one who cannot even distinguish alder from aspen or clover from plantain. "

A close gaze at all manifestations of the life of people and nature did not muffle the romantic sound of Paustovsky's prose. He said that romance did not contradict a keen interest in and love for the "rough life"; almost all areas of human activity have the golden seeds of romance.

There was everything that attracted the writer from childhood - “deep forests, lakes, winding forest rivers, swamps, abandoned roads and even inns. K.G. Paustovsky wrote that he "owes many of his stories to Meshchera," Summer days"," Meshcherskaya side "and" The Tale of the Forests ".

Over the years of his life as a writer, he was on the Kola Peninsula, traveled to the Caucasus and Ukraine, the Volga, Kama, Don, Dnieper, Oka and Desna, Ladonezh and Onega lakes, was in Central Asia, in Altai, in Siberia, in our wonderful north-west - in Pskov, Novgorod, Vitebsk, in Pushkin Mikhailovsky, in Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Belarus. Impressions from these numerous trips, from meetings with the most different and - in each individual case - in its own way interesting people formed the basis of many of his stories and travel sketches.

Each of his books is a collection of many people. of different ages, nationalities, occupations, characters and actions. In addition to individual books about Levitan, Taras Shevchenko, he has chapters of novels and stories, stories and essays dedicated to Gorky, Tchaikovsky, Chekhov, Pushkin, Gogol, Lermontov, etc. shepherds, ferrymen, forest rangers, watchmen and village children.

An important part of Paustovsky's creativity became fiction biographies"Orest Kiprensky" (1937), "Isaac Levitan" (1937) and "Taras Shevchenko" (1939), as well as the collection of essays "Golden Rose", the main theme of which was the theme of creativity.

Paustovsky, unlike many other writers, never wrote on the topic of the day. Even in the thirties, when many responded, for example, to the events associated with the conquest of the North, Paustovsky wrote primarily about the fate of people associated with this region - "Northern Tale" (1938).

Paustovsky was an excellent storyteller, he knew how to see and discover the world in a new way, always talked about good, light and beautiful. Therefore, it is no coincidence that he began to write for children as well.

The peculiarity of Paustovsky was his romantic perception of the world. True, he managed to remain realistically specific. A close gaze at all manifestations of the life of people and nature did not muffle the romantic sound of Paustovsky's prose. He said that romance did not contradict a keen interest in and love for the "rough life"; almost all spheres of human activity have the golden seeds of romance.

The seeds of romance are scattered with great generosity in Paustovsky's little stories about children. In Badger's Nose (1935), the boy is endowed with special hearing and sight: he hears the fish whispering; he sees ants ferry across a stream of pine bark and cobwebs. Not surprisingly, it was he who was given to see how a badger heals a burnt nose by thrusting it into the wet and cold dust of an old pine stump. In the story "Lyonka s Small Lake" (1937), the boy really wants to know what the stars are made of, and fearlessly sets off through the swamps to look for a "meteor". The story is full of admiration for the boy's irrepressibility, his keen observation: “Lyonka is the first, out of many hundreds of people whom I have met in my life, told me where and how the fish sleep, how dry swamps smolder underground for years, how an old pine tree blooms and how together small spiders make autumn flights with birds ”. The hero of both stories had real prototype- little friend of the writer Vasya Zotov. Paustovsky repeatedly returned to his image, endowing different names... In the story "Hare's Paws" (1937), for example, he is Vanya Malyavin, tenderly caring for a hare with paws scorched by a forest fire.

The atmosphere of kindness, humor fills the stories and tales of Paustovsky about animals. A ginger, thieving cat ("Thief Cat", 1936), who for a long time harassed people with his incredible antics, and finally. Caught red-handed, instead of punishment, he receives a “wonderful supper” and turns out to be capable of even “noble deeds”. The puppy gnawed the cork of a rubber boat, and "a thick stream of air with a roar burst out of the valve, like water from a fire hose, hit in the face, lifted the fur on Murzik and threw him into the air." For the "hooligan trick" the puppy was punished - he was not taken to the lake. But he performs a "puppy feat": one runs at night through the forest to the lake. And now "Murzikin's shaggy muzzle, wet with tears" is pressed to the face of the narrator ("Rubber Boat", 1937).

Communication between people and animals should be based on love and respect, the writer is convinced. If this principle is violated - as in the fairy tale "Warm Bread" (1945) - then the most terrible events can occur. The boy Filka offended the wounded horse, and then a fierce frost fell on the village. Only Filka's sincere repentance, his ardent desire to atone for his guilt, finally led to the "warm wind" blowing out. The romantic acuteness of the narrative, characteristic of Paustovsky's writing style, manifests itself already at the very beginning of the tale: “A tear rolled from the horse's eyes. The horse whinnied pitifully, lingeringly, flapped its tail, and immediately in the bare trees, in the hedges and chimneys, howled, a piercing wind whistled, blew snow, powdered Filka's throat.

Feature Paustovsky's tales are a skillful mixture of the real and the miraculous. Petya grazes collective farm calves, watches beavers and birds, looks at flowers and herbs. But here the story of the attack of the old bear on the herd is interwoven into the narrative. All animals and birds are on the side of Petya and fiercely fight the bear, threatening him with reprisals in human language ("The Wild Bear", 1948). Ordinary life girls Masha in "Disheveled Sparrow" (1948) runs in parallel with fabulous life birds - the old crow and the lively sparrow Pashka. The crow stole a bunch of glass flowers from Masha, and the sparrow took it away and brought it to the stage of the theater, where the Machine's mother is dancing.

Fairy tale characters Paustovsky - "artel peasants", tree frog or "caring flower" - help people, as in folk tales, in response to good relations to them. This is how the traditionally didactic direction of his works, intended for children, is manifested. Harmony of human feelings and beauty in nature - this is the ideal of K.G. Paustovsky.

Words by Konstantin Paustovsky “People usually go into nature, as if to rest. I thought that life in nature should be a permanent state ”can be a kind of leitmotif of the writer's work. In Russian prose, he remained primarily a singer of the nature of the Central Russian strip.

For example, his fairy tales "Steel Ring" (1946), "Dense Bear" (1948), "Disheveled Sparrow" (1948) or "Warm Bread" (1954).

In his manner, Paustovsky turned out to be close to Andersen: he also knew how to see the unusual in the ordinary, his works are always eventful, and any incident seems unusual, out of the usual series of things. Animals and birds are able to conduct a very interesting dialogue with a person, while the main idea of ​​the author is always expressed unobtrusively and subtly. Paustovsky's tales are distinguished by some special grace, they are written in a simple and capacious language: "Music loudly and merrily sang about happiness", "At night, chilled wolves howled in the forest", "Just like snow, happy dreams and fairy tales are falling on people ".

Into the circle children's reading also included many works by Paustovsky, written about nature. The last years of the master's work were devoted to the creation of a six-volume epic about the years he had gone through, it was named so - "The Story of Life", it included several works by Paustovsky since 1945, when "Distant Years" were written. The next work from this cycle - "Restless Youth" - came out in 1955, two years later - "The beginning of an unknown century", two more years later in 1959 - "The Time of Great Expectations." In 1960, Throw South appeared, and in 1963, The Book of Wanderings.

In life, Paustovsky was unusually a courageous person... His eyesight was constantly deteriorating, the writer was tormented by asthma. But he tried not to show how hard it was for him, although his character was quite complex. Friends tried in every possible way to help him.

Conclusion

Konstantin Georgievich Paustovsky entered the history of Russian literature as an inimitable master of words, an excellent connoisseur of Russian speech, who tried to preserve its freshness and purity.

Paustovsky's works, after their appearance, became very popular among young readers... The well-known critic of children's literature A. Roskin noted that if the Chekhov heroes from the story "Boys" read Paustovsky, they would have fled not to America, but to Kara-Bugaz, to the Caspian Sea - so strong was the influence of his works on young souls ...

His books teach to love native nature, to be observant, to see the unusual in the ordinary and to be able to fantasize, to be kind, honest, able to admit and correct his own guilt, other important human qualities that are so necessary in life.

In Russian prose, he remained primarily a singer of the nature of the Central Russian strip.

Bibliography

1. Arzamastseva I.N. Children's literature: a textbook for students. higher. ped. study. institutions. M .: Publishing Center "Academy", 2007.

2. Paustovsky K.G. Poetic radiation. Stories. Stories. Letters. M .: "Young Guard", 1976.

3. Paustovsky K.G. Stories. Stories. Fairy tales. Publishing house "Children's Literature" Moscow, 1966.

4. Paustovsky K.G. Hare paws: Stories and fairy tales M .: Det. lit., 1987.

The creativity of K.G. Paustovsky for children

Konstantin Georgievich Paustovsky is a writer in whose works high poetry inseparably and organically merges with the educational trend. Paustovsky is a generally recognized master of words who believed that writing is a vocation to which he should devote himself entirely.

To have the right to write, you need to know life well, the future writer, having become a young man, decided to travel around the country, eagerly absorbing the impressions. Researcher of creativity K.G. Paustovsky L. Krementsov noted that the writer was allowed to grow into a great master, first of all, the psychological type of his personality - unusually emotional and at the same time strong-willed, and in addition, an excellent memory, a keen interest in people, in art, in nature; over the years - and broad erudition, culture, rich life experience.

Paustovsky has long been associated with children's literature. Many of his works have been published in children's magazines and children's publishing houses. The magazine "Children's Literature", published before the war, invariably answered every new job Paustovsky.

The past, present and future are united in writings, they call to believe in a dream, to strive for its realization.In his work, he often addressed the audience of children, creating fairy tales for them ("Steel Ring", "Disheveled Sparrow", "Wild Bear", "Warm Bread", "Hare Paws", "Thief Cat", "Artel Peasants" , "Tree frog", "Caring flower" and others), stories ("Rubber boat", "Gray gelding", "Badger nose", "Inhabitants of the old house", "Gift", "Storyteller", "Golden Line" and others ), stories ("Kara-Bugaz", "Collection of Miracles", "Kolkhida" and others).

There is always humor in these works, kind and optimistic. Paustovsky's stories are artistically perfect, which also gives us the right to say that these are stories for children. Paustovsky's stories are stylistically flawless. The ability to penetrate the secret of Russian nature, to convey the "elusive connection" between man and nature ("muttering springs, cry of flocks of cranes") leaves great impression in the heart of a young reader.

Paustovsky's work "Caring Flower" refers to a fairy tale, since everything that happens in nature is magic, a miracle. By this he wanted to show that beauty is all hidden in everyday life, you just need to be able to see.

Simple in plot, written in laconic, "concise" prose, Paustovsky's works enrich human soul help the aesthetic and emotional development of the growing reader. “There is nothing worse when a person's soul is dry. Life withers from such life as grass from autumn dew, ”the song collector says to the old man in the story“ Crushed Sugar ”.

Cognitive diverse material that is contained in almost every work of the writer, simplicity and fascination of presentation, where the attitude towards good and evil is clearly expressed, stylistic perfection - all this ensures lasting success and wide popularity among young readers for Paustovsky's books.

After their appearance, Paustovsky's works became very popular among young readers. The well-known critic of children's literature A. Roskin noted that if the Chekhov heroes from the story "Boys" read Paustovsky, they would have fled not to America, but to Kara-Bugaz, to the Caspian Sea - so strong was the influence of his works on young souls ...

His books teach you to love your nature, be observant, see the ordinary in the unusual and be able to fantasize, be kind, honest, able to recognize and correct your own guilt, other important human qualities that are so necessary in life.

The writer recalled his youth and childhood in the books Distant Years, Restless Youth, Romantics. His first works were full of vibrant exotic colors. This is explained by the fact that around him in childhood "the wind of the extraordinary" constantly rustled and he was haunted by the "desire for the extraordinary."

Paustovsky's peculiarity was his romantic perception of the world. True, he managed to remain realistically specific. A careful look at all manifestations of human life and nature did not drown out the romantic sound of Paustovsky's prose. He said that romance does not conflict with a keen interest in and love for the "rough life"; almost all spheres of human activity have the golden seeds of romance.

With great generosity, the seeds of romance are scattered in Paustovsky's little stories about children. In Badger's Nose (1935) - the boy is endowed with special sight and hearing: he hears the whisper of a fish; sees ants arrange steam through a stream of pine bark and cobwebs. Not surprisingly, it was he who was given to see how a badger heals a burnt nose by thrusting it into the wet and cold dust of an old pine stump. In the story "Lyonka s Small Lake" (1937) - the boy really wants to know what the stars are made of, and bravely sets off through the swamps to look for a "meteor".The story is full of admiration for the boy's gluttony, his close observation: “Lyonka is the first, out of many hundreds of people whom I have met in my life, told me where and how the fish sleep, how dry swamps smolder underground for years, how an old pine tree blooms and how together small spiders make autumn flights with birds ”. The hero of both stories had a real prototype - a little friend of the writer Vasya Zotov. Paustovsky often returned to this image, giving different names.For example, in the story "Hare's Paws" (1937), he is Vanya Malyavin, carefully, tenderly caring for a hare with paws scorched during a forest fire.

The atmosphere of humor, kindness, fills the tales of Paustovsky and stories about animals. The red cat-thief (“Cat-thief”, 1936), for a long time pursued people with incredible tricks and, finally, was caught “in action”, since the punishment received “a wonderful dinner” and was even capable of “noble deeds”. The puppy gnawed out the cork of the rubber boat, and "a thick stream of air with a roar burst out of the valve, like water from a fire hose, hit in the face, lifted the fur on Murzik and threw him into the air." For this trick of the bully, the puppy was not taken to the lake. But he does the same "puppy feat": at night one runs through the forest to the lake. And now the "furry, wet muzzle of Murzikin's tears" is pressed to the face of the narrator.

The writer is convinced that communication between children and animals should be based on love and respect. If this does not happen - as in the fairy tale "Warm Bread" (1945) - then the most terrible events take place. The boy Filka insulted the wounded horse, and then a fierce frost fell on the village. Only Filka's sincere repentance, his ardent desire to atone for his guilt, finally led to the "warm wind" blowing out.

The romantic narrowness of the narrative, characteristic of the writings of Paustovsky, appears at the very beginning of the tale: “A tear rolled down from the horse's eyes. The horse whinnied pitifully, lingeringly, flapped its tail, and immediately in the bare trees, in the hedges and chimneys, howled, a piercing wind whistled, blew snow, powdered Filka's throat.

A characteristic feature of Paustovsky's stories is a skillful mixture of the present and the beautiful.Petya grazes the collective farm calves, observes beavers and birds, examines flowers and herbs. But here the story of the attack of the old bear on the herd is interwoven into the narrative.All animals and birds are on the side of Petya and are fiercely fighting the bear, threatening him in human language ("Dense Bear", 1948).The usual life of the little girl Masha in "Disheveled Sparrow" (1948) continues in parallel with fantastic life birds - an old crow and a lively sparrow Pashka. The crow stole a bouquet of glass flowers from Masha, and the sparrow took it and took it to the stage of the theater, where the Machine's mother was dancing. Paustovsky's characters - "artel peasants", a tree frog or "caring flower" - help people, as in folk tales, in response to a kind attitude towards them. This is how the traditionally didactic direction of his works, intended for children, is manifested. The harmony of human feelings and beauty in nature is the ideal of Konstantin Paustovsky. Words by Konstantin Georgievich Paustovsky “People usually go into nature, as if to rest. I thought that life in nature should be a permanent state ”can be a kind of leitmotif of the writer's work. In Russian prose, he remained mainly a singer of the nature of the Central Russian strip.

For example, his fairy tales "Steel Ring" (1946), "Dense Bear" (1948), "Disheveled Sparrow" (1948) or "Warm Bread" (1954).

In his manner, Paustovsky turned out to be close to Andersen: he also knew how to see in the ordinary the unusual, his works are always eventful, and any event seems unusual, coming out of the usual series of things. Animals and birds are able to conduct a very interesting dialogue with humans, while the author's main idea is always expressed unobtrusively and subtly.Paustovsky's tales are distinguished by special grace, they are written in a simple and capacious language: "Music loudly and merrily sang about happiness", "Chilled wolves howled in the forest at night", "Just like snow, happy dreams and fairy tales fall on people."