The hare is a fabulous character. Fairy tale "Hare and Fox" - a work for the smallest

The role of animals in Russian folk art is extremely large and diverse. In almost all fairy tales, those or other animals appear. Among them you can highlight the fox, bear, wolf, hare, hedgehog, soroki and others. With these well-known bright characters Adults tell their children about what is good, and what is bad. The first fairy tales in the history appeared long before the invention of books and writing and were transmitted from mouth to mouth, from generation to generation. Therefore, they are called folk. Consider the most popular animals that appear in fairy tales, and compare how much the "fabulous" characteristics coincide with their description in real life.

"Fox-sister", "Lisa-at the conversation of the beauty", "Fox Patriyevna", Lisafya, Lisea-Kumushka - so affectionately called the fox in Russian folk fairy tales. This red-haired flutter is definitely a favorite character at all times. And it is invariably, she is smart, smart, smart, calculating, malicious and cowar. So, only she was able to inflict and eat a poor swab, to hold a stupid wolf, who has a tail to the hole, and even deceive a man, pretending to be dead. The main idea of \u200b\u200bthese fairy tales is to tell the children that in life is not important, but a trick. Despite this, Fox - all the same negative character. In some fairy tales, peaceful animals suffered from this red cheerleep, you have to work hard to overload and teach the fox itself.

But is it really the trick and smart fox in fact? German Zoologist Alfred Brem in his book "Life of Animals" claims that the fox's trick in Russian fairy tales is very exaggerated, but the mind of the wolf - on the contrary, is underestimated. Otherwise, the real ordinary fox is largely similar to the "fabulous": red wool, a beautiful fluffy tail, fox often hunting a hare or visits nearby smoking.

"Bear Kosolapiy", "Mikhail Potapich" or just a bear in its popularity, does not lag behind the fox. This character is often presented in a fairy tale like lazy, fat and clumsy. Large and closure, he is slow, stupid and dangerous. Often it threatens with his weak force, but ultimately always loses, because it is not the power, but the speed, dexterity and the mind is the meaning of fairy tales with the participation of the becher. The most popular fairy tales - "Three Bear", "Masha and the Bear", "Cups and Fur". However, in real life, brown bear Not so slowly as it can be assumed. He can run very quickly and, moreover, no stupid is different. Otherwise, his "fabulous" image has a lot with him general damn: He is really big, dangerous and a bit clutch: when walking, his socks look a little inside, and the heels are out.

photo 1.

"Bunny-shooter", "Bunny-panty" or "oblique" is also a very common hero of Russian fairy tales. His main trait - Cowardice. In some fairy tales, the hare is represented as a cowardly, but at the same time boastful, looting and stupid hero, and in some - on the contrary, as a moderately cautious and intelligent forest beast.

For example, in the fairy tale "Bunny-boasting" or "Fear of the eye is great", the cowardice of the hare is ridiculed, main idea These fairy tales - you need to be brave. At the same time, in the fairy tale "Zayushkina Hut", the bunny appears in front of us positive Characterwho needs support and protection.

In real life, hare, like his "fabulous" character, long, fast, agoned, careful and attentive. Thanks to the special position of the eyes, the hare can look not only forward, but also back. During the chase, the hare can "throw" the eye to calculate the distance to his pursuer. For such an ability, the hare was nusted by oblique. The main enemy of the hare, as in fairy tales, - Fox.

"Gray Wolf - the teeth of the cheek", "Wolf-Wolf - from under the bush." \u200b\u200bThe wolf-fool "seems to be in most cases as a negative character, stupid, angry, hungry and dangerous. But, in most cases, he is so stupid that, in the end, it remains with anything. For example, the "fairy tale of the fox and a wolf" or "wolf and seven goats". In these fairy tales, the wolf is an incarnation of evil, and the main promise for children - that good always wins evil. Nevertheless, in some fairy tales, the wolf appears in front of us as a wise and true friend A person, ready to always come to the rescue, the example of this is the fairy tale "Ivan-Tsarevich, a firebird and a gray wolf".

In real life, the wolf, indeed, can be extremely dangerous. Often he is hungry and wanders over the forest in search of food. But his mind is extremely underestimated. The wolf is a smart and organized animal, a clear structure and discipline can be traced in the wolf flock. Wolves create incredible strong pairsTheir unions are durable, and the wolves themselves are the real personification of loyalty and love to each other. Tamed wolf and can actually become true and devoteed friend For a person.

Spiny hedgehog - has long been submitted to us in the form of a good intelligent old man, wise life. Despite his small growth and small legs, he always comes out the winner thanks to his extraordinary mind and tricks. So, for example, in the fairy tale "Hare and Hedgeh", - Hedgehriess did not know the poor hare, with whom they allegedly ran down, and in the Fairy Tale "Celebrate Wand", the hedgehog taught the hare of various vital wisdoms, explaining that for survival it is necessary Total think your head.

In real life, the hedgehog is not distinguished by an outstanding mind, but not stupid. With danger, the hedgehog is folded into the prickly ball, which makes it inaccessible for predators, as stated in fairy tales.

Hare in Russian folk fairy tales represents positive heroBut depicting two. In some narrates, this is a victim, a weak and helpless hero, which is afraid of everything. In others, he acts as a deft sly, which, despite fear, is capable of brave actions.

Hare in Russian folk tales

Why are the hare in fairy tales attribute cowardiness and agility?

The hare in nature eats cabbage, bark of trees and root. He is absolutely harmless until he threatens him. But for predatory animals, he is a real delicacy, so the hare is once again resorting to the disguise and run. From the fact that its basic protective reactions - hide and run away, he was considered cowardly. But the opinion of people over time dispelled when they saw how the beast could stand up for themselves in a non-configuration with a predator. In a collision, he can hardly hit the attacker with the rear paws and even sucking belly attacking his strong nails. Most likely, for this reason, the image of a hare in fairy tales over time has changed when stereotypes have come down.

The hunters were entered by cunning and dexterity, who, in their own experience, catch the beast, know how he skillfully confuse traces and hide.

Nickname hare in fairy tales

The hare in fairy tales is always called with tenderness, in a decrease in ladies - bunny, bunny, bunny, making focus on the pretty character and harmless character. The only coarsest nickname that can be found in folk narratives - Kosovo. There are several explanations of its occurrence:

• First, due to the features of the location of the eyes and its range of view. Because of what he always turns his head to consider counter-headeds.
• Secondly, the hare constantly confuses the traces, moving in different areasso that he did not train predators. This is a delight maneuver, and not just the inability to move straight.

False nickname Bunny-panty Also quite simply explains. A shiver is associated with constant muscle tension. This, since constant sniffing, is necessary to quickly react to the danger. That is, in fact, he is not afraid, he is just in constant readiness. And, nevertheless, if he honors a danger, then immediately runs away. That in human behavior would be regarded as cowardice.

But run is, and though one of strong Parties Animal, especially in short distances. Therefore, not in vain in fairy tales, he was given another nickname - Bunny-shooter.

The image of the hare in folk tales

In some fairy tales of hares suggest a story about the animal. They explain in them why his lip is twisted and the fur coat is changing (for example, "snow and hare"). And others show on this image of human relations, where the animals imply a good, but cowardly and defenseless person.

• "Bunny-pantish" - demonstrates cowardiness, fighting with fear and the moderateness of this animal;
• "Hare and Bear" - Shows the kindness of the character, his altruism, the ability to keep the word, responsibility. These are positive traitswho prevail over fearfulness.
• "Hare Misle" - In this fairy tale, the courage of the hero is manifested if necessary to help others.
• "Fox and hare" - traditional role Sacrifice, defenseless poor fellows, whose kindness is used by negative characters.

Fairy tales, in which the hare of the sly and the brave, mainly have authorship. But the work accounted for spirit simple people And it became part of the folklore.

Samoteaeva Yana

This project is used in class literary readingsurrounding the world, from the project: show the hare in nature and where the image of the hare is found. Tasks for research: 1) Who is a relative of the hare; 2) where hares live; 3) whether the hare is proud; 4) why the hare is called oblique; 5) What is the feature of the ears; 6) As shown the image of a hare in fairy tales; 7) What proverbs and riddles are about hares; 8) who is a symbol olympic Games In Sochi 2014.

Download:

Preview:

To enjoy previewing the presentations, create an account ( account) Google and log in to it: https://accounts.google.com

Signatures for slides:

Project. Hare. The image of the AYCA performed the head: Chenica 2 Class Myster Olga Samoteaeva Yana Nikolaevna MBOU "Grahiagovskaya Sosh" Tulgansky district Orenburg region

n Treat hare in nature and where the image of the hare is found the purpose of the study:

Which pet is a hare relative? How did you have depicted a hare? Where are the hares? Is it really the hare of cowardly? Why is the hare call oblique? What role is the ears? Do the teeth grow a hare? How is the image of a hare in fairy tales? What proverbs and riddles are about a hare? Who is the symbol of the Olympics in Sochi 2014? Research tasks:

I have a rabbit, he is a relative of the hare.

Probably, the most distant image of the hare can be considered a statue of white marble, dating from the VI century BC. e.

Hares dwell throughout ground Shar.. Zaitsev hunting worldwide. Sometimes people are surprised that these animals have not yet been extinct. There are many hares just because they multiply very quickly.

The image of the hare is cute, good-natured and cowardly. Zaitse not at all cowardly and good-natured. In fact, this animal is able to fall into rage and defend their lives bravely.

Although the hare is often called oblique, he does not have any squint. The squint the bias attributed hunters who noticed that the hare loops all the time and returns to his mark. In fact, the reason for such behavior is asymmetry in the development of the right and left laps of the Zaitsev.

In the summer heat, hares help to escape from overheating ears. They actively remove heat from the body. During the rain, the hare fell down their ears so that water does not fall into them and they did not catch

The teeth at the hare grow all their lives. They are erased when the hares gnaw food, but they never stop growing.

The hare in Russian fairy tales is usually small, pitiful, silly, cowardly; Just runs quickly. For example, in the fairy tale, "Hare and Lisa", where many heroes came to the rescue, and the rooster eventually kicked the fox from the holy house, and the hare himself only cried and did not try to join the fox in the fight, nor overcome her.

In some fairy tales, the hare acts in an unusual role for us: it is harmful to the "sandy and hare" - the Nenets fairy tale. In the Burmese fairy tale "Wise Rabbit Rubber Savior" the rabbit turned out to be smarter than the bear and the monkey managed to hold the most king of the beast of Leo. Indian fairy tale "The Sly Fox" tells about how the hare was not amenable to fox tricks and saved his life due to his smelter.

"The hare is afraid of himself", "Zaidala like a wolf, and a cowardly like a hare" "Angitious hare is not far from being running" "And the hare is smart, yes, you can't catch a hare," Lisa lives a cunning, and the hunger with the acciliveness "proverbs and sayings

Mount the hill, from Mount Kwyrkom. Summer gray, white in winter. (The answer in this riddle is not just a hare, but a hare-white. Since Zayak-Belyak is changed for the winter in a snow-white coat) does not offend anyone, and everyone is afraid of everyone. Puzzles

Statue of a hare in St. Petersburg

Also, the hare is a symbol of the Winter Olympics in Sochi - 2014

Thanks for attention!

The hare is in many ways the undetegped character of the world folklore. In Russian fairy tales, he is often a defenseless character with a sufficiently modest mythological rank. (Although, the believer has been preserved and with a negative sign: it was believed that the hare, who had overwhelmed the road, as a black cat, marks the misfortune.)

Not that in the legends of other peoples, where the hare sometimes acts as a cosmoting creature. In the beliefs of North American Iroquois, he creates a world of water, in the legends of another Indian tribe - Winnebago - he competes with the sun and catches him in the silt. Eurasian peoples of hare, on the contrary, is associated with the Moon.

*** Symbols of the Sun and the Moon turned into a global folklore in the Mythologies "Gold" and "Silver". In the folk mining system, they, as a rule, were conjured, coexisting as part of some holistic unity. So, numerous cosmized heroes and heroines of Russian fairy tales, whose "knee legs in gold, to elbow hands in silver", just symbolize such a symbolized solar and lunar symbolism. Perhaps, in the distant hyperborean past, the carriers of these qualities were ordinary solar-lunar deities.

Lithuanian-pagans up to the introduction of Christianity was even a hare God, as mentioned in the Ipatiev chronicle. It is also impossible to discount and the fact that the hare is the only character of oral folk creativity, which was transferred to the name of the Russian people himself: we are talking About hare-rusak.

In Russian folklore The hare was also preserved by vague memories of times even more distant - hyperborean. So, in the innocent children's county, which many probably knows, was originally laid by a vital idea of \u200b\u200bthe worldview.

- Hare gray [or white], where ran?

- in the forest green ...

- What did you do there?

- Lyko Dral ...

- Where did it?

- under the deck ...

- Who stole?

- Rodion * ...

- Get out!...

*** Rodion - at the same time understandable, and incomprehensible name. Although it is included in the Christian sodes, its origin is clearly non-Christian and prechristian. In the Slavic pagan Pantheon, the God of Rod, and the goddess of Rozhanitsa - the patroness of the feminine and newborn babies. An attempt to withdraw Russian from the Greek Rodon - Rosa is acceptable only in the case of recognition of a single lexical and semantic source of both concepts.

However, in more archaic versions of this children's counted, recorded by folklorists in the XIX century, it is often not "hare Gray", but "hare-month"! What does this mean? But what: said mythology, identifying a hare and month (moon) is contained in the most ancient plates of culture of different nations World. According to archaic cosmogonic ideas, the stains on the moon are depicting a hare, which God lived after self-immolation. According to the Vedi-Hindu tradition, this primarb and Lord of the Vedica Pantheon - Indra. Observing the laws of hospitality, the hare to feed the Divine Studitz who came to him, prepared roast from himself. The God Indra appreciated the act of this self-sacrifice and placed the hare on the lunar disk. Why and one of the names of the moon on Sanskrit - "Shushanka", that is, "having a sign of the hare."

In Mongolia and China, the same legends were told. So, Chinese Daoists said that the lunar stains are "the hare, which is boutered in a stage of a drug for making a beverage of immortality, and who wants to taste the divine drink, can go to the moon at least now."

Believement about the "lunar" hare was so common in China, which was the most popular fine plot. Even on the gowns of the highest dignitaries and Gods, they embroidered a month with a hare sitting under the tree.

In this case, the tree was nothing more than the universal "tree of life", and symbolized longevity and immortality. This ancient fine tradition It has been preserved to this day: the cooking scene of the beverage of the gods and the lunar hare is depicted on special loaf or gingerbreads that bake during the annual lunar holidays (baked products are so referred to - "Lunniki"). By the way, the culture of Russian and Chinese gingerbread (up to the creation of carved hiking boards), apparently, has a general source of origin.

Buddhism adopted and developed the oldest Vedic and Taoist beliefs. The legend of self-immolation of the hare overgrown with additional details. In Buddhist parable, he tells how once to lived with a fox, a monkey and hare came to visit, under the guise of the old man, the Lord of the sky himself and asked him to feed him. Fox quickly caught the fish, a monkey narrowed from the tree of sweet fruit, and only the hare could not find anything. Then he rushed into the oven so that the old man could eat him in fried. The old man (and it turned out to be the Buddha in the form of one of his numerous incarnations!), Touched by such self-sacrifice, took a hare from the furnace and put on the moon, so that he always served as a symbol of hospitality and mercy.

So here it comes from - Russian county with a hare-month ...

Space functions of the hare and its formerly power are visible in the ancient Indoary compilation of the Basen and Proverb, known in the Sanskrit name "Panchatra" (literally "Pentateuch"; almost like in Old Testament, just quite about another).

For example, around the world and among different peoples, a fairy tale of the parable about Leve, whom a more wise hare made to jump into the well to deal with its own reflection in the water. Although the earliest of the last written versions of the most famous literary monument Refers no earlier than by the III century AD *, in its basis, without any doubt, lie oral stories, existing in the Aryan environment for many millennia, starting with the hyperborean era when the Arias still lived in the north.

*** "Panchattra" was transferred first to Persian, and then - and on arabic Under the name "Kalil and Dimna" (named Shakalov operating in the book). The literal translation of the names of these shhakali is straightforward and crap - served as the basis for subsequent transfers to other languages \u200b\u200band, in particular, to Greek. Byzantine lists ancient monument Under the name "Stephanit and Medilaila" received borrowing throughout orthodox peace, including and ancient Russian translations, thanks to which the book has become one of the favorite readings of our great-grandparents. The European languages \u200b\u200bof the Basinie ancient Ariyev translated indirectly - through the Hebrew translation from Arabic. Many punchatantry plots inspired poets-basinisians for centuries, and one of them turned almost into the people's Russian fairy tale: this is a parable of a traveler's frog (with that, however, the difference that in the ancient Indian primary source is not valid Frog, and turtle).

Hence, some assumptions and analogies are suggested by themselves. They just touch the "lunar hare" - mythologies included in the form of a fairy tale in "Panchatartra".

The ancient Indian parable about the "lunar hare" is quite long. Its essence lies in the fact that the cunning hare is Vienna (which in translating from Sanskrit means the winner) decided to teach the elephants that went to the water-to-lunar lake and constantly removed the many hares and destroyed their dwellings. Siecey went to the king of elephants and announced that he was sent by the Moon itself and is its authorized representative. The night shone offended by the behavior of the elephants and tells them to leave the lunar lake alone. To prove his omnipotence, the hare asked the king of elephants to move the trunk along the lake stroit.

As a result, the water in the lake stipped, the reflected Disk of the Moon was wounded back and forth in disturbed water, and in the waves instead of one reflection of the moon, at least thousands appeared. The king of elephants was not frightened. How further is narrated in "Panchatatre":

"And, by turning him [the hare], the king of elephants, with the drooping ears and tended to earth head, dying the blissful moon bowls and then said again. Vijay: -" Dear! I will fulfill my request and always decline the blissful moon for mercy to me, and I I will no longer come here. "

It is asked whether such a fairy tale will appear long before the Indoarias in their duty and long-term advancement from the north to the south, finally, did not reach the Industhan Peninsula (this happened not earlier than the 3rd millennium BC), was finally not settled here ? After all, elephants in the north did not turn out! How to say - no elephants were found, but mammoths were found! Is it not about them in the most ancient and initial version of the fairy tales?

By the way, in the world folklore with a hare associated with a lot of sexual plots (which in itself indicates ancient times of such texts or ritual traditions, because with the adoption of Christianity, all sorts of pagan liberty ruthlessly eradicated and cruelly punishable). Is no exception and Russian oral folk art. This is evidenced by at least such a maiden song, in which the totem hare is called for the Socia:

Zainka, Serious,

Yes, do not go through Seine,

Do not shop.

I am a lying with you ...

And here is the result:

- Askoy, with whom you slept and spent the night?

- I slept, I slept, my pose,

I slept, I slept, my heart [so!]

Katyukh - on hand,

Maryukh - on breasts,

And Dunka is a widow - on the whole stomach ...

In Slavyansky ritual folklore Many wedding and honeycomb songs about the hare are associated with the loss of virginity of the bride. Folklinists collected scrupulously, systematized and summarized a rather diverse "holy" erotic topics and symbolism. Especially popular in Russia was recorded in a variety of options for a scuba-cutting fairy tale on the participation of the hare (though, for the most part as a passive observer) in the challenge between the bear and the woman. In some areas, it was generally believed that in the summer of newborn children, a stork brings, and in the winter - hare.

In this regard, it is impossible not to note that the undisputed fact is that in a number of Russian fairy tales, the hare acts as a symbol and personification of the victory of the Patriarchate over the matriarchy. For example, it is quite possible to attribute the famous folklore text from the collection. " Cherished fairy tales"A.N.Afanasyev. In the original, the text is so replete with obscenities and obscene vocabulary, which reproduces him just the hand does not rise. However, the most Russian readers (in this particular case - viewers) he is known for the episode from the film Sergey Eisenstein" Alexander Nevsky ". In the film, this fairy tale about Lesu and Zaita Prince Alexander and other warriors tells the rollery master Ignat before the most Ice everybody. Fabul Parables is that the hare, fleeing from the fox, showed the Russian smelter and jumped so that the fox was stuck between two birch. Introduced on the fox in words, the hare carried out the ritual act of retaliation - "violated her honor honor" (how modestly speaks in the film and what the people did not regret neither salar paints or strong expressions in the original). Thus, (if we consider the entire episode from a symbolic point of view), the Celebration of Patriarchate over the matriarchy was demonstrated.

In another famous Russian fairy tale about the fox, which kicked the hare from the Lubyan History, also contains an unequivocal hint of the matriarchate with Patriarchate.

Here initially defeats the carrier of the matriarchal ideology - Fox. However, its brazen celebration and confidence in the permissiveness of time. The hare is a carrier of patriarchal ideology - trying to defend his rights and achieve justice with the help of others (male!) Totters - bull, wolf and bear, but unsuccessfully. Only a carrier of a new sun-to-crying ideology - a rooster - managed to break the situation in favor of patriarchal values \u200b\u200band finally approve the celebration of Patriarchate over the matriarchy.

Here, traditional female cunning, personified fox, opposes the patriarchal male fraternity in the face of totems, which in the end and wins.

In Indo-European mythology, the rooster personifies the sun. Spit on his shoulder in the archaic worldview was the attribute of time and death. It is enough to remember the symbolizing time the allegorical images of God Saturn with oblique on the shoulder.

Is it possible to talk about a hare like a cowardly animal?

Cowardice is rather human trait character. But zoopsychology - science is relatively young, and people are inclined to attribute to animals what is characteristic of themselves.

How does the hare behave in vivo? In order not to get into the teeth to the predator, the hare is hidden, and if his predator still found him, sharply breaks off and runs. A person who is hiding from danger can be considered cowardly. Alternative behavior - to meet the danger of facing the face, "in battle." These stereotypes can also be discussed, to find out their history.

But in terms of nature, the behavior of the hare is extremely rational. He knows how to mask well - therefore it is hidden. And so, by the way, provides survival to their offspring. He runs very quickly on short distances, so it makes sense to flee. So many herbivores behave. For example, Lani, deer. Recall the cycle of Felix's fairy tales is chopped about Bambi's deer. There are hares with deer in good relationship. They consider each other "their". Of course, this is a fairy tale, and it is ideologized by these relationships: they say, deer and hares "Friend", because neither no other kill anyone.

But actually the real hare is not such a small and weak animal. The length of his body is 60-70 cm. And if it falls on the rear paws, then its "height" can reach and 80 cm. It is without taking into account the length of the ears. He has claws on his front and hind legs, and it is capable of repulse a predator in some cases. If the hare is worth it, he will beat the front paws. If he overturned on his back, will beat the rear legs, which he has much stronger than the front. He can even spread the belly fox. Therefore, not always Fox is decided to attack the hare.

A common idea that the hare "constantly trembles from fear," is associated with the peculiarities of his sense of smell. The smell of hares is very sharp, and they constantly sniff air: if a predator has not appeared nearby, there is no one near a suitable food. When the hare sniffers, he quickly moves his nose, and the upper lip also moves from it. From the side it may look like a hare trembling.

Another "popular" error concerns the holy "Space." The eyes of the hare are located not like a person, but on different sides of the head. And the hare looks differently: a person has a field of view of various eyes intersect, and a single image arises in the brain. And the hare fields do not intersect. He has every eye "sees her". Similarly, they look at the world of a horse, sheep, cows, goats, mice, proteins and many other animals. They could also be considered "oblique." Actually, the horse is often saying that she "mowers the eye."

In general, hare, like any other animal, is an incredibly interesting creature. Well, the fact that, reading fairy tales, children sympathize with a hare and regret it, is good. Perhaps someday they will see a living hare and will be very surprised - so he will differ from the hare of fabulous. But wondering is helpful.