What peoples are part of the Russian Federation. National composition of the population of Russia

15.04.2019

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Russia is a multinational state. How many peoples live in Russia? Which ones are the most numerous? How are they settled throughout the country? We will find out about this further.

How many peoples live in Russia?

Russia covers a huge territory, stretching from of Eastern Europe to Its area is 17,125,191 square kilometers, in terms of this size, the country ranks first in the world.

In terms of population, Russia is in ninth position, it is 146.6 million people. How many peoples live in Russia? It is difficult to give an exact figure, but there are approximately 190 of them, including the autochthonous population and small indigenous peoples.

The main source of data on the population of Russia is the 2010 census. The nationality of the citizens of the country is not indicated in the passports, therefore the data for the census was obtained based on the self-determination of the inhabitants.

Slightly more than 80% of residents identified themselves as Russians, while other nationalities accounted for 19.1%. Approximately five and a half million people did not indicate their nationality. Based on these data, the total number of the peoples of Russia who do not identify themselves as Russians amounted to 26.2 million people.

Ethnic composition

Russians are the titular population of the country, they prevail in most of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation. These include the Pomors, representing the subethnos of Karelians and Russians in the region. Of the White Sea... The second largest people are the Tatars, which include the Mishars, Kryashens, Astrakhan and

The most numerous group of peoples is made up of Slavs, mainly Russians, Ukrainians, Belarusians, Poles and Bulgarians. They refer to Indo-European family, which in Russia is also represented by the Roman, Greek, Germanic, Baltic, Iranian, Indo-Iranian and Armenian groups.

In total, peoples who belong to nine linguistic families live on the territory of the state. In addition to Indo-European, these include:

Altai;
blue Tibetan;
Ural-Yukaghir;
Chukotka-Kamchatka;
Yenisei;
Kartvelian;
Eskimo-Aleutian;
North Caucasian.

Small peoples of Russia are represented by Kereks (4 people), Vod people (64), Enets (227), Ulti (295), Chulyms (355), Aleuts (482), Negidal (513), Oroch (596). These include peoples who belong to the Finno-Ugric, Samoyed, Turkic, Sino-Tibetan groups.

The largest peoples of Russia are presented in the table below.

People	Number in million


Ukrainians







Azerbaijanis

Map of the peoples of Russia

The population of the country is not uniformly settled. How many peoples live in Russia and how they are located on its territory can be clearly demonstrated by the map below. The overwhelming majority live in the area between St. Petersburg, Krasnoyarsk, Novorossiysk and Primorsky Krai, where all the largest cities are located.

The largest Tatars and Ukrainians mainly inhabit the southwestern part of the country. Ukrainians make up a large share of the population in the Chukotka and Khanty-Mansiysk districts, in the Magadan region.

As for the rest of the peoples of the Slavic group, the Poles and Bulgarians do not form large groups and are settled dispersedly. The compact Polish population lives only in the Omsk region. The majority of Belarusians inhabit the area of Moscow and St. Petersburg, as well as the Kaliningrad Region, Karelia, and the Khanty-Mansiysk District.

Tatars

The number of Tatars in Russia is more than 3% of the total population. A third of them live in the Republic of Tatarstan. Focal settlements are also located in the Ulyanovsk region, in the Khanty-Mansiysk district, Bashkortostan, Tyumen, Orenburg, Chelyabinsk, Penza regions and in other subjects of the state.

Most Tatars are Sunni Muslims. Different groups of Tatars have linguistic differences, as well as differ from each other in traditions and way of life. Their language belongs to the Turkic languages of the Altai family, it has three dialects: Misharsky (western), Kazan (middle), Siberian-Tatar (eastern). In the Republic of Tatarstan Tatar language is official.

The ethnonym "Tatars" appeared in the 6th century among the Turkic tribes who called themselves that way. After the conquest of the Golden Horde in the XIII century. the name spreads and already designates the Mongols and the tribes conquered by them. Later the term was used in relation to nomads Mongolian origin... Having settled in the Volga region, these tribes called themselves Messelmans, Misers, Bulgarians, Kazanls, etc., until in the 19th century they consolidated under the definition of “Tatars”.

Ukrainians

One of east Slavic peoples- Ukrainians, lives mainly on the territory of the state of Ukraine, where its population is about 41 million people. Large Ukrainian diasporas are located in Russia, USA, Canada, Brazil, Argentina, Germany and other countries.

Including labor immigrants, approximately 5 million Ukrainians live in Russia. Most of lives in cities. Large centers of settlement of this ethnic group are located in Moscow and the Moscow region, the Tyumen, Rostov, Omsk regions, in the Primorsky and Krasnodar territories, the Yamalo-Nenets district, etc.

The history of the peoples of Russia is not the same. Large-scale settlement Russian territories Ukrainians began during the existence of the empire. V XVI-XVII centuries, according to the tsarist decree, the Cossacks, gunners, archers from the Ukraine and the Don were sent to Siberia and Far East for land development. Later, peasants, townspeople, and representatives of the Cossack foremen were exiled to them.

The intelligentsia of their own free will moved to St. Petersburg at a time when the city was the capital Russian Empire... Currently, Ukrainians represent the largest number of ethnic group after the Russians.

Bashkirs

The fourth largest nation of Russia is the Bashkirs. The overwhelming majority live in the Republic of Bashkortostan. They also inhabit the Tyumen, Kurgan, Orenburg regions. The Bashkir language belongs to the Altai family, is divided into southern and eastern dialects and several dialects.

According to anthropological characteristics, the people belong to the Subural and South Siberian (among the eastern Bashkirs) racial types... They represent Caucasians with a bit of Mongoloid character. By religion, they are Sunni Muslims.

The origin is associated with the tribes of the Pechenegs (South Ural Bashkirs - Burzyans, Userganes), as well as Polovtsians (Kypchaks, Kanly) and Volga Bulgars (Bulyars). Their ancestors inhabited the region of the Urals, the Volga and the Urals. The Mongols and Tungus-Manchus influenced the formation of the people.

Indigenous peoples

The indigenous population of the country includes 48 peoples. They make up approximately 0.3% of the total population of the country. About 12 of them are small and number less than a thousand people.

Small peoples of Russia predominantly inhabit the northern regions of the state, the Far East and Siberia. They often carry on a traditional economy, engaging in reindeer husbandry, fishing, hunting and cattle breeding.

The largest indigenous people are the Nenets, they number almost 45 thousand people. They occupy the coastal zones of the Arctic Ocean and are divided into European and Asian. The people breed deer and live in tents - cone-shaped huts covered with birch bark and felt.

Kereks have the smallest and represented by only four people according to the census. Half a century ago there were about 100 of them. The main languages for them are Chukchi and Russian, their native Kerek remained as a traditional passive language. In terms of their way of life and culture, they are similar to the Chukchi people, therefore they were assimilated with them.

Conclusion

Russia stretches for many kilometers from west to east, affecting both the European and Asian parts of the continent. More than 190 peoples live on its vast territory. Russians are the most numerous and represent title nation country.

Others large nations are Tatars, Ukrainians, Bashkirs, Chuvashs, Avars, etc. Small indigenous peoples live in the state. The majority of them do not exceed several thousand. The smallest are Kereks, Enets, Ults, Aleuts, they inhabit mainly the region of Siberia and the Far East.

Russia is rich not only in amazing natural monuments, beautiful architectural structures and other wonderful sights. It also has a multinational composition of the indigenous population. At the beginning of this decade, more than two hundred diverse nationalities were officially attested. The country has about 145 million inhabitants who live in it permanently, of which the largest group is Russians, there are 116 million of them in Russia, which is 80% of the total population.

It should be added that the national composition of our country is not some kind of static indicator, it is constantly changing under the influence of various processes (migration, wars, resettlement, etc.).

Russia ranks 7th in the world in terms of population and 2nd in density, second only to the United States of America. 1/5 of the population of our country lives in the 13 largest cities of the country. 7 peoples living in Russia have a population of more than a million people.

Indo-European group

This large group includes two subgroups: the Slavic, which is the most numerous, and the group of other peoples. V Slavic group includes Russians, Ukrainians, Belarusians, Poles. The peoples of other groups include Jews, Ossetians, Armenians and Germans.

Russian regions from time immemorial were considered Central areas countries, the North-West and the European North, however, Russians live everywhere.

The Ukrainian nationality in Russia is slightly more than 2% of the total population (4 million 360 thousand people). Ukrainians take their origin from the Circassians. The main thing in the diet of this nationality is flour (dumplings, donuts, dumplings) and vegetable (borsch, cabbage soup) food, as well as cereals (favorite - buckwheat and wheat). The most common meat products are pork and lard. For all holidays, Ukrainians dress up in national sundresses and embroidered shirts.

Belarusians make up about 1% of the population of our country. This nationality is the descendants of the ancient Vendians who settled in the territory of the present Smolensk, Vitebsk, Pskov, Minsk and Mogilev regions. The table of Belarusians has long been composed of milk, cabbage, cottage cheese, eggs, peas, beans, rye bread, in general, all that can be prepared from food household... The indigenous Belarusians are distinguished by their small stature, depressed eyes, a dense physique, and a round face framed by light brown hair.

The number of Poles in Russia is about 70 thousand people. This nationality is characterized by undersized representatives. Traditionally, on great holidays, Poles wear their national clothes: striped skirts, aprons, men's pants from white cloth, plain shirts and leather belts. National dishes are kvass, zhur, barshch with the addition of sour cream, bacon or butter. Potatoes, mushrooms, apples, homemade sausage, cheese, cottage cheese and milk are often eaten. The Poles have well-developed folk crafts: carving, embroidery, painting on glass surfaces, ceramics, weaving, sculpture and weaving.

There are Jews on the territory of Russia about 0.5% of the total population of the country. "Russian Jews" are notable for their low religiosity in comparison with the indigenous population of Israel. Jews have an elongated nose with a curved tip, which betrays their belonging to this nation. They are distinguished by a cheerful disposition, resistance to stress, and a good mind.

Ossetians live in our country about 515 thousand people, which is 1.8% of the country's population. They are mainly located in the Republic of North Ossetia-Alania, Karachay-Cherkessia and Kabardino-Balkaria. This nationality is considered to be the descendants of the Alans. Most Ossetians have dark eyes and hair, a dark skin tone, high growth... In food, these people are quite moderate, the diet mainly consists of wheat, barley, corn, cheese, millet and milk, meat is consumed on holidays.

Armenians make up more than 4% of the total population of the Russian Federation, which is approximately 1 million 150 thousand people. The Armenian family is characterized by a large number with a clear definition of the rights and responsibilities of its members. Traditional food - cereals, from which lavash, butter biscuits are baked, noodles are made, porridge and pilaf are made. The most popular dairy products are various cheeses, buttermilk, milk, and matsun.

The German nation in Russia is 2.1% (843 thousand). The Germans are characterized by a small family with one or two children. There is a lot of severity in the appearance of representatives of this nationality, they are silent and inhospitable, but at the same time they are neat, friendly and practical.

Altai group

This group is divided into two subgroups: the Turkic, which numbers about 11 million people in our country, and the Mongolian, whose representatives in Russia are about 800 thousand. Turkic group represent such peoples as: Tatars, Kazakhs, Chuvashs, Azerbaijanis, Bashkirs, Yakuts and Tuvans. TO Mongolian group include Kalmyks and Buryats.

The Tatars are the most numerous, after the Russians, nationality in the Russian Federation, their 3.8% among the entire numerical composition of the country, that is, approximately 5.5 million people. Tatars are distinguished by their bright appearance: brown eyes, dark hair, well-defined cheekbones, wide nose, narrowed eyes. These people are hospitable, hardworking and clean, but they are also characterized by stubbornness and indifference.

There are more than 655 thousand Kazakhs. They live mainly in Western Siberia, The Lower Volga region and in the south of the Urals. Traditionally, Kazakhs are engaged in cattle breeding (large cattle, sheep, goats, camels). It is customary for women to work with wool, and men - with jewelry, leather, wood and metal.

The number of Chuvash in our country is 1.2%. The Chuvash are traditionally employed in the agricultural sector, but now many representatives of this ethnic group are employed in the services, culture and trade.

Azerbaijanis live in the Republic of Dagestan, they account for 4.5% of the total residents of this republic. The traditional occupation of Azerbaijanis is gardening, agriculture and viticulture, common crafts are working with leather, jewelry production, making copper items.

Bashkirs live mainly in the Republic of Bashkortostan, which is part of the Russian Federation. There are about 1 million 670 thousand of them. They have a memorable appearance: straight wide nose, chin protruding forward, big head, short stature.

The Yakuts have a population of 444 thousand people and live predominantly in the Republic of Sakha. Here, the share of the urban population is low, since the traditional occupation of the Yakuts is agriculture and other agricultural occupations. Residents live in small villages.

The nationality of Tuvans in our country is about 223 thousand inhabitants, mostly living in the Republic of Tuva.

The Buryats number about 460 thousand people, they are settled in the Republic of Buryatia. Folk crafts - fishing, hunting, cattle breeding, agriculture.

Kalmyks settled in the Republic of Kalmykia, Rostov, Astrakhan, Orenburg and Volgograd regions, there are 147 thousand of them.

Ural group

This family includes Finnish and Ugric group... Finnish consists of representatives of the Mordovians, Komi, Mari, Karelians, Udmurts. And Ugric - Mansi and Khanty.

Mordovia lives in the Republics of Mordovia, Chuvashia, Bashkiria, in the Ulyanovsk, Samara, Orenburg and Penza regions, the population is 1 million 720 thousand people. The occupations of the representatives of the Mordovians are not very different from the Russians, priority is given to agriculture.

Mari in the population of Russia, there are almost 605 thousand people. They have been engaged in the cultivation of oats, hemp, rye, barley, buckwheat, carrots, onions, flax, turnips, hops and potatoes since ancient times.

The number of Karelians in the Russian Federation is approximately 100 thousand people. The traditional crafts of the Karelians are weaving, hunting, fishing, embroidery, and reindeer herding. The national drink is turnip kvass.

There are 637 thousand Udmurts in our country. The national dress of this people is very bright and painted. However, in holidays Udmurts wear exclusively white outfits. The territory of residence of the Udmurts is perfect for growing all types of grain, so this occupation is predominant here.

Khanty and Mansi are representatives of the peoples of the North. The first nationality consists of 21 thousand representatives, and the second - only 7.6 thousand.

Caucasian group

This group included representatives of the peoples of Dagestan, Ingush, Chechens, Georgians, Kabardians.

The Ingush number 411 thousand people, whose main occupation is agriculture, growing grapes, tea, honey production, gardening. In addition, the breeding of horses and cattle is widespread.

The number of Chechens is more than 1 million 300 thousand people. They live in auls, they eat wheat stew, homemade bread, corn porridge, urek and barbecue. They are engaged in the manufacture of carpets, shoes and clothing, cloth and felt.

More than half a million Kabardians live in our country. Here the etiquette of communication between elders and younger generations, women and men. From time immemorial, Kabardian men were considered excellent warriors, National clothes contains many accessories for carrying weapons and ammunition. Womens clothing distinguished by long, closed dresses and high headdresses.

There are 131 thousand Georgians in the Russian Federation. Positive features their character is hospitality, friendliness, tact and tolerance.

Welcome to Russia!!!

Planet Earth is a multiethnic community that is home to a large number of different nationalities. How many peoples are there in the world? Surely every person asked a similar question at least once in his life. At the same time, the exact answer is practically unknown, since even historians find it difficult to give exact numbers. More than 1194 nationalities, and if you take into account how many peoples are in the CIS countries, then the number will be several times higher.

General classification of nationalities

Most people are interested in a quantitative indicator, but if you collect all the data on how many peoples there are, then the list can be almost endless. Most often the union different nations into groups occurs either according to species characteristics, or according to the language spoken by this or that group, or according to the territory of residence.

Sometimes division into groups can occur in accordance with cultural traditions and foundations

In total, there are 20 language families on the planet, which include different peoples.

In 2016, the following 4 groups were the largest language families:

Indo-European. In total, there are 150 peoples in this group, which are located on the territory of Asia and Europe. The total population of this group is 2.8 billion people.
Sino-Tibetan. This group includes the entire population of China and neighboring countries, common in language and culture. In total, there are almost 1.5 billion people in this group.
Afro-Asian. Language family, which includes the peoples of Southwest Asia and North Africa.
Niger-Kordofan. The rest of the peoples inhabiting the African continent, including areas of Central and South Africa.

The largest nationalities in the world

Over the entire history of existence on Earth, a large number of nationalities have developed

Some of the nationalities are small in number by the standards of history and number no more than a million people (there are a total of 330 nations). There are numerous, where the number of people exceeds 100 million. There are only 11 such nationalities:

Chinese. The palm is occupied by the Chinese, of whom there are 1 billion 17 million people on the planet.
Hindustans. In second place is the people of India, which numbers 265 million people.
Bengalis. Their number is 225 million.
Americans. There are over 200 million inhabitants in the United States.
Brazilians. Brazil is home to 175 million indigenous people.
Russians. If we talk about how many Slavic peoples there are, then we can note the number of Russians, who make up a large group and number 140 million.
Japanese. Despite the limited territory of the islands, their population is 125 million people.
Punjabis. Another nationality of India, which numbers 115 million people.
Bihar people. A people who also live in India and number 115 million.
Mexicans. There are 105 million of them all over the world.
Javanese. Last of 11 large nationalities, which number 105 million people.

Let's summarize

Speaking about the concept of "people", it is very difficult to achieve a unified interpretation.

Also, do not forget that several endangered peoples live on the planet, some of which number only 280 people. In any case, each nationality is identity and uniqueness.

A bit of history ...

The variety of nationalities living on the territory of the Russian Federation at the present time is the result of a long history. The most interesting thing is that it is not easy to establish exactly how the peoples lived on the territory of our country in ancient times. Since archaeological data provide an opportunity, it is impossible to outline only the approximate boundaries of the territory in which the tribes lived, but it is impossible to give an exact answer as to how such settlements called themselves and what language they spoke. Such information can be found using ancient monuments.

The work of the famous Gothic historian Iordaena, which was written in the seventh century BC, has survived to this day. In it, the writer praised the Gothic kings, and the state, according to him, stretched from the Baltic to the Crimea, and from the eastern side of its territory reached the Volga region. According to the historian, King Ermanarich, in the middle of the fourth century, managed to conquer the tribes of Inaunx, Wasinabronx, Bubegen and many others. Descendants of Vesi - Vepsians now live in Karelia, Vologda, Leningrad regions.

So, if you draw a map of the peoples who lived in the fourth century on the territory modern Russia, on it there will be practically no blue, as well as red. Only from the western side of Ukraine, it will be possible to mark a small red spot and from it direct many arrows to the east, south and north. Because Slavic tribes by that time they began to populate the lands of the future Russia.

In general, linguists, historians, or rather their studies have shown that the north, the center of modern Russia, by the beginning new era settled by Finnish tribes. A little later, they "became glorified" and played an important role in the formation of the Russian population. A little to the east and north lived other Finnish tribes who were the ancestors of modern Finns, Estonians, Karelians, Mordovians. Siberia and the South of the Ukral were occupied by the Ugric peoples, they were the future Mansi and Khanty. To the east, on a large territory, lived the ancestors of the Samoyed peoples, who today are Selkups and Nenets. Today in Siberia there are only a few people who belong to the Kets and Yukagirs, and after all, these peoples once occupied the whole of Eastern Siberia.

In the mountains of the North Caucasus, as it is assumed, scientists lived exactly the same peoples as at the present time. The most interesting thing is that their way of life, culture did not change almost until the nineteenth century. Yes, religion has changed, from the fourth to the fifth century Christianity was widespread here, from the eighth to the sixteenth century, Christianity was gradually replaced by Islam. Various rituals, pagan beliefs have been in new religion, they have survived to this day. The ancient chronicles also mentioned the ancestors of the Abkhaz - monks, Kasogims. The descendants of the ancient Scythians-Sarmatians wandered in the steppes of the North Caucasus to the Altai Territory.

For a whole millennium, from the fourth to the thirteenth century, East Slavic tribes gradually settled in the forest-steppe and forest zone of the East European Plain. And here Turkic peoples along the steppe belt of Eurasia itself. The Slavs in those days settled from west to north, south, east, but the Turks moved mainly to the west. Naturally, it could not do without military clashes between the Slavs and Turks. During the truce between these peoples, weddings were played, alliances were made, and trade was also conducted.

Gradually, cities began to appear in which trade, as well as various crafts, began to appear. Then states appeared: among the Turks and peoples kindred to them - the Volga Bulgaria, the Khazar Kaganate, Eastern Slavs – Kievan Rus... Volga Bulgaria was created on the banks of the Volgibulgara. Some of them decided to leave for the Balkans, where later the First Bulgarian Kingdom was created together with the Slavs. The Khazar Kaganate included the Lower Volga region and the lands of the Caucasian peoples. In the middle of the tenth century, Kievan Rus defeated the Khaganate, as a result of which the Khazars, as well as its population, mixed with other peoples.

Of course, the state needed a religion that would help strengthen the unity of the state. Christians, Muslims, and Jews lived in Turkic and Russian cities. From the middle of the eighteenth century to 1480 - this is the era that is known in the history of our country as the era of the Tatar-Mongol yoke. In the "Golden Horde" era, the following peoples emerged: Kumyks, Bashkirs, Karachais, Crimean, Astrakhan Tatars. The Polovtsians played a significant role in their formation. But the Polovtsians themselves ceased to exist as a people. It was then that the separation of the Russian people began. After the collapse of the Golden Horde, its lands, and the khanate gradually joined the Russian state.

By the time Peter the Great began to reign, and this is the end of the seventeenth century, the territory of Russia acquired the outlines that are characteristic of the modern borders of the Russian Federation. In the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, the lands of the peoples of Ukraine, the Baltic states, Belarus, the Transcaucasus, and also Central Asia began to join Russia.

Modern Russia

Summing up, it should be noted that Russia is the most multinational state in the whole world. All peoples live here in peace and harmony. They exchange experience with each other, but at the same time, each nationality retains its own ethnic identity, identity.

Naturally, the traditions of the peoples of modern Russia are quite diverse. And they depend not only on the season, but also on the place of residence. The main feature, which is characteristic of a particular nationality living on the territory of Russia, is the cuisine. Even among those peoples who inhabit the northern part of our state, although it is similar, it is still not the same. So, each nationality has its own characteristics.

In addition to cuisine, every nation living in Russia can boast of its own entertainment. Representatives of their nationalities are hospitable, which is why it is interesting to get acquainted with their cultures, customs and traditions. Knowing about the way of life of this or that nation, each person will be able to live in peace and harmony.

The Russian Federation is considered the largest state in the world in terms of its territory. And in terms of the number of peoples, in the top ten among all countries of the planet. Of course, demographic situation in this state has an impact on the development Russian society generally.

Our country was and is a multinational state. The peoples of Russia are distinguished by their distinctive culture and history. Generally, according to different sources information, about two hundred nationalities live on its territory. Currently, the nationality of a resident of our country is not indicated in the passport. Accordingly, census data are based on self-determination. Therefore, the indicators of nationalities may change from time to time.

The state language of Russia is Russian. Although different territories of the state have their own dialects. In general, our country is unique not only in its own way ethnic composition but also religious. The territory is inhabited by representatives of Buddhism, Islam, Christianity. At the same time, most peoples adhere to their traditions and national beliefs.