Tribal unions of the Eastern Slavs. East Slavic tribes

Tribal unions of the Eastern Slavs. East Slavic tribes

The earliest news of the Slavs under the name of Venenov, or Venetov, belongs to the Roman and Greek writers - Plyna senior, I will open Cornelia Tacititis and Ptolemia Claudia. According to these authors, Venennye lived along the Baltic coast between the Stektina Bay, where Odra flows, and the Danzing Bay, where Vistula flows; On Vistula from her upperwood in the Carpathian mountains and to the coast of the Baltic Sea. The name of the Venteda comes from the Celtic Vindos, which means "white". By mid 6 c. Wenties were divided into two main groups: wallans (bodies) and antines. As for later self-sizing "Slavs", then the exact meaning is not known. There are assumptions that in terms of the "Slavs" concluded a contrast to another ethnic term - the Germans produced from the word "dumb", that is, speaking in incomprehensible language. Slavs were divided into three groups.

To the eastern Slavs treated:

polyana, Drevdan, Northerners, Dregovichi, Radmichi, Curvichi, Polishan, Vyatichi, Slovenia, Kuzane, Volynian, Duleba, Oitsy, Tivers, Croats.

Western Slavs:

this is assistant, rims, canagra, branches, Smolinz, Glynyan, Lutychi, orders, Ratari, Drevany, Ruyan, Luzhican, Czechs, Slovaks, Koshuba, Slovinal, Moravan, Poles.

South Slavs treated:

slovenians, Croats, Serbs, Zahlumlyan, Bulgarians.

Slavs - The largest group of peoples, united by the proximity of languages \u200b\u200band the generality of origin. The most ancient historical information about the Slavs known as vendors belong to the I - III centuries. AD With gray Vi in. The name "Claus" is repeatedly found in the texts of the proof, Jordan, and others. Ko 2nd floor. VII century Believe the first Uss. About the Slavs from the Arab authors. These linguistics link the ancient Slavs with the area of \u200b\u200bCentral and Eastern Europe - on the territory from Elba and Oderea in the West, in the Vistula pool, in the upper substander and to the middle subway in the east. The northern neighbors of Slavs were the Germans and the Balts, who were together with the Slavs the Northern Group of Indo-European Tribal. The eastern neighbors of Slavs were Western tribes (Scythians, Sarmatians), southern Thracians and Illyrians, Western Celts. The question of the praodine of Slavs remains controversial, but most researchers believe that it is east of the Vistula.

Wendes, Veneny, Ventes, the collective name of the group of Western Slavic tribes, have no time (at least from 631-632) engaged in the extensive part of the territory of Sov. Germany between the Elbe and Oder. In 7th century We invaded Thuringia and Bavaria, where the francs were defeated under the command of Dagobert I. Rare to Germany continued until the beginning of 10 centuries, when Emperor Heinrich I began on the vendors, putting the adoption of Christianity as one of the conditions for the conclusion of the world. The conquered Vendies often restrained, but every time they suffered defeat, after which the whole of their lands passed to the winners. In 1147, the church authorized a crusade against vendors, approved and sv. Bernarr Clervoskim. The campaign was accompanied by the massive destruction of the Slavic population, and the future did not have the German conquerors of any resistance to German conquerors. German settlers came to the once Slavic lands, and based new cities began to play an important role in the economic development of northern Germany. Approximately from the 1500 region of the spread of the Slavic language was reduced almost exclusively to the Ludi margins - the upper and lower, later entering the Saxony and Prussia, and adjacent territories. Here, in the area of \u200b\u200bthe cities, Cottbus and Bautzen, and modern descendants of the vendors are living, who are OK. 60 000 (mostly they are Catholics). In Russian literature, they are called Luzhicanov (the name of one of the vendor tribes included in the group of vendments) or Luzhitsa Serbs, although they themselves call themselves Serbja or Serbski Lud, and their modern German name - Sorben (first also Wenden). Since 1991, issues of preservation of the language and culture of this people in Germany, the Fund for the Affairs of Luzhic.

Slavs, according to many researchers, as well as the Germans and Balts, were the descendants of the cattle breeding and agricultural tribes of the culture of cord ceramics settled at the turn of the 3rd and 2nd thousand to N. e. From the Northern Black Sea and Carpathia in Central, Northern and Eastern Europe. Slavs are represented by archaeological cultures, among whom were of particular importance: Tshnetskaya, distributed in the third quarter of the 2nd millennium BC. e. between the hanging and middle dnipro; Luzitskaya (XIII - IV centuries. BC) and Pomeranian (vi --ii centuries BC) on the territory of modern Poland; In the subnet - Chernolessk culture (VIII - beginning of the 6th centuries. BC. e.) Neva or even Scythians - Paramen - in Herodot. Presumably with the Slavs are associated by Podgorztsky and Milogradskaya culture (VII century BC. A.-1 century. N. A.). Existing at the end of the 1st thousand to n. e. At Pripyat and on average, Zarubinetskaya culture is associated with the ancestors of the Eastern Slavs. It was a culture of the developed Iron Age, its carriers were farmers, cattle breeders and artisans.

In II-IV centuries. n. E, as a result of movement to the south of German tribes (goths, hepids), the integrity of the territory of Slavs was violated, after which Slavs, apparently, were divided into Western and Eastern. The main mass of carriers of Zarubinetskaya culture moved in the first centuries. e. north and northeast on the Dnieper and the gum. In the III-IV centuries. In the middle of the subway, the tribes left the Chernyakhov antiquity. Some archaeologists consider their Slavs, most of the same polyethnic grouping, which included Slavic elements. At the end of the V century, after the fall of the Hunnov's power, the promotion of Slavs to the south began (to the Danube, to the North-Western Black Sea region) and their invasion of the Balkan provinces of Byzantium. The Slavs tribes were divided into two groups: Ants (invaded the Balkan Peninsula through the Balc) and Slovenins (attacked by the Byzantine provinces from the north and north-west). The colonization of the Balkan Peninsula was the result of non-resettlement, but the settlement of the Slavs, who kept all their old lands in Central and Eastern Europe. In the second half of the first millennium, Slavs occupied the upper subway and its northern periphery, which belonged to the Eastern Balts and Finno-Ugric tribes. Both Ants and wovers broke off into separate tribal groups already in the VII century. In addition to famous dlebov, there were probably the other breeding associations of the Slavs listed in the "Tale of Bygone Years": Poland, Drevlyan, Northerners, Curvichi, Diensitis, Fewers, Croats, etc.

East Slavic tribes are more than a dozen different tribes that can be combined with the concept of Eastern Slavs. Their tribal unions over time merged into a single nationality, drawing up the basis of the ancient Russian state. Over time, the political bundle of Eastern Slavs occurred, which allowed the XVII century to form three main peoples - Russian, Ukrainian and Belarusian.

Early History

There are very few early history of East Slavic tribes. In many ways, due to the fact that they had no writing. Only around 863 appeared a verbolitis created by specially Byzantine linguists.

Some information about the early history of East Slavic tribes can be found in Arab, Byzantine and Persian sources. The first original Eastern Slavic documents belong to the XI century. But they are extremely small. The chronicles are considered the most reliable and full sources. They began to actively compile after the adoption of Christianity on the sample of the Byzantine chronicles.

The most complete from those who came to the present day is the "Tale of Bygone Years", which was written at the turn of the XI-XII centuries. At the same time, the author, first of all, is interested in the ancient Russian state, therefore special attention is paid to the glades and Novgorod words, while information about the rest of the tribes is extremely scarce.

Eastern Slavs settlement


The settlement of East Slavic tribes actively begins in the VII-VIII centuries. Initially, the Dnieper river was dwelling by Polyana, in the north they are located northerners, mainly in the area of \u200b\u200bthe gums, the Drevlyan was taken by the North-Western regions.

Dvregovichi settled between the Dvina and Pripyat, and the half-pool lived along the river of the Pole. Curvoes moved land in the Dnieper area, Volga and Dvina.

In the Western and South Bug, too, were the territories of East Slavic tribes. There lived a duleba or bell, some of them moved to the west with time, mixed with Western Slavs.

The dominant role in which East Slavic tribes, where they lived, have played customs and language, special ways of doing economy. The key activities for several centuries remained agriculture (growing barley, wheat, millet), some cultivated rye and oats. Massively bred homemade bird and cattle.

Anty.


If you deepen in an ancient story again, then we learn that Antairs are one of the Rannesian tribes, from which many of the tribes of the Eastern Slavs occurred. Nowadays it was possible to restore the ideas about their life and the economy as fully as possible.

Now we can argue that Antairs lived in rural settlements, which were sometimes strengthened. Mostly they were engaged in agriculture, arable business. The processing of metals was widespread, the archaeologists more than once found bronze and iron workshops of Ants. East Slavic tribes and their neighbors not only fought with each other, but in peaceful periods actively exchanged, trading business. First of all, we are talking about goths, Scythians, Sarmatians, Roman provinces.

Already at that time, the most first forms of social organization are created, unions and association are formed.

Krivichi


One of the most famous East Slavic tribes - Curvichi. They were mainly engaged in agriculture, handicrafts and cattle breeding. Smolensk, Izborsk, Polotnsk belonged to their key cities. In a broad sense, it was the Union of East Slavic tribes, which was finally formed in the VIII-X centuries. According to the most common hypothesis, the curviti was included in the ancient Russian nation. They treat East Slavic tribes along with other oldest tribes of that time.

By the XI century, the Polotsk and Smolensk Principality and part of Novgorod possessions were located on the territory of Krivichi. We can get basic information about the "Tale of Bygone Years", in which it is argued that they lead their origin from the shelter.

Where did Crivichi live?

Crivichi settled most of the modern Belarus in several centuries. With them, they adjinted Dregovichi and Radmichi. Since ancient times, Crivichi interacted closely with Varyags, and the Byzantine Emperor Konstantin VII recalled about them that they did boats, which could go to the Tsargrad himself.

According to the most common version, in 980 the last prince of Krivich was killed, whose name was Rog Volodya. Made this Novgorod Prince Vladimir Svyatoslavich.

After the formation of Kievan Russia, Crivichi took part in the colonization of Eastern lands, partially assimiced there.

Vyatichi


Another important East Slavic tribe - Vyatichi. They are located in the Oka basin in the VIII-XIII centuries. From the "Tale of Bygone Years", we can find out that in the 9th century, Naznychi began to live under the Khazars who paid tribute. Management, as in most other neighboring tribes, was carried out by Prince and Veche. Judging by the archaeological finds, Vnatichi actively participated in international trade.

The power of the prince of East Slavic tribes was very limited by a powerful evening, that is, the People's Assembly. Moreover, it was the initial branch of the management in tribes, because it was exactly the "organization" invited Rurik to prince.

Presumably, he entered him adult men. All those who were in the meeting, united not related ties, and public social functions. Most likely, it was a very militarized community.

In the second half of the 19th century, Vynhatichi was subordinated by Kievan Rus after the campaigns of Prince Svyatoslav.

Drevlyan


The names of East Slavic tribes are largely determined by the place of residence. One of them, which deserves a separate mention, Drevlyan. Mostly they lived in the Ukrainian Polesie (Forest, Wood Strip).

As long as the Kiev Rus was not subordinated, had a very developed state organization. The political center of the tribe was based in the city of Earrows, with time, moved to Ovruch.

The tribe is also known. They lived in the upper reaches of the Dniester and Dnieper. On the territory of modern Gomel and Mogilev regions of the current Belarusian. The first written evidence that confirm their existence belongs to the end of the 9th century.

As a result of archaeological excavations, a large number of burials of the radiramics were found, which were carried out on the ceremony of the troves. They are characterized by burial fires with oval outlines, while in such mounds of the dead lay on a fire in the direction from the west to the east. It is noteworthy the structure of the burial fires, which resembled the so-called home-teremki.

In most Kurgans there are no personal belongings. Most likely, they burned down her dot on the funeral bonfires. By the way, the burial traditions were similar and among other East Slavic tribes. For example, the nesting mounds are known in places where curviti lived.

Kievan Rus


Ancient East Slavic tribes should be attributed not only to curvacres, races, but also polished, Pskov, Pskov, Zveliyan, Bolowhov, Bujan, Narevian, Northerners, Tivers, Radmich.

Over time, they began to unite. The state in which all Eastern Slavic tribes entered is Kievan Rus.

It originated in the 9th century due to the dynasty of the princes of Rurikovich, who combined East Slavic and Finno-Ugric tribes among themselves.

During his highest heard, the Kievan Rus occupied the territory of the Dniester in the West, the Taman Peninsula in the south, northern Dvina in the north, the tributaries of the Volga in the East.

Already by the XII century, feudal wars began within the state, in which about one and a half dozens of Russian principalities were involved, which were led by representatives of various branches of Rurikov's dynasty.

Kiev has lost its former majesty and importance, the principality itself was in the collective ownership of the princes, but Russia existed later, as an ethnocultural region, which played a decisive role in the unification of Slavic lands.

East Slavic Unity

The union of East Slavic tribes refers to the end of the 9th century. It was then that the Novgorod Prince Oleg, who, most likely, was Varyague by origin, decided to unite power in his hands over Novgorod and Kiev. In the chronicle, this event dates back to 882 year.

As a result, the class of early referring ancient Russian state is formed, from which Kievan Rus appeared. This moment has become a turning point in the history of Eastern Slavs. But not everything went smoothly. In some lands, the princes from Kiev was greeted by the fierce resistance of local feudalists, which was suppressed only with the help of weapons.

Drevlyan resistance

Some of the most stubborn were Drevlyan, with them the longest struggle was conducted. When, during the next campaign, Prince Igor decided to gather a double tribute from the Rod, they broke his squad and deprived his life himself.

Instead of Igor, his wife Olga, who finally, using tough measures, was subordinated to the Ridge directly Kiev. Their capital, which was in the city of Earrows, was fully destroyed.

At the same time, the centers of East Slavic tribes are formed, which, ultimately, are subordinate to Kiev. Thus, under Vladimir Svyatoslavich, the land of Vyatichi and the modern North Caucasus entered the Kiev. When the early refortion state was finally formed, more favorable conditions were created for economic growth and maintenance.

Soon, more favorable conditions for economic growth and maintenance of the country began to be formed. But these processes were associated with restrictions on freedoms, peasants, as evidenced by numerous sources.

Neighbors of Slavs

East Slavic tribes and their neighbors often collaborated with each other. In this article, we have already called a few tribes, which most often had to intersect the Slavs.

Now consider this question in more detail. In the West, the main neighbors of the eastern Slavs were the German and Celtic tribes. In the east, the Finno-Ugors and Balts lived, among them there were Sarmatians and Scythians, some of which are considered to be the ancestors of modern Iranians. Over time, they are increasingly more active than Hazars and Bulgars.

From the south, the Greeks, Romans, Illyrians, ancient Macedonians traditionally adjointed with the Slavs.

In the Byzantine chronicles, it was not emphasized in the Byzantine, that the neighborhood with Slavic tribes was turned around by a real disaster. Also seriously worried about the neighborhood and numerous German peoples, as the bold raids were regularly accomplished, as a result of which the most fertile lands were captured, residential buildings and economic buildings were destroyed.

The situation in some way changed in the VI century, when Turkic tribes arose in the neighboring territories. They began to lead a fierce struggle with the Slavs for land located in the Danube and Dniester areas. Moreover, some Slavic tribes over time passed to the side of the Turks, which put their ultimate goal of the seizure of the Byzantine Empire. As a result of a long war, the Byzantines were completely involved in the Western Slavs, but the southern could defend their independence.

East Slavic tribes are more than a dozen different tribes that can be combined with the concept of Eastern Slavs. Their tribal unions over time merged into a single nationality, drawing up the basis of the ancient Russian state. Over time, the political bundle of Eastern Slavs occurred, which allowed the XVII century to form three main peoples - Russian, Ukrainian and Belarusian.

Early History

There are very few early history of East Slavic tribes. In many ways, due to the fact that they had no writing. Only around 863 appeared a verbolitis created by specially Byzantine linguists.

Some information about the early history of East Slavic tribes can be found in Arab, Byzantine and Persian sources. The first original Eastern Slavic documents belong to the XI century. But they are extremely small. The chronicles are considered the most reliable and full sources. They began to actively compile after the adoption of Christianity on the sample of the Byzantine chronicles.

The most complete from those who came to the present day is the "Tale of Bygone Years", which was written at the turn of the XI-XII centuries. At the same time, the author, first of all, is interested in the ancient Russian state, therefore special attention is paid to the glades and Novgorod words, while information about the rest of the tribes is extremely scarce.

Eastern Slavs settlement

The settlement of East Slavic tribes actively begins in the VII-VIII centuries. Initially, the Dnieper river was dwelling by Polyana, in the north they are located northerners, mainly in the area of \u200b\u200bthe gums, the Drevlyan was taken by the North-Western regions.

Dvregovichi settled between the Dvina and Pripyat, and the half-pool lived along the river of the Pole. Curvoes moved land in the Dnieper area, Volga and Dvina.

In the Western and South Bug, too, were the territories of East Slavic tribes. There lived a duleba or bell, some of them moved to the west with time, mixed with Western Slavs.

The dominant role in which East Slavic tribes, where they lived, have played customs and language, special ways of doing economy. The key activities for several centuries remained agriculture (growing barley, wheat, millet), some cultivated rye and oats. Massively bred homemade bird and cattle.

Anty.

If you deepen in an ancient story again, then we learn that Antairs are one of the Rannesian tribes, from which many of the tribes of the Eastern Slavs occurred. Nowadays it was possible to restore the ideas about their life and the economy as fully as possible.

Now we can argue that Antairs lived in rural settlements, which were sometimes strengthened. Mostly they were engaged in agriculture, arable business. The processing of metals was widespread, the archaeologists more than once found bronze and iron workshops of Ants. East Slavic tribes and their neighbors not only fought with each other, but in peaceful periods actively exchanged, trading business. First of all, we are talking about goths, Scythians, Sarmatians, Roman provinces.

Already at that time, the most first forms of social organization are created, unions and association are formed.

Krivichi

One of the most famous East Slavic tribes - Curvichi. They were mainly engaged in agriculture, handicrafts and cattle breeding. Smolensk, Izborsk, Polotnsk belonged to their key cities. In a broad sense, it was the Union of East Slavic tribes, which was finally formed in the VIII-X centuries. According to the most common hypothesis, the curviti was included in the ancient Russian nation. They treat East Slavic tribes along with other oldest tribes of that time.

By the XI century, the Polotsk and Smolensk Principality and part of Novgorod possessions were located on the territory of Krivichi. We can get basic information about the "Tale of Bygone Years", in which it is argued that they lead their origin from the shelter.

Where did Crivichi live?

Crivichi settled most of the modern Belarus in several centuries. With them, they adjinted Dregovichi and Radmichi. Since ancient times, Crivichi interacted closely with Varyags, and the Byzantine Emperor Konstantin VII recalled about them that they did boats, which could go to the Tsargrad himself.

According to the most common version, in 980 the last prince of Krivich was killed, whose name was Rog Volodya. Made this Novgorod Prince Vladimir Svyatoslavich.

After the formation of Kievan Russia, Crivichi took part in the colonization of Eastern lands, partially assimiced there.

Vyatichi

Another important East Slavic tribe - Vyatichi. They are located in the Oka basin in the VIII-XIII centuries. From the "Tale of Bygone Years", we can find out that in the 9th century, Naznychi began to live under the Khazars who paid tribute. Management, as in most other neighboring tribes, was carried out by Prince and Veche. Judging by the archaeological finds, Vnatichi actively participated in international trade.

The power of the prince of East Slavic tribes was very limited by a powerful evening, that is, the People's Assembly. Moreover, it was the initial branch of the management in tribes, because it was exactly the "organization" invited Rurik to prince.

Presumably, he entered him adult men. All those who were in the meeting, united not related ties, and public social functions. Most likely, it was a very militarized community.

In the second half of the 19th century, Vynhatichi was subordinated by Kievan Rus after the campaigns of Prince Svyatoslav.

Drevlyan

The names of East Slavic tribes are largely determined by the place of residence. One of them, which deserves a separate mention, Drevlyan. Mostly they lived in the Ukrainian Polesie (Forest, Wood Strip).

As long as the Kiev Rus was not subordinated, had a very developed state organization. The political center of the tribe was based in the city of Earrows, with time, moved to Ovruch.

The tribe is also known. They lived in the upper reaches of the Dniester and Dnieper. On the territory of modern Gomel and Mogilev regions of the current Belarusian. The first written evidence that confirm their existence belongs to the end of the 9th century.

As a result of archaeological excavations, a large number of burials of the radiramics were found, which were carried out on the ceremony of the troves. They are characterized by burial fires with oval outlines, while in such mounds of the dead lay on a fire in the direction from the west to the east. It is noteworthy the structure of the burial fires, which resembled the so-called home-teremki.

In most Kurgans there are no personal belongings. Most likely, they burned down her dot on the funeral bonfires. By the way, the burial traditions were similar and among other East Slavic tribes. For example, the nesting mounds are known in places where curviti lived.

Kievan Rus

Ancient East Slavic tribes should be attributed not only to curvacres, races, but also polished, Pskov, Pskov, Zveliyan, Bolowhov, Bujan, Narevian, Northerners, Tivers, Radmich.

Over time, they began to unite. The state in which all Eastern Slavic tribes entered is Kievan Rus.

It originated in the 9th century due to the dynasty of the princes of Rurikovich, who combined East Slavic and Finno-Ugric tribes among themselves.

During his highest heard, the Kievan Rus occupied the territory of the Dniester in the West, the Taman Peninsula in the south, northern Dvina in the north, the tributaries of the Volga in the East.

Already by the XII century, feudal wars began within the state, in which about one and a half dozens of Russian principalities were involved, which were led by representatives of various branches of Rurikov's dynasty.

Kiev has lost its former majesty and importance, the principality itself was in the collective ownership of the princes, but Russia existed later, as an ethnocultural region, which played a decisive role in the unification of Slavic lands.

East Slavic Unity

The union of East Slavic tribes refers to the end of the 9th century. It was then that the Novgorod Prince Oleg, who, most likely, was Varyague by origin, decided to unite power in his hands over Novgorod and Kiev. In the chronicle, this event dates back to 882 year.

As a result, the class of early referring ancient Russian state is formed, from which Kievan Rus appeared. This moment has become a turning point in the history of Eastern Slavs. But not everything went smoothly. In some lands, the princes from Kiev was greeted by the fierce resistance of local feudalists, which was suppressed only with the help of weapons.

Drevlyan resistance

Some of the most stubborn were Drevlyan, with them the longest struggle was conducted. When, during the next campaign, Prince Igor decided to gather a double tribute from the Rod, they broke his squad and deprived his life himself.

Instead of Igor, his wife Olga, who finally, using tough measures, was subordinated to the Ridge directly Kiev. Their capital, which was in the city of Earrows, was fully destroyed.

At the same time, the centers of East Slavic tribes are formed, which, ultimately, are subordinate to Kiev. Thus, under Vladimir Svyatoslavich, the land of Vyatichi and the modern North Caucasus entered the Kiev. When the early refortion state was finally formed, more favorable conditions were created for economic growth and maintenance.

Soon, more favorable conditions for economic growth and maintenance of the country began to be formed. But these processes were associated with restrictions on freedoms, peasants, as evidenced by numerous sources.

Neighbors of Slavs

East Slavic tribes and their neighbors often collaborated with each other. In this article, we have already called a few tribes, which most often had to intersect the Slavs.

Now consider this question in more detail. In the West, the main neighbors of the eastern Slavs were the German and Celtic tribes. In the east, the Finno-Ugors and Balts lived, among them there were Sarmatians and Scythians, some of which are considered to be the ancestors of modern Iranians. Over time, they are increasingly more active than Hazars and Bulgars.

From the south, the Greeks, Romans, Illyrians, ancient Macedonians traditionally adjointed with the Slavs.

In the Byzantine chronicles, it was not emphasized in the Byzantine, that the neighborhood with Slavic tribes was turned around by a real disaster. Also seriously worried about the neighborhood and numerous German peoples, as the bold raids were regularly accomplished, as a result of which the most fertile lands were captured, residential buildings and economic buildings were destroyed.

The situation in some way changed in the VI century, when Turkic tribes arose in the neighboring territories. They began to lead a fierce struggle with the Slavs for land located in the Danube and Dniester areas. Moreover, some Slavic tribes over time passed to the side of the Turks, which put their ultimate goal of the seizure of the Byzantine Empire. As a result of a long war, the Byzantines were completely involved in the Western Slavs, but the southern could defend their independence.

Eastern Slavs are a large group of related peoples, which today has a more than 300 million people. The history of the formation of these peoples, their traditions, faith, attitude with other states is important points in history, as they answer the question of how our ancestors appeared in ancient times.

Origin

The issue of origin of the Eastern Slavs is interesting. These are our story with you and our ancestors with you, the first mentions of which are dated to the beginning of our era. If we talk about archaeological excavations, scientists find artifacts, indicating that the nationality began to form before our era.

All Slavic languages \u200b\u200bbelong to the Unified Indo-European Group. Its representatives stood out as a nationality about the 8th millennium to our era. The ancestors of the Eastern Slavs (and many other peoples) off the coast of the Caspian Sea lived. Approximately in the 2nd millennium BC, the Indo-European group broke up on 3rd and nation:

  • Preermen (Germans, Celts, novels). Filled Western and South Europe.
  • Baltoslavy. They settled between the Vistula and Dnipro.
  • Iranian and Indian peoples. Severated in Asia.

Approximately in the 5th century BC, baltoslands are divided into balts and Slavs, already in the 5th century of our era Slavs, if briefly, divided into eastern (Eastern Europe), Western (Central Europe) and South (Balkan Peninsula).

To date, the eastern Slavs include: Russian, Belarusians and Ukrainians.

The invasion of the Gunnov tribes into the territory of the Black Sea region in the 4th century destroyed the state Greek and Scythian. Many historians call this fact the root cause of the future of creating ancient state eastern Slavs.

Historical reference

Settlement

An important issue is how the development of new territories occurred by the Slavs, and how their resettlement occurred in general. There are 2nd theories of the appearance of Eastern Slavs in Eastern Europe:

  • Autochthonne. It assumes that the Slavic ethnical was originally formed on the Eastern European Plain. The theory put forward historian B. Fishermen. There are no significant arguments in its favor.
  • Migration. It assumes that Slavs migrated from other regions. Solovyov and Klyuchevsky argued that migration was from the territory of the Danube. Lomonosov talked about migration from the Baltic Territory. There is also a theory of migration from the regions of Eastern Europe.

At about 6-7 centuries, Eastern Slavs settled the territory of Eastern Europe. They settled on the territory of the Ladoga and Lake Lake in the north and to the Black Sea coast in the south, from the Carpathian mountains in the West to the Volga territories in the East.

The 13th tribes lived on this territory. Some sources speak of 15 tribes, but the historical confirmation does not find this data. Eastern Slavs in ancient times consisted of 13 tribes: Vntychi, Radmichi, Polyana, Polokhan, Volynian, Ilmen, Dregovichi, Drevlyan, Oitlini, Tivers, Northerners, Curvichi, Dulyby.

The specificity of the settlement of the Eastern Slavs on the Eastern European Plain:

  • Geographical. There are no natural barriers, which facilitate movement.
  • Ethnic. The territory lived and migrated a large number of people with different ethnic composition.
  • Communicability. Slavs settled close to captivity and unions, which could have influence the ancient state, but on the other hand could share their culture.

Map of the settlement of the eastern Slavs in antiquity


Tribes

The main tribes of the Eastern Slavs in antiquity are presented below.

Polyana. The most numerous tribe, the shores of the Dnieper, south of Kiev. It was Polyan who became the flow of the formation of an ancient Russian state. According to the chronicles in 944, they stopped calling themselves by Poles, and began to use the name Rus.

Slovenia Ilmensky. The most northern tribe, which settled around Novgorod, Ladogi and the Church of the Lake. According to Arab sources, Ilymena, together with Curves, formed the first state - Slavia.

Krivichi. They settled the north of Western Dvina and in the top of the Volga. Main cities - Polotsk and Smolensk.

Polochana. Seed south of Western Dvina. An insignificant tribal union that did not play an important role in the fact that the Eastern Slavs form the state.

Dregovichi. Lived between the Herman Nemman and Dnipro. Mostly settled along the River Pripyat. This tribe is known only to have their own principality, the main city of which was tours.

Drevlyan. Sensing the South River Pripyat. The main city of this tribe was embarkure.


Volynian. Sensored. More Drevlyan in the origins of the Vistula.

White Croats. The most western tribe that was located between the rivers of the Dniester and Vistula.

Duleby. There were east of white Croats. One of the weaker tribes that existed for a short time. Voluntarily entered the Russian state, after breathing at Buzhan and Volynan.

Tivertsy. Occupied the territory between the rod and the Dniester.

UTI. They settled between the Dniester and the Southern Bug.

Northener. Basically, they occupied the territory attached to the Desna River. The center of the tribe was the city of Chernigov. In the future, several cities are formed on this territory, which are known today, for example, Bryansk.

Radmichi. Seel between Dnipro and the gums. In 885, they were attached to the Old Russian state.

Vyatichi. There were along the sources of Oka and Don. According to the chronicle, the ancestor of this tribe was legendary Vyatko. At the same time, in the 14th century there are no references to Vyatichi in the chronicles.

Tribal unions

The eastern Slavs had 3 strong breeding unions: Slavia, Favoria and Artania.


In relations with other tribes and countries, Eastern Slavs carried out attempts to capture raids (mutual) and trade. Basically connected to:

  • Byzantine Empire (raids of Slavs and mutual trade)
  • Varyagi (scales of Varyag and mutual trade).
  • Avars, Bulgars and Khazars (raids on Slavs and mutual trade). Often these tribes are called Turkish or Turks.
  • Finno-Ugry (Slavs tried to capture their territory).

What did you do

Eastern Slavs mainly engaged in agriculture. The specifics of their resettlement caused the ways of treating the Earth. In the southern regions, as well as in the area of \u200b\u200bthe Dnieper, the black earth soil dominated. Here the Earth was used to 5 years, after which it was exhausted. Then people moved to another site, and the exhausted was restored 25-30 years. This method of agriculture is called arrange .

The North and Central District of Eastern European Plain was characterized by a large number of forests. Therefore, the ancient Slavs first cut down the forest, burned it, the ashes fell and only then proceeded to field work. Such a plot was fertile for 2-3 years, after which it was left and switched to the next. This method of agriculture is called handling-fireman .

If you try to briefly describe the main activities of the Eastern Slavyan, the list will be as follows: agriculture, hunting, fishing, Bortfreathe (honey collection).


The main agricultural culture in Eastern Slavs in antiquity is millet. The skins of the curtain were predominantly used by Eastern Slavs as money. Much attention was paid to the development of crafts.

Beliefs

The beliefs of the ancient Slavs are called paganism, because it happened to worship a lot of gods. Mainly the deities were associated with natural phenomena. Almost every phenomenon or an important component of the life that Eastern Slavs professed, a certain god was consistent. For example:

  • Perun - God Lightning
  • Yarilo - the Sun God
  • Striboga - the God of Wind
  • Hair (Velez) - a patron of cattle breeders
  • Mokosh (Makos) - Goddess of Fertility
  • Etc

Ancient Slavs did not build temples. They suffered rites in the groves, on the glades, at stone idols and other places. The fact that almost the entire fabulous folklore in terms of mysticism belongs precisely to the era studied. In particular, Eastern Slavs believed in Leshgo, houses, mermaids, water and others.

How did the classes of Slavs affected the paganism? It was the paganism, which was at the heart of which lay a worship before the elements and elements affecting fertility, formed the attitude of the Slavs to agriculture, as the main lifestyle.

Public way


The "first Slavs" - "Tale of Bygone Years" did not reach us in its original form. Neusal Slavs neighbors: Khazars and Varyags. Varangian warrior. What did the word "Rus" mean? 1. What is a "pedigree"? 3. Origin and settlement of Slavs. Among the Scandinavian tribes was not the people of Russia (RUOTSI). Khazar warrior. By VIII century Khazars conquered the tribes of the Pollas, Northerners, Radmich, Vyatichi.

"The ancestors of Slavs" - the Slavic tribe had to be treated and move to other lands. Benches, tables and all homemade utensils were made of wood. From the animal skins did clothing for student winters. And in the summer, when it was warm, men worn only shirts yes pants. A fast arrow will catch up with a hare in the field, and a bird in the sky. It is only necessary to catch it, and it was possible to get fur.

"Ancient Eastern Slavs" - commands mermaids, abdominal and other water inhabitants. A big holiday from the mermaids - Kupala. (Conversation). What role did our ancestors assigned? The house is a patron at home. Dazhibogu was at the Public Slavs by the God of the Sun. Handling agriculture. Myth in its own way explains the origin of the Earth and man.

"The gods of the ancient Slavs" - rivers. From history ... Dogoda, Marshmallow. Underworld gods. - dominic over the Underworld. Sent, pleasure. Polkans Magi Voltz Volkhovets Slavs Rudotok. Cors, god of drunkenness. Svva, goddess of fruits. Light, sun, vital heat. Zimzherl, or Zimster, Spring. Mogochka, earthly fruits.

"Religion of Slavs" - the God of the Sun was called Chorea (Khoros) or Yarilo. Among the Slavs were common worship of the sun. Head idol is crowned with cap. Others suggest the connection of mumps with spinning and weaving .. Eastern Slavs. Leader: Kalashnikova T.V. Religion, rituals. Mokosh (Makosh) - a female deity, still remaining unparthanded to the end.

"Unions of Eastern Slavs" - all. White Croats. Illustrations picked up Frolov Dima. Measure. Dryagovichi. Ilmenie Slovenia. Avara. Slavs believed in the afterlife and revered their ancestors. Noble people existed polygamy. Civil uprising. Eastern Slavs were pagans. Bloodworn community. Roof wing with fooled clay branches.

Total in the topic 34 presentations