Consultation

Decorative and applied creativity in Dow.

Aesthetic perception, performance, feelings are developing in decorating on decorative and applied painting, the touch experience is accumulated, it is promoted. Children develop mental processes: comparison, analysis, synthesis, generalization. Classes on decorative and applied painting in kindergarten for the formation of collective forms of work, the ability to work agreed, together, providing assistance to comrades. The ability to enjoy the successes of each, the achievements of the whole team of the group develop. The training of decorative and applied painting of preschoolers encompass the large potential opportunities for the full development of the child. However, these opportunities can be implemented only when children will gradually master this activity in accordance with the age characteristics and will receive satisfaction from it. If children do not feel the joy from the creativity created and the process does not cause have a good mood, Gradually, this will lead to loss of interest in the painting. In this regard, at the beginning there is a task to find ways to optimize activities. The greatest educational effect gives acquaintance of preschoolers with the decorative and applied art of art crafts. Products of folk masters are characterized by a sense of material, organic unity of the practical orientation of a thing with its decor, a national flavor. Task teacher - direct creative process preschoolers. Decorative and applied art is considered as part of a system of classes in visual art in kindergarten in general. The leading goal is to achieve the close unity of labor, moral and aesthetic education For the comprehensive development of the personality of each child. Leading factors for building a system of educational and creative tasks: - system and comprehensive planning educational goals and tasks in decorative drawing; - system selection of works of people's decorative applied art, objects of reality for the aesthetic knowledge and decorative work of children; - a variety of methods, techniques of pedagogical guidelines, accounting for assessing the levels of aesthetic educational in the results achieved by children in decorative work.

Approximate forms of aesthetic knowledge of children

Sample types of decorative work

1. Familiarization of S. flower pattern In articles of the Masters of the modern town and Polkhovsky Maidan. 2. The concept of pattern, rhythm. 3. The simplest techniques of the folk brush painting (the berry of the reception of the tick; a leaflet of the introduction of a brush; decorative flower "Rosan"). 4. Interpretation of techniques.

Independent execution of the design of sketches of objects, in the decoration of which the simplest ornamental compositions are possible: alternating elements in the strip (for decorating the backrest of a children's chair, a window-fabulous house of a fabulous house, ornamented freesome band for decorating a room, etc.).

1. Acquaintance with the Russian Matrychka, with a Russian wooden and clay toy. 2. Elementary concepts of unity of practical purpose, design and pattern (ornamental composition). 3. Elementary concepts about creating a decorative image based on processing and generalization of objects of reality. 4. The simplest techniques of folk brush painting. 5. Interpretation of receptions.

Self-execution Sketches of toys. Painting of toys performed in labor classes according to sketches.

1. Familiarization with plot-decorative painting in household products of the masters of the North, in the Laca Miniature of Phane. 2. Aesthetic, evaluation of reality phenomena in a decorative image. 3. Receptions people's painting, Silhouette value as decorative compositions.

Independent performance of sketches of artistic things, in the decoration of which the simplest plot-decorative compositions are possible: the painting of the kitchen cutting board, the painting of a memorable cup, the painting of the souvenir box for the Russian gingerbread, etc.

1. Acquaintance with works of masters of folk ceramics Gzhel,.

2. The concept of the relationship of the practical purpose of ceramic products with visual elements in the appearance of an artistic thing in general. 3. Further understanding of the creation decorative image Based on the recycling of forms of real animals and birds.

Independent performance of sketches of artistic things based on the unity of the decorative image and the practical purpose of the subject: the sketch of the figure vessel, the oil, the kettle, the candlestick, the figurines for the fountain in the Children's Park, etc.

Tasks for familiarizing preschoolers with decorative and applied art.

1. Formation in children of emotional responsiveness and interest in samples of people's decorative and applied arts, upbringing in children of desire to engage in such activities. 2. To form aesthetic attitude towards the surrounding reality by means of folk decorative and applied arts. Educate respectful attitude towards the work of people's masters; National pride for the masters of the Russian people. 3. Formation of generalized knowledge and skills: - Ability to distinguish styles most famous species decorative painting: Khokhloma, Gorodetskaya, Dymkovskaya, Gzhel, and others. (Understanding by children characteristic features products of various folk crafts); - the development of children's characteristic elements, color, composition, the ability to create expressive patterns on paper and volumetric subjects; - Education at the same time feelings of form, rhythm, symmetry. 4. Develop creativity, fantasy, associative thinking and curiosity, observation and imagination. 5. Show the relationship of folk decorative and applied, oral and musical art.

An approximate distribution of material to familiarize yourself with decorative and applied art under the program "Fine activity in kindergarten".

The second younger group. In the second junior group Begin to form interest in the visual arts. Children teach to notice the brightness of the color images in the picture, illustration, folk toy (Dymkovskaya, Filimonovskaya, Matriake). The viewing is organized so that the child can allocate the shape, color, decoration elements. Children of the 4th year of life provides for 1-way painting per week. In "Methodological Recommendations", the program does not allocate a specific number of special decoration on decorative art in this age group, but passing the software with children, we teach to consider and draw elements of the folk pattern: ring ("Decoration Dress Doll"), circles of different sizes ( "Plate for a bunny"), leaflets (draw a mixing method) and at the end school year Draw the pattern "Cage" ("Card for Matryoshka"). We learn to draw a rhythmic pattern, position the pattern below, in the corners, in the center, which corresponds to the composition folk ornament. By the end of the year, children can: - show emotional responsiveness in the perception of works of decorative and applied arts, toys; rejoice in the work created by them; - Know the names folk toys (Matryoshka, Dymkov toy).

Medium group. The program for visual activities for the Central Group provides for decorative drawing and decorative appliqué. During a year on decorative drawing 4 - 10 lessons (The remaining 30 classes are discharged to the development of substantive and plot drawing, as well as to create drawings on the purpose of children). With the beginning of the school year, decorative drawing is introduced on the basis of dating children with folk decorative - applied art (Dymkovskaya, Filimonovskaya, Kargopol, Kalininsky clay toy ceramic tableware). When creating decorative compositions in drawing, general is put tasks: - To form the ability to create decorative compositions based on Dymkovsky, Filimonic patterns; - Teach children to have a pattern on paper of one or another form, - to highlight the elements of the pattern. Considering with pupils, the objects of folk art, the teacher teaches them to see and highlight the elements of the pattern: strokes, points, rings, circles, straight lines (children are familiar with the images of these elements). Each type of folk art has its combinations of colors and shades. The educator should show this when viewed, draw the attention of children on a variety of colors. For example, the Dymkov toys uses such colors as red, blue, green, yellow, etc., which are brightly stand out on a white background; Pattern is present black - small dots, screenshots adorning large elements. The teacher explains that beauty depends on the repetition of the same elements of the same color. Children learn to compile symmetric patterns on paper of different shapes: stripe, square, rosette, circle. New form - Rosette is close to the square, a circle in that the angles (petals) and the middle are also decorated here. For classes to be more efficient, drawing up the pattern is better to connect with the decoration of things. Children decorate the track (strip), tablecloth, plate (square, circle), paint cloth mom on the dress. Game motivation is present at each lesson. The success of learning decorative drawing largely depends on how interesting the teacher organizes the perception of products, whether it uses gaming techniques, surprise moments. On the basis of one of the types of folk arts, 2-3 classes can be held. For example, preschoolers paint the rug (stripes) for the Drykovsky doll using one of the elements of the pattern - circles, decorated as children seen on the Dimkovsky toy. Then, it is possible to offer to decorate a strip of 2-3 elements - circles and strokes or ovals, alternating them, and introduce screenshots in them, points. From the first lessons, the teacher teaches pupils to choose a color for each element, coloring painting. Preschoolers learn to alternate stripes (lines) wide and narrow, lines and circles, lines and ovals (strokes). We must give the child the opportunity to choose the color for the elements of the pattern and their decorations. For painting, children can give the silhouettes of animals, the figurines of the young lady, cut out of paper. When children are omnut dymkovsky painting, You should introduce them to a Filimon toy. It is important that children notice, singled out the similarity and difference of Filimonovsky and Dymkovsky toys. During the year, several classes should be held on which each child chooses the paper shape, pattern elements, color and creates its pattern. In addition, when image items, it is advisable to sometimes offer children to decorate them (dress, apron doll); Draw a fabulous house, magic fish, bird. Focusing on the skills that preschoolers purchased earlier in drawing classes. Some educators, preparing for decorative drawing, draw samples and require accurate playback of their playback, considering that copying the sample, the child will learn how to draw up patterns on the items of different shapes. However, it is not. The usual to accurately perform only the shown pattern, the child is often not at all mastered ways to create a decorative composition, the ability to transfer the knowledge gained and skills to other conditions of activity; It does not understand that with the same location, the elements of the pattern may be different. The child must provide the opportunity to create. By the end of the year, children can: - allocate means of expressiveness of the Dymkov and Filimonovsky toys; - Decorate the silhouettes of toys with elements of the Dymkov and Filimonovsky painting.

Senior group. During a year 18 lessons allocate decorative drawing. The rest are discharged to master the subject, scene drawing, drawing from nature, as well as to create drawings on the purpose of children.

When creating decorative compositions, the following are set tasks: - continue to acquaint children with products of folk crafts - to fix and deepen knowledge about the Dymkovskaya, Filimonovskaya, Kargopol toy; - to acquaint with Gorodetskoy, Khokhloma, Zhostovsky painting, painting Polhov-Maidan, painting decorative fabrics; - to learn to identify the characteristic elements of the composition, the color system; - fix the skill to perform a decorative pattern on paper of different shapes; - develop a sense of rhythm, colors, compositions; - develop creativity, interest in decorative and applied art. IN senior group Children continue to learn to make a pattern based on folk art. Teacher teaches pupils to allocate the features of each type of painting. The sequence of familiarization with the painting:

Aesthetic perception of products of folk masters. Determination of the type of painting, applied direction of the product: dishes, board, decorative panel, toy). Pattern perception: Isolation of the pattern of the pattern (for example, in the city painting - flowers, leaves, birds), determination of the color of the pattern and its connection with the appointment of the subject. The preschoolers need to bring up the ability to make up, symmetrical patterns on paper of different shapes (strip, square, rosette, circle, polygon, oval), highlighting the middle, corners, kaym; Create a fabric pattern, alternating elements (striped, checkered ornament, filling the entire sheet 2-3 elements by combining large and small forms); decorate volumetric forms - stuccoing, work from cardboard (boxes, glasses). It should be encouraged to use the geometric elements in the pattern: rings, circles, points, straight and wavy lines, curl; Plant ornament: flowers, leaves, berries.

To the perception of works of people's decorative - applied arts of children has already been attached to the second younger and medium groups. They were offered to sign the silhouettes of Dymkovsky and Filimonovsky toys. In the senior group, this work continues. When drawing on the motives of the city painting, you need to draw the attention of children on the features of its color and composite solution: in the middle a large flower is depicted, and the left and right - the same color and size of flowers, leaves. Teacher teaches pupils to see the beauty of the combination of pink and dark red, blue and blue, role white color in the revitalization of the drawing; I introduces leaf decorations. At first, having considered one simplest flower-bud, the children decorate them a strip or square, placing different leaves, combining shades, colors. After the children are depicting 2-3 flower, the educator shows general principle: At first, all colors draw a circle (pink, blue, orange), then a small circle and arc or a few arcs, picking up the color to the shade (blue and blue, pink and dark red). At the same time, it emphasizes that, depending on how arcs are located, images are obtained for a variety of colors. Then, considering with children objects or illustrations with Gorodetskoy painting (chest, board, decorative panel, dish, etc.), you should pay attention to the fact that the combination large flower With smaller is the basis of the city composition. When viewed by the Khokhloma painting, the teacher notes that the more easier the curls, the characteristic the pattern will be. It is important to show children like a wavy line, curl fill in the form: striped (chair back), square, rectangle (chair, table), circle (decorative plate, panel, etc.); How curl curls around the glade, barrel, etc. It is necessary to teach them to draw lines, curls are easily, the end of the brush. Patterns should be selected the simplest, taking into account the possibilities of preschoolers. Children choose the color of the paper (red, yellow, black) and paint color for the pattern elements so to pass it with brightness, beautiful combination with background. They draw light curls and bright spots of large berries or cluster berries, decorating a twig of a small herb, which runs throughout the curl (wavy line). Acquaintance with Khokhloma painting takes place on the same scheme. It is always necessary to remember that the leading activity of preschoolers is a game. Therefore, at each lesson should have revenge play motivation for children. During the year, for each type of folk decorative and applied art, 2-3 drawing classes are carried out. First of all, it is advisable to refer to the species that are characteristic of this area (area). At the last lesson, children make up on paper (strip, square, circle, etc.) the pattern by the type of painting with which they got acquainted. The paper shape chooses himself. Paper sets prepare an educator. These classes are final and give teacher the opportunity to identify the level of development of perception, ideas about the form of folk arts, skills in drawing up patterns. During the year, 5-6 tasks are discharged on drawing on the plan. Children themselves make up a decorative pattern, randomly drawing different elements, picking up in your own color. Performing various compositions. It is advisable for creating symmetric patterns for things (handkerchief, sweaters).

By the end of the year, children can: - to show interest in the works of people's decorative and applied art; - Allocate expressive means in different kinds of art (shape, color, composition, flavor); - perform patterns based on folk decorative and applied arts; - use different techniques and elements to create a pattern; - Select colors in accordance with one or another type of decorative art.

Preparatory group. During a year 18 lessons allocated on decorative drawing (The rest are discharged to master the subject, scene drawing, drawing from nature, as well as to create drawings on the plan of children). Tasks: - continue to develop decorative creativity children; - develop the ability to create patterns based on popular paintings, already familiar to children and new (Gorodetskaya, Gzhelskaya, Dymkovskaya, Zhostovskaya, Filimonovskaya, Tverskaya et al.); - to learn children to allocate and transmit the color gamut of the national decorative art of a certain species; - consolidate the ability to create compositions on sheets of paper of different shapes, silhouettes of objects and toys; - Consolidate the skill in the preparation of a decorative composition based on that lily other type of folk art use the elements of the pattern and the flower gamut characteristic.

In the preparatory for school, the Children make up patterns based on folk art on paper of different shapes (square, circle, rectangle, polygon, oval, etc.), paint their work from clay. Children make up a symmetrical pattern, as in the older group, and, in addition, introduced new composition - asymmetric, such as Khokhloma and zhostovsky RospiseWhen curls or flowers fill the surface of the form. Classes The educator should plan in a certain sequence. Each type of decorative and applied art dedicated to several classes. The first lesson is given to the acquaintance of children with a product. Then there are 3-4 drawing classes. At each occupation, the tasks of the composition are clearly defined: the sheet form and the location of the pattern. For example, when drawing up the pattern on the city painting, the teacher teaches children to portray the simplest composition on the strip, decorate it with flowers, buds and leaves. Then children can make a composition of flowers on a square, a circle, an oval, depending on those subjects that they viewed in kind or on the illustration (table, chair, board, chest). When children digest the principles of composite arrangement and methods of drawing up the pattern, they are started to train the birds with the subsequent incorporation of the data of the elements into the composition with flowers. At each lesson, along with training tasks, it is necessary to envisage creative tasks. The child is proposed to choose the motives independently, the compositions of the composition, without breaking the painting features. In classes on the plan, children make a pattern of painting on paper of different shapes, using familiar motifs, picking up the color of the background and elements. Such classes allow the teacher to determine the level of pupils of pupils about painting and establish how freely they use acquired skills. The main technique of learning is to consider the pattern on the items, the selection of elements, their colors, positions. It can be used to circulate elements by hand, determining their place in the pattern. With the same purpose, the flannelugaph is applied, on which the tutor has ready-made forms, and then shows one or another composition of the composition or suggests this to do someone from children. At the beginning of the classes, it is advisable to carry out exercises with a duration of 2-3 minutes, in the course of which children learn to portray complex elements on a small sheet of paper. When teaching preschoolers, decorative drawing is widely used game techniques that increase the emotional attitude of children in class. So, for example, the analysis of children's work can pass as "visiting the exhibition." In the group, it is possible to organize exhibitions of objects of folk art (one or several species). By the end of the year, an exhibition of children's work, made in classes and in independent artistic activities can be organized.

By the end of the year, children can: - know different types of decorative and applied art; - call means of expressiveness; - to express aesthetic judgments about works of art; - create individual decorative compositions; - Use different materials and image methods in drawing.

Diagnostic examination of children to master the program on decorative and applied arts.

Criteria for the formation of children's knowledge about folk decorative art:

Knowledge of folk decorative and applied art; - Knowledge of the characteristic features of folk crafts; - the ability to draw an ornament in various geometric formsusing geometric and vegetable elements; - ability to decorate a paper silhouette with decorative painting; - ability to sculpt a clay toy; - The ability to paint the clay toy in accordance with the peculiarities of national fishery.

Programs for familiarizing preschoolers with decorative and applied art.

1. "Fine activity in kindergarten" (for classes with children 2-7 years), Publishing house "Mosaica-Synthesis", Moscow, 2006
2. "The joy of creativity" (familiarization of children with folk art, for classes with children 5 - 7 years old), Publishing house "Mosaica-Synthesis", Moscow, 2006
3. "Acquaintance of children of preschool age with Russian folk decorative and applied arts" (cycle of classes for children of senior preschool age), Publishing house "Scripture", Moscow, 2003
4. Schweiko G. S. "Classes on Fine Activities in kindergarten" (senior, preparatory group, program, abstracts), Vlados, 175 pp., 2008

Many works of folk masters are samples of genuine art in which the form, decor and content are in a non-historical unity. The people of the centuries chose in nature perfect forms, joyful combinations of flowers, stylized them and created new, surprising and glad to be ingenuity and taste. The brilliant heyday reached the art of all the peoples of our multinational Soviet country. Its diversity is pronounced in local national artistic traditions (plot, composite, color, technical), which is most convenient to follow the paintings of the masters of Khokhloma, Gorodzka, Zhostov, Zagorsk, Semenova, Polhov Maidana, Dymkov, Gzheli, in the patterns of Vologda Lace and Russian Naboye, in the ornaments of Uzbek ceramics and Ukrainian Male and in the works of masters of other national art centers. They are beautiful, full of optimistic globility, well express the form and can be used in working with children in order to educate artistic taste, love for their native nature, to the people and his art and, of course, for the development of technical and composite skills and skills.

The program "I am in the world" provides for such tasks on decorative drawing: to learn to draw on the motives of Ukrainian embroidery, ceramics, rowing, writing, folk toys; Perform patterns on a rectangle, square, circle, different flat paper shapes that mimic household items. Form the ability to rhythmically place the pattern elements over the entire area, along the edges, in the middle; Use pattern elements: lines, strokes, points, circles, rings; Color associations inherent in embroidery and ceramics. The program provides for the acquaintance of children with such species of Ukrainian decorative painting as: Petrikovskaya, Dymkovskaya, Gzhel, Polhov-Maidanovskaya, familiarity of children with Vasilkovskaya, Kosovo, Ospishenian ceramics.

Petrikovskaya painted. Petrikovka village in the Dnepropetrovsk region is one of the few, where the traditions of ancient folk craft are kept gently. The famous Petrikovsky painting has long become business card Ukraine. They were painted with brushes made of cat wool, matches, wrapped with soft matter, and just with her fingers. The paints were bred on eggs and milk, and the colors chose the brightest, under the colorful nature of the Dnieper. The hostess competed with each other, seeking to make their home in the most picturesque, and jealously looked at someone else's art. The most successful pains said: beautiful, as in the church. But if the hut remained white, the hostess stopped greeting, as with someone else's.

Masters of Petrikovsky painting use a variety of materials and devices - homemade brushes, pipettes, nipples, cotton sticks, toothpicks, squirrels brushes and simply masts.

Before starting painting, you need to breed paint. On the palette of the mastichine lay out a small amount of Gouashi, add PVA glue in proportions 2: 1, stirred everything with a masticine and, diluting with water, bring sour cream to delicate. For the first training work, it is enough to dissolve some one paint. Brush holds as ordinary pencilThe hand at the same time should rely on the table so that the smears obtained smooth and accurate. The basis on which you draw should be rotated in different directions - it is more convenient to keep a brush and perform the right strokes. The resulting flowers and leaves are drawn up with a thin tassel with darker paint, and small yellow dots depicting stamens are made in the opposite side of the tassel.

In the compositions of Petrikovsky painting, in addition to large, large colors and leaves, small elements are also depicted - these are small flowers, daisies, boutons, berries. Basically for small elements use a thin brush No. 1 or a brush from cat wool.

Small compositions in the form of cards are called "Miles". After completing all the previous exercises, you can begin marsh.

The color decision of Petrikovsky painting is very diverse and therefore always pleases the eye. And yet traditional color combination It is the greens of leaves and red shades of colors, and the auxiliary paints are yellow, burgundy and orange.

"Runners" - they are also called "tracks" or "friezes" - make up different products and household items, decorate decorative panels. In all friezes, rhythm is observed, both in the construction of the composition and in the color decision.

In Petrikovsky painting prevails, of course, a floral ornament, but many masters, in addition, are also depicting insects (grasshoppers, butterflies) and various birds, both real and fabulous (Petushkov, Sov, Firebirds, etc.). The painting is performed on paper, metal, glass, ceramics and wood (Appendix 1).

Dymkovskaya painted. At the low bank of the river Vyatka opposite the city of Kirov, the vintage wooden submarine Dimkovo is located. From time immemorial here, in a malfunctional terrain with a harsh climate, they were engaged in laying of clay toys depicting horses, deer, goats, clerk, turkeys, ladies, waterproofs, kormilits, riders, etc. This fishery was exclusively female. In the fall in the meadows prepared for the entire winter red clay, on the shallows of the river - clean sand. Mixing clay with sand and water, carefully kneaded to obtain a homogeneous mass. From the thick clay test, the large main parts of the toy were lepi and separately - small, which were then plunged and pricked with a wet rag. The winged toy was dried 2-4 days at room temperature and burned in a Russian oven on burning lanes and iron bends. By cooled, the surface of the product was flushed with chalk, divorced on the removed milk. 6-10 colors were prepared for work, for which the colorful powder was triturated on a cast-iron plate, a little water was added, and in front of the painting and a solid raw egg, resulting in egg tempera paint, which was applied a bright multi-colored painting on white background Toys. Painting starts with images of black paint two strands of hair; Thin rauchinka - "Icons" - apply two points of the eyes and thin arcs of eyebrows, the other with a label - the "spot" - the mouth and two red mug of the rumbling cheek are printed. The toy comes to life. At the second stage, exactly painted ("Mazhaut") with yellow or red paint headdress and other saturated color - sweatshirt. On the final stage A free brush improvisational applies pattern on a skirt, dress, apron, kokoshnik. The nature of the patterns of the clay Dymkovsky toy was determined by the generalized form of figures that required conditional decorative elements: circles, strips, straight and wavy lines, points and strokes, of which it consumes geometric ornament. At the same time, in the Dymkovsky pattern, the features of the natural color of animals were peculiar; Apples in the form of colored circles, rings, dots on the groats of horses, deer, cows and goats. In the ornamentation of the figures of people reflected woven patterns of linen mothers, embroidery, bright patterns of paintings of arcs, sled, rumor, etc. wide and narrow multi-colored stripes conducted by the entire brush or her acute end, create a patterned grid that resembles the color of the plaid tissue, or outlines the basis of the future Pattern. For these strips, small straight or wavy lines are carried out - snakes. Sometimes on both sides of the serpents put a thin wand color dots, evenly fill in the entire strip. Often, solid colored bands are replaced by strips from points and circles, decorated with two three short strokes or double crosses. Apply also in painting a mesh ornament from strips and cells filled with circles, dots and strokes. The color structure of the painting is determined by the predominance of warm or cold colors. In the first case, the brightness, such as yellow, orange and red elements is enhanced by small elements - blue or green. In another case, the sound of blue, blue and green colors is emphasized by a pink, red or orange element. Such a tactful inclusion of contrasting color in the painting increases its emotional impact on the viewer, helps to avoid color varnish, achieve a harmonious merger of all elements.

The simplicity of decorative elements and gouacheva technique, the variety of combinations of bright color figures attract the interest of children to ornamental creativity. (Attachment 1).

Gzhelskaya painted. Gzhel is an ancient village located in the Ramensky district of the Moscow region. Its name, as believed, it received from the words "Zgel", "burn", which expressed an important side of fire fishery. Here both in the surrounding villages rich in high-quality clays, ancient times were engaged in creating pottery and toys, which were always called Gzhel. The art of Gzhel masters is already in the XVIII century. reached high heyday. In the XIX century Gzhelie worked 50 porcelain-fayans plants and about 40 china painting workshops. Gzhel's dishes are distinguished by a large variety of forms and especially the beauty of painting, which made the wealth of the forms of nature and the expressiveness of traditional folk art.

The painting is applied to the surface of the burnt product with a free brush with ceramic paint, mainly blue cobalt. A wide stripe or a bouquet she highlights Tulovo as the main part Vessel, narrow tapes - the edges of the throat, bottom and handles. The pattern is always associated with the form, emphasizes its features and integrity. The main motifs of the painting were grass, cereals, birds, field and garden flowers - roses, asters, carnations, the shape of which is processed and becomes quite conditional, but picturesque and decorative.

A variety of technical techniques of work: clear strokes of petals and leaves of a dark blue or smear with soft blurred edges are applied with all the brush from rich paint, with different pressure; The end of the brush is applied veins, hatching and orally curved stalks and mustaches; A brush, moistened with paint on the one hand, turn around the cutter get a "smear with shadows", that is, a different image of a volumetric petal or leaflet. Often the dark blue color of the painting is enriched with a glitter of thin gold lines and strokes that depict the veins and the contours of the leaves and colors. If the white surface of the product is fully painted with cobalt, creating a cornflower-blue background, then painting is applied only with gold.

The painted product is covered with glaze, which for the firing forms a glossy transparent film that protects the painting, which is why the latter is called under-ferry. Absorbing multicolor painting is possible.

Love for your art, hard work and the talent of Masters Gzhel again caused an ancient symbols of happiness and dreams about beautiful - blue roses and blue birds - And the patterns and the world of things of man have been spiritualized. (See Attachment).

Oposhnian pottery artistic products

Oposhnaya ceramic products - Folk pottery articles with Anga (clay) underpowed painting, produced by artels in the city of the Polava region, the Topper has long been famous for its pottery, the manufacture of which has developed there thanks to the large deposits near her high-quality clays. The development of modern fishery leads its beginning from the XIX century, when the majority of the population of the soothe engaged in the production of peculiar decorative jugs for wine with a Baranki (Kumanzha), flasks, barrels on legs (barillas), balls, bowls and other dishes; Whistlelands (clay toys) in the form of animal figures and furnace facing tiles. Modern Oposhnian ceramic products have retained the cheerful character and a rich diversity of forms, among which, along with traditional national nationals, a number of new - vases appeared, decorative dishes, etc. The decorativeness and expressiveness of Oposhnian products are associated with their painting large plant ornamentCombined with simple geometric motifs without sharp broken lines having relaxed often rounded outlines. Flowers are very conditional in shape, on one branch, they often have absolutely different FigureThe character of them is close to Ukrainian multicolor wall painting, the execution technique gives them a certain specificity.

Oposhnaya dishes has a rather thin and smooth reddish yellow cutlets, a relatively low weight in relation to its size, clean finish. The college color is explained by the fact that the main part of The masses from which the dishes are performed is the light yellow plastic clay, in which, for its seal and the larger strength, a shard is added 25-- 30% dark brown clay. Economic dishes and sculptural vessels are molded on foot potter circles manually (pulled out of lumps of clay), some small panel parts (handles, spouts, stands) are grined in plaster forms, and then attached with liquid clay - slip. The painting is carried out by color Angobami (Fr. coating) cooked from a local white clay with small additions into it chalk, kaolina, sand and appropriate metal oxides that give Angoba one or another color. Red, yellow, cherry, dark brown, black, angoboba are cooked from a local red and yellow clay with additives of appropriate dyes. The painting is obtained by several embossed, protruding the background of the product, due to the imposition large number dense Angobov.

The painting on products is performed by women, the skill of which is transmitted from generation to generation; Made on paper, however, they do not drain creativity of masters: no one copies the samples, and the painting is performed in an infinite set of options. It is applied to the surface of the raised. But not yet burnt products, without any preliminary markup or judico, directly by color Angobom, with the help of a rubber pear, in the end of which a piece of straw is inserted, which makes it possible to get thin lines. First, the master puts the product on the pottery circle and, slowly rotating it, causes horizontal, straight and wavy stripes of different widths. Then, holding a product on the knee, it draws a contour pattern, starting with the largest elements that organize the entire composition and determine its main axes, the direction of movement of the scale. At the same time, the combination of colors is taken into account, since the master in accordance with its fantasy performs different parts of the drawing by Angobami different color. At the end of application contour drawingIt is painted, some contour elements are completely filled with in one color, the other is given an ornamental cutting. Large color spots are combined with the image of stems, grass, leaflets that help balance the entire composition give it integrity and completeness. The difficulty of making painting is that the real color of Angaob is detected under the icing only after firing. Master, drawing, should mentally imagine how the finished products will flavor. A special type of dishes of dishes with colored Angobami is the flank, which is performed mainly on bowls and is patterns from a combination of horizontal and vertical lines and stains on the background of a trekma of natural color or affluent. Performed with liquid Angobom. After painting, the product is covered with colorless glaze and burn. Some types of dishes are not decorated with painting, and completely watered with colored glazes - brown (manganese) and green (copper).

The whistles are made manually and paint the same way as dishes, only smaller and simple ornament.

The most common motifs are peas, leaves, strips. The painting emphasizes the conditional nature of the figures. Sculptural shape whistle is solved very generally. The smoothed surface is not modeled: the horns, the wings are enclosed separately and attached to the Tulu, which is glued together with the legs and head on a round wand, so that the whistle inside remains the hollow. Circle of animals and birds: horse, ram, goat, deer, pig, cow, rooster, etc. despite the conventions of the shape and painting of figures, they are very specific and depicted not fantastic creatures, but animals that exist in reality (Appendix 1 ).

Decorative and applied art in kindergarten

1. Historical patterns of development of decorative creativity

2. Tasks for acquaintance in kindergarten

3. Learning programs for decorative and applied arts

4. Methods of dating children with decorative and applied art

5. Practical part

1. Historical patterns of development of decorative creativity

Decorative art has passed a huge way of development - from elementary decorations with primitive people of various guns, clayware, clothes to a complex complex of numerous products in a modern interior, city. Development It went in several directions, or cuts. One of them is the genre development of decorative art. Decorative creativity captures in its orbit gradually an increasing range of environmental objects and today it became hardly universal. New genres arose and arise in it not only when retracts the decorative creativity of new phenomena, for example, shipbuilding in the X - XI centuries, typography in the XIV - XV centuries, gardening and park cases in the XVI - XVII centuries, etc. They also appear Due to the development of decorative processing technologies. Thus, in the XVII - XVIII centuries, European production of porcelain dishes occurs, soon pressing the development of small decorative plastics. In the XIX century, it is born and the result of the progress in metallurgy and metalworking the genre of the machine-artistic chakeanka, which was now widely widespread along with her new genre - the monumental, who came out on the street.

It is characteristic that soon after the appearance of the first electrical lighting devices, attempts are made to use them for the evening illumination of the city ("Russian Light" in Paris on the Eiffel Tower). Today, due to the simplicity and security of the device of complex electrical illumination systems, decorative theatricalization of space and actions with the help of light, used already in antiquity using torches (for example, torch processions), received a major scope.

On the genre development of decorative art, the social development of society has a significant impact on the democratization of life, involving all the largest sections of society into active activities. In particular, with the transition from the slave-ownership social and economic formation to feudal, the development of the actual decorative creativity and its peculiar genres begins, often unique among different peoples: embroidered or embroidered towels, clay toys, carved decorations of facades of the Lords, location, etc. in modern era Decorative creativity was marked by a large development of the amateur beginning, including amateur in children and schoolchildren. It firmly penetrated into public life, production and educational processes, becoming their necessary element in the form of wall newspaper, bulletin boards, invitation cards, posters, visual textbooks, etc.

A feature of the development of decorative art associated with the specifics of its aesthetic function to serve as artistic enrichment of the situation of life, is that his genres, once appearing, no longer dying. Some of them for a while, sometimes significant, as if forgotten.

There is no strict classification of decorative art genres. It is customary to distinguish them on the signs of material, the technique of execution and types of destination. Currently, there are the following main genres of decorative art: registration of interiors (household, public, industrial, training), design of museums, exhibitions and exhibition areas, gardening and park art, design of streets, including evening, on holidays, etc. , theatrical and decoration art, clothing, decorative household products and decorations, souvenirs and badges, toys, small graphic, shape, decorative poster and wall newspaper, steel chasing, monumental types of chasing, painting and graphics (included in the design of interiors, territories, streets) , tapestry, art furniture, jewelry, etc.

Another cut in the development of decorative art is the change of artistic styles.

In decorative creativity, the peculiar features of the artistic style are most brightly found in the organization and design of interiors, street and garden-park ensembles, that is, in specific to one or another era of principles, receptions and means of a comprehensive decorative environmental solution. The leading role of these genres in the style of development of all decorative art is due to the fact that the impulses of style development comes from the architecture with which these genres are associated with the most closely. Styles in architecture in their main features almost immediately find a response and support, development in decorative work. Therefore, the periodization of the latter styles mainly coincides with the style periodization of the architecture history. However, studying the history of decorative and applied arts, it must be borne in mind that there were separate periods when this kind of art played relatively with architecture a more important role in creating an artistic image of the interior. This applies, in particular, to the modern interior of residential and public buildings. Their architectural and construction basis is distinguished by constructive rationalism, one of the reasons for which are strict economic standards of mass construction.

The third slice of the historical development of decorative art - themes, motifs and plots of works, including ornamentation. Their change occurs in direct connection with the appearance in the decorative art of new genres and shift styles. In the subject of decorative art, they always found and will find a display of predominantly topics and motives that are associated with the economic and social activities of people. In the monuments of the art of nomadic tribes, we see almost exclusively images of animals, on which the interests and thoughts of man were concentrated. In the subject of decisive creativity of sedentary agriculturalities, vegetative peace and a variety of, sometimes cosmological, symbolism associated with the main cycles of the life of nature and agricultural activities are determined.

In subsequent centuries, the thematic structure of decorative art was significantly complicated. But it is still quite clearly traced, albeit often not direct, the impact of the main interests of the daily life of people. True, the distribution in Europe in the VI - X centuries of Christianity led to a certain leveling of local thematic features of decorative creativity, to the internationalization of themes and motives. Nevertheless, some specific national motives are preserved, especially in folk creativity, passioning in the composition of the pan-European type.

It was much more fixed and largely reached our days national features in the art interpretation, manner, handwriting forms and the nature of expressive techniques and means.

Today, in decorative art, there are also wide development of the theme and plots of modern economic and social activities of people, for example, such as industrial production, scientific research, space development, the struggle for peace, concern for the preservation of antiquity monuments, etc. Mainly it applies to Fine genres of decorative art: monumental painting, graphics, machine chasing. But in the ornamental genres, the influence of modern lifestyle is easily traced, indirectly expressed in laconism, accuracy and non-traditional rhythms, color combinations, textures, silhouette and other composite qualities of works.

The folk craftsmen are told in the Ipatiev chronicle. A visual idea of \u200b\u200bthe painfulness of the ancient choir give miniatures of witty of the Gospel. In the flasher of Svyatoslav, 1073 contain images of painted facades of buildings.

The folk craft of Kievan Rus was presented by the masters of many professions, including artistic and finishing.

The places of concentration of folk art crafts have been determined for a long time and are associated primarily with the presence of a natural material, as well as with the crossroads of trade routes, centers of culture and a number of other factors. By the XVI - XVII centuries on the lands of our state, the current geography of the crafts has already developed, their national and local originality has been determined in the formulation of the form, in the understanding of the material, in the drawing and plastic, color and decoration.

The close relationship of folk applied arts with all life of people, his conditions and traditions determined the features of truthfulness and emotional immediacy in it. So, it is not random the graphitics of monochrome, stingy on the color of the meter painting, the beginning of the country in the north. The constant desire of the peoples of solar Central Asia to a bright multicolor palette and in ceramics, and in the rowers, and in mosaic. Peoples often borrowed each other's execution technique, recipes for products and even their shape. But every time, hitting new conditions, the borrowed elements were recycled in the spirit of national traditions or acquired a new sound due to a peculiar national basis of products.

Folk applied art is often absorbing those or other achievements in the work of professional masters. Known, in particular, the role of the painters of the end of the XIX - the beginning of the 20th century in the activities of Moscow region and Smolensk artistic crafts, in the revival of Vyatka toys, in the development of small bone plastics.

The main view of the material of the artistic craft in the forest areas of the country since the ancient pores and to the present day is wood. Honor of its processing is the most different, such as carving in Sergiev Posad, Bogorodsky (Bogorodskaya carving) and Khotkov, a sharpening with coloring in Semenov, Khokhloma and Rodorce. For quite a long time, the technique of wood inlaiming with metal, colored stones, ancient pearl, "Turtle", as well as the technique of intarsia - a set of pictures or ornaments on the surface of objects and boards from various pieces of wood of various breeds, including valuable values.

In the central lane of the country, many products were produced from the vine of cherry and willow - in Kostroma, Kineshma, in the Ivanovo region. Beresta was almost universally used, from which bugs (Tuesks) for water, milk and kvass, nabinah, or baskets, for berries and mushrooms, boxes and peppers (view of a cloak box) were made. For the manufacture of various household products and toys, the straw of cereal plants was also covered (in the Baltic States and in the south - the reed, in the Caucasus - Bamboo).

The manufacture of clay dishes has always been one of the most common crafts throughout the country. From the century to the century it was improved: they learned how to pick up the grade of clay, knead it with additives, burn with various modes, pour glass, paint, stamping. Depending on the resources of raw materials and fuel, specialization appeared: pottery produced in Skopin, Balkhara, Dimkov, Chernigov, and others, Maitolika - in Gzheli, Kosovo, etc., Fayans and Porcelain - on the top Volga.

Clothing decoration is one of the most massive and distinctive types of creativity in all peoples of our country. The fabric, which is almost always the main material for making clothes, is exposed to the most diverse artistic finish. An ornament is stuffed with carved boards (Naboyaka), it is painted, embroidered, including pearls and beads, corrugated, decorated with knitted lace (Vologda, Vyatka, Elets, Ryazan, etc.). There was a fishery of patterned weaving in Russia, in Ukraine, in Belarus. In the Baltic States, in Ukraine and the Caucasus there has long been woolen knitting.

Railway, originally appeared in the nomadic farm, was perceived and developed by saddled peoples. In the north, carpets were made from the skins, in Kazakhstan and in the Mountain Caucasus - Valyan.

The settled agricultural peoples of Central Asia, Ukraine and other high perfection reaches a busy woven carpet produced by hand on large machines.

The north of the country was famous for fur and leather products. They embroidered on them with colored thread, beads, beads. Often in one product combined fur, leather and cloth. The skin was painted here and embossed (in the Baltic States), often tinting an embossed ornament.

Like clay products, metal products since sincerely received widespread distribution as a product of folk fishing. The metal was killed, bent, lily, coins, engraved, ink. Tin products in Zhostov signed. Of the metal was made a rather large circle of household products, gradually expanding. Often decorative parts made of metal, mostly from sheet and strip iron, used as building decorations with a useful function: smoke, aquarius, doors, and others. Widely they used in furniture.

In the northern regions of the country (Kholmogory, Tobolsk, Yakutia), a prominent place was taken by a small sculpture from the bone, engraving on the bezles of walrus, the sloping bone for the decoration of small utensils. When excavations of ancient Novgorod, a lot of bone products were also found, including chess pieces. South, for example, near Moscow in Khotkov, but especially in the mountainous regions of the Caucasus (Kislovodsk, Aules Dagestan, etc.) there is still fishery processing horns.

In the republics of the Baltic States to this day, an amber fishery occupies a prominent place. Since ancient times, Baltic has been an amber supplier for the whole world. Polish writer Ya. Makhovsky in the book "The History of Marine Piracy" wrote that Fleibusters, Corsairs, Kaperies specifically hunted behind the ships that went from the Baltic to Egypt with the cargo of amber. In Palanga, the Yantar Museum is currently created at the Tyshkevich Palace.

Later, the processing of stone (Ural, Altai) and the manufacture of glass products (Leningrad, Gus-Crystal, etc.) began to develop other fisheries.

In the central regions of Russia in late XIX. The century began to appear on the basis of iconography and paintwork. Wonderful lacquer miniature on small boxes and later on small scarves (Fedoskino, Paleh, Msters, Holly). This is one of the examples of a relatively recent appearance of a new genre in folk decorative and applied creativity. Also, gypsum casting also received a very large distribution (piggy banks in the form of cats, figurines), inadvertent pictures, etc. It should also be noted such, apparently, the ancient types of art crafts, such as the painting of eggs (Ukraine, South of Russia) and baking figured and patterned carved gingerbread ( Tula, Moscow, etc.).

In general, the variety of fishery is unusually. They appear, essentially, where there is some free material in stock and, of course, a certain artistic idea. Today, sometimes you can see in the market, for example, relatively slightly treated (without the plot) in the trunks of trees, interesting and something resembling roots of plants, etc. The glory of Russian masters of art crafts has long become a worldwide. Our country is rich in art dating. Only in the Russian Federation now employs over 70 thousand masters. Among them are prominent artists as a hero of socialist labor, People's Artist of the USSR N. Zinoviev, N. Vasilyeva Lacy, People's and Honored Artists of the RSFSR Paleshanin B. Yermolaev, Master of Khokhloma Painting O. Lushina, Kubachinsky R. Alikhanov and many others. Over the past few years, more than 30 artists of folk crafts have become laureates of the awards named after I.E. Repin. In different cities of the country, exhibitions of folk art are organized.

A huge role in replenishing the staff of artists belongs to modern school and children's preschool institutions, which fruitfully working in it to artists-teachers, many of which themselves are enthusiasts of decorative and applied creativity based on popular traditions.

2. Tasks for acquaintance in kindergarten

The task of developing the work of children, educators, teachers, teachers of universities was nominated as one of the central tasks of the entire education system in our country.

The development of creativity in society rejecting the "spiritual monopoly" becomes one of the priority tasks of the growing of the younger generation. Nowadays, it is emphasized by the need to form a new person who combines spiritual wealth, moral purity and physical perfection.

The tasks of the restructuring of the national education system in the country set in the documents of the reform of general education and vocational school, including its first links - preschool institutions, require the development of independence, initiatives and creativity of children in all areas of their activities. This work should begin with early childhood and are carried out by various means, among which the special place belongs to artistic and creative activities. One of these activities is decorative and applied art. It early begins to attract attention

In decorative on decorative and applied painting, aesthetic perception, performance, aesthetic feelings are developing. Sensory experience accumulates, it is prompted. Children develop mental processes: comparison, analysis, synthesis, generalization. Recently, the importance of decorative and applied painting classes in kindergarten is emphasized to form collective forms of work, the ability to work together, to act coordinated, together, provide assistance to comrades. The ability to enjoy the successes of each pupil, the achievements of the whole team of the group develop. All this creates a basis for education and further genuine collectivism, mutual demanding and at the same time comrade mutual assistance.

The training of decorative and applied painting of preschoolers encompass the large potential opportunities for the full development of the child. However, these opportunities can be implemented only when children will gradually master this activity in accordance with the age characteristics and will receive satisfaction from it. If children do not feel the joy from the created them, if they have a process of creativity, will not cause a good mood, and vice versa, children will experience dissatisfaction, disappearing from the fact that there is no conceived, then gradually it will lead to loss of interest in painting, and then their The impact on the comprehensive development of the individual will be not with a plus sign, but with a minus sign. In this regard, we were faced with the task of finding ways to optimize activities in order to increase its influence on the comprehensive education of the child's personality, the development of its abilities and creative potential.

Extremely important in the spiritual development of preschoolers, in their work and aesthetic education, in the preparation of them to work in the national economy has decorative and applied arts. People's decorative and applied art is an integral part of the culture, actively affects the formation of artistic tastes.

The high spiritual and ideological significance of people's decorative and applied art has a powerful impact on the formation of the inner world of children. Systematic classes of various types of artistic processing of materials have a beneficial effect on the development of the aesthetic taste of children and, at the same time, are associated with the acquisition of their skills necessary for further work. The technological process of processing materials is based on industrial equipment and at the same time it is impossible without the use of manual tools, the skills to own the work of the work of the joiner, the turner, the milling machine, stampers, the welder, the solder, the module, the electrician, the blacksmith M many others. By studying artistic processing of materials, preschoolers are mastering the skills of these specific professions, acquiring the skills of the creative approach to the fulfillment of labor operations.

Different types of artistic processing of materials forced children to involuntically come into contact with technical and technological tasks. Thanks to interest in these classes, enthusiasm, and perseverance and perseverance in work are brought up. Through the process of creating beautiful, aesthetically justified articles of decorative and applied art, it is idle, unobtrusively, but a very productive for children love for various professions.

Classes of decorative and applied art combines the foundations of many sciences that are important in the polytechnic development of children.

Decorative and applied art as no other type of educational work of preschoolers, allows us to simultaneously with their technical knowledge, the development of labor skills and skills, psychological and practical training for work, to the choice of profession to disclose the beauty, a huge spiritual value of the folk craftsmen products, Their high mastery and art, form aesthetic taste and aesthetic ideal.

Thus, the specificity of decorative and applied arts, expressed in the unity of the shape and practical appointment of a decorative thing, in the unity of labor skills, skills and artistic and aesthetic taste allows you to carry out an integrated approach to setting classes with decorative and applied arts in kindergarten, determines the organic unity of labor and aesthetic education of preschoolers. This unity is also due to the modern requirement of international standards in industrial products, which is expressed not only in the highly efficient level of the workflow, but also in the requirements of technical aesthetics.

The greatest educational effect gives acquaintance of preschoolers with the decorative and applied art of folk art fisys.

Products of folk masters are characterized by a sense of material, organic unity of utility (practical orientation) things with its decor, national flavor, high moral and aesthetic advantages. In folk art, there is so much raising charge (not only in finished products that are pleasing to the eye, but also in the process itself, in the technology of their creation), which naturally arises the question of its actively use in working with preschoolers.

The task of the educator is to direct the creative process of preschoolers, orienting them to study the samples of people's decorative and applied arts. The principle of orientation on folk art should be based on the content of classes with preschoolers with various Wistes of decorative and applied art.

3. Learning programs for decorative and applied arts

Scientific interest in folk art as a means of upbringing in domestic pedagogy especially increased in the past two decades. It is at this time that historical and pedagogical work appear, covering the problems of folk pedagogy, including the issues of aesthetic education.

Scientists rightly noted that the increase in the number and expansion of the number of historical and pedagogical research on the folk issues that occurred in the last decades is one of the largest conquered historical and pedagogical science. The value of these studies is difficult to overestimate. Only with their help, all complexity and multiplicity of the development of the domestic school and pedagogy in the organic unity of all-Russian, national and regional manifestations of this can be disclosed.

Recently, publications and candidate dissertations appeared, which reflected progressive tendencies of the teaching methodology for the teaching of decorative drawing and aesthetic education by means of folk art.

The dissertation works of the 90s reflect different levels of adapting the achievements of the pedagogical theory and the achievements of art history in the content of aesthetic education and learning. It is important to note that research concerns the main links of the system of aesthetic education and teaching children and adolescents.

So, candidate dissertation S.V. Maksimova "The role of folk applied art in the artistic development of children 5-7 years" is devoted to the definition of the importance and place of children's visual activities using samples of Russian folk decorative arts in the system of aesthetic education in kindergarten.

When developing problems of the continuity of the visual activities of children of kindergartens and younger schoolchildren, this study may be useful for determining the further paths of the most effective pedagogical impact on the development of children's creativity under the influence of folk applied art.

The method of teaching decorative drawing on the material of folk art in primary classes is devoted to several dissertations (R. Khasanov, Ya.A. Savzov, L.N. Lubarskaya, V.S. Belova).

In the study of R. Khasanova and Ya.A. Savzonov on the material of the folk art of Uzbekistan and Tajikistan was tested by the sequence of tasks devoted to the study of the specifics of the Eastern ornament in decorative work with younger schoolchildren.

In dissertation L.N. The Lubara "Development of artistic and creative activity of younger students in the process of classes of art" on the material of Ukrainian People's Murals shows the process of formation of abilities for the aesthetic development of reality and needs for productive aesthetic activities through the development of a sense of decorativeness in schoolchildren I - III classes.

Research B.S. Belova "Ways to improve the methods of teaching visual art in the preparation of primary school teachers (decorative drawing in relation to the faculties of pedagogy and initial training methods)" aims to solve an important problem - identifying ways to a more successful decision of the pedagogical task of improving the aesthetic education and education of primary school teachers for the guidance of the visual Children's activities.

It is important that in the work of B.S. BelOVA for this purpose shows effective ways to solve the visual tasks on decorative and applied arts with the wide attraction of the folk art of the Mari Republic, promoting the intensification of visual activities in general.

In the candidate dissertation by D.G. Pilipenko "The study of the aesthetic-educational opportunities of decorative art in kindergarten" is reflected by some provisions on the importance of folk art in aesthetic education and training of preschool children when determining the author of the exemplary systematization of certain types of decorative and artistic activities of children of senior and younger group.

4. Methods of dating children with decorative and applied art

Different goals facing educational items "Fine art" and "artistic labor" cause different approaches in aesthetic understanding of the materials of folk art. So, familiarity with the decorative and applied creativity in kindergartens located in the places of traditional art crafts, aimed at mastering children the foundations of the artistic craft. In practice, dating in kindergartens of this type there are excellent examples of solving designated goals. For example, the experience of the children's garden of the village of Kubachi in the implementation of a system of educational and creative work in the work of art labor on mastering the skill of artistic processing of metal. The collective of educators in its work relies on a complex of methodical materials: a tested program of classes of artistic labor, albums, books, tables dedicated to the history of Kubachinsky art. Educational work is not limited to the framework of classes. Appreciate and respect the work of the people's master is taught here in everyday life. The experience of Folk Pedagogy Kubachintsev, when for many centuries in every family father passed the secrets of handling expensive materials to his son, found modern transformation in the aesthetic and labor education of preschoolers.

Active search for the software content of art labor, teachers of kindergartens based on the enterprises of the art crafts of the Gorky region. Thanks to the joint efforts of employees of the pre-school education system in kindergartens of the region, the study of the foundations of folk artistic painting on a tree with the help of people's masters with a Khokhloma artist factories (Semino village) and "Khokhloma painting" (Semenov), masters of wood paintings in a tree in Polkhov-Maidan and town.

In comprehending the aesthetic content of education in labor classes in kindergartens, on the basis of enterprises of folk art industries, the work of the artistic industries of the art industries. For example, a two-volume "base of artistic craft". Employees of the Institute of Artistic Industry are developing a series of art labor lessons, taking into account the specifics of the traditional technique of folk creativity, the established art schools of skill.

Attracting folk decorative art as an active tools for aesthetic education in the system of lessons of decorative drawing in kindergarten has its advantages. The main ones are the wide horizons of the aesthetic knowledge and the diverse aspects of the educational impact of folk art in the process of harmonious education of the preschooler.

Acquaintance with the advanced pedagogical experience of aesthetic education by the funds of national decorative art in kindergartens of the Russian Federation allows us to talk about numerous examples of implementing educators of effective methods and techniques that reveal the features of the style of various art schools of folk art in order to fully use educational functions of the works of people's masters. For example, the educators of the senior groups of Kostroma and the region are enthusiastically working with children over themes associated with folk art painting and wood carvings. For this purpose, the acquaintance occurs not only with the monuments of wooden architecture native regionBut also the art of people's masters of neighboring regions is widely attracted: Yaroslavl, Ivanovo, Vladimir, Gorky. Thanks to the pedagogical mastery, small conversations in decorative drawing are converted into a series of fascinating travels to the country of beauty and good, created by the hands of people's masters,

In kindergartens Zagorsk Moscow region - the center for the production of traditional wooden Russian toys - educators are given a variety of classes with a support for the art of Russian toys. Many educational opportunities opens in front of a kindergarten to promote Russian folk art in working together with employees of the Zagorsk State Museum-Reserve.

The inexhaustible wealth of artistic ideas is in itself the study of a people's costume, and, as practice shows, two directions in the development of this topic are especially promising. Studying the history of the people's costume of the native land and the interpretation of motives in the illustration of the legends, historical events of the region, the creation of souvenirs. Such an approach is reflected in the work of educators-specialists of kindergartens of the city of Pavlovo of the Gorky region. Another interpretation of the topic is associated with the study of the current center of folk artistic fields, the products of which are associated with the use of folk aesthetic traditions in a modern suit. Supporters-specialists in the city of Pavlovsky Posada of the Moscow region are carried out such work, where the famous printed Pavlovsky scarves are made, shawls, stiven wool shawls.

5. Practical part

Building a new system of educational and creative tasks based on folk decorative art, we consider how to build a part of the system of classes in the art in kindergarten in general. The system of studying the visual arts, as well as any methodological system, characterize the leading idea (target) and didactic principles that determine the selection of the program content, the originality of the methods of training.

The leading goal set by society to our subject is to achieve the close unity of labor, moral and aesthetic education for the comprehensive, personality development of each child. In the educational process in decorating on decorative drawing, the solution of such an important state problem we see in the implementation of a system of educational and creative tasks on the material of popular decorative art. Such a system should serve as a disclosure of the child's spiritual forces, to be effective for the aesthetic development of the personality of the preschooler, to intensify the decorative creativity of the guys.

The social order of modern society should affect the content of the teaching of decorative drawing by the means of popular decorative and applied arts. To this end, we took into account the unity of the meaningful and procedural aspects of training from the point of view of didactics, the development of the current state of teaching the visual art in kindergarten. This gave us the basis to identify the following leading factors for building a system of educational and creative tasks:

System and integrated planning of educational goals and tasks in decorative drawing classes;

System selection of works of folk decorative and applied arts, objects of reality for the aesthetic knowledge and decorative work of children;

Differentiation of methods, methods of pedagogical leadership, methods of stimulating both the process of aesthetic knowledge and decorative work of children;

Accounting for estimating the levels of aesthetic educational on the results achieved by children in decorative work.

Accounting for these methodological prerequisites in building a system of educational and creative tasks allowed us to allocate the essential aspects of the educational process at the level: the types of decorative work of children; leading aesthetic knowledge and forms of aesthetic knowledge; interdisciplinary and insecurity; Volume of graphic skills and skills.

Relying in the study of folk art for the implementation of the most important didactic principles, we strive to summarize the methodological techniques, the definition of the place and the importance of the artistic analysis of works of folk art in decorative drawing, as well as the development of criteria for the levels of aesthetic educational institution, meaning the ultimate goal of effective creative development Personal preschooler.

It is fundamentally important in this system is the unity of the aesthetic knowledge and content of decorative work (labor activity) of children on the material of folk decorative art, and such methodical techniques are being developed that stimulate the creative creation of children of independent compositions, and not a simple imitation of folk art techniques. For this purpose, People's painting of the city, Polkhovsky Maidan, Khostov, Khokhloma, Clay Dymkovsky and Filimonovsky toys, Wooden People's Toy, Household Products of the Masters of the North, Embroidered Products from Ryazan, Vladimir, Torzing, works of artists of artistic lacquers, are attracted to the decorative drawing. In working with children, the aesthetic knowledge of preschoolers is systematized on the basis of acquaintance with the People's Ceramics, Gzhelev, Skopina, with a folk cauldron, folk engraving - Lubcom.

The concretization of the essential parties to the educational process in decorative drawings conducted on the basis of a system of educational and creative tasks can be seen in the dynamics of the forms of the aesthetic knowledge and types of decorative work of children (Table I).

Table 1

List of used literature

Belyaev T.F. Exercises on the development of spatial ideas among students. - M., 1989.

Moran A. The history of decorative and applied art. - M., 1986.

Basics of decorative art at school. - M., 1981.

Related Schedules:

Skill as a leading factor of visual activity junior schoolchild. Receptions and methods for forming visual skills. The history of the development of Khokhloma painting. The sequence of formation of musical painting skills, their practical application.

Educational meaning, tasks and techniques to familiarize children with folk decorative and applied arts. Features of folk fishing. Methods of learning children of this age group Decorative drawing using popular folk motifs.

Theoretical approaches to the problem of the aesthetic education of preschool children, the concept and criteria of aesthetic pupil. Analysis pedagogical experience According to the aesthetic education of preschoolers by means of decorative and applied art.

Specificity and psychological mechanisms creative activity. Features of creative development in childhood. Building a special program aimed at developing creative abilities that promotes the comprehensive development of the identity of the child.

The main goal of teaching from at school is the formation of the spiritual culture of the student's personality, familiarization with the People's, National and World art Heritage, the development of the need for constant communication with works of art and in the midst of the artistic conversion of the world. Significant Roll ...

Fine skills: from the image to the inner meaning. Artistic image As the basis of aesthetic development. Methods used in amusement classes. An abstract classes in the preparatory group on the topic: " Golden autumn A visit to us came. "

Preschool childhood, from a psychological point of view, is favorable for the development of cognitive activity and creative abilities. The inclusion of museums into an educational process. The ability to recreate the image of the corresponding era.

The basic principles of building training programs on decorative and applied creativity. Folk status artistic creativity. Dialectic and materialistic study of folklore. The emergence of pedagogy of folk artistic creativity.

The process of drawing a preschooler. Development of technical skills in children. The role of the sample, show and imittions in the younger and older group. The tasks of learning children of visual activity on the material of folk art. Aesthetic education agents.

State Educational Standard. Application classes and decorative drawing. Development of the creative activity of a schoolboy and an attraction for culture ancient Greece. Awakening of interest and love for art. Education of the feeling of beautiful.

Artistic and creative activity as a way of aesthetic education and development of preschool children. The formation of aesthetic consciousness by communicating with works of art reflecting the reality and sphere of human feelings.

The art of Russian folk arts. Psychological and pedagogical features of students of grades. Basic requirements for registration educational program. Studying the history of development, traditional painting technology on the example of Gzheli.

The history of the development of ceramic crafts, features of working with clay and plasticine, folk clay toys. The value of classes of modeling in the lessons of fine art, the technology of performing work from clay. Classes of smearing in kindergarten and school.

Formation in children of manual skills. The main requirement for weaving material. Improving the labor education of preschoolers in kindergarten. Methods of training teacher to classes. The task of floristic classes in kindergarten.

Decorative and applied art in the system of values \u200b\u200bof human culture, its origins. Age peculiarities Senior preschool children. Types of decorative and applied art in classes with senior preschoolers. The process of conducting classes.

The influence of various types of arts on the development of preschool children's creativity. Experimental studies of the level of perception of children of senior pre-school age works of art. Technology familiarize children with still life and illustration.

Conference: Development of preschool children

Organization: GBOU SOSH №1 "OC" P.G.T. StroyKeramics, Kindergarten "Sun"

Locality: Samara Region, P.G.T. StroyCeramics

Many scientists (A.V. Bakushinskaya, P.P. Blonsky, Yu.V. Maximov, R.N. Smirnova and others were written about the role and importance of people's decorative art. They noted that art awakens the first bright, figurative ideas about the homeland, its culture, contributes to the education of the feeling of the beautiful, develops the creative abilities of children.

Time is our complex - this is the time of social change. Political storms and shocks. They literally broke into the life of each of us. Folk games, fun and toys are replaced with commercialized spectacles, television screens flooded cruelty. In essence, this is alien to the nature of the children's, nature of a growing person. The upbringing of a citizen and a patriot, who knows and loving his homeland, is a task particularly relevant today cannot be successfully solved without the deep knowledge of the spiritual wealth of their people, the development of popular culture.

The process of knowledge and assimilation should begin as soon as possible, as our people figuratively says: "With Mother's Milk, a child must absorb the culture of his people through lulled songs, Pestushki, Pestees, fun games, riddles, proverbs, sayings, fairy tales, works decorative Applied art. Only in this case, folk art - this unlucky source will leave a deep mark in the soul of a deep mark, will cause sustainable interest. beauty native nature, Features of the life of the Russian people, its comprehensive talent, hardworking, optimism appear before children lively and directly in the works of people's masters. The culture of Russia is impossible to imagine without folk art, which reveals the original origins of the spiritual life of the Russian people, clearly demonstrates its moral, aesthetic values, artistic tastes and is part of its history.

The importance of the experience for the spiritual development of preschoolers, their aesthetic education, acquaintance with the art of folk masters. Folk art raises the themes of large civil content, has a deep ideological influence on children. It helps the guys look at the usual things and phenomena in a new way, see the beauty of the surrounding world. Pedagogue is predetermined by a high mission - all in the world of childhood moral values, Help the child to open this world throughout the wealth and diversity of decorative and applied art. So any occupation, meeting with a toy, creative business, conversation - subordinate to the only goal: to comprehensively develop the identity of the child, because all children should live in the world of beauty, games, fairy tales, music, fantasy and creativity.

The art of folk masters helps to reveal to children the world of beautiful, develop artistic taste in children.

It is very important to vaccinate children from an early age interest in applied art, whether it is drawing, embroidery or more complex species Creativity - Decoupage or Papier Masha. Any painstaking handmade promotes development small Motoriki, perfection, which, in turn, helps to develop the child's thinking faster, his speech and imagination.

For three years I lead in my group circle work "Decorative drawing".I introduce children with Russian folk traditions, I bring them up on the material of the history of our people, acquaintance with the folk fishing of Russia, skill folk craftsmen and Russian folklore. Based on acquaintance with folk art, children learn to understand the beautiful, assign beauty standards (verbal, musical, visual). Listening to the fairy tale, they receive ideas about good and evil, considering the works of decorative and applied art, children feel a sense of joy, pleasure from bright cheerful flowers, wealth and diversity of species and motives, imbued with respect for the folk master who created them, they have a desire to learn themselves Create more beautiful.

The main tasks of your work, I consider the following:

- formation in children of emotional responsiveness and interest in subjects of folk art; understanding of his features; distinguish the styles of the most famous species of decorative painting (Dymkovskaya, Gorodetsky, Khokhlomskaya, etc.)

- the development of characteristic elements, color, compositions, patterns of one or another painting;

- ability to create expressive patterns on paper of different formats;

- Education of the feelings of rhythm, forms, symmetry.

- Considerate interest in children to study the history of Russia, Russian folk art.

- Develop creative abilities.

- to educate the love of the beautiful, to folk decorative and applied arts.

The acquaintance of children with decorative - applied art can be carried out by almost all types of activity of children. For the development of speech, the product of people's masters give a rich material: you can compose descriptive stories on toys (Dymkovsky toys, nesting), invent fairy tales.

In my work I use visual aids: reproductions, postcards, illustrations, plot pictures, finished products. These are elements didactic games and allowance for classes. The group has a corner of the visual activity, book corner, where a variety of reproductions, illustrations, books, pictures for free viewing are constantly being exposed.

Conducting this work Systematically, my pupils have acquired certain knowledge, skills, skills. The child's dictionary is enriched, meaningful activities, develops a gaming plan: decorative decoration of objects. Children learned to use the acquired luggage of knowledge, creatively approaching their work. The work began to deliver many joy and satisfaction to children, to cultivate the desire to create their own products.

"... The task of the educator is not the preparation of future masters of the Khokhloma, Gorodetskaya or another painting, but the child's attachment to the origins of folk art, give the opportunity to see some skills, make a pattern, paint a mold horse, lady, feel the joy of creativity"A. A. Gribovskaya

Circular work in kindergarten is one of the directions of creative, socio-personal and intellectual development. She gives children a lot of bright, unforgettable impressions. Joyful experiences raise vital tone, support the cheerful mood of adults and children. The child begins to appreciate the beautiful, and, feeling respect for himself, as equal, gradually begins to relate, and begins to create.

In decorative on decorative and applied painting, aesthetic perception, performance, aesthetic feelings are developing. Sensory experience accumulates, it is prompted. Children develop mental processes: comparison, analysis, synthesis, generalization. Recently, the importance of decorative and applied painting classes in kindergarten is emphasized to form collective forms of work, the ability to work together, to act coordinated, together, provide assistance to comrades. The ability to enjoy the successes of each pupil, the achievements of the whole team of the group develop. All this creates the basis for education, and further genuine collectivism, mutual demand and at the same time comrade mutual aid.

Extremely important in spiritual development Preschoolers, in their labor and aesthetic education, in the preparation of them to work in the national economy has decorative and applied arts. People's decorative and applied art is an integral part of the culture.

The high spiritual and ideological significance of people's decorative and applied art has a powerful impact on the formation of the inner world of children.

Thus, the specificity of decorative and applied arts, expressed in the unity of the shape and practical appointment of a decorative thing, in the unity of labor skills, skills and artistic and aesthetic taste allows you to carry out an integrated approach to setting classes with decorative and applied arts in kindergarten, determines the organic unity of labor and aesthetic education of preschoolers. This unity is also due to the modern requirement of international standards in industrial products, which is expressed not only in the highly efficient level of the workflow, but also in the requirements of technical aesthetics.

The greatest educational effect gives acquaintance of preschoolers with the decorative and applied art of folk art fisys.

Products of folk masters are characterized by a sense of material, organic unity of utility (practical orientation) things with its decor, national flavor, high moral and aesthetic advantages. In folk art, there is so much raising charge (not only in finished products that are pleasing to the eye, but also in the process itself, in the technology of their creation), which naturally arises the question of its actively use in working with preschoolers.

The task of the educator is to direct the creative process of preschoolers, orienting them to study the samples of people's decorative and applied arts. The principle of orientation on folk art should be based on the content of classes with preschoolers with various Wistes of decorative and applied art.

Folk creativity-source is clean and eternal. He has a beneficial effect on children, developing their work, arms knowledge, brings beauty to children. It goes from the soul, and the soul folk pretty and beautiful. Introducing children with products of folk crafts, we introduce children to your native culture, encourage the need to love and enjoy life.

Bibliography:

1. Moran A. The history of decorative and applied art. - M., 1986.

2.Sakulin, N.P. Fine activity in kindergarten / N. P. Sakulina, T. S. Komarov. - M.: Enlightenment, 1982.

3. Gribovskaya A.A. Popular art and children's creativity: toolkit For educators. - M.: Education, 2006.

4. Mribovskaya A.A. Children about folk art: educational and visual allowance. - M.: Education, 2006.

5. Skilopova O.A. Acquaintance of children of preschool age with Russian folk decorative and applied arts. Moscow. Scripture, 2003.

Decorative and applied art (from Lat. Decoro - decorate) - section of decorative art covering the creation of articles with utilitarian purposes.

Works of decorative and applied art meet several requirements: possess aesthetic quality; designed for the artistic effect; Serve for the design of life and interior. Such works are: clothes, ware and decorative fabrics, carpets, furniture, art glass, china, faience, jewelry and other artistic products. In scientific literature with the second halves XIX. The century established the classification of industrial and applied articles: by material (Metal, ceramics, textiles, wood), according to the technique of execution (carving, painting, embroidery, bait, casting, chasenka, etc.) and according to the functional features of using the subject (Furniture, dishes, toys). This classification is due an important role Constructive-technological start in decorative and applied art and its direct connection with production.

Madou d / s No. 439 program developed on the basis of the current Federal State Educational Standard of Preschool Education (Order of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation of October 17, 2013 No. 1155), taking into account the approximate basic educational program of pre-school education (approved by the decision of the Federal Training and Methodological Association by general education, Protocol of May 20, 2015 No. 2/15), using the approximate general education program of pre-school education "from birth to school" (edited by N.E. Veracs, T.S. Komarova, M.A. Vasilyeva. - M .: Mosaic synthesis, 2015.). One of the distinguishing features of the program is the moral education and support of traditional values. The program provides ample opportunities to vary the content.

One of the tasks of the program "from birth to school" is the creation of favorable conditions for the development of the abilities and the creative potential of each child. Currently, modern guys know little about decorative and applied art. Preschoolers are weakly developed interest in learning the history of folk toys, they know little about folk masters And the peculiarities of the painting, as a result, there is a poor dictionary on the topic "Decorative and applied art."

I believe that the appeal to folk art should take a solid place in the work of a modern teacher. The products made by the hands of the guys can serve as an interior decoration because they possess aesthetic value. Decorative and applied art allows you to acquaint children with the folk traditions and customs of the peoples of Russia, expands the idea of \u200b\u200bthe guys about the diversity of folk art, art crafts (various types of materials, different regions of our country), develops interest in the art of the native land (Ural-Siberian painting), and Also love and careful attitude to works of art. Classes of decorative and applied art will undoubtedly be discovering for many children new ways to cognition of folk art will enrich them inner worldallow you to spend your free time.

There are many basic types of decorative and applied arts, but the most affordable and interesting for senior preschoolers, in my opinion, is the painting of a wooden product (cutting boards, spoons, spatulas, coasters under hot, etc.).

Perhaps many believe that such an introduction of preschoolers to decorative and applied arts, in particular the painting of the wooden product, is advisable only in art centers, where there are conditions for this professional training. Experience shows that it is not. The fact is that, in addition to beauty, it is useful in all respects art. In the process of work, children develop artistic taste, fantasy and creative abilities. The child learns the basics of the account, it develops a small motorcy and the accuracy of movements, which is relevant for preschoolers. It has been proven that the development of small motorbers contributes to the development of memory, attention and thinking. The product painted with his own hands is valued more than purchased in the store, it is able to raise the self-esteem in the child's unsure and help him take his place in the team.

Based on the great importance of decorative and applied art for children's DevelopmentI have developed a cycle of classes to familiarize preschoolers with different paintings.

Classes on decorative and applied arts are carried out in subgroups and make it possible to communicate with peers, at the same time enjoying the process of working with volumetric material. Children get acquainted with different types of decorative and applied arts: with Russian Matrychka, Dymkovskaya, Khokhloma, Gzhel, Filimonovskaya, Gorodetskoy, Ural-Siberian painting. At the end of the thematic week, an exhibition of products, as a result of work, is drawn up. Children are pleased to share their knowledge of decorative and applied art with their parents. And also children with great joy give their products to relatives to relatives.