Simple latent structure and rotation. Determining numerical characteristics with a small amount of experimental data

All Professional Life G. V. Sukhodolsky took place in the walls of the Leningrad-St. Petersburg University: since the end of the department of psychology of the Philosophical Faculty of LDA in 1962 and to the last Gennady Vladimirovich Sukhodolsky was born on March 3, 1934 in Leningrad in the family of indigenous Petersburgers. Watching together with the parent family escaped from St. Petersburg in difficult years of blockades, led to the fact that G. V. Sukhodolsky was late began training in high school, after graduation he served in the army. A student of LSU G. V. Sukhodolsky became a completely mature person with a rich life experience. Perhaps it was an adult attitude towards professional activities from its very beginning, further surplus successes have led.
All the professional life of G. V. Sukhodolsky took place in the walls of the Leningrad-St. Petersburg University: since the end of the department of psychology of the Philosophical Faculty of LSA in 1962 and until the last days of life. They passed the path of the laboratory of industrial psychology first in the USSR, where he worked under the direct leadership of the founder of engineering psychology academician B. F. Lomov, to the head of the department of ergonomics and engineering psychology.
Professor G. V. Sukhodolsky became one of Russia's leading specialists in the field of labor psychology, engineering psychology and mathematical psychology, had a vast experience of scientific, applied and pedagogical activities. The monographs written by him and textbooks allow us to be rightfully called it one of the founders of Leningrad, then the St. Petersburg school of engineering psychology.
G. V. Sukhodolsky led a great pedagogical work: they developed original general courses "Application of mathematical methods in psychology", "Mathematical Psychology", "Engineering Psychology", "Experimental Psychology", "Highest Mathematics, Measurement in Psychology", as well as special courses "Structural and algorithmic analysis and synthesis of activity", "Psychological service at the enterprise", "Engineering and psychological examination of road traffic accidents".
Participated in the organization and holding from 1964 to 1990 of all All-Union Conferences on Engineering Psychology. He was the Vice-President of the International Conference on Ergonomics (L., 1993), the organizer and permanent head of the scientific and practical seminar on the psychological service of enterprises (Sevastopol, 1988-1992).
From 1974 to 1996 G. V. Sukhodolsky was the Chairman of the Methodological Commission of the Faculty of Psychology, whose work contributed to the improvement of the preparation of psychologists. During the two official terms, he headed the specialized scientist for the protection of dissertations on engineering psychology and psychology of labor.
Under the direction of G. V. Sukhodolsky, dozens of diploma works are protected, 15 candidates and 1 doctoral dissertation.
G. V. Sukhodolsky, acquiring a rich experience of private research of various types of professional activities (tracking systems, shipments, heavy industries, lespal, nuclear energy, etc.), developed the concept of activities as an open system assimilating and generating mental and non-psychic products, Founded on the systemic synthesis of humanitarian and natural scientific approaches in psychology. Proved the need for multiplicity of theoretical concepts of complex psychological (and other) objects and developed a methodology for multi-port processing such objects in empirical research and mutual mathematical and psychological interpretation in psychological theory and practice.
Practical application of the concept developed by G. V. Sukhodolsky in the field of training: the creation of models of variable stochastic algorithms and algorithmic structures of activities, including algorithms of dangerous (emergency) actions, which should be learned to increase labor safety; development of methods for studying the actions of operational personnel on the consoles and posts of various purposes, including a nuclear power plant; Development of the method of optimal layout and ergonomic examination of panels and remotes; Creation of psychological methods of expertise of road traffic accidents. Long years

Over the past 20 years, this book is not only not outdated, but has acquired a new relevance. Because for the past period, there were no new generalizing monographs on the psychology of activity, and the Russian modernity and development perspective in the context of globalization require psychological study and design of new systems of human and technical activities from school training before enterprise management, international marketing and political life.

I am grateful to the URSS publishing house for the possibility of reprinting this my book and I hope for interest in it from possible consumers of scientific knowledge.

G.V. Sudolsky,
St. Petersburg
16.07.07

In Soviet psychology, the so-called "workshop" approach was formed, according to which a person's mental is formed and is studied in activities and through activities. On the basis of the methodological principle of unity of consciousness and activity, the conceptual apparatus and methods of psychology are created, theoretical and practical developments are underway in psychological industries, as a result of which the activity approach is developing.

The main direction of this development is associated with the transition from the explanation of the human psyche of its activities to the psychological study and design of the activity itself as mediated mental, as well as the social and biological properties of existing people, i.e. "Human factor." The leading role belongs to engineering psychology here.

Engineering Psychology - Psychology, which studies the relationship between humans and technology in order to achieve high efficiency, quality and humanity of modern labor, by designing on the basis of psychological principles for designing equipment, working conditions, training personnel and on the basis of engineering principles of human factor accounting in man -Technical systems.

A new technical reconstruction of production based on computerization and robotization, the creation of flexible production systems makes significant changes in the current forms of professional activities. The main functions of a specialist in production are increasingly programming machines, management of them and control. Labor activity in production, in management and management, and as computerization in school and training activities are increasingly approaching in the main features to operator activities. In this regard, engineering psychology becomes direct productive strength and, being organically connected with psychological science as a whole, assumes the entire complex system of interrelation of psychology with other sciences and production.

Despite certain achievements, the design of activities remains one of the central problems of engineering psychology and psychology as a whole, since the experience of the psychological description of the activity is still not summarized and there is no reliable means of psychological assessment, optimization and design of both old and, especially new activities. . For this reason, the problem of activity is recognized as one of the most important problems for theoretical and practical development. In particular, it is required to create such a psychological theory of human labor activities, which would arous practical workers with a clear knowledge of the psychological mechanisms of this activity, the patterns of its development and methods to use the results of psychological research to solve practical problems; It is necessary to create a psychological theory of joint activity that reveals its complex structure and dynamics, ways to optimize it.

It is believed that the psychological theory of activity that serves as a methodological basis for all psychological disciplines is one of the most important achievements of Soviet psychology. However, in this theory, there is a fuzziness and ambiguity in interpretation of the main terms, the conceptual layer of the concept, synthesized on the previous and the additional apparatus, is not sufficiently generalized, weakly systematized and not collected together. In most common and special psychological concepts, the desire to restrict itself in the study of the activities of the narrow-popsychological patterns of the functioning of the psyche. At the same time, it remains outside the study itself, the professional, logistical, technological and other non-psychological parties from which the mental "person of the working person" turns out to be artificially torn off. Oznose such aspiration in general psychology The subject of study is trying to reduce some "mental", "meaningful experiences" or "indicative activities". In social psychology, predominantly limited to interpersonal relations and phenomena based on them. In the psychology of labor, the professors are largely reduced to psychograms, and psychograms - to lists of professionally important properties or qualities, little specific to specific activities. For the same reason, in the engineering psychology, the interaction of people and cars is mainly reduced to information interactions, which is also a certain result of cybernetic reductionism. In a psychological study of activities, it is almost everywhere limited to its analysis, although this contradicts not only dialectics in general, but also a specific psychological methodology, the practical use of the results.

Thus, on the one hand, current government objectives have been delivered, in the decision of which the psychology as a whole should participate as a whole, and on the other hand, this participation impede the shortcomings of psychological views on activities - the disadvantages of such significant, which is allowed to talk about the absence of psychological theory of activity . Without at least the basics (or started) such the theory, obviously, it is impossible to solve the required tasks correctly.

It seems that the presented considerations sufficiently justify the relevance of the goals that we pursue and which the content of the book, the logic and the nature of the presentation are subordinated.

First of all, it is necessary to understand the existing psychological and other views on activities, reveal, summarize, clarify and systematize the conceptual apparatus of psychology. This is the first section of the book, in which the "key" concepts are determined; The conceptual apparatus existing in the psychology is identified and is systematized; Available system concepts of activity are critical and evaluated.

In the second section of the book, the prerequisites and the theoretical scheme of the generalized psychological material are consistently presented, and then the conceptual structures reflecting the structure, the value-valued sphere, the development and operation, being and knowledge of activities.

The conclusion summed up and there are some prospects for the development of psychology activities.

I consider to express my gratitude to my teachers, employees and students for good attitudes, support and help.

Honored Worker of the Higher School of the Russian Federation. Doctor of Psychological Sciences, Professor of the Department of Ergonomics and Engineering Psychology of St. Petersburg State University.

The circle of scientific interests is general, engineering, mathematical psychology. Published 280 scientific papers, including several monographs: "Fundamentals of mathematical statistics for psychologists" (1972, 1996); "Mathematical Psychology" (1997); "Introduction to Mathematical and Psychological Theory of Activities" (1998); "Mathematics for Humanitarians" (2007).

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n1.DOC.

Preface to the second edition

Preface to the first edition

Chapter 1. Quantity Characteristics of Random Events

1.1. Event and measures of the possibility of its appearance

1.1.1. Concept of event

1.1.2. Random and non-random events

1.1.3. Frequency, frequency and probability

1.1.4. Statistical definition of probability

1.1.5. Geometric definition of probability

1.2. System of random events

1.2.1. Concept of event system

1.2.2. Joint events

1.2.3. Dependence between events

1.2.4. Converting events

1.2.5. Levels of quantitative events

1.3. Quantitative characteristics of the system of classified events

1.3.1. Probability distributions of events

1.3.2. Ranking of events in the system of probabilities

1.3.3. Communication measures between classified events

1.3.4. Event sequences

1.4. Quantitative characteristics of the system of ordered events

1.4.1. Range of events in magnitude

1.4.2. Distribution of probabilities of the ranked system of ordered events

1.4.3. Quantitative characteristics of the probability distribution of the system of ordered events

1.4.4. Range correlation measures

Chapter 2. Quantity Quantity Characteristics

2.1. Random value and its distribution

2.1.1. Random value

2.1.2. Probability distribution of random values

2.1.3. The main properties of distributions

2.2. Numeric distribution characteristics

2.2.1. Regulations

2.2.3. Asymmetry and Excesse measures

2.3. Definition of numerical characteristics on experimental data

2.3.1. Source positions

2.3.2. Calculation of the measures of the position, dispersion, asymmetry and excesses by non-mapped data

2.3.3. Grouping Data and Obtaining Empirical Distributions

2.3.4. Calculation of measures of position, dispersion, asymmetry and excesses on empirical distribution

2.4. Types of laws of the distribution of random variable

2.4.1. General provisions

2.4.2. Normal law

2.4.3. Normalization of distributions

2.4.4. Some other distribution laws important for psychology

Chapter 3. Quantitative characteristics of a two-dimensional system of random variables

3.1. Distribution in a system of two random variables

3.1.1. System of two random variables

3.1.2. Joint distribution of two random variables

3.1.3. Private unconditional and conditional empirical distributions and the relationship of random variables in a two-dimensional system

3.2. Characteristics of position, dispersion and communication

3.2.1. Numeric characteristics of position and dispersion

3.2.2. Simple regression

3.2.4. Correlation measures

3.2.5. Cumulative position characteristics, dispersion and communication

3.3. Determining the quantitative characteristics of a two-dimensional system of random variables according to the experiment

3.3.1. Approximation of simple regression

3.3.2. Determining numerical characteristics with a small amount of experimental data

3.3.3. Full calculation of the quantitative characteristics of the two-dimensional system

3.3.4. Calculation of the cumulative characteristics of the two-dimensional system

Chapter 4. Quantitative characteristics of a multidimensional system of random variables

4.1. Multidimensional systems of random variables and their characteristics

4.1.1. Concept of multidimensional system

4.1.2. Varieties of multidimensional systems

4.1.3. Distribution in the multidimensional system

4.1.4. Numeric characteristics in a multidimensional system

4.2. Non-random functions from random arguments

4.2.1. Numeric characteristics of the amount and works of random variables

4.2.2. Linear function distribution laws from random arguments

4.2.3. Multiple linear regressions

4.3. Determination of numerical characteristics of a multidimensional system of random variables according to the experiment

4.3.1. Valuation of the probability of multidimensional distribution

4.3.2. Determination of multiple regressions and related numerical characteristics

4.4. Random functions

4.4.1. Properties and quantitative characteristics of random functions

4.4.2. Some classes of random functions important for psychology

4.4.3. Determining the characteristics of a random function from the experiment

Chapter 5. Statistical testing hypotheses

5.1. Tasks of statistical testing hypotheses

5.1.1. General Aggution and Sampling

5.1.2. Quantitative characteristics of the general population and sampling

5.1.3. Errors of statistical evaluations

5.1.5. Tasks of statistical inspection of hypotheses in psychological research

5.2. Statistical criteria for estimation and testing hypotheses

5.2.1. Concept of statistical criteria

5.2.2. h. 2 Picksoncrather

5.2.3. Main parametric criteria

5.3. Basic methods of statistical test hypotheses

5.3.1. Method of maximum believing

5.3.2. Bayes method

5.3.3. Classic method for determining the parameter (function) with a given accuracy

5.3.4. The method of designing a representative sampling on the model of the aggregation

5.3.5. The method of consistent verification of statistical hypotheses

Chapter 6. Basics of Dispersion Analysis and Mathematical Experiment Planning

6.1. Concept of dispersion analysis

6.1.1. Essence of dispersion analysis

6.1.2. Dispersion analysis prerequisites

6.1.3. Problems of dispersion analysis

6.1.4. Types of dispersion analysis

6.2. Single-factor dispersion analysis

6.2.1. Calculation scheme with the same number of repeated tests

6.2.2. Calculation scheme with different numbers of repeated tests

6..3. Two-factor dispersion analysis

6.3.1. Calculation scheme in the absence of repeated tests

6.3.2. Calculation scheme in the presence of repeated tests

6.5. Basics of mathematical planning experiment

6.5.1. The concept of mathematical planning of the experiment

6.5.2. Building a complete orthogonal experiment plan

6.5.3. Processing the results of a mathematically planned experiment

Chapter 7. Basics of factor analysis

7.1. Concept of factor analysis

7.1.1. Essence of factor analysis

7.1.2. Varieties of factor analysis

7.1.3. Tasks of factor analysis in psychology

7.2. Single-factor analysis

7.3. Multifactoric analysis

7.3.1. Geometric interpretation of correlation and factor matrices

7.3.2. Centroid factorization method

7.3.3. Simple Latent Structure and Rotation

7.3.4. An example of a multifactor analysis with orthogonal rotation

Appendix 1. Useful information about matrices and action with them

Appendix 2. Mathematical Statistical Tables

Content

Preface to the second edition 3

Preface to first edition 4

Chapter 1. Quantity Characteristics of random events 7

1.1. Event and measures of the possibility of its appearance 7

1.1.1. Concept of event 7

1.1.2. Random and non-random events 8

1.1.3. Frequency, frequency and probability 8

1.1.4. Statistical definition of probability 11

1.1.5. Geometric probability definition 12

1.2. Random Event System 14

1.2.1. Concept of event system 14

1.2.2. Joint appearance of events 14

1.2.3. Dependence between events 17

1.2.4. Converting events 17.

1.2.5. Levels of quantitative events 27

1.3. Quantitative characteristics of the system of classified events 29

1.3.1. Event probability distribution 29

1.3.2. Ranking of events in the system of probabilities 45

1.3.3. Communication measures between classified events 49

1.3.4. Event sequences 54.

1.4. Quantitative characteristics of the system of ordered events 61

1.4.1. Ranking of events in size 61

1.4.2. Distribution of probabilities of the ranked system of ordered events 63

1.4.3. Quantitative characteristics of the probability distribution of the system of ordered events 67

1.4.4. Rank correlation measures 73

Chapter 2. Quantity Characteristics of Random Value 79

2.1. Random value and its distribution 79

2.1.1. Random value 79.

2.1.2. Distribution of probabilities of random variables 80

2.1.3. The main properties of distributions 85

2.2. Numeric distribution characteristics 86

2.2.1. Position measures 86.

2.2.3. Asymmetry and Excess 93 measures

2.3. Determination of numerical characteristics according to experimental data 93

2.3.1. Source positions 94.

2.3.2. Calculation of measures of position, dispersion, asymmetry and excesses by non-mapped data 94

2.3.3. Grouping Data and Obtaining Empirical Distributions 102

2.3.4. Calculation of position measures, dispersion, asymmetry and excesses for empirical distribution 107

2.4. Types of laws of distribution of random variable 119

2.4.1. General provisions 119.

2.4.2. Normal law 119.

2.4.3. Normalization of distributions 130.

2.4.4. Some other distribution laws important for psychology 136

Chapter 3. Quantitative characteristics of a two-dimensional system of random variables 144

3.1. Distributions in a system of two random variables 144

3.1.1. System of two random variables 144

3.1.2. Joint distribution of two random variables 147

3.1.3. Private unconditional and conditional empirical distributions and the relationship of random variables in two-dimensional system 152

3.2. Characteristics of position, dispersion and communication 155

3.2.1. Numerical characteristics of position and dispersion 155

3.2.2. Simple regression 156.

3.2.4. Correlation measures 161.

3.2.5. Cumulative position characteristics, dispersion and communication 167

3.3. Determining the quantitative characteristics of a two-dimensional system of random variables according to the experimental data 169

3.3.1. Simple regression approximation 169

3.3.2. Determination of numerical characteristics with a small amount of experimental data 182

3.3.3. Full calculation of the quantitative characteristics of the two-dimensional system 191

3.3.4. Calculation of the cumulative characteristics of the two-dimensional system 202

Chapter 4. Quantitative characteristics of a multidimensional system of random variables 207

4.1. Multidimensional systems of random variables and their characteristics 207

4.1.1. Concept of multidimensional system 207

4.1.2. Varieties of multidimensional systems 208

4.1.3. Distributions in the multidimensional system 211

4.1.4. Numeric characteristics in multidimensional system 214

4.2. Non-random functions from random arguments 220

4.2.1. Numeric characteristics of the amount and works of random variables 220

4.2.2. Linear function distribution laws from random arguments 221

4.2.3. Multiple linear regression 224

4.3. Determination of the numerical characteristics of a multidimensional system of random variables according to the experiment 231

4.3.1. Valuation of the probabilities of multidimensional distribution 231

4.3.2. Determination of multiple regressions and related numerical characteristics 235

4.4. Random functions 240.

4.4.1. Properties and quantitative characteristics of random functions 240

4.4.2. Some classes of random functions, important for psychology 246

4.4.3. Determination of the characteristics of the random function from the experiment 249

Chapter 5. Statistical Check Hypothesis 254

5.1. Tasks of statistical inspection hypothesis 254

5.1.1. General Aggregate and Sampling 254

5.1.2. Quantitative characteristics of the general population and sampling 261

5.1.3. Statistical estimates 265 errors

5.1.5. Tasks of statistical inspection of hypotheses in psychological studies 277

5.2. Statistical criteria for estimation and verification hypothesis 278

5.2.1. Concept of statistical criteria 278

5.2.2. X2 criterion Pearson 281

5.2.3. Main parametric criteria 293

5.3. Basic methods of statistical verification hypotheses 312

5.3.1. Method of maximum believing 312

5.3.2. Bayes Method 313.

5.3.3. Classic method for determining the parameter (function) with a given accuracy 316

5.3.4. The method of designing a representative sample on the model of a set of 321

5.3.5. Method of consistent check of statistical hypothesis 324

Chapter 6. Basics of Dispersion Analysis and Mathematical Planning Experiment 330

6.1. Concept of dispersion analysis 330

6.1.1. Essence of dispersion analysis 330

6.1.2. Dispersion analysis prerequisites 332

6.1.3. Problems of Dispersion Analysis 333

6.1.4. Types of dispersion analysis 334

6.2. Single-factor dispersion analysis 334

6.2.1. Calculation scheme with the same number of repeated tests 334

6.2.2. Calculation scheme with different quantities of repeated tests 341

6..3. Two-factor dispersion analysis 343

6.3.1. Calculation scheme in the absence of repeated tests 343

6.3.2. Calculation scheme in the presence of repeated tests 348

6.5. Basics of mathematical planning experiment 362

6.5.1. The concept of mathematical planning of the experiment 362

6.5.2. Building a complete orthogonal experiment plan 365

6.5.3. Processing of the results of a mathematically planned experiment 370

Chapter 7. Basics of Factor Analysis 375

7.1. Concept of factor analysis 376

7.1.1. The essence of factor analysis 376

7.1.2. Varieties of factor analysis methods 381

7.1.3. Tasks of factor analysis in psychology 384

7.2. Single-factor analysis 384.

7.3. Multifactor analysis 389.

7.3.1. Geometric interpretation of correlation and factor matrices 389

7.3.2. Centroid factorization method 392

7.3.3. Simple Latent Structure and Rotation 398

7.3.4. An example of multifactorial analysis with orthogonal rotation 402

Appendix 1. Useful information about matrices and action with them 416

Appendix 2. Mathematical Statistical Tables 425

Doctor of Psychological Sciences, Professor, Honored Worker of the Higher School of the Russian Federation.

Gennady Vladimirovich Sukhodolsky was born on March 3, 1934 in Leningrad in the family of indigenous Petersburgers. Watching together with the parent family escaped from St. Petersburg in difficult years of blockades, led to the fact that G. V. Sukhodolsky was late began training in high school, after graduation he served in the army. A student of LSU G. V. Sukhodolsky became a completely mature person with a rich life experience. Perhaps it was an adult attitude towards professional activities from its very beginning, further surplus successes have led.

All Professional Life G. V. Sukhodolsky took place in the walls of the Leningrad - St. Petersburg University: since the end of the department of psychology of the Philosophical Faculty of LSU in 1962 to the last days of life. They passed the path of the laboratory of industrial psychology first in the USSR, where he worked under the direct leadership of the founder of engineering psychology academician B. F. Lomov, to the head of the department of ergonomics and engineering psychology.

Professor G. V. Sukhodolsky became one of Russia's leading specialists in the field of labor psychology, engineering psychology and mathematical psychology, had a vast experience of scientific, applied and pedagogical activities. The monographs written by him and textbooks allow us to be rightfully called it one of the founders of Leningrad, then the St. Petersburg school of engineering psychology.

G. V. Sukhodolsky led a great pedagogical work: they developed original general courses "Application of mathematical methods in psychology", "Mathematical Psychology", "Engineering Psychology", "Experimental Psychology", "Highest Mathematics, Measurement in Psychology", as well as special courses "Structural and algorithmic analysis and synthesis of activity", "Psychological service at the enterprise", "Engineering and psychological examination of road traffic accidents".

Participated in the organization and holding from 1964 to 1990 of all All All-Union Conferences on Engineering Psychology. He was the vice-president of the International Conference on Ergonomics (L., 1993), the organizer and permanent head of the scientific and practical seminar on the psychological service of enterprises (Sevastopol, 1988-1992).

From 1974 to 1996, G. V. Sukhodolsky was the Chairman of the Methodological Commission of the Faculty of Psychology, whose work contributed to the improvement of the preparation of psychologists. During the two official terms, he headed the specialized scientist for the protection of dissertations on engineering psychology and psychology of labor. Under the leadership of G. V. Sukhodolsky, dozens of diploma works are protected, 15 candidates and one doctoral dissertation.

G. V. Sukhodolsky, acquiring a rich experience of private research of various types of professional activities (tracking systems, shipments, heavy industries, lespal, nuclear energy, etc.), developed the concept of activities as an open system assimilating and generating mental and non-psychic products, Founded on the systemic synthesis of humanitarian and natural scientific approaches in psychology. Proved the need for multiplicity of theoretical concepts of complex psychological (and other) objects and developed a methodology for multi-port processing such objects in empirical research and mutual mathematical and psychological interpretation in psychological theory and practice.

Practical application of the concept developed by G. V. Sukhodolsky in the field of training: the creation of models of variable stochastic algorithms and algorithmic structures of activities, including algorithms of dangerous (emergency) actions, which should be learned to increase labor safety; development of methods for studying the actions of operational personnel on the consoles and posts of various purposes, including a nuclear power plant; Development of the method of optimal layout and ergonomic examination of panels and remotes; Creation of psychological methods of expertise of road traffic accidents. For many years, G. V. Sukhodolsky was a member of the expert council on the problem of human factor under the Ministry of Middle Engineering of the USSR.

G. V. Sukhodolsky for many years engaged in problems of mathematical psychology. The original methods developed by him include: Method of multidimensional marked stochastic matrices for th correction of complex objects; method of visualization of finite-dimensional objects in the form of a profile in parallel coordinates; Method of using multisets, generalization operations, mixed multiplication and division of multisets and data matrices; The new method for assessing the significance of the correlation coefficients using the F-criterion of the Fischer-Fischer and the importance of similarity is the difference in correlation matrices according to the Kohrena G-criterion; Method for normalizing distributions through an integral function.

The scientific developments of the city of V. Sukhodolsky in the field of professional activity psychology are also used to continue in solving two most important tasks of modern psychology and engineering psychology. The first task is to continue the development of the theory of professional activity, the methods of its description and analysis. This is a key direction and in modern applied psychology, since the methodology, theory and instruments of the description and analysis of activities are the basis for the development of all other areas of organizational psychology and solving applied problems: psychological support of the reengineering of business processes, work efficiency management, work specifications, organization of group work etc. The works of G. V. Sukhodolsky in this direction continue to S. A. Manichev (competence modeling of professional activity) and P. K. Vlasov (psychological aspects of designing organizations). The second task is to further develop the traditions of the actual approach in the context of modern cognitive ergonomics (design and assessment of interfaces based on the study of human activity), as well as engineering knowledge. Special relevance and development prospects are used by usability (USABILITY) - Scientific and applied discipline, which studies efficiency, productivity and ease of use of activity tools. The concept of the analysis and synthesis of algorithmic structures of the activities of G. V. Sukhodolsky has clear prospects to maintain their importance to ensuring ergonomic quality interfaces. Multi-port processing methodology is used by V.N. Andreev (the author of the development of interface optimization, it works now in Vancouver, Canada) and A. V. Morozov (ergonomic assessment of interfaces).

In recent years of life, despite the serious illness, Gennady Vladimirovich continued active scientific activities, wrote books, led by graduate students. Gennady Vladimirovich was awarded the premiums of the St. Petersburg State University for pedagogical skills, for the cycle of monographs on the use of mathematical methods in psychology. In 1999 he was awarded the title "Honored Worker of the Higher School of the Russian Federation", in 2003 - "Honorary Professor of St. Petersburg State University". The merits of G. V. Sukhodolsky received wide recognition. He was elected a valid member of the New York Academy of Sciences.

Its Peru owns more than 250 publications, including five monographs and four textbooks and tutorials.

Main publications

• Fundamentals of mathematical statistics for psychologists. L., 1972 (2nd ed. - 1998).
• Structural and algorithmic analysis and synthesis of activity. L., 1976.
• Basics of psychological theory of activity. L., 1988.
• Mathematical and psychological models of activity. St. Petersburg., 1994.
• Mathematical psychology. St. Petersburg., 1997.
• Introduction to mathematical and psychological theory of activity. St. Petersburg., 1998.