Chatsky can be called an extra person because. Essay on the topic: Chatsky is a strange man (based on the comedy A.S.

I'm strange, not strange who is?
One who is like all fools;
Molchalin, for example ...

Chatsky - representative modern generation and this is undesirable for Famusov's entourage. This young man is unstoppable like the wind. However, sincere feelings, genuine laughter, sincerity and ardor remain incomprehensible in the landlord's house, where he is mistaken for a strange and even crazy man who wants to shake social foundations.

The strangeness of Chatsky and the conflict of two generations

The main motive of the work of A.S. Griboyedov lies in the description of the conflict between two generations, which differ in the opposite worldview. The author contrasts Chatsky with all the noble persons who gather in Famusov's house. A bright representative the latter is Molchalin, whose phrases are the complete opposite speeches of Alexander Andreevich.

Molchalin is a typical hypocrite. He is cunning and two-faced, even in relation to Sophia. At the same time, a man knows how to curry favor with others and completely please them in order to achieve benefits.

Alexander was not accustomed to obeying, considering this an unacceptable action. He is ready to serve honestly in order to receive the rank. However, he treats people with caution, fearing their deception. He is not like Molchalin and all the members " Famus society»Neither by their views on life, nor by their character.

All this makes him strange in the eyes of others and incomprehensible. He is a "superfluous" person here, because he does not want to lead the same lifestyle as everyone around him. His dream is to change society, the world. But can this be done only with caustic words? Society does not want to understand the hero and, one might say, drives him away. For Famusov and his entourage, Chatsky went crazy ...

The image of an advanced person in Russian literature

Russian literature did not previously know the "new man". For the first time, Griboyedov showed the reader a free and humane citizen with lofty ideas who opposed a conservative society. His hero is smart and cultured, endowed with progressive views regarding the world around him and relations between people. This is exactly what A.A. Chatsky.

Representatives of the nobility in Famusov's house are completely similar to each other: they are ready to flatter and please others for their own benefit. They are not used to contemplating otherwise thinking people considering them strange. Even today there are similar “Alexandra Andreevichs” - crazy people in the opinion of people who are used to living and thinking according to templates.

The role of the play "Woe from Wit" and the image of Chatsky in the formation of public consciousness

The heroes of the comedy A.S. Griboyedov, in particular the strange Chatsky, rendered a huge impact on moral education not a single generation of youth. They inspired people to fight violence and arbitrariness, ignorance and meanness. The image of Chatsky called for people to become free and use their minds so that progressive ideas and genuine culture would triumph in society.

Modern readers, like their ancestors in their time, consider "Woe from Wit" to be a real masterpiece artistic arts... The comedy is written in a unique language, which most accurately conveyed the features of the life of that period, as well as the customs and character of Griboyedov's characters.

The problem of "superfluous" people in society is reflected in the works of many Russian writers. For example, in the comedy A.S. Griboyedov "Woe from Wit".
Alexander Chatsky is an image of an advanced person of the 10-20s of the 19th century, who, in his convictions and views, is close to the future Decembrists. In accordance with the moral principles of the Decembrists, a person should perceive the problems of society as his own, have an active civil position, which is noted in the behavior of Chatsky. He expresses his opinion on various issues, coming into conflict with many representatives of the Moscow nobility.

First of all, Chatsky himself is noticeably different from all the other heroes of the comedy. it educated person with an analytical mindset; he is eloquent, gifted figurative thinking, which raises him above the inertia and ignorance of the Moscow nobility. Chatsky's clash with Moscow society occurs on many issues: this is the attitude to serfdom, to public service, to domestic science and culture, to education, national traditions and language. For example, Chatsky says that "I would be glad to serve - it is sickening to serve." This means that for the sake of his career he will not humiliate himself, flatter his superiors, humiliate himself. He would like to serve "business, not persons" and does not want to seek entertainment if he is busy with business.

The Moscow nobles are annoyed by those qualities of the protagonist's personality, which are just positive: his education and desire for knowledge, the ability to think independently and thirst for justice, the desire to serve the Fatherland, but with the benefit of progress and with the aim of reforming the existing socio-political system. And the "Famusian society" did not want to allow transformations, therefore people like Chatsky were considered dangerous, they did not want to see them in high society and they became "superfluous people."
Chatsky is alone in the crowd of Famusov's guests, representing Moscow society, where "empty, slavish, blind imitation" of everything foreign reigns and "a confusion of languages: French with Nizhny Novgorod." Chatsky is a patriot, he would like to be proud of his country and people, but in the customs of the nobles, in their way of life, the hero notes the degeneration of everything Russian, national.

Undoubtedly, patriotism is one of the most worthy qualities of a person, and Chatsky's spiritual appearance deserves a high assessment. But there are some features that somewhat violate the integrity of the positive image. Perhaps due to inexperience, youth and fervor, the hero does not understand that it is inappropriate to pronounce accusatory monologues at a reception with Famusov. Moreover, no one wants to listen to the opinion of Chatsky, no one cares about his experiences. It evokes negative emotions in those around them, since direct condemnation of the mores and convictions of the bureaucracy and landowners does not contribute to mutual understanding with them. The hero should understand that Famusov and his guests are not the kind of society where you should open your soul, share reflections on modern reality. Sophia, like her father, easily classifies Chatsky as a madman, wanting to avenge him for making fun of Molchalin. The hero is forced to leave the Famusovs' house, where his mind, his critical views on life were so unpleasant to those around him. He did not make friends or like-minded people here, but only experienced disappointment, felt insulted and was ready to flee from here in order to muffle his emotional pain.

Was there such a place in Russia where the hero of Griboyedov could find "a corner for offended feelings"? Probably Chatsky should go to where they already existed secret societies future Decembrists, where they appreciated smart people who are ready to use their knowledge and strength for the urgent transformations in the Fatherland. In the understanding of the advanced nobles, the mind should be free, "free", which means that freethinking was not for the Decembrists a dirty word or the definition of vice, dangerous illness, but vice versa. It is clear that the courage of Griboyedov was highly appreciated by contemporaries with advanced convictions, since his hero Chatsky was close in spirit to the future Decembrists. He aroused sympathy because he felt the need to fight inertia, ignorance, cruelty, injustice and other vices, and wanted to participate in transformations. When communicating with representatives of the Moscow nobility, he saw a lack of understanding, a hostile attitude towards himself, in addition, his position was complicated by the tragedy of love and loneliness. Therefore, A.S. Griboyedov defined Chatsky's state as "woe from wits", since the hero felt himself "superfluous" in the society of the Moscow nobles.

In the works of A.S. Pushkin, we will find the theme of the “superfluous person”, for example, in the poem “Gypsies”.
Aleko, the hero of the poem, fled from the "captivity of the stuffy cities" to the gypsy camp, hiding from prosecution for the crime. Aleko did not find his purpose, living in a familiar world, and gypsy freedom was fine with him. Secular entertainment, idleness and luxury of his former life, intrigue and gossip irritate him, but Aleko cannot fill his life with meaning, become useful and necessary for society, it is easier for him to wander aimlessly with the gypsies. However, in the camp, as well as in high society, he turns out to be "an extra person." The hero did not want to come to terms with Zemfira's betrayal, he killed the girl along with her new lover. And the gypsies reject the alien:

Leave us, proud man!
... You just want will for yourself ...

In the novel by A.S. Pushkin's "Eugene Onegin", the protagonist also becomes "superfluous" in high society, although his position manifested itself somewhat differently than that of Chatsky or Aleko.
The environment where such personalities as Eugene Onegin are formed is represented by secular salons raising "young rakes". Endless dinners, balls, entertainment, playing cards generated the desire for luxury and determined the needs and principles of these people. The monotony of secular life ("and today is the same as yesterday") explains why boredom, gossip, envy, and slander arise and reign in the light. All this Tatiana (the heroine of the novel) gives precise definition: "The hateful tinsel life".

The novel "Eugene Onegin" reflects many of the problems of the time. One of them is a “superfluous” person in society. To show typical characters for a given time (10-20 years of the nineteenth century), it is necessary to note the circumstances and origins of their occurrence. And Pushkin touches on the theme of upbringing, education, family relations... The hero of the novel, as often happened in noble families, receives a superficial education under the guidance of a French governor. Absence useful activities and due attention of parents in childhood, then idle Savor- all this was typical for the "golden youth" of St. Petersburg, where the main character was born and raised.

It is impossible to explain everything in Onegin's fate, but significant changes are taking place in his life, as well as in character. Dissatisfaction with oneself began in those days when a bored and disappointed in everything young rake, feeling himself unnecessary, tries to find a job for himself, seeks to find meaning in life. He leaves the world and takes up residence in the village. The most powerful shock of that time was the murder of Lensky, who became his friend, trusted the secrets of the heart. Onegin could not forgive himself a terrible mistake made because of his own selfishness, unwillingness to explain himself to a person, to be more sensitive and attentive to his young friend and to people in general. This first led him to suffering, to "anguish of heart pangs", which forced the hero to rush about the world.
The next test was unexpected love. We can say that the very ability to love speaks of Onegin's rebirth. This is no longer an egoist, if for him the beloved woman becomes dearer than life... Morally, he is now cleaner, higher, as he is able to draw deep conclusions:

So that my life lasts
I must be sure in the morning
That I will see you during the day.

Onegin, having experienced suffering, learned to understand the feelings of other people, he knew the pain of loss, the pain of unrequited love and the inability to be close to his beloved woman. He understands that he was punished by life for his former frivolity, for “playing with love”, when he tested his skills “in the science of tender passion” in practice. And as a result, for the former unwillingness to start a family, for the desire to preserve freedom (now "hateful") Eugene gets suffering, loneliness. He realized how important it is in life to just be there. dear person... It turned out that true bliss lies in the ability to love and be loved! Onegin spoke about the soul. And this, of course, is a huge achievement in the moral improvement of the hero.
The hero passed difficult path spiritual evolution, he is ready to serve society and can become one of those who, entering into secret alliances future Decembrists, thought about reforms in Russia.

The theme of the "superfluous person" is continued in the novel by M.Yu. Lermontov "A Hero of Our Time".
Pechorin, the hero of the novel, on the night before the duel with Grushnitsky, going over his past life in his memory, comes to sad conclusions: “... why did I live? for what purpose was I born? .. And, it is true, it existed, and, it is true, there was a high purpose for me, because I feel immense strength in my soul. " Pechorin understands that he did not find something very important for himself and "was carried away by the lures of passions, empty and ungrateful."
Lermontov did not show his hero in any business or in creativity (with the exception of some mentions of dangerous, life-threatening service in the Caucasus and keeping a diary). Before serving in the mountain fortress, Pechorin was busy for the most part secular idleness, so he sometimes needs a thrill. Like many representatives of the “golden youth”, the young officer liked his own superiority over “barely blossoming souls”: he could easily “pick a flower and throw it away” without any remorse. Pechorin knew "the greatest triumph of power", about which he spoke like this: "... my first pleasure is to subordinate everything that surrounds me to my will, to arouse feelings of love, devotion and fear to myself."

In his diary ("Pechorin's Journal"), the hero, inclined to reflection, reflects on his life and finds an explanation for many actions: "evil begets evil", and therefore the suffering he endured in his youth gave the concept of "the pleasure of torturing another." However, not every young man, as a result of suffering, becomes a tormentor for another person, that is, a villain. Usually suffering makes the soul purer, more sublime, a person becomes aware of someone else's pain. Pechorin is not like that, he is an egoist by nature. The hero himself calls himself "an ax in the hands of fate," as he brings misfortune to many who are next to him.

In many cases, Pechorin acts as typical hero time. It is clear that the formation of his personality was influenced by the features of the post-Decembrist era, that decline in the social movement and apathy that occurred during the years of reaction, but the person who has good moral inclinations can think about ways to solve problems, both personal and social. Pechorin, on the other hand, cynically asserts that society made him so: "I was insulted - I became vindictive ..., he spoke the truth - they did not believe me: I learned to deceive." And secular intrigues, victories over women and other senseless entertainments filling the emptiness of life became the main occupation in his life.

Pechorin is able to "take on a deeply touched look" in order to fool a pretty girl and cause her compassion for himself, explaining the coldness and selfishness by the injustices of fate that made him moral cripple... This is what he does to Mary, playing with her feelings, seeking her love, so that later he can expressly declare his inability to love. And again he is not at all worried about suffering, pain, the broken fate of another person, although Pechorin admits that he often realized that he was an executioner in relation to those with whom fate brought him together. He felt in his soul "immense powers", but "the powers of this rich nature were left without use, life without meaning ...", as in the story with Onegin in the novel by Alexander Pushkin "Eugene Onegin". But in the previous era, the hero had the opportunity to join the Decembrists, and Pechorin does not have such a prospect, but he does not look like a person who thinks about the fate of Russia and the people. He remains a "superfluous person" and his life ends too early. The image of the hero of the time, created by M.Yu. Lermontov, helps to understand what is the tragedy of fate outstanding personality in an unhealthy society.

In the novel by IS Turgenev "Fathers and Sons" the "superfluous person" is the nihilist Bazarov.
In an effort to contradict the aristocrats throughout the world, the nihilists refused to accept their morals, political attitudes, art, and literature. In a polemical fervor, like grimacing schoolchildren wishing to challenge society, they denied everything, intending to “clear a place first,” and then let others create something. Most likely, these new fighters and thinkers had a vague idea of ​​the future, which someone had to build on the ruins of a civilization inherited from the nobles.

The hero of Turgenev's novel "Fathers and Sons" Yevgeny Bazarov studies natural sciences, works a lot, doing medical practice, and I am sure that this gives him the right to treat with disdain those who learn life from other positions. He is often harsh, cynical, even arrogant with people, including those who seek to imitate him, who consider themselves to be his students. Since the followers of Bazarov do not have their own convictions, they are ready to imitate him, to repeat everything that the idol will do or say. These people, who have not found a job in the Russian social movement, look like a pitiful and ridiculous parody of fighters for freedom and progress. They cannot be called Bazarov's associates, therefore the author calls them his students. In reality, these are people-chips, who were swept away by a storm in an era of change, and they are ready to wash at least to some shore. But the main character, Bazarov, turns out to be "superfluous", not a person in demand in society. This is a tragic figure: he, like many in this era, did not find his purpose, did not manage to do something necessary and important for Russia, and, having made a mistake in medical practice, dies young. In the novel, Bazarov is a very lonely person, since he has no true followers and like-minded people, which means that in nihilism, as in love, he failed.

Of course, one can not take seriously the "attacks" of the nihilist Bazarov against the "principles" of the aristocrat Kirsanov (Pavel Petrovich), especially his absurd opinion about the uselessness, uselessness for humanity of music, poetry, art in general ("Raphael is not worth a dime"). But on closer acquaintance with this hero, an understanding comes: his shocking and harshness is explained by the fact that he himself does not know how to change what he does not like and what he rejects. It was also a phenomenon of the era when the aristocrats could no longer change anything, do anything, and the democrats would like, but did not yet know what the path of development of Russia should be.

The theme of the "superfluous person" is also devoted to the novel by IS Turgenev "Rudin", whose hero (Dmitry Rudin), having become at the call of his heart a fighter for justice and democratic transformations, is forced to leave his homeland. Not finding the use of his forces, intelligence and talent, feeling unnecessary in Russia, he dies with a red banner in his hands in Paris during the revolutionary events of 1848.

In the novel by Fyodor Dostoevsky "Crime and Punishment" the main character also does not find his place in public life country.
Raskolnikov, who does not want to put up with injustice in society and the imperfection of life, comes up with his own theory, which, in his opinion, will help him find the meaning of life and confidence in tomorrow... Rodion, rejected by society, " extra person", Protests against the fate of the humiliated and insulted" little man", And therefore wants to assert itself through the crime. However, after the murder of the pawnbroker, there were no changes for the better in his life and in the lives of those who suffered from the activities of the greedy old woman. And Rodion gradually comes to realize the falsity of the theory about "blood according to conscience", about special people who are allowed a lot for the sake of great goals. Raskolnikov does not know how to change society so that every person feels "not superfluous", but he understands that through repentance and conversion to faith he will be able to return to the life of an ordinary citizen.

In IA Goncharov's novel Oblomov, the hero is completely removed from the problems of society and from the struggle for a better future.
Probably Oblomov and Oblomovism have their supporters and defenders. After all, Ilya Ilyich had a "beautiful soul, pure as crystal"; he remained faithful to the patriarchal way of life of the nobility, loved his parents, honest, simple, warm-hearted people, and kept the memory of them; he did not harm anyone and did not waste his soul "on trifles"; he kept national traditions and culture. In fact, Oblomov sought to avoid the fuss and excessive, sometimes unnatural thirst for activity. But this desire caused a dream of the soul and led to the abandonment of real life.

The merit of I.A. Goncharov in front of Russian society not only in the fact that he created a true picture of reality, but also in the fact that the phenomenon depicted by the writer makes us think about the influence of Oblomovism on every person, regardless of the era and of belonging to any class. N. Dobrolyubov spoke about this in his article on the novel "Oblomov": "Oblomovism never left us ...". The image of the protagonist, Ilya Ilyich Oblomov, quite naturally continued the gallery of "superfluous people". Like Onegin, Pechorin, Beltov and others, Goncharov's hero is "infected" with the inability to find a job in his contemporary world; he is not capable of realizing his dreams and plans.
Oblomov's path is dead-end: he cannot serve, since he does not want to seek promotion through unworthy means; He does not want to be “in the world”, because he is too lazy. And groveling, servility, insincerity or dishonesty, greed of some people interfere with communication and friendship. This leads to melancholy, depressing and burdens his sensitive nature, which causes a desire to withdraw himself, to live in isolation, in solitude, more and more feeling his uselessness, uselessness and loneliness. The typical complex of "superfluous person" in Oblomov becomes paradoxical, since it leads not only to the denial of existing reality, but also to the death of the individual. The hero tried to escape from reality at least by dreams, went into the world of dreams, into a dream, and passed away altogether.

Thus, in Russian literature, the theme of the "superfluous person" is reflected fully and multifacetedly by writers of different eras.

Reviews

Hello Zoya! I read your article with great pleasure, and as I remember now, when our teacher went through this topic with us, and that is typical, with your arguments almost word for word. True, when she said about Onegin that he was tired of one thing every day and also - balls, theaters and all the high-society tinsel, and made the comparison in the direction of a scientist who also puts experiments day after day and it would seem that a person should not enjoy his life either. And then she asked the class - what is the difference between these two people Naturally, we could not say anything. Then she herself explained to us that a scientist has a goal - to get a result, and he over and over again, putting on experiments, ponders and seeks to get closer to what he was looking for, but for Onegin it all comes down to how to kill time, he, like a thinking person, does not may not see this. But, as I understand it, Bazarov got into this company by a misunderstanding, that is, Turgenev placed accents too sharply, in life such extremes are rarely found, but here you just have to get into the skin of a hero, if he it seems that there is no other way out, except to destroy everything first, maybe if in those days there would have been an Internet, then Bazarov would not have become so categorical, we also sometimes feel superfluous in this world, but I'll take a collection my coins and on the Internet I’ll start some kind of film or play, it’s like you’ll get distracted from all sorts of apocaplectic thoughts, otherwise I don’t know how. Maybe now there is no problem of extra people, Americans generally think that the planet is overpopulated, and at least 2/3 is needed throw into the furnace of war to please the mighty of the world this, and they argue beyond good and evil. Thank you again for an interesting article, I will continue to visit your page.

Alexander Chatsky is the main character of the comedy "Woe from Wit", written famous writer A. Griboyedov in poetic form. The author of this most interesting work already long years in Russian literature, it is considered a harbinger of a new socio-psychological type, which has been given the name "superfluous person."

The comedy was written during the years of the revolutionary secret organizations of the Decembrists. The author touched upon in it the struggle of progressively thinking people with the society of nobles and serf-owners, in other words, the struggle of the new and the old worldview. In A.A. Chatsky, the writer embodied many qualities of an advanced man of the era in which he himself was. According to his convictions the hero he created is close to the Decembrists.

Brief description of Chatsky

Chatsky's character in comedy can be defined as follows:

• in the diversity of the emotional and at the same time simple portrait;
• positivity of the hero, who is a born maximalist;
• in all his feelings and actions.

If he falls in love, then to such an extent that “the whole world seems to him as dust and vanity,” he is the owner of unbearable honesty and an extraordinary mind, constantly thirsting for additional knowledge. Thanks to his knowledge, he soberly sees the problems of politics, the infringed state of Russian culture, pride and honor in people, but at the same time he is completely blind in love affairs. Chatsky - strong personality, a fighter by nature, and he is eager to fight at once with everyone, but often instead of victory he gets disappointment.

Young nobleman, son of a late friend Famusov, returns to his beloved, Sophia Famusova, whom he has not seen for three long years; Chatsky had known her since childhood. When they matured, fell in love, but the unpredictable Chatsky suddenly went abroad, from where he never wrote a word. Sophia was offended for being abandoned, and when her lover arrived, she met him “coldly”. Chatsky himself says that "he wanted to go around the whole world, but did not go around even a hundredth part of it," while the main reason his departure served military service after which, according to his plan, he wanted to meet with Sophia.

His love for this girl is a sincere feeling. He wants to believe in reciprocity, so he cannot believe that she is in love with Molchalin. But he realizes that he is mistaken when he witnesses his explanation with Lisa. After that, Chatsky suffers and calls his love madness. In response to his words, Sophia says that she "reluctantly drove me crazy." It was this statement that served as the beginning the development of gossip about the madness of the hero, and also, in the opinion of many, a dangerous person in his convictions.

Chatsky's personal drama not only gives movement to the whole plot, but also complicates and deepens the drama of society, which is confirmed in the comedy by the increase in his sharp attacks against the noble Moscow. And in such criticism of the views and morals of Famus society, it is clear what Chatsky is opposed to and what his views are.

In reality, the hero of the picture does nothing for which he is declared insane. He gives his opinion but the old world wrestles with his word using libel. And the problem is that in this fight, Chatsky's disagreeable views are losing, because the old world turns out to be so strong that the hero sees no reason to argue and runs from Famusov's house to another city. But this flight cannot be perceived as a defeat, since irreconcilability of opinions puts the hero in a tragic situation.

Description of Chatsky

Chatsky is a straightforward, proud and noble person who boldly expresses his opinion. He does not want to live in the past and sees the truth of the future, does not accept the cruelty of the landowners, opposes serfdom, careerism, honor, ignorance and the wrong attitude of society to slave morality and ideals of the past century. Due to the fact that he is a fighter for justice and dreams of benefiting society, it is difficult for him to be in an immoral society, because he cannot find a place for himself among deceitful and vile people.

In his opinion, society has remained exactly the same as it was three years ago. He proclaims respect and humanity for common man and service to the cause, and not to persons who are against freedom of thought and speech; approves progressive ideas existing life and modernity, the prosperity of art and science, as well as respect for national culture.

Chatsky is good at writing, translating, seeking knowledge in travel and serving in the Ministry. At the same time, he does not bow before foreigners and boldly advocates domestic education.

His convictions are revealed in disputes and monologues with representatives of the Famus society. He confirms his rejection of serfdom in his memoirs about the theater "The Carrier of Noble Scoundrels", in which he emphasizes the exchange of faithful servants for greyhounds.

Contradictions in the character of the hero

• when he comes to Sophia and begins a conversation with words in which he uses sarcasm and a sarcastic tone: “Has your uncle jumped off his age?”;
• at the same time, he does not set himself the goal of stabbing his interlocutors and Sophia, therefore, he asks her in surprise: "... Is it possible that all my words ... tend to harm?"

The image of Chatsky in the play is a hot-tempered and tactless nobleman in some words, for which his beloved reproaches him. And yet this harsh tone can be justified by sincere indignation at the existing immorality of the society in which he is forced to be. And to fight him is a matter of his honor.

This behavior of the hero is due to the fact that all the issues that affect him do not find a response in the soul of this opposing person, because he is smart and is able to analyze and predict a new future, without serfdom and arrogance. That is why he cannot cope with his own emotions and resentment. His mind is out of tune with his heart, which means that he lavishes his eloquence, including on those who are completely unprepared to perceive his beliefs and arguments.

The peculiar worldview of the hero

Chatsky reveals in a comedy the worldview of the author himself. He, like Griboyedov, cannot understand and accept the slavish admiration of the Russian people for foreigners. The play is ridiculed several times in the tradition that it is customary to hire foreign teachers to bring up children; the author emphasizes: "... they are bothering to recruit teachers ... in more numbers ... cheaper."

Chatsky also has a special relationship to the service. For Sophia's father, an opponent of Chatsky, in this work, Famusov's attitude towards him is precisely defined in following words: "Does not serve ... and in that ... does not find any benefit." Chatsky's answer regarding such a statement also clearly reflects his position: "I would be glad to serve, it is sickening to serve."

Therefore, he speaks with such anger about the habits of a society that outrages him, namely, in a contemptuous attitude towards disadvantaged people and the ability to curry favor in the eyes of influential persons. If Maxim Petrovich, Famusov's uncle, for the pleasure of the Empress at her reception deliberately gives a role model and tries to serve her, then for Chatsky he is no more than a fool, and he does not see in the circle of the conservative nobility those who could set a worthy example ... In the eyes of the hero of the play, these aristocrats - opponents free life inclined to idleness and extravagance, they are "passionate for rank," and they do not care about justice.

The main character is also annoyed by the desire of the nobles everywhere to cling to useful acquaintances. He believes that they attend balls for this very purpose, and does not agree with this, because, in his opinion, one should not mix business with fun, because everything should have its time and place.

In one of Chatsky's monologues, the author emphasizes his dissatisfaction with the fact that as soon as a person appears in society who wants to devote himself to art or science, and not a thirst for rank, everyone begins to fear him. He is sure that they are afraid of such people, because they threaten the comfort and well-being of the nobles, because they bring new ideas into the structure of an established society, and the aristocrats do not want to part with the old way of life. That is why gossip about his madness turns out to be very useful, since it allows you to disarm the enemy in views that are undesirable to the nobles.

Brief quotation characteristics of Chatsky

All the traits of Chatsky's character and his manner of communication will never be accepted by a society that would like to live in peace and not change anything. But the protagonist cannot agree with this. He is smart enough to understand baseness, selfishness and ignorance. aristocrats, and vehemently expresses his opinion, trying to open his eyes to the truth. However, the truth is not needed by the established principles of old Moscow life, to which the hero of the play is unable to resist. Based on inappropriate, but at the same time clever arguments of Chatsky, he is called a madman, which once again proves the reason for "grief from the mind."

Let's give as an example some statements of the protagonist:

• After hearing what Famusov said about Maxim Petrovich, Chatsky says: "He despises people ... he yawns at the ceiling ...";
• He stigmatizes past century: "The century of obedience was direct" and approves of young people who have no greedy desire to fit into the regiment of aristocrats and "buffoons";
• Has a critical attitude to the settlement of foreigners on the territory of Russia: “Shall we rise ... from the foreign rule of fashions? So that ... the people ... do not consider us as Germans ... ".

A. A. Chatsky, in essence, does a good deed, since by such statements he protects the human right and freedom of choice, for example, occupations: to live in the countryside, travel, "put your mind" into science, or devote your life " arts ... high and beautiful. "

The hero's desire not to “serve”, but “to serve the cause, not the persons” is an allusion to progressive behavior. minded youth to change society in an educational and peaceful way.

In his statements, he does not shy away from such folk words, like "just now", "tea", "more"; he uses sayings, proverbs and the following idioms: "Full of nonsense to grind", "not a hair of love" and easily quotes the classics: "and the smoke of the Fatherland is ... pleasant to us." In addition, it confirms its intelligence and knowledge using foreign words, but only if they have no analogues in Russian.

He is lyrical in stories about his love for Sophia, ironic, sometimes making fun of Famusov, a bit of an eater, because he does not accept criticism, which, in his opinion, is criticism of the “last century”.

Chatsky is not an easy character. If we speak with witty phrases, he marks directly in the eye and “scatters” the characteristics he has derived with beads. The main character this complex comedy is sincere, and this is the most important thing, despite the fact that his emotions are considered unacceptable. But at the same time, they can be considered the inner wealth of the hero, because thanks to them it is possible to determine his present state.

The creation of the image of Chatsky is the author's desire to show the Russian people the ripening split of the formed noble milieu. Role this hero in the play is dramatic, since he is in the minority of those who are forced to retreat in this verbal struggle for justice and leave Moscow. But he does not leave his views even in such a situation.

Griboyedov had no task to show the weakness of his hero, on the contrary, thanks to his image, he showed the absence of a strong society and the beginning of Chatsky's time. And therefore, it is no coincidence that such heroes are considered "superfluous people" in literature. But the conflict has been identified, which means that the change of the old to the new is ultimately inevitable.

According to I. A. Goncharov, the role of Chatsky in this work is "passive" and at the same time he is both an "advanced warrior" and a "skirmisher" and "victim". “The hero is crushed by the amount of old power, but at the same time inflicts a fatal blow on it with the quality of fresh power,” the writer said.

A.S. Pushkin, after reading the play, noted that the first sign smart person it is believed that at first glance you need to know who you are dealing with, and do not throw pearls in front of the Repetilovs, but I. A. Goncharov, on the contrary, believed that Chatsky's speech "boils with wit."

In the first third of XIX century in Russian literature, the type of superfluous person develops. These heroes, among which the most famous Pechorin, Onegin, Oblomov, are not like most people of their time. Superfluous people, whose mind is inquisitive and deep, "suffer from the disease of the century": for them the problems of the world around them, vices and "ulcers" are obvious modern society... Dissatisfied with life, these heroes are most unhappy with the impossibility of fixing anything. The uncertainty of the lofty ideals that torment them is not the knowledge of the ways of their realization, but the absence of specific goals and deeds that could satisfy their high requirements for themselves and for life - passivity and inactivity, the helplessness of existence.
Let us compare Chatsky, the hero of Griboyedov's comedy "Woe from Wit," with the image of an extra person.
Seeing the vices of Famus society, rejecting its inert foundations, mercilessly exposing the respect for rank, the patronage prevailing in the service circles, the stupid imitation of French fashion, the lack of real education, Chatsky turns out to be an outcast among the counts Khryumins, Khlestovs and Zagorets-kikh. He is considered “strange”, and in the end he is even recognized as a madman. So Griboyedov's hero enters, like superfluous people, into conflict with the imperfect world around him. But if the latter only suffer and are inactive, then “in the embittered thought” of Chatsky “a healthy urge to work is heard ...”. "He feels what he is dissatisfied with," because his ideal of life is quite definite: "freedom from all chains of slavery, which are bound to society." But Chatsky's active opposition to those “whose hostility to the free life is nlrimirim” allows us to believe that he knows ways to change life in society. In addition, Griboyedov's hero, having traveled a long way of searching, having traveled for three years, acquires a goal in life - “to serve the cause”, “without demanding either a job or a promotion,” “to put a mind hungry for knowledge into science”. The hero's desire is to benefit the fatherland, to serve the good of society, which is what he strives for.
Thus, Chatsky is undoubtedly a representative of an advanced society, people who do not want to put up with survivals, reactionary orders and are actively fighting them. Superfluous people, unable to find a worthy occupation, self-realization, do not adhere to either conservatives or revolutionary-minded circles, keeping in their souls disappointment in life and wasting unclaimed talents.

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1. Deeply mistaken is the interpretation of Chatsky as the image of a "superfluous person", a groundless "dreamer", "a lonely Protestant." Chatsky himself felt motivated by “ this century”And did not at all recognize himself as lonely. In Chatsky, there is no romantic demonism characteristic of Byronic heroes nor the proud misanthropy of Pushkin's Aleko. Read More ......
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Can Chatsky be considered an extra person?

Who is Chatsky: an “extra” person or a person who has not found his place in life?

Artist P. Sokolov

teacher of Russian language and literature

MBOU Secondary School No. 5 in Vyazma

1. Who is this "extra" person?

2. The image of Chatsky:

a) a portrait of the hero;

b) a man of new views;

c) "present century" and

"Bygone century" in the face

Chatsky and

Famus society.

3. Chatsky is still "superfluous",

but its place in life

he has: to serve the cause.

N. Kuzmin

Who is the "extra" person?

"Superfluous person", a socio-psychological type, captured in Russian literature of the first half of the 19th century; its main features: alienation from official Russia, from the native environment (usually noble), a sense of intellectual and moral superiority over it and at the same time - mental fatigue, deep skepticism, discord between words and deeds.

The name "Superfluous person" came into general use after the "Diary of an Extra Person" (1850) by I. S. Turgenev; the type itself was formed earlier.

Hero portrait. Who is so sensitive, and cheerful, and sharp ... Oster, smart, eloquent, He is especially happy in his friends. He knows how to make fun of everyone. What he says, and speaks, as he writes! You appear quite generous: To the misfortune of your neighbor, you are so not indifferent Chatsky - a man of new views Oh, my God! He's carbonari! He wants to preach liberty! Yes, he does not recognize the authorities! I would be glad to serve, to serve is sickening. Those who serve the cause and not the people ... Those who need it: those who are arrogant, lie in the dust, and those who are higher, weaved flattery like lace. "The present century" and "the past century" in the person of the Chatsky and Famus society What new will Moscow show me? Yesterday there was a ball, and tomorrow there will be two. Who are the judges? For the antiquity of years, their enmity towards a free life is irreconcilable ... "The fools believed, they pass it on to others, the old women instantly sound the alarm - and here is the public opinion! The houses are new, but the prejudices are old, rejoice, they will not exterminate neither their years, nor fashion, nor fires Conclusion The hero's views contradict the worldviews of the Famus society, where ignorance, disgust for science, admiration for ranks and dependence on public opinion reign. Chatsky does not find support and understanding in a city where "the houses are new, but the prejudices are old." But Chatsky can hardly be called a person who has not found his place in life.

D. Kardovsky

"Carriage to me, carriage!"

He did not find him only in Famusov Moscow, in real life he decided to serve the cause.

Chatsky is a superfluous person, because he is doomed to lack of understanding by society of his ideas and beliefs and to loneliness.

D.Kardovsky

Illustrations for comedy

"Woe from Wit."

List of sources used

• http://ilibrary.ru/text/5/p.1/index.html
• http://litena.ru/literaturovedenie/
• http://www.literaturus.ru/2015/08/illjustracii-gore-ot-uma-griboedov.html
• http://malena33.livejournal.com/15916.html
• http://www.liveinternet.ru/users/4168247/post211096218/
• http://literatura5.narod.ru/kardovsky.html
• http://hallenna.narod.ru/griboedov_portrety.html
• https://yandex.ru/images/search?text=view%20moscow%20time%20griboyedov&stype
• https://yandex.ru/images/search?text=monuments%20%20 to Griboyedov