A cent of the work of the work of the mind of the mind. "Century of the current and age of the past" (the main conflict in the comedy "grief from the mind")

Century "Present" and the past "past" in the comedy Griboedov "grief from the mind"

Century current and century past
A. S. Griboedov

"Woe from the mind" one of the most topical works of Russian drama. The problems set in the comedy continued to excite the Russian public thought and literature many years after the appearance of her on the light.
"Woe from the mind" is the fruit of Patriotic thoughtful Griboedov about the fate of Russia, about the ways of renewal, reorganize her life. From this point of view and are covered in comedy the most important political, moral and cultural problems Epochs.
The content of the comedy is disclosed as a clash and change of two epochs of Russian life - the century "current" and the century "past". The border between them, in my opinion, is the war of 1812 - the fire of Moscow, the defeat of Napoleon, the return of the army from foreign hiking. After Patriotic War In Russian society there are two public camps. This is a feudal reaction camp in the face of Famusov, Scalozub and others, and the camps of the advanced noble youth in the face of Chatsky. The comedy clearly shows that the clash of the centuries was an expression of the struggle of these two camps.
In the enthusiastic stories of Fvmusov and the accusatory speeches of the Chatsky, the author creates the image of the 18th, "last" century. The century "past" is the ideal of the Famow Society, because Mizhsov is a convinced serf. He is ready because of any trifling to send his peasants to Siberia, hates enlightenment, reptiles before the bosses, driving as he can receive a new rank. He bowed before the uncle, who was "on gold," served at the courtyard of Catherine itself, walked "all in orders." Of course, he received his numerous ranks and rewards by the Fatherland service, but heard before the Empress. And he diligently teaches young people:
That's the fact that you are all pride!
Would ask how did the fathers do?
We would have learned on older looking.
Pharmuses boasted both their own half-spring, and the total class, to which it belongs; Cooked by the fact that the Moscow girls "the upper remove notes"; that he has a door for all, both sought and uninvited, "especially from foreign."
In the next "ODE" FVMUSOVOV - praise Barity, anthem by Rabolen and Travel Moscow:
For example, we have it from Icestari,
What is the honor of the Father and Son:
Be bad, but if you want
Shower Thousands of two generics - that and the groom!
The arrival of Chatsky alarmed Famousov: wait from him only trouble. Famuses appeals to the calendar. This is a sacred for him. Having started to list the upcoming cases, he comes to a complacent mood. In fact, there will be a lunch with trouts, the burial and respectable Kuzma Petrovich, the christening of the Doctors. Here it is, the life of the Russian nobility: sleep, food, entertainment, yesterday and again sleep.
Next to the Magazov, the Comedy is climbing - "and a gold bag and marks to the generals" Colonel Skalozub Typical Representative of the Arakcheev army environment. At first glance, his image caricature. But it is not: Historically, he is quite truthful. Like Magizov, the colonel is guided in his life with philosophy and ideals of the century "last", but in a coarsest form. The purpose of his life he sees not in the service of Fatherland, but in achieving the ranks and awards, which for the military, in his opinion, are more accessible:
Pretty happy i'm in my comrades,
Jobs just open:
Then the old turns off their other,
Others, look, are interrupted.
Chatsky characterizes the scalosis like this:
Hircun, remove, Bassoon,
Constellation of maneuvers and Mazurki.
It began to do his scalose career from the moment when the heroes of 1812 began to be replaced with stupid and slavish devotees by autocracy by the soldiers headed by Arakcheev.
In my opinion, the Famowan and Scalozeubu in the description of the Barskaya Moscow belongs to the first place. Persons of the Famovsky Circle - Egoists and Korestolyubtsy. All their time they spend in secular entertainment, vulgar intrigues and stupid gossip. This special society has its ideology, his life, looks for life. They are sure that there is no other ideal, except for wealth, power and universal respect. "After all, only here is also a nobility," says Mr. Baroic. Griboedov exposes the reactionality of a serfdom and shows where the domination of Famusov leads to Russia.
His disclosures, he invests in the monologues of the Chatsky, who possesses acute mind, Quickly determines the essence of the subject. For friends and for enemies, Chatsky was not just smart, but a "free-rope" belonging to the advanced circle of people. Duma, worried him, worried about the minds of all progressive youth of that time. In St. Petersburg, Chatsky gets when Tom originates the "liberalists" movement. In this setting, in my opinion there are views and the aspirations of Chatsky. He knows well literature. The Famusov reached the rumors that Chatsky "writes nicely, translates." Such a passion for literature was characteristic of the free-sisted noble youth. At the same time, Chatsky captivates and social activity: We will learn about his connection with the ministers. I suppose he managed to visit even in the village, because Mizhsov claims that he "has mastered" there. It can be assumed that this blazer meant good relationship To peasants, perhaps, in some kind of economic reforms. These high aspirations Chatsky is an expression of his patriotic feelings, hostility to the Barqualians and the serfdom as a whole. I think I will not be mistaken, assuming that Griboedov revealed the historical origins of Russian for the first time in Russian literature liberation movement The 20s of the 19th century, the circumstances of the formation of the Decembrism. It was the Decembrist understanding of honor and debt, the public role of a person is opposed to the slave morality of the Famusov. "It would be glad to serve, sick," says Chatsky like Griboedov.
Just like Griboedov, Chatsky is a humanist, protects the freedom and independence of the person. The serfdom is sharply exposed in an angry speech "On the judges". Here, Chatsky denounces the hated serf system. He appreciates the Russian people highly, speaks of his mind, freedom and this, and this, in my opinion, also echoes the ideology of the Decembrists.
It seems to me that in the comedy there is an idea of \u200b\u200bthe independence of the Russian people. Lowlands in front of all foreign french education, Normal for the noble medium, cause sharp protest Chazki:
I oodale delighted the desire
Humble, however out loud
So that the Lord has destroyed the unclean
Empty, slave, blind hypiems;
So that he regained a spark with a soul;
Who could have a word and an example
To keep us as a firm front
From miserably nausea on the side of someone else's.
Obviously, Chatsky in comedy is not alone. He speaks on behalf of the entire generation. There is a lawsager question: whom did the hero mean under the word "we"? Probably the younger generation, going to another. The fact that Chatsky is not alone in his eyes, understands the Magazus. "Now in the forest, than when, insanely divorced people, and affairs, and opinions!" - he exclaims. The Chatsky prevails an optimistic idea of \u200b\u200bthe nature of the modern life. He believes in the offensive new era. Chatsky speaks to the Famusov:
How to encourage yes
Century century and century passed:
Fresh legend, but hard to believe.
More recently, "direct was a century of humility and fear." Today awakens a sense of personal dignity. Do not everyone want to serve, not everyone is looking for patrons. There is a public opinion. The Chatsky seems to come when it is possible to change and correct the established serfdom by developing an advanced public opinion, the emergence of new humane ideas. The struggle against the Famine in the comedy did not end, because in real reality it just began. Decembrists and Chatsky were representatives of the first stage of the Russian liberation movement. Merulously noticed Goncharov: "Chatsky is inevitable when changing one century to others.. Chatsky lives and are not translated in Russian society, where the struggle is fresh with the taught, patient with healthy."

Comedy "Mount from Wit" A.S.Griboyedova was written in the first half of the 19th century and is a satire to views noble society that time. Two opposing camps face in the play: a conservative nobility and a young generation of nobles with new views on the device of society. Alexander Andreevich Chatsky, the main hero of "grief from the mind", called the arms of the "century of the current" and the "century past". Also presented in the comedy "grief from the mind" dispute dispute. What represents each of the parties, what their views and ideals will allow to understand the analysis of "grief from the mind."

The "century passed" in the comedy is much more numerous than the camp of his opponents. The main representative of the conservative nobility is Pavel Afanasyevich Famusov, in the house of which all the phenomena of the comedy occurs. He is manageing in a government house. His daughter Sophia since childhood was brought up with them, because her mother died. Their relationship reflects the conflict of fathers and children in the "grief from the mind."
In the first action, Famuses cares of sofya in the room with a silent, his secretary living in their home. He does not like the behavior of his daughter, and Maglov begins to read her morality. In his views on the upbringing, the position of the entire noble class is reflected: "These languages \u200b\u200bgave us! We take a bortal, and to the house, and on the tickets, so that our daughters have learned everything. " For foreign teachers, there is a minimum of requirements, the main thing is that they were "the number of more, the price of cheaper."

However, Famuses believe that the best educational impact on the daughter should have an example of her own father. In this regard, the problem of fathers and children becomes more sharper. Famusov says about himself that he is "monastic known leaders." But whether he is good example To follow the imitation, if in a second before he began to give moraling Sophieus, the reader watched how he frankly flirt with the servant Liza? For Famousov, it is only what they say about him in the world. And if the noble society does not see him love adventuresSo, the conscience of his pure. Even Lisa, imbued with the nravami, reigning in the house of Famusov, warns his young hostess not from night dates with silent, and from public overwhelms: "Sin is not trouble, the rumor is not good." This position characterizes Famousov as a morally laid man. Does an immoral person have the right to reason about morality before his daughter, and even reckon with an example for her?

In this regard, the conclusion suggests that for Famousov (and in his face and for the entire Staromoshkovsky noble society) is more important to seem worthy of a person, and not be such. Moreover, the desire of representatives of the "century past" is distributed only on rich and noble people, because communication with them contributes to the acquisition of personal gain. The people who do not have high titles, awards and wealth are honored only to contempt by the noble society: "To the need: the ambassadors, they are in dust, but those who are above, flattery, like a lace spill."

This principle of passage with people of Magovs tolerates and family life. "Who is poor, you are not a couple," he says his daughter. The feeling of love has no power, it despises this society. Calculation and benefits are dominant in the life of Famusov and his supporters: "Be it's bad, but if a thousand thousand people have two tribes, both fiance." Such a position generates the absence of freedom of these people. They hostages and slaves of their own comfort: "Yes, and to whom in Moscow did not hold the mouths of dinners, dinners and dancing?"

The fact that for progressive people of the new generation is humiliation, for representatives of the conservative nobility the norm of life. And this is no longer just a dispute of generations in the work of "grief from the mind", but a much deeper discrepancy in the views of the two opposing parties. With great admiration, Magazov recalls his uncle Maxim Petrovich, who "before everyone knew," had a "a hundred people to services" and was "all in orders." What did he deserve his high position in society? Once at the reception at the Empress, he stumbled and fell, hurts with a population. Seeing a smile on the face of the dealers, Maxim Petrovich decided to repeat his fall several times to enjoy the empress and the courtyard. Such an ability to "refuel", according to Famusov, deserves respect, and young generation It would be necessary to take an example from him.

They will be read by his daughter in the grooms Colonel Scalozub, which "words smart will not expand this." He is only good because "the signs of darkness gathered", and after all, "like all Moscow", "wish the son-in-law ... with stars and ranks."

The younger generation in the society of the conservative nobility. The image of silence.

The conflict of the "century of the present" and the "century of the past" is not determined and is not limited to the comedy "grief from the mind" the theme of fathers and children. For example, Molchanin, belonging to the age of the young generation, adheres to the views of the "century past". In the first phenomena, he appears in front of the reader as a modest beloved Sofya. But he, like Magovyov, is very afraid, no matter how ills a bad opinion in society happened: " Gossips terrible pistol. " As the operation of the play is revealed by the true face of Molchanlin. It turns out that with Sofia he "by position", that is, in order to please her father. In fact, he is more passionate for the servant Liza, with which he behaves much much more than with the daughter of Famusov. Under the littleness of Molchalin is hidden by its dowel. He does not miss the opportunity at the party in the evening to express his help before influential guests, because "it is necessary to depend on others." This young man lives according to the rules of the "century past", and therefore "silent bliss in the world."

"Summer Century" in the play "Mount from the mind." The image of the khatsky.

The only defender of other views on the problem affected in the work, the representative of the "century of the current", is Chatsky. He brought up with Sofia, between them was the youthful love hero and at the time of the events of the play kept in his heart. Chatsky for three years was not in the house of Famusov, because Wood on light. Now he returned with the hopes for the mutual love of Sofia. But here everything changed. The lover meets him coldly, and his views in the root disagree with the views of the Famow Society.

On the call of Famusov "Soda-tip)!" Chatsky replies that he is ready to serve something, but only "the case, not to persons," but "to serve" in general "nausea". In the "century last", Chatsky does not see freedom for the human person. He does not want to be a jerk for society, where "he was famous, whose neck was more often bent," where a person is not evaluated by personal qualities, but by the material benefits that he possesses. And indeed, how can you judge a person only by its ranks, if "the ranks are given by people, and people can deceive"? Chatsky sees B. famovovsky society enemies free Life And does not find samples in it. The main character in his accusatory monologues in the address of Famusov and his supporters is opposed to serfdom, against the slave love of Russian people to the whole foreign, against chinoplochy and careerism. Chatsky is a supporter of the Enlightenment, the creative and seeker who can act in agreement with the conscience.

The "century century" is inferior in the play "Aveth last" in terms of numbers. Only therefore, Chatsky is doomed to defeat in this battle. Just until the time of Chatsky came. The split in the noble environment only outlined, but in the future the progressive views of the main hero of the Comedy "Mount from Wit" will give magnificent shoots. Now Chatsky declared crazy, because the accusatory speech is not terrible. The conservative nobility, supporting the rumor about the madness of Chatsky, only for a while they fence themselves from the changes they are so afraid, but which are inevitable.

conclusions

Thus, in the comedy "grief from the mind", the problem of generations is not the main and does not disclose the entire depth of the conflict between the "century of the current" and the "century last". The contradictions of two camps lie down in the difference of their perception of life and the device of society, in different methods Interaction with this society. This conflict cannot be solved by verbal battles. Only time and a series historical events Naturally will change the old on the new one.

Conducted comparative analysis Two generations will help students 9 classes describe the conflict of the "century of the current" with the "century last" in its essay on the topic "Century of the current" and the "century past" in the comedy "grief from the mind" Griboyedov "

Test on the work

In 1824, A.S. Griboedov finished his comedy "grief from the mind." Written in the era of the preparation of the "knightly female" of the Decembrists, the play spoke about the moods and conflicts of that tense time. The extensions of the pre-kartsy sentiments were heard in the sharp chips of Chatsky, and in the frightened replicas of Famusov and his friends, and in the general tone of the comedy. In the center of the play lies a clash between the supporters of the Barskaya Moscow and the group of "new people". Directly against the old orders in the comedy, only Alexander Andreevich Chatsky speaks. Thus, the author emphasizes the exceptional position of people with progressive glances. "In my comedy," Griboedov wrote, "twenty five fools on one sensible person." Most. a bright representative The "century passed" in the play is Magazov. Its image, compared to other representatives of the Moscow society, was more clearly discharged by the author. Good-natured and chickens, which he may seem in a conversation with a cliff at the beginning of the play, rude with homemade, picky, stingy and little. Here is his understanding of how to appreciate the acquaintance, relatives: I am in front of Rodnoy, where I will meet, Clarice; Oslav her at the bottom of the sea. A really this hero does not care if the fate of his daughter nor official affairs. Famuses are afraid of only one life: "What will say the princess of Marya Alekskna!". Thus, in the face of Famusov, the author implicated the sinoplace of the Moscow light. Each Famusov's conversation with Chatsky ends with an inevitable "disorder" of the first. So, in the second action (yawl. 2) the heroes remain alone, and they manage to talk. Famuses have not seen Chatsky for a long time, so he still does not know what a boy familiar to him becomes once. In its conversation, the heroes are first the issue of service. Chatsky immediately notes: "It would be glad to serve, sichenly serve." Famuses, not understanding what Alexander Andreyevich is in mind, trying to teach him how to seek "both places and enhanced in Chin." Famusov's mouth says all the Barskoy Moscow: and Uncle! What is your prince? What is the graph? When it is necessary to serve, and he bent into the inflection ... Such and only such a method of ministry, as Magazov says, can bring fame and honor. And so it was in the era of Catherine II. But times have changed. Chucksky points to this when it is in ironic and a somewhat angry manner: but meanwhile? Who hunt will take, at least in the workshop of the fervor, now, to mix the people, to dare to sacrifice the back. Next, Chatsky in the most valid and witty expressions Magnifier "Century Past". He argues that now the new time that people no longer legate in front of the patrons ("in the patrons to yawn on the ceiling"), and they are achieved in this life only with the help of abilities and mind: no, now the light is not so. Larger, everyone breathes and does not hurry to fit into the shelter. All this hero speaks in such a heat that he does not notice - Magazov has long been not listening to him, he shouted his ears. Thus, the conversation of two characters is a farce. This technique uses it specifically in order to outlines the position of Chatsky - their arguments are not listening, because something is impossible to oppose them. The only thing that could protect the old familiar regime, so it's a striculous b forbade I forbid this gentlemen to approach the capitals. In fair, fermented attacks of Chatsky to the Moscow Society of Pharmuses sees danger, liberty. He believes that the reason lies in the fact that they are growing in the light, beat the bumps, spoil, wait about them. We also hear one of the exclamations of Famousov: "What does say! And he says, as writes! ". It relates to the speeches of Chatsky and stands in a number of such characteristics of this hero, as " dangerous man"," Yes, he does not recognize the authorities! ", Karbonari. Why is it, from the point of view of Famousov, terrible? Later, in the third phenomenon, Magovyov will declare that the cause of Chatsky's madness is "learning", so all the books

Griboedov deliberately confronted in the comedy "century century" and the "century passed". For what? In order to expose the problems and of the other century. And there are many problems in Russia - serfdom, upbringing and education of youth, production in ranks. This century Presented by the young nobleman Chatsky, who received education in Europe. He wants to apply the knowledge gained in Russia. But, alas, Russia lives in a century last with his terrible, ulcerative ulcer - serfdom. Last century Presented by feudal conservatives led by the Famusov. They are not going to pass their position without a fight. And the swords crossed verbal duel, Only sparks fly.

The first round is attitude to wealth and ranks. Youth is ready and wants to serve Russia. "It would be glad to serve nauseous." This is the slogan of Chatsky. And what may offer in response? Inheritance service. His ideal is the dense uncle Maxim Petrovich (and where did he dug out him)? He served in Catherine the Great, and it doesn't matter that he was a stupid jerk.

Round the second - attitude to education issues. Famouse's drop - education is not necessary, it is scary as the plague. Educated people dangerous and scary. But following the fashion, hire foreign teachers. Chatsky parries - he sees Russia formed, enlightened, cultural. Something resemble the ideas of early Decembrists.

Round the third is the attitude to the fastener right. Chatsky in indignation - he does not understand how people people sell, as cattle, change, they play cards, separated families, send to distant cold Siberia. For Famouse, this is an ordinary practice.

"The past month", as often accepted in Russia, is not fighting according to the rules, not honestly. If you lose the enemy, then you need to neutralize it for some time and get out of the game. Everything is simple and tastefully made by the hands of a once-beloved woman. In order not to interfere with her and others to live in the old way, she publicly slandered Chatsky, saying that he was a soul. Well, at least not violently obsessed, but it would generally be isolated from society. And with a sick person what to take. Itself does not know what he says.

In essence, Chatsky and maintain something no one. He has no associates, and one with the Magazov and the liker and the like to cope. The play mentions people who, from the point of view of the Famovsk company, strange. it cousin Scalozub reading books in the village. Yes, Prince Fyodor, to which the label "Chemist and Botany" stuck tightly. And that in this funny and shameful - it is not clear. Reptiles in secret reports that he is in some society. What they do there, no one knows. "Noise", as reheetals itself is expressed about their activities.

The humiliated, offended, but not defeated by Chatskom, is not anything else, how to leave this city and people who slandered and rejected it.

Option 2.

The story was over 1824. At this time, disagreements about views were raised between people in different layers of society. Literally a year later, the Decembrists were rebuilt and it happened approximately due to the brewing problem. Those who supported all new, reforms, changes both in politics and literature, became against conservative relatives.

Approximately such a liberally tuned Chatsky, which literally personally had youth, the fervor and desire to change. And Pharmuses, like all older people, was inclined to "before it was better," because he advocated the preservation of this "earlier." When Chapskom had to return to the capital, then the first thing he rushed into the fact that Sofya began to speak as well as his father. The words of the beloved caused pain, but the young man understood the power of propaganda, which in powerful waves fell on sofya from her father.

Actually, the first collision of the "century past" and "current" occurred on the basis military service. For Famousov, the service is only a way of earnings. What is noteworthy: earning at any cost. He does not care what sometimes you have to go under the highest ranks, but the Chatsky has a different attitude. Having said and a little rude phrase "serve would be happy to serve nauseous," he clearly explained his position. He literally nourishes disgust to the blind worship of foreign things, kindness, serfdom, which is so mila by the Famovsky circle.

Famousov's friends, in turn, consider Sadya's beloved Sophia, sofa, sacrificed, inaccier in the actions and words of Frant. And now, it is possible to imagine how difficult was Sofye: on the one hand, the father promotes foreign writers and everything else, and on the other - the young man talks about the uselessness of foreign teachers.

Thus, the mouths of Chatsky spoke to the people of Griboedov himself about the need to change. He tried in vain to convey that everything that is in Russia is already good that there is a teacher, much better than foreign. And creativity .... The fact that creativity is better in Russia, Griboedov decided to prove on his own example.

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