Talent artistic The ability of a person manifested in artistic creativity, a socially deterministic unique unity of the emotional and intellectual features of the artist, artistic talent differs from genius (see the genius of art), which opens up new directions in art. Artistic talent determines the nature and possibilities of creativity, elected by the artist's type of art (or several types of art), the range of interests and aspects of the attitude of the artist to reality. At the same time, the artist's artistic talent is unthinkable without an individual method and style as the sustainable principles of the artistic embodiment of the idea and plan. The individuality of the artist is manifested not only in the work itself, but also exists as a prerequisite for creating this work. The artistic talent of the artist can be implemented in specific socio-economic and political conditions. Separate epochs in the history of human society create the most favorable conditions for the deployment and implementation of artistic talent ( classical antiquity, Revival, Muslim Renaissance in the East).

Recognition of the determining value of socio-economic and political conditions, as well as the spiritual atmosphere in the implementation of artistic talent, does not mean their absolutization. The artist is not only a product of the era, but also the Creator. The essential property of consciousness is not only the reflection, but also the transformation of reality. For the implementation of artistic talent great value Have subjective moments of working capacity, the ability to mobilize the artist of all its emotional, intellectual and volitional forces.

PLOT (FR. sujet subject) Method of artistic understanding, organization of events (i.e. artistic transformation of Fabul). Specificity specific plot clearly manifests not only when comparing it with real life historywho served as the basis, but also when comparing descriptions human life in documentary and fiction, memorarist and novels. The distinction of the event base and its artistic reproduction is still from Aristotle, but the conceptual distinction of terms was undertaken only in the XX century. In Russia, the word "plot" for a long time was synonymous with the word "theme" (in the theory of painting and sculptures also now it is often used in this meaning).

In relation to the literature at the end of the last century, it began to mean a system of events, or, by definition, A. N. Veselovsky, the amount of motives (T e. The fact that in another terminological tradition is made to call Fabula). Scientists of the Russian "Formal School" proposed to consider the plot as processing, giving the form to the primary material - Fabul (or, as was formulated in late works V. B. Shklovsky, the plot is a way of artistic comprehension of reality).

The most common method of transformation of the fabul. Destruction of inviolability of the time series, rearrangement of events, parallel development. A more complex use of nonlinear bonds between episodes. This is a "rhyme", associative re-drawing situations, characters, sequences of episodes. Text can be built on the collision different points vision, comparison of mutually exclusive options for the development of the narration (Roman A. Murdoch "Black Prince", film A. Kaiata "Married Life", etc.). Central theme It can develop simultaneously in several plans (social, family, religious, artistic) in visual, color, sound rows.

Some researchers believe that motivation, the system of internal liabilities of the work, the methods of the narrative are not related to the area of \u200b\u200bthe plot, but to the composition in the strict sense of the word. The plot is considered as a chain of depicted movements, gestures of spiritual impulses, pronounced or "conceivable" words. In unity with the fabul, he draws the relationship and contradictions between the characters among themselves and circumstances, that is, the conflict of the work. In modernist art, there is a tendency to incorrect (abstractionism in painting, inconsumer ballet, atonal music, etc.).

The plot is essential in literature and art. Conflicts are revealed in the system of plot connections, the characters of the actions in which the great problems of the era are reflected.

Methods of aesthetic analysis (from Greek. Methodos - the path of research, theory, teaching) - specifying the basic principles of materialistic dialectics in relation to the study of nature artistic creativity, aesthetic I. artistic cultureA variety of forms of aesthetic development of reality.

The leading principle of analyzing the diverse areas of aesthetic development of reality is the principle of historicism, the most fully developed in the field of art study. It suggests as a study of art due to its conditionality itself, comparing the phenomena of an artistic series with extremely sophisticated, identification social characteristicsdefining the development of art and the disclosure of system-structural formations within the art itself, relative to the independent logic of artistic creativity.

Along with the philosophical and aesthetic methodology, which has a certain categorical apparatus, modern aesthetics also uses a variety of techniques, analytical approaches of private sciences that have auxiliary value mainly when studying formalized levels of artistic creativity. Appeal to private techniques and tools of private sciences (semiotics, structural and functional analysis, sociological, psychological, information approaches, mathematical modeling, etc.) corresponds to the nature of modern scientific knowledgebut these techniques are not identical scientific methodology Studies of art are not an "analogue of the subject" (F. Engels) and cannot claim the role of a philosophical and aesthetic method, adequate nature of the aesthetic development of reality.

Conceptual art One of the types of artistic avant-gardium of the 70s. It is associated with the third stage in the development of avant-gardium T. Naz. Neoavanticism.

Proponents of conceptual art deny the need to create artistic images (so, in painting, they must be replaced by inscriptions of an indefinite content), and the functions of art see that with the help of operating concepts to activate the process of purely intellectual creation.

Conceptual art products are thinking as absolutely devoid of pictorships, they do not reproduce K.L. Properties of real objects, being the results of mental interpretation. For a philosophical substantiation of conceptual art, an eclectic mixture of ideas borrowed from the philosophy of Kanta, Wittgenstein, knowledge sociology, etc. As the phenomenon of the crisis socio-cultural situation, a new course is associated with small-bourgeois anarchism and individualism in the sphere of the spiritual life of society.

Constructivism (from Lat. Constructio - construction, structure) - formalistic direction in the Soviet art of the 20s, which put forward a program for the restructuring of the entire artistic culture of society and art, focusing not on imagery, but on the functional, constructive feasibility of forms.

Constructivism was widely distributed in the Soviet architecture of the 20-30s., As well as in other art types (cinema, theater, literature). Almost simultaneously with Soviet constructivism, constructivist movement under the name. Neopasticism arose in Holland, similar trends took place in German Bauhause. For many artists, constructivism was only stage in creativity.

The constructivism is characterized by absolutization of the role of science and the aesthetization of technology, the conviction that science and technique are the only means of solving social and cultural problems.

The constructivist concept has passed a number of stages in its development. Common for constructivists were: an understanding of the work of art as a real construction created by the artist; The struggle for new forms of art and the desire to master the aesthetic opportunities of the structure. At the final stage of its existence, constructivism joined the period of canonization of the formal-aesthetic techniques. As a result, the aesthetic capabilities of technical structures, the opening of which represented the undoubted merit of "pioneers of the design" was absolutized. Constructivists were not considered the fact that the dependence of the form from the design is mediated by a combination of cultural and historical facts. Their program of "public utility of art" as a result became the program of its destruction, the information of the aesthetic object to material and physical basis, to pure formation. Cognitive, ideological and aesthetic side of art, its national specificity and imagery as a whole disappeared, which led to impossibility in art.

At the same time, the attempts to identify the laws that control the form of the material, the analysis of its combinatorial features (V. Tatlin, K. Malevich) contributed to the development of new approaches to the material and technological side of creativity.

COMPOSITION (Lat. Compositio Location, drawing up, addition) is a method for constructing an artistic work, the principle of communication of the same type and heterogeneous components and parts consistent with each other and with the whole. The composition is due to the methods of formation and features of perception, characteristic of a certain type and genre of art, the laws of construction of a artistic sample (see) in canonized types of culture (for example, folklore, ancient Egyptian art, East, Western European Middle Ages, etc.), as well as individual peculiarities The artist, ineptly content of the work of art in non-conjunted types of culture (European art of the new and modern time, baroque, romanticism, realism, etc.).

In the composition of the work, they are embodied and the artistic development of the topic is determined, the moral and aesthetic assessment of the author, according to S. Eisenstein, is the naked nerve of the author's intention, thinking and ideology. Mediated (in music) or more directly (in fine arts) The composition correlates with the patterns of a vital process, with the subject and spiritual world reflected in artistic work. It takes the transition of artistic content and its internal relationship In the relation of the form, and ordering of the form - in the order of content. To distinguish the laws of constructing these arts arts, two terms are sometimes used: architectonics (interconnection of content components) and composition (the principles of formation of the form). There is another type of differentiation: general shape The structures and the relationship of large parts of the work are called architectonics (for example, the structure in the poetic text), and the relationship of the components of more fractional - compositions (for example, the location of poetic lines and speech material itself). It should be borne in mind that in the theory of architecture and organization subject environment Another pair of correlated concepts is used: a design (the unity of the material components of the form achieved by identifying their functions) and the composition (artistic completion and focusing of structurally functional aspirations, taking into account the characteristics visual perception and artistic expressiveness, decorativeness and integrity of the form).

The concept of composition should be distinguished from the widespread distribution in the 60s - 70s. The concepts of the structure of an artistic work, as a sustainable, repeating principle, compositional norm of a certain species, kind, genre, style and directions in art. Unlike the structure, the composition is the unity, the fight and the struggle of regulatory and typological and individual-unique trends in building a artistic work. The degree of regulation and individual originality, the uniqueness of the composition is different in various types of art (cf. European classicism and "relaxed" romanticism), in certain genres of one and the same type of art (compositional regality in the tragedy is expressed brighter than in drama, and in Sonet is immeasurably higher than in a lyrical message). Specific compositions in separate species and the genres of art, at the same time, of course, their mutual influence: the theater has mastered the pyramidal and diagonal composition plastic arts, and plot-thematic painting - the scene of the scene. Different kinds Arts, directly and indirectly, consciously and unconsciously, absorbed the compositional principles of musical constructions (for example, a sampling form) and plastic ratios (see).

In the art of XX century. Composite constructions are complicated due to the increased inclusion of associative links, memories, dreams, by means of temporary differences and spatial shifts. The composition is also complicated in the process of bringing the traditional and "technical" arts. Extreme forms Upgrades absolutize this trend and inform her irrational absurd meaning (" new Roman", Theaters of absurd, surrealism, etc.).

In general, the composition in art expresses an artistic idea and organizes aesthetic perception in such a way that it moves from one component of the work to another, from the part to the whole.

Artistic art (from lat. Intuitio - contemplation) - the most important element creative thinkingaffecting such parties artistic

activities and artistic consciousness as creativity, perception, truth. In very generalWhen intuition is recognized as an equally important both in art and in science, it is nothing more than a special discretion of truth, which costs without support for reasonable forms of knowledge associated with one type or another type of logical evidence.

The most important artistic intuition in creativity. This is especially brightly manifested at the initial stage of the creative process, in T. Naz. "Problem situation." The fact that the result of creativity should be original, forces creative personality Already at the earliest stage of creativity, to seek such a decision that has not been found before. It implies a cardinal revision of established concepts, thought schemes, ideas about man, space and time. Intuitive knowledge as knowledge of the new, usually exists in the form of an unexpected guess, a symbolic scheme, in which the contours of the future work are only guessed. However, according to many artists, this kind of insight is the basis of the entire creative process.

Aesthetic and especially art perception Also include elements of artistic intuition. Not only the creation artistic image The creator of art, but also the perception of artistic picture reader, the audience, the listener is associated with a certain mood to the perception of artistic value, which is hidden from surface observation. Artistic intuition becomes a means with which perceived penetrates into the area of \u200b\u200bartisticly significant. In addition, artistic intuition ensures the act of creating the work of art and his creator.

Until now, much in the action of an intuitive mechanism is mysterious and causes great difficulties in studying it. Sometimes on this basis, artistic intuition refers to the field of mysticism and identified with one of the forms of irrationalism in aesthetics. However, the experience of many ingenious artists It indicates that due to artistic intuition, it is possible to create works, deeply and truthfully displaying validity. If the artist does not depart from the principles of realism in creativity, the artistic intuition, which he actively uses, can be considered as special effective tool Cognition, not contrary to the criteria of truth and objectivity.

INTRIGUE (from lat. Intricare - confuse) - Artistic reception used to build a fabul and plot in different genres fiction, cinema, theatrical art (Intended and unexpected turns of action, interlacing and colliding of the interests of the characters depicted). The idea of \u200b\u200bthe importance of introducing intrigues to the deployment of the action depicted in a dramatic work was first expressed by Aristotle: "The most important thing that tragedy carries the soul, the essence of the part of the Fabul - Peripetias and recognition.

Intrigue gives an intense and exciting character. With its help, the transfer of complex and conflict (see) relations between people in their private and social life is achieved. The reception of intrigue is usually widely used in the works of the adventure genre. However, these are classics writers and in other genres, which is applied from creative heritage Great Writers-Realista - Pushkin, Lermontov, Dostoevsky, L. Tolstoy, etc. Often the intrigue is only a means of external enraged. It is characteristic of bourgeois, purely commercial art, designed for a bad philistine taste. The opposite tendency of bourgeois art is the desire for inconsistency, when intrigue disappears as artistic reception.

ANTITHESIS (Greek Antithesis - opposite) - the stylistic figure of the contrast of the organization as an artistic and not artistic speech, which is based on the use of words with the opposite value (antonyms).
The antithesis as an opposition figure in the rhetoric figure system is known since the antiquity times. So, for the aristotle of the antithesis, a certain "method of presentation" of thought, a means of creating a special - "opposite" - period.

In the artistic speech of the antithesis, has special properties: it becomes an element artistic systemserves as a means of creating an artistic image. Therefore, the antithesis is called the opposite of not only words, but also images of the artistic work.

As an antithesis oppression figure can be expressed as absolute and contextual antonyms.

And the light house is anxious
I stayed together with darkness,
Impossible was possible
But the possible one was a dream.
(A. Block)

ALLEGORY (Greek Allegoria - allegory) One of the allegorical artistic techniques, the meaning of which is that the abstract thought or phenomenon of reality acts in the art of art in the form of a particular image.

By the nature of its allegory of two-storage.

On the one hand, this is a concept or phenomenon (cunning, wisdom, good, nature, summer, etc.), on the other - a specific subject, a picture of life, illustrating an abstract thought that makes her visual. However, by itself, this picture of life plays only a service role - illustrates, decorates the idea, and therefore deprived of "any definite individuality" (Hegel), as a result of which the idea can be expressed by a number of "picture arts" (A. F. Losev).

However, the connection of the two plans of the allegory is not arbitrary, it is based on the fact that the general exists, manifests itself only in a specific single object, the properties, the functions of which and serve as a means of creating an allegory. It is possible to submit an example of the allegory of "fertility" V. Mukhina or "Pigeon" Picasso - allegory of the world.

Sometimes the idea exists not only as an allegorical plan of the allegory, but is expressed directly (for example, in the form of a fought "morality"). In this form, the allegory is especially characteristic of works of art that persecute moral and didactic goals.

Everyone is well known that art is the self-expression of a separate personality, and the literature, one to be the self-expression of the writer's personality. "Baggage" of a writing person consists of vocabulary, speech techniques, skills to use these techniques. The richer the artist's palette is, the greater the possibilities when creating the canvas it possesses. The same with the writer: the more expressive his speech than the brightest images, the deeper and more interesting to the statement, the more severe emotional influence The readers will be able to provide his works.

Among the means of speech expressiveness, called more often "artistic techniques" (or otherwise figures, trails) in literary creativity In the first place in the frequency of use there is a metaphor.

The metaphor is used when we use a word or expression in a figurative value. This transfer is carried out by the similarity of individual features of the phenomenon or object. Most often, it is the metaphor that creates an artistic image.

Metaphor species are quite a lot, among them:

metonimium - a trail mixing on adjacency, sometimes imposing the overlay of one value to another

(Examples: "Extract - I still a plate!"; "Van Gogh hangs on the third floor");

(examples: "Nice parenchy"; "Pathetic man", "bitter bread");

comparison - Speech Figure, which characterizes the subject through a comparison of one with another

(Examples: "Like a baby's flesh fresh, like a call of a nute");

elimination - "revival" of objects or phenomena of inanimate nature

(Examples: "ominous megging"; "Autumn crushed"; "Blizzard overlap");

hyperbole and litt - figure in the meaning of exaggeration or the accuracy of the described object

(Examples: "He always argues"; "Sea of \u200b\u200btears"; "Makovaya Rosinka was not in the mouth");

sarcasm - evil, stinging mockery, sometimes a frank verbal mockery (for example, in the distribution in lately rap battles);

irony - a mocking statement when the speaker does in mind something completely different (for example, the works of I. Ilf and E. Petrov);

humor - a trail expressing cheerful and most often a good-natured mood (in this venerer, for example, Basni I.A. Krylova);

grotesque - Speech Figure, intentionally violating the proportions and true sizes of objects and phenomena (often used in fairy tales, another example - "Journey Gullyer" J. Swift, creativity N.V. Gogol);

kalambourg - Proer Doubleness, Word Game, based on their meanware

(examples can be found in jokes, as well as in the work of V. Mayakovsky, O. Khayama, K. Prutkova, etc.);

oxymoron - a combination in one expression of incompatible, two contradictory concepts

(Examples: "Scary beautiful", "original copy", "a pack of comrades").

However, speech expressiveness is not exhausted only stylistic figures. In particular, it is possible to mention another sound, which is an artistic method that implies a certain order of constructing sounds, syllables, words to create some kind of image or mood, imitation of sounds real Mira. The reader will more often meet the reader in poetic works, but this reception is found in prose.

If you look at the sky, you will see the sun. Without the sun, life on earth is impossible. The sun attracts people to thousands of years. In antiquity, he was worshiped and sacrificed sacrifices.

• Red Wolf - a rare animal message

  Among famous species Animals in the world of fauna allocate those that have features, thanks to which they can be attributed to the discharge of rare. It may be unusual appearance, warm skin or nourishing animal meat

• Soap - Chemistry post 10 class

  Any self-respecting person will not be able to provide his life without soap. It symbolizes purity and personal hygiene. FROM scientific Vision Soap - solid or liquid substance

• Chammurapi laws - Report Report

  Code of Chammurapi laws is ancient monument written laws. It was created by one of the rulers of the Babylon of Hammurapi Dynasty. The text of the laws was carved on basalt signs. Subsequently at the beginning of XX

• How to teach a child to work and work?

  To date, the younger generation is often instead of domestic work or helping his relatives in any other field of activity, just choose walks on the street or computer games

What can I wish a person who wants to do literary labor? First, inspiration and dreams. Without this, any creativity is unthinkable. Only so craft becomes art! However, to start writing to a person, a priori should read a lot. Initially techniques literary reading Learn more B. high School. It is important to understand the actual content of the work, its main ideas, motives and feelings, driving characters. Based on this produced holistic analysis. In addition, its own life experience plays a significant role.

The role of literary techniques

Adepta literary activity It is necessary to carefully and moderately use standard techniques (epithets, comparisons, metaphors, irony, allyzia, calabura, etc.). The secret that for some reason is rarely disclosed, is that they are secondary. Indeed, mastering the ability to write artwork is often criticized as the ability to use certain literary techniques.

What gives the awareness and understanding of their essence to the writing and writing person? Reply figuratively: about the same thing that the flippers who are trying to sail. If the person does not know how to swim, the flippers are useless for him. That is, stylistic linguistic tricks cannot serve as an end to the author. Little to know how literary techniques are called. We must be able to carry people with your thought, fantasy.

Metaphor

We define the main literary techniques. Metaphors are relevant creative substitution of the properties of one subject or object properties of the other. Such a trail is achieved an unusual and fresh look at the details and episodes of the work. An example can serve as well-known metaphors of Pushkin ("Fountain of Love", "in the river mirror") and Lermontov ("Life of the Sea", "Tears by splashes").

Indeed, poetry is the most creative path for lyrical natures. Perhaps therefore, literary techniques in the poem are most noticeable. It is no coincidence that some artistic prose art They call prose in verses. So Turgenev and Gogol wrote.

Epitts and comparisons

What are such literary techniques like epithets? Writer V. Soloohin called their "Word Clothes". If we talk about the essence of the epithet extremely briefly, it is the very word that characterizes the essence of an object or phenomenon. We give examples: "Static Birch", "Golden Hands", "Fast Thoughts".

Comparison as an artistic technique allows for an increase in expressiveness to compare social actions with the phenomena of nature. It can be easily noticed in the text according to the characteristic words "as", "as if", "as if". Often comparison acts as a deep creative reflection. Recall the quote famous poet And the Publicist of the XIX century Peter Vyazemsky: "Our life in old age is a worn bathrobe: and conscientiously carry it, and sorry to leave."

Pun

What is the name of the literary reception with the word game? We are talking about use in artworks of homonyms and multivalued words. So they are created well acquaintances to everyone and loved by all the people of jokes. Such words are often used and classics: A. P. Chekhov, Omar Khayiam, V. Mayakovsky. As an example, we give the quotation of Andrei Knysheva: "In the house everything was stolen, and even the air is some kind of fine." Lee is it, witty says!

However, those who are interested in how the literary reception is called with the game of words, should not think that puns are always comic. I will illustrate this by the famous thought of N. Krykov: "The criminals also leads to good, but, unfortunately, to someone else's."

However, we recognize that the anecdical situations are still more. Immediately, another pun is coming for memory - a comparison of the criminal with a flower (the first is at first grown, and then squeeze, and the second is the opposite).

Be that as it may, the literary reception with the game of words came from the common speech. It is no coincidence that the Kalambura is rich in Odessa humor Mikhail Zhvanetsky. Is it not true, wonderful phrase from Maestro Yumor: "The car collected ... in the bag."

Able to create kalabura. Dare!

If you really have a bright sense of humor, then the literary reception with the word game is your know-how. Work on quality and originality! The Master of Building Unique Kalasburov is always in demand.

We in this article were limited to the interpretation of only some instruments of writers. In fact, they are much more. For example, such a technique, as a metaphor, contains an impersonation, metonymy ("he ate three plates").

Literary Reception Parabola

Writers and poets often enjoy tools that wearing sometimes called simply paradoxical. For example, one of the literary techniques is called "Parabola". But after all, literature is not an euclide geometry. It would probably be surprised by ancient Greek mathematician, the Creator of two-dimensional geometry, having learned that the name of one of the curves found itself and literary use! Why is such a phenomenon? Probably the cause is the properties of a parabolic function. The array of its values \u200b\u200bcoming from infinity to the start point and goes into infinity is similar to the speech figure of the same name. That is why one of the literary techniques is called "Parabola".

Such genre form Used for the specific organization of the entire narrative. Recall the famous tale of Hemingway. It is written according to the laws similar to the same name. geometric Figure. The stroke of the narration begins as if from afar - with the description of the difficult life of fishermen, then the author sets out to us the essence itself - the greatness and invincibility of the spirit of a particular person - the Cuban fisherman of Santiago, and after the tale again goes into infinity, acquiring pathos legend. Similarly, wrote Kobo Abe Roman-parable "Woman in the sands", and Gabriel Garcia Marquez - "One hundred years of loneliness."

Obviously, the literary reception of Parabola is more global than previously described by us. To notice his use by a writer, not enough to read a certain paragraph or chapter. To do this, not only read all the work all the work, but also to evaluate it in terms of the development of the plot disclosed by the author of images, total issues. It is these assay techniques that literary work All will allow, in particular, to determine the fact of use by writer Parabola.

Creativity and artistic techniques

When a person is useless to take literary work? The answer is extremely concrete: when he does not know how to express thought interesting. You should not start writing, armed with knowledge, if your narratives do not listen to others if you do not have inspiration. Even if you use spectacular literary techniques, they will not help you.

Suppose, found interesting topic, There are characters, there is a breathtaking (on the subjective opinion of the author) the plot ... Even in such a situation we recommend passing a simple test. You must arrange it for yourself. Check if you are interested in the idea of \u200b\u200byour work well a familiar person, the interests of which you imagine are perfect. After all, people are repeated. Inteiting one, you will be interested in tens of thousands ...

About creative potential and composition

The author, of course, should be stopped and not to continue to write, if he is in relation to readers subconsciously associates either with a shepherd, or with a manipulator or with a political technologist. It is impossible to humiliate its audience by the subconscious superiority. Readers will notice this, and such "creativity" will not be formed.

Talk with the audience simply and smoothly, as equal to equal. You must be every offer, every paragraph to interest the reader. It is important that the text will be exciting, carrying people who are interested in in themselves.

But this is not enough for a person who wants to engage in literature. One thing is to tell, the other is to write. Literary techniques Require the ability to build the composition. For this, he should be seriously practiced, writing artistic text and combining three main elements: description, dialogue and action. The dynamics of the plot depends on their relationship. And this is very important.

Description

The description carries the plot binding function to a certain place, time, season, the totality of the characters. It is functionally like theatrical scenery. Of course, the author initially, at the stage of the plan, represents the circumstances of the narration in detail in detail, but they should be presented to the reader gradually, artistic, optimizing the literary techniques used. For example, the art characteristic of the character character by the author is usually given by separate strokes, smears supplied in various episodes. At the same time, epithets, metaphors, comparisons are dosed.

After all, in life, too, at first, the attention is paid to the traits (growth, physique), and only then the color of the eyes, the form of the nose, etc. is considered.

Dialogue

The dialogue is a good tool to display the psychotype of the heroes of the work. The reader in them often sees the secondary description of the personality, character, social status, the assessment of the actions of one character, reflected by the consciousness of another hero of the same work. Thus, the reader gets the opportunity for the in-depth perception of the character (in a narrow sense) and understanding the characteristics of the society in the work created by the writer (in wide sense). The literary techniques of the author in the dialogues is aerobatics. It is in them (an example of this - the creativity of Viktor Pelevin) gets the most bright artistic discovery and generalizations.

However, the dialogue should be used with double caution. After all, if you overdo it, the work becomes unnatural, and the plot is rude. Do not forget that the main function of the dialogues is the communication of the characters of the work.

Act

The action is a mandatory element for literary narratives. It acts as a powerful author's plot element. In this case, the action is not only the physical movement of objects and characters, but also any dynamics of the conflict, for example, when describing the trial.

Caution for beginners: without having a clear idea of \u200b\u200bhow to set out the reader action, you should not begin to create a work.

What literary techniques are used when describing the action? Best when they are not at all. Scene of action in the work, even fantastic, most consistent, logical, tangible. It is thanks to this that the reader has the impression of the documentary of the artisticly described events. To allow the use of receptions of literature when describing the action can only be the true masters of the pen (remember from Sholokhovsky " Quiet dona"The stage of the appearance of the dazzling black sun in front of the eyes of Grigory Melekhova, shocked by the death of his beloved).

Literary reception of classics

As an increase in the craftsmanship of the author, all the bulk and relief in the rows is his own image, everyone is exquisitely becoming literary artistic techniques. Even if the author does not write about himself directly, his reader feels and unmistakably says: "This is Pasternak!" Or "this is Dostoevsky!" What is the secret here?

Starting to create, the writer puts his image into the work. Imprivant, carefully, in the second plan. Over time, his feather becomes more skillful. And the author inevitably passes in his works creative way From myself who invented true. He is beginning to recognize in style. It is this metamorphosis that is the chief literary reception in the work of each writer and the poet.

Artistic techniques in the literature and poem are called paths. They are present in any product of the poet or prose. Without them, the text could not be called artistic. In the art of the word - a mandatory element.

Artistic techniques in the literature, why do you need trails?

Artistic literature is a reflection of reality missed through the inside world of the author. The poet or prose writer does not just describe what sees around himself, in itself, in humans. He conveys his individual perception. The same phenomenon, for example, a thunderstorm or flowering trees in spring, love or grief - every writer will describe in its own way. In this, artistic techniques helps him.

Under the paths, it is customary to understand words or phrases that are used in a figurative value. With their help in his work, the author creates a special atmosphere, bright images, achieves expressiveness. They emphasize important details of the text, helping the reader to pay attention to them. Without it, it is impossible to convey ideological meaning Works.

Trails - it seemed to be the usual words consisting of letters used in a scientific article or simply spoken Speech. However, in the artwork becomes magical. For example, the word "wooden" becomes not adjective, characterizing the material, and the epithet that reveals the image of the character. Otherwise, the impenetrable, indifferent, indifferent.

Such a change becomes possible thanks to the ability of the author to select the capacious associations, finding accurate words to transfer their thoughts, emotions, sensations. Need a special talent to cope with such a task and create a work of art. Just stuffing text paths - little. It is necessary to be able to use them so that everyone makes a special meaning, playing a unique and unique role in the test.

Artistic techniques in poem

Especially relevant to the use of art techniques in poems. After all, the poet, in contrast to the prose, there is no possibility to devote, say, the description of the image of the hero is whole pages.

His "Spacious" is limited to several stanches. At the same time you need to transfer the immense. In the poem, literally every word - by weight of gold. Such it should not be. The most common poetic techniques:

1. Epitts - they can perform parts of speech as adjective, sacrament and sometimes phrases consisting of nouns used in a figurative value. Examples of such artistic techniques - " golden autumn"," Foresting feelings "," King without sweat ", etc. Epithets express not objective, namely author's characteristic something: subject, character, actions or phenomenon. Some of them become resistant over time. They are most often found in folklore works. For example, "Clear Sun", "Spring Red", "Good Well done."

2. The metaphor is a word or phrase, figurative meaning which allows you to compare two objects with each other on the basis of a general feature. Reception is considered a complex trail. The examples include the designs: "Popper hair" (hidden comparison of hairstyles with a dust hay), "Lake of the Soul" (comparison of the human soul with a lake on a common sign - depth).

3. Elimination is an artistic technique that allows "to revive" inanimate objects. In poetry, this is used mainly in relation to nature. For example, "the wind with a cloud", "the sun gives its warmth," "Winter Surovo looked at me with his white eyes."

4. The comparison has a lot in common with the metaphor, but is not sustainable and hidden. The phrase usually contains the words "as", "like", "like". For example, "and like the Lord God, I love everyone in the world of people," "her hair, as if cloud."

5. Hyperbole is an artistic exaggeration. Allows you to draw attention to certain features that the author wants to allocate, considers them characteristic for anything. And therefore intently exaggerates. For example, "a man of growth man", "she flushed the ocean of tears."

6. Lithota - Antonym hyperboles. The goal is to be understood, soften anything. For example, "elephant magnitude with a dog", "Our life is just a moment."

7. Metonimia is a trail that is used to create an image one of its signs or elements. For example, "hundreds of legs fled on the pavement, and the hooves were in a hurry nearby", "the city smokes under the autumn sky." Metonimia is considered one of the species of metaphor, and has, in turn, his subspecies is sync.

Fullness of the Sloven. Possibilities of using codes. Illiaznyak dictionary. Use of morphological analysis. Morphological modules in new features. Morphological processing modules. Fragment of the zalizonak dictionary. Need. Computer morphology of the Russian language. Disadvantages of the vocabulary dictionary. Automatic analysis text. Computer analysis of natural language text. Transfer of dictionary. Computer morphology.

"Work with literature" - the definition of novelty of its research. Selection and search for literature. Expertise. Technical moments of work. Previation. Comment. Recommendation of the supervisor. Extracts. Summary. Citation features. Insecurity is a psychological curse. Citation without reference to Source: Plagiat. The main rule when working with literature is to write down. The decision on whether to read a specific book.

"An example of the analysis of the text" - in 3-5 sentences find separate definitions. Teach learning to analyze the text. Determine the view single offer. Fizkultminutka. Try to guess what we are talking about. Music is one of the most amazing wonders created by man. Find words with consoles. Syntactic language products. Sinwen. Comprehensive analysis text. Communication words in phrases. For what you need text.

"Content analysis" - content analysis differs from all other ways to study documents. Text Analysis Unit. Errors when applying the method. Content analysis concept. The essence of the method. Establishing the authorship of texts. Structural content analysis. Detection. Cognitive opportunities. Content analysis method. Article blacksmith writer. An example of structural content analysis. The history of the emergence. Content analysis and analysis method.

"Document Analysis" - Harold Lasswell. The start time of the winged rockets. Method of collecting material. Scientific turn. Paper does not blush. George Crill. The history of the content analysis method. Herbert Bloomer. History of the method. Methodological bases of content analysis. Employees Radio BBC. Tone material. Basic functions of communication. Accumulated experience. Thomas William Isaac. American political scientist. Unit of information. History. Registration. Using computer resources.

"Analysis of art text" - generosity. Egoist. She walked Siliverstain "Shchedly Tree". Heartlessness. Teacher. What qualities do man do a man. Than words differ from each other. Conscience. Reception "Reflections to express". Evaluation of activities. To wake. Text analysis. Narration. Scheme. Rendering disinterested assistance to others. Grateful tree. Creation. Receptions used in literary reading lessons. Complex analysis skills.