Antoine Saint Exupery: Biography. Literary heritage
His short life was not easy: in four years he lost his father, who treated the dynasty of graphs, and all worries in the upbringing took over the mother. For the entire pilot's career, he suffered 15 accidents, it was several times seriously injured, being in the hairs of death. However, despite all this, Exupery was able to leave his mark in history not only as an excellent pilot, but also as a writer who gave the world, for example, a "Little Prince".
Antoine de Saint-Exupery was born in the French city of Lyon at Count Jean-Mark St. Exupery, who was an insurance inspector, and his wife Marie Boua de Folomb. The family came from the ancient kind of Perigor's nobles.
Young writer. (Pinterest)
First, the future writer studied in Manse, in the Jesuit College of Saint Cru. After that, in Sweden in Freyburg in the Catholic board. He graduated from education at the Academy of Fine Arts at the Architecture Department. In October 1919, he is recorded by the Winnistrator to the National Higher School of Fine Arts on the Architecture Department.
The turning in his fate was 1921 - then he was called to the army in France. First, it is determined to the working team at repair shops, but soon he manages to pass the exam on a civil pilot.
In January 1923, the first aircraft crash is happening to him, it receives a cranial injury. After Exupery moved to Paris, where he was betrayed by writing works. However, on this field, he initially did not have success and was forced to take for any job: he traded cars, he was a seller in a bookstore.
Only in 1926, Exupery found his calling - became the pilot of the Aeropostal company, which delivered mail on the northern coast of Africa.
Pilot. (Pinterest)
On October 19, 1926, he was appointed by the head of the intermediate station Cap-Jubi, on the very edge of the Sahara. Here he writes his first work - "Southern Postal". In March 1929, St. Exupery returned to France, where he entered the highest aviation courses of the sea fleet in Brest. Soon Gallimar publishes released the novel "Southern Postal", and Exupery leaves for South America.
In 1930, St. Exupery was produced in Cavalians of the Order of the Honorary Legion for their contribution to the development of civil aviation. In the same year, St. Exupery writes "Night Flight" and meets his future wife Consuelo from El Salvador.
In the spring of 1935, Antoine became a correspondent of the Pari-Suar newspaper. He was sent on a business trip to the USSR. After the trip, Antohan wrote and published an essay "Crime and Punishment in the Face of Soviet Justice." This work was the first Western publication in which the author attempted to comprehend and understand the strict mode of Stalin
Soon, St. Exupery becomes the owner of his own aircraft S. 630 "SIMUN" and on December 29, 1935, it takes an attempt to put a record at Paris - Saigon flight, but tolerates an accident in the Libyan desert, barely avoiding death.
An officer. (Pinterest)
In January 1938, Exupery goes to New York. Here he moves to work on the book "Planet of People". On February 15, he starts the flight of New York - Fire Earth, but tolerates a heavy accident in Guatemala, after which he long restores health first in New York, and then in France.
During World War II, Saint-Exupii made several combat flights on the block "Block 174", fulfilling the tasks of aerial sphere, and was presented to the "Military Cross" award. In June 1941, after the defeat of France, he moved to the sister into an unequard part of the country, and later went to the United States. He lived in New York, where among other things he wrote his most famous book "Little Prince".
On July 31, 1944, St. Exupery went with the Borgo airfield on Corsica Island to the intelligence flight and did not return. For a long time about his death, nothing was known, and thought that he was crashed in the Alps. And only in 1998 in the sea near Marseille, one fisherman discovered a bracelet.
Saint-Exupii bracelet found by fisherman near Marseille. (Pinterest)
In May 2000, the diver of Luke Vanley said that the 70-meter depth discovered the fragments of the aircraft, possibly belonging to Saint Exupii. The remains of the aircraft were scattered on a strip of a kilometer long and a width of 400 meters.
Monument to Antoine de Saint-Exupery in Tarfa. (Pinterest)
In 2008, the German veteran of Luftwaffe 86-year-old Horst Rippert said that it was he who was killed by Messerschmitt Me-109 by Antoine de Saint-Exupery. According to Rippert statements, he admitted to clear the name of St. Experye from desertion or suicide accusations. According to him, he would not shoot, if he knew who was behind the opponent's airplane. However, pilots who served with RipPert express doubts about the veracity of his words.
Now raised fragments of the Exupery aircraft are located at the Aviation and Cosmonautics Museum in Le Bourget.
Antoine Marie Jean-Batist Roger de Saint-Exupery (Fr. Antoine Marie Jean-Baptiste Roger de Saint-Exupery) was born on June 29, 1900 in Lyon (France) in the aristocratic family. He was the third child of Graph Jean de Saint-Exupery.
Father died when Antoine was four years old, and mother was engaged in the upbringing of the boy. His childhood passed in the estate Saint-Maurice near Lyon, belonging to his grandmother.
In 1909-1914, Antoine and his younger brother Francois studied at the Jesuit College of Le Mans, then in a private educational institution in Switzerland.
Having received a bachelor's degree in a college, for several years, Antooman studied at the Academy of Arts on the architectural department, then received ordinary in aviation troops. In 1923 he was given a pilot certificate.
In 1926 he was taken to the general company of aviation enterprises belonging to the well-known Lateuer designer. In the same year, the first story of Antoine de Saint-Exupery "pilot" appeared in the press.
Saint-Exupii flew on the postal lines of Toulouse - Casablanca, Casablanca - Dakar, then became the head of the airfield in Fort Cap-Jubi to Morocco (part of this territory belonged to the French) - on the border of the Sahara.
In 1929, he returned to France for half a year and signed a contract with a book publishing Gastron Gillimar for the publication of seven novels, in the same year Roman "Southern Postal" was published. In September 1929, Saint-Exupery was appointed director of the French Aircraft Argentine airline in Buenos Aires.
In 1930, he was produced in the Cavalers of the Order of the Honorary Legion of France, and at the end of 1931 he became a laureate of the prestigious literary premium "Femina" for the novel "Night Flight" (1931).
In 1933-1934, he was a pilot test, made a number of long flights, ended the accident, was seriously injured several times.
In 1934, he filed the first application for the invention of a new planting system of aircraft (he had 10 inventions at the level of scientific and technical achievements of his time).
In December 1935, during a long flight from Paris to Saygon, Antoine de Saint-Exupery plane crashed in the Libyan desert, he was lying alone.
From the mid-1930s, he worked as a journalist: In April 1935, the Pari-Suar newspaper has visited Moscow and described this visit in several essays; In 1936, being a front correspondent, he wrote a series of military reports from Spain, where the civil war went.
In 1939, Antoine de Saint-Exupery was produced in officers of the Order of the Honorary Legion of France. In February, his book "Planet of People" was published (in Russian translation - "Land of people"; American name - "Wind, Sand and Stars"), which is a collection of autobiographical essays. The book was awarded the French Academy Prize and the US National Award.
When the Second World War began, Captain Saint-Exupery was mobilized into the army, but it was recognized by suitable for service on Earth. Using all its connections, Saint-Exupery has achieved appointment to aviation spending.
In May 1940, on the aircraft "Blok-174" he made a flight for exploration over Arras, for which he was awarded the Military Cross "For Martial merit".
After the occupation of France, German-fascist troops in 1940 emigrated to the United States.
In February 1942, his book "Military pilot" entered the United States and had a great success, after which St. Exupery at the end of Spring received an order from Reynal Hichkok publishing house to write a fairy tale. He signed a contract and began working on the philosophical-lyrical fairy tale "Little Prince" with copyright illustrations. In April 1943, the "Little Prince" was published in the United States, in the same year the story "Letter to the hostage" was published. Then Saint Exupery worked on the story "Citadel" (not completed, published in 1948).
In 1943, St. Exupery was left from America to Algeria, where he passed a course of treatment, from where in the summer in his air group, based in Morocco. After large difficulties with obtaining permission for flights, thanks to the support of the influential figures of French resistance, Saint-Exupery was allowed to perform five reconnaissance flights with aerial photography and enemy troops in the area of \u200b\u200bhis native Provence.
On the morning of July 31, 1944, Saint-Exupery on an equipped camera and did not have armared by the aircraft "Lighting P-38" went to an intelligence flight from the Borgo airfield on the island of Corsica. His task in that departure was collecting intelligence in the framework of the preparation of a landing plant in the south of France, occupied by the fascist invaders. The plane did not return to the database, and his pilot was declared missing.
The search for the remains of the aircraft was carried out for many years, only in 1998, Marseille fisherman Jean-Claude Bianco accidentally discovered near Marseille a silver bracelet with the name of the writer and his wife Consuelo.
In May 2000, the professional diver of Luke Vanleyl told the authorities that he discovered the remains of the aircraft on the 70-meter depth, which was performed by Saint-Exupery. From November 2003 to January 2004, a special expedition extracted the remains of the aircraft from the bottom, one of the parts managed to detect the labeling "2374 L", which corresponded to the Saint Exupieri aircraft.
In March 2008, the former pilot "Luftwaffe" 88-year-old Horst Rippert said it he knocked down this aircraft. Rippert's statements are confirmed by some information from other sources, but the same time in the magazines of the German Air Force was not found records of the plane, shot down on the day in the area, where Saint-Exupery disappeared, the found fragments of his aircraft did not have obvious traces of shelling.
Antoine de Saint-Exupery was married to the widow of the Argentine journalist Consuelo Suncin (1901-1979). After the disappearance of the writer, she lived in New York, then moved to France, where it was known as a sculptor and artist. A lot of time devoted to the perpetuation of the memory of Saint Exupery.
Material prepared on the basis of RIA news and open sources
Universe Antoine de Saint-Exupery
Consuelo Sunxin (1901-1979)
The widow of the Guatemala Writer Enrique Gomez Carrillo, Consuelo studied art and French. It was like a lightning strike. He and Antoine got married on April 12, 1931 in Age, where his sister's family took her. Their relationship was passionate and stormy, because Consuelo had a volcanic character, characteristic of her homeland. When St. Exceit received the Femina Prize, he left her to continue the evening with Nelly de Vogue, with whom he had a connection. She joined him when he began to need her; He took care of her as a child. She inspired him to the image of a rose from the "Little Prince" - his spikes and her beauty. Consuelo was unbalanced and beautiful. Despite their incessant quarrels, he always felt responsible for her. Shortly before his death, he instructed her concerns of his mother. From now on, she lived in the Grass, where she died in 1979.
Louise de Vilmoren (1902-1969)
The founder of the Bosseu Group, where Antoine received the title "The Great Sentimental and Comic Poet", Louise was his first love. She washydrated, but was the subject of universal courtship. But only one managed to seduce her: Antoine. They wrapped around, and their marriage was scheduled for the end of 1923. But the family did not like it, because the young man was poor. This is yes plus another Antoine accident in Bourget, which threatened by the fact that Louise would be the most young widow in his surroundings, forced her to abandon their joint projects. Antoine then plunged into deep grief. He expelled her with his own help, inspired by Genevieve in the Southern Mail. However, he did not stop her writing, found it in his Parisian kitsuzh and never forget.
Nelli de Vogue (1908-2003)
Nelli was present at the trial readings of the "southern postal" in Louise de Vilmoren. Then they met with Antoine in the Paris salons, and a steady connection was established between them. She gave him stability. It can be seen from numerous letters that they exchanged, where Antoine spoke her of his unconditional love. She found him in New York in 1938 after an accident that happened to Him in Guatemala City, then in an oropon. She joined him in Algeria in 1943. After her departure, he never stopped writing her to declare her about his passion again, and it went on July 30, 1944, until the day on the day before his disappearance. She was engaged in the publication of his works: "Citadel", "Military notes", "notebooks".
Rene de Sosin (born in 1897)
Sister classmate Antoine, she became his trustee. He read her his early writings - "pilot" and "Manon, dancer." In the 1930s, they supported epistolary relations in which she played the role of protection against his love loneliness. Statements alternated there with reproach about his worldly life, which prevented him to answer.
Susanna-Georgette Charpathy, called Annabella (1907-1996)
She is Anna-Maria in the 1935 film of the director of Ryimon Bernard on the script of Antoine de Saint-Exupery. In June 1941, St. Exupery, invited by Jean Renoir in Los Angeles, met her. When he suffered an operation on the bustling bubble and was hospitalized, she stood at his bed and read the "Mermaid" Andersen. She gave rise to a desire in it to write the story of a small prince, the child, whom he had long drawn on napkins in restaurants, who continues to live inside every adult. They met later, in New York, where they fed squirrels in the Central Park. Annabella then said that when they were together, they were 12 years old.
Natalie Paly (1905-1981)
On the set of "Southern Mailing" Young Princess Natalya Pavlovna Romanova hypnotized Antoine, as she did it with many artists and aristocrats in crazy years. In New York in 1941, she became his trustee during their brief correspondence. In Montreal, where he was delayed, he wrote her full despair of the letter, where she shared his feelings and asked for support. From this, Platonic relations were born, which were not able to ever incarnate due to the fact that she survived during the October Revolution of 1917, when her father and brothers were first brought to prison, and then killed.
Sylvia Hamilton Reinhardt (1910-1994)
When Antoine met her, a young journalist did not say a word in French, but he is not a word in English, but who could have worried about it! Saint-Eks never shyned to leave Beevin House, where he lived with Consuelo to come to her in New York. They spent charming evenings in the apartment of Silvia, where Antoine worked on the "Little Prince" and made an outline with her dog for some sketches. Or they visited different places in New York, in particular "Club 21". After leaving, in April 1943, he left her the most expensive: his camera and a manuscript "Little Prince". It she inspired him to the famous words: "Zorko is one heart. You won't see the most important eyes. " After departure from the US, Saint Excele supported epistolary relationships with it.
Henri de Segon (1901-1979)
The first comrade for nightly fun and fighting Antoine de Saint-Exupery, even when they were students in the Lyceum of Saint-Louis. They met again in 1920, dressed in Roman legionnaires, in one theatrical play. One then will become a climber and go to the Himalayas, the other in the desert. In March 1939, St. Exupery was the godfather of his daughter Anna-Mary.
Charles Salles (born in 1900)
In Fryburg, where Antoine met him, Charles shared his love for drawing. Later, in the corridors of the Castle Saint-Maurice, their discussions began. Then the hour of the first journey came. They visited Cresz, Cher and Alla, where Saint-Exe was a representative of the SERR truck plant. Together they ran through provincial parties and beauties. On the farm of Paniss, where Charles handled the Earth, he took Antoine, accompanied by Consuelo and Verto. In 1940, they again met in Tarasonon and lunch in Manosica and Panolam.
Louis de Bonnevi (1900-1927)
Antoine met him back in short pants in Lyon. One was an extrovert, and the second is in itself. Between them quickly installed strong friendship. With Bonvi, as he called him, Antoine had his first large literary and philosophical disputes. They wrote to each other while studying, until the death of Louis. Posted in 1926 as an artillery-gunner in Morocco, he died there from Tifa in 1927.
Leon-Paul Farg (1876-1947)
Freight of literary salons, the subtle chronicler of Parisian life, Leon-Paul Farg was met with Young Antoine at the Ivonna de Lesterzh. Until his departure, the reporter in the USSR Farg presented him to the prince Alexander Malinovsky, who told him about the fate of his country. Two poets shared a certain interest in bohemian life, making meetings at the Museum of Cheese, and at Andruue, and spending evenings in the beer "Lipp" or Antoine, on Shanali Street. Despite the belonging to different generations, Farg remained tied to this "second youth" in the Saint-Exea society.
Joseph Kessel (1898-1979)
Their friendship was born in 1931 thanks to Mermoz. The author of the "crew" dedicated to the life of the pilots during the First World War, and the "Wind of the Desert", the first book on the "Aeropostal", prompted him in December 1935 on the flight Paris - Saigon and sketched his portrait in Grenguare. Sent to illuminate the civil war in Spain, they met in Madrid. Saint-Exeresses then welcomed Kessel in 1940, to departure to New York.
Leon Vert (1878-1955)
Presented to each other in 1931 by journalist Renelezh, Vert and St. Exca immediately became friends and were constantly met in Paris or in St. Amur, the country's country house in the Jurassic Mountains. Together they laughed loudly, unless they quarreled on political issues. Antoine arrived to the vert in mid-October 1940 in St. Cupid, where he ran, being a Jew and a communist in his convictions. He hosted it by reading several pages of the "Citadel". More these two men will never meet. In 1943, Antooman published a "Little Prince", devoting him to his best friend.
Andre Jes (1869-1951)
Just when he met the Antoine de Saint-Exupery at the Ivonna de Lesterzh, addressed him to the writing. Realizing the influence of Jew in the "New French Friend", the young man showed him his first manuscript of "southern postal". Upon returning from Argentina, two years later, he began writing a "night flight", to which Andre Dip offered to write a preface. The latter also inspired him to write a story about the adventures of Guillaume in Andes. In the castle, Shytra, belonging to Iwonne de Lesterzh, two writers exchanged views on literature and politics when they did not play cards. Shortly before his death, St. Exca suggested that you would have to fly a flight by plane, but he rejected this proposal by saying that he strongly coughs so as not to suffer from inconvenience related to the piloting of a person known to his shampling.
Bernard Liamoti (1901-1983)
Antoine and Bernard met when teaching elegant arts, with a brush in her hands, everyone for her easel, and then their friendship would be tied for a long time, and they will be together with great pleasure to visit the cafe than the workshops. The Antoine room became the arena of their artistic undertakings - in one picturesque, in the other - written. When Liamott returned from Argentina, he became an ideal companion of Antoine in his night adventures in Paris. But they were especially close to during his stay in New York in 1938, and then - in 1941-1942. Then Bernard was already a noticeable artist and sculptor. In his apartment, Saint-Exks met with Greta Garbo, Marlene Dietrich and Jean Gaben.
Jean Mermpum (1901-1936)
Antoine and Jean met in 1926, when St. Exupery was a pilot at Lateoeer. On July 14-15, 1929, Mermpumption became the first pilot, who managed to cross the Andes, and on May 12-13, 1930, he fulfilled the first airflow flight between France and South America. For Antoine, while confusing in his contradictions, he quickly became a sample. Two men did not cease to keep in a cafe in all corners of the world. Even the cooperation of Memozoz with Colonel La Rock in the framework of the Christian nationalist movement "Fire Crosses" will not prevent their friendship. December 7, 1936, the day of the disappearance of Mermosis, will noted for St. Exca the beginning of the fall, which he will not be able to avoid. And in vain, he will try to expel his sadness, devoting to a friend of articles in Marianne and in "irreconcilable."
Henri Giaome (1902-1940)
Since the arrival of Antoine, the company "Lateoere" they were inseparable. Guidee, who became the legendary aircraft pilot, was responsible for the new set of workers on the line, and he gave him a lesson of a special geography. The land in it was inhabited by the beacons, which served as abode for people, the orange field was more space than Sierra Nevada. Three years later, when Guyome married Buenos Aires to Noel, Saint-Exe had one of the witnesses and dedicated him his book "Planet of People", in which he returned to the episode with his accident in Andes. Smashed next to Laguna-Diamond on June 13, 1930, Giomee was forced to fight for his life for five days, and at that time St. Exupery was looking for him between the tops of Cordiller. They were on board the Lieutenant de Vesolo Paris Hydroplan, on which, on July 14 and 15, 1939, they made the first non-winning flight across the North Atlantic. The disappearance of Guillaume became a tragic milestone in the life of Antoine, who since then has always said that he has no friends anymore.
Protection
Sleep during swimming
When he lived with her, his cousin Ivonna de Lesterge was very surprised when he saw that water drops fall from the ceiling. She hurried upstairs, opened the Antoine door and found him who fell asleep in the bathroom, and at the same time the water continued to flow. The same incident repeatedly repeated many times, in particular, in the glorious days of "aeroposal". Once in the morning in 1926, Saint-Excair colleagues were surprised, without seeing him in the bus, which was supposed to take them to the Toulouse-Montodran base. Violating the instructions, they left the bus and ran into his room, where they found him sleeping, and around the books flooded. The whole orchestra could not wake him up.
Wisther in Cap Jubie
Cap-Jubie had many pets. Starting from Kiki, monkeys, which during the breakfast laid tartinks on the shoulders of merryosis, before Martushk Lola and the Naughty Cota Pafa, because of which St.-Excales comrades said that in the kingdom of Jubie the case, he was topicked by one ruler, and two. The "Ark" included the wildest animals, from a tamed phenka to chameleon, several gazelles and hyenas, which it was necessary to leave outside while eating, such it was silent.
Focuses
Saint-Exupery often revived the evening with friends card focus. He mastered them - from the simplest to the most difficult. This wonderful ability even allowed him to try himself in professional tours, in such a mystery of six Maldo cards "or" Ghost Maps Stanley Palma ".
Scary forgetfulness
Two times she almost cost him life. For the first time, in 1933, it was in the Gulf of Saint-Rafael. In December, testing a new model of the Lateoere hydrosapol, he forgot to close the hatch in the floor of the apparatus. When he driven, the water rushed inside, and the plane sank immediately. He himself can only stay alone. For the second time, in 1944, flying to the "R-38 Lighting", he forgot, returning to the base, connect hydraulic brakes. Upon contact with the ground, the plane arrived to the end of the strip and flew into the next olive grove, having received serious damage. Captain Saint-Exupii after that was almost dismissed. He forgot to control the level of fuel, but he could not force himself to stop reading books for the aircraft control panel.
Songs
Saint-Exupery always sang something in the air. His repertoire was walking from the Sailor's Songs to French Chanson: For example, the song "In the shade of sweet apple tree" he sang at night at the mouth of Mekong. Not a single evening was held in Cap-Jubi or Beer without such songs, who immediately picked up all the surrounding chorus.
Places
Beer "Lipp"
Paris
Founded in Paris in 1880, this beer, located in the Saint-Germain-de-Pre Pre Prost, has a solid literary and political reputation. In front of Antoine de Saint-Exupery, she was already a real "branch of the department of deputies." Writers Ramon Fernandez, Andre Ja and Pierre Dryna La Rochelle, and Journalists of Jean-Gerar Flery were gathered. Conversations with friends were fed to reflections from St. Exupery, which he then developed in his notebooks. They concerned aspects of political, philosophical, literary and moral.
"Two monkeys"
Paris
In the quarter, Saint-Germain de Pre Restaurant "Two Monkeys" also had a solid literary reputation. The first to take themselves for the rule to go there Verlin, Rambo and Mallarm. When Antoine de Saint-Exupery met the Jean Mermosis there, they began to sit there until early morning, drinking, laughing, dried songs and speaking loudly. Jean, His For Two, loved to bet on the amount of the account, proving that no one can absorb more than he. Many of him then lost, including once Joseph Kessel. The conversations turned out to the general memories of the "Aeropostal": the desert and its secrets, about the Argentine Pampas, about Rio de Oro and Croissants, who were erect early in the morning after exhausting night flights.
Andrue
Paris
In the company "Paris Pedestrian" Leon-Farga Farga, Saint-Exupery often visited the Museum of Cheese. The right expression that France is a huge cheese dish, he committed a gastronomic tour of the country. And then the most poetic and incompatible names were filled with the temple of his glorious stomach. Here you can call the "Rakoten" cheese, Consu du Pore-Obeli or Klakbit de Burgon. You can relax yourself to the fineness of the "Oleeron" cream cheese, the fruit aroma of the "Conte" cheese or a powerful taste of Saint-Necter cheese, which was present on the table of Louis XIV himself. Regardless of the regions through which he traveled, Overnal was always in the center of his attention. "Cantal", which was to try in the midst of his ripening, brought something from the shepherd hut and the breathing of winter wind into Paris.
"Frog"
New York
This French bar-restaurant was at the bottom of the house, which was the New York apartment of the sculptor Bernard Liamott, who was familiar Antoine de Saint-Exupery. The writer found a French atmosphere there, which he lacked so much. He met there with French authors Pierre de Lanyux and Raoul de Russi de Salem, Sculptor Joe Davidson, actor Jean Gaben and actress Marlene Dietrich. The place it was a meeting place for French emigrants. They talked about their own country, about decisions that needed to take to participate in its future.
THINGS
Bracelet
September 7, 1998, when the crew of his boat led fishing from the island of Riu, which is not far from Marseille, Jean-Claude Bianco caught the subject of which he then said like this: "At first I lost my bracelet with a thumb, and I managed to read the word" Antoine " When the words "Saint Exupery (Consuelo)" appeared, I thought it was a joke. " In addition to the full name and surname of the disappeared pilot and his wife's name in brackets, he was also able to read two other lines: "Reynal & Hitchcock, 386, 4th Avenue, New York, USA" is the name and address of his publisher . The discovery put the cross on all rumors who appeared after the death of Saint Exupery.
Manuscripts
Antoine de Saint-Exupery very thoughtfully treated his manuscripts. When he went to the United States at the very end of 1940, he took a thick black notebook, rolled into the tube and an adjacent elastic band carved from a bicycle tire: "Citadel" manuscript. On the way back, he refused to leave the manuscript of the "military pilot", which he called his "child." When he left the United States to join the "Free France", he took with him the "Little Prince" manuscript - a talisman defending it from enemy attacks.
Notebooks
In the 1930s, St. Exupery always wore a small leather notebook with him. In it, he recorded all his impressions and thoughts, as well as ideas that could be developed later. In total, he had a collection of five tetradok for the period from 1935 to 1940. But he never meant their publication and did not seek to give them a finished look, and this explains many unfinished proposals and clumsy formulations contained there. Nevertheless, in 1953, the Publishing House Gallimar published the contents of these notebooks.
Dishes
Milks of carp
The pilot was crazy about this soft whitish substance - in a stewed form or simply edged in boiling water.
HONNI SOIT LE V?g.?tal.
(Let it be ashamed to all the vegetable)
Being hospitalized in New York, Saint-Exe liked to say that the kind of boiled carrot causes him disgust. He spread this hatred for vegetables to the Brussels cabbage, green beans and broccoli, who threatened his meat diet.
Garlic Sause
Saint-Exupery accompanied them most dishes, and he also consumed garlic sauce, covering them a piece of fresh bread.
Grilled pork legs
In small Parisian restaurants, the owners of which were ethnic brooths, the writer loved to order this dish, which was served in breadcrumbs, accompanied by mustard, thyme, laurel sheet, parsley and garlic.
AIRCRAFT
Berto-Wromblevski W 3
Saint-Maurice de remans, where Antoine de Saint-Exupery spent the holidays, was located next to the airfield Bellevre. Willerbanian industrialist Joseph Berto developed there aviation there. His sponsorship made it possible to build and test the prototypes of aircraft developed by Brothers Wromblevski. The young holidaymaker went there, showing interest in mechanics. On June 26, 1912, Gabriel Wroklevski offered him to make the first flight. And as the plane rose into the air, a call was born.
Brege Xiv.
Antoine de Saint-Exupery met with this type of aircraft in 1922, in the Trade Center Avor, while he was an observer student. Then he met him in 1926, when Didier Dora was hired to Lateoeer. With its engine 300 liters. p., wing wing at 14 meters and cruising speed of 125 km / h It was a workhorse lines. After working in the workshop on the disassembly of the engines, it was on it on it on December 15, Saint-Excales made his first flight on the line, from Toulouse to Perpignan, along with Henri Giaome. On him, he landed in October 1927 in Cap Jubie to become the head of the airfield.
Lateoer 25 and 26
In 1929, Antoine de Saint-Exupery resumed flights on Toulouse - Casablanca and Casablanca - Port Etienne. The company acquired new equipment: Late 25 and Late 26 aircraft. With their engine "Renault" with a capacity of 450 liters. from. They could work on flights with a reduced landing in the direction of Africa and South America. They allowed radio communication with the crew, and this gave the opportunity to make double flights. In 1931, St. Exupery ruled at night by the Late 26 aircraft. To get to Port Etienne, he left Casablanca on Sunday evening. On the way, he changed the apparatus in Agadir and stopped in Cap-Jubie. In flight the engine produced so much noise that he was forced to communicate with his radist Jacques Nery in writing.
Lateoer 293.
In 1933, Antoine de Saint-Exupery was a test pilot of Lateoeer. In this capacity, he completed the first flights above the Mediterranean Sea on board the Float Torpedo "Late 293", the prototype created for naval aviation. Appliances landing on the water differs from landing on the ground. In order to facilitate the takeoff, the floats rise at an angle in relation to the fuselage. This provision requires a leading at a large angle, which is usually for pilots of marine aviation, but requires long-term training for other pilots. Saint-Exupery, who possessed the legendary frightness, could not get used to it. On December 21, 1933, he flew in the Gulf of Saint-Rafael together with the second pilot of Lieutenant Batience and Mechanic Zhilbert Verte. Because of the poorly spent maneuver, the float cracked, and the plane turned over. Bataye and Weight were released, but Saint-Exupery and Meyer Engineer were stuck in the cockpit. They did not drowl only thanks to the help of rescuers.
Codrons-Simun from 630 and 635
In 1924, St. Exupery wrote Mother: "When I am rich, I will have my own small plane, and I will enlist you in San Rafael." In 1933, he acquired the SIMUN C 630, creamy-red, with the serial number "F-Anry". This aircraft was created in just 20 copies, and it appears in some scenes of the "southern postal", taken into Morocco. In November, hired to the advertising service "Er France" in November, St. Exce went to it in a lecture tour around the Mediterranean, which led him to Cairo, Damascus, Beirut and Istanbul, and then in Athens. On the same apparatus, he flew Paris - Saigon. This attempt was his last flight on this plane, for he crashed in the Jebel Hadid area between Benghazi and Cairir. For five days, he together with the mechanic narrow walked on foot, experiencing hallucinations and trying to find traces of people. Two victims accident went east, in the direction that was saved by Giomee in Andes. All this was completed on January 2, when Bedouin saved them, whose face became a symbol of planetary humanism for them.
On board from 635, an airplane registered in the F-Ankx series, Saint Expex wanted to cross both America, from New York to the fiery land. In flight, he stayed in Washington, Atlanta, Houston, Brownsville and Veracruus. He and Prejoy fell into an accident in Guatemala City: when taking up the overwhelled plane crashed at the very end of the take-off strip, in the gravel career. Only miraculously the plane caught fire. After that, the pilot remained eight days in a coma and barely escaped his hand amputation.
Flea 174 (flea mv. 174)
An intelligence aircroup 2/33 was equipped with these aircraft, which should have replaced the "Plow 63-7" models. On board this aircraft on March 29, 1940, Antoine de Saint-Exupery carried out his first intelligence flight under Aras. For him and for subsequent flights, he will be mentioned in the army order and will receive a military cross. The "flea 174" models were reliable and allowed to perform miracles of air acrobatics, and they had to withstand German "messerschmitam." Tasks for photographing in the rear of the enemy even at a very high altitude, however, were practically suicide. Only a sense of debt and courage of pilots, such as Saint-ex, pushed them to this guaranteed slaughter.
Lockhid F-5B (version of the P-38 model "Lighting", equipped with phototechnics)
It is on board these "light monsters" Antoine de Saint-Exupery performed the "dive" at a very high altitude. On July 31, 1944, he went to fulfill his tenth task to photograph military facilities in the Grenoble - Annecy district. Surrounded by the "sea of \u200b\u200bdials" and dressed in a heavy overalls, which allowed to withstand up to -50 ° C in the cabin, he took off at 8.35 in the morning. At 13 o'clock the squadron commander Captain Rene Havalle, without receiving news, began to look anxiously to the radars. The circumstances of this disappearance will then lead to countless rumors who are all denied. The most informative was the version of suicide, to which some biographers are inclined to this day. This version is based on the desperate tone of its latest letters.
Memory about Antoine de Saint-Exupery
Antoine de Saint-Exupery visited many places, and many of them now wear his name. Civil society in this sense also does not lag behind.
Statues:
Statue of work of Christian Guijobe, depicting St. Expery and a small prince, on the Belkur Square in Lyon;
Statue in his honor in the middle of the royal garden in Toulouse;
Bust of the work of Madeleine de Tesesen in the Santiago de Chile Square in Paris;
Statue of work Vinifreda Devitt Ganz in the courtyard of the library of the city of Northport, where the Beevin House is located, in which the "Little Prince" was written in 1942-1943;
The inscription on the wall of the Pantheon: "In memory of Antoine de Saint-Exupery (poet, writer and aviators), missing during the intelligence flight on July 31, 1944";
Memorial board at the house number 15 in Square of Vahan in the VII district of Paris, which indicates that Saint Exupery lived here in 1934-1940;
Memorable stele at the city of Bastia.
Streets, squares, prospectuses, embankments and institutions:
Streets in Avignon, Brest, Laon, Lyon, Montreal (Canada), Fryburg (Switzerland) and other cities;
Square in Cabris, where his mother lived;
In Krasnoyarsk, the name of Saint-Exupery is named Boulevard, built in 2015 in the residential complex "South Beach";
In the suburbs, in the village of Aviators (not far from the airfield Kudinovo), in 2013 it appeared Street Saint Exupery;
Avenue in Lyon, leading to Montodran, where the factories and the airfield of the company "Lateoer" were located, - there was a fresco in 2010 (3-10 m) with the image of Saint-Exupii;
Embankment in Paris (XIV district);
About forty schools only in Il de France; Abroad: School in Santiago de Chile, French lyceums in Ouagadougou (Burkina Faso) and Hamburg (Germany), College in Rabat (Morocco), School in Madrid (Spain), school in Kigali (Rwanda);
Saint Exupii Lyon Airport.
Honors:
The name of St. Exupery is called a mountain peak of 2558 meters high in the province of Santa Cruz (Argentina);
The portrait of St. Exupery was posted on banknotes worth 50 francs issued by the French bank between 1996 and 2002;
Saint-Exupery is devoted to several postage grades issued since 1947 (the latter - in 2000, to the 100th anniversary of his birth);
"Planet of People" - it became the topic chosen for the World Exhibition in Montreal (Canada) in 1967;
In 1975, the Saint Exupery name was named asteroid 2578, an open astronomer Tatiana Smirnova;
Saint-Exupery Museums exist in France, in Russia, in Japan, in South Korea and in Morocco;
In Ulyanovsk, there is a Lingucultural Writer Center on the basis of a local university;
In Moscow, the name of St. Exupery is named library. This library cooperates with the Russian Charitable Foundation "The World of Saint Exupery".
Phrases and aphorisms belonging to Antoine de Saint Exupery
The largest luxury in the world is the luxury of human communication.
You are forever responsible for those who have tamed.
If a person betrayed someone because of you, it's not necessary to associate life with him, sooner or later he betray you because of someone.
Love is not to look at each other, but look together in one direction.
The kingdom of human inside us.
Each person has his own stars.
Man is just a relationship knot. And only relationship is important for a person.
Mind acquires value only when he serves love.
Live - it means slowly born.
Do not supply children with ready-made formulas, formulas - emptiness, enrich them with images and paintings, on which binding threads are visible.
Do not allocate children with dead facts, teach them receptions and ways to help them comprehend.
Do not judge the abilities on the ease of assimilation. Successfully and further is one who painfully overcomes themselves and obstacles. Love for knowledge is the main measure.
What do you replace love? . And the love of himself is the opposite of love.
It is impossible to be faithful to one and wrong. The faithful is always faithful.
To judge itself much more difficult than others.
Zorkko one heart. The most important eyes will not see.
Words only interfere with understanding each other.
Never lose patience is the last key that opens the doors.
Inside yourself will not find immortality.
It is necessary to survive a lot to become a man.
What gives the meaning of life gives meaning and death.
Dying only for what to live for something.
A person will know himself in the fight against obstacles.
An unknown world dies with the death of each person.
When you tame yourself, then it happens and cry.
Education has priority to education. Creates a man upbringing.
Salting oak, it is funny to dream that soon you will find the shelter in his shadow.
In man, I love the light. The thickness of the candle does not care. The flame will tell me whether the candle is good.
Being a person is and means to feel that you are for everything in the answer.
The rules are similar to religious rites: they seem ridiculous, but they form people.
Before you get, you need to give, and before you settle in the house, you must build it.
No, no one will replace the deceased comrade. Old friends are not creating.
Man is primarily the Creator. And the fraternity can only be called the Commonwealth of those people who work together.
The goal without a plan is just a dream.
Working only for the sake of material goods, we will build a prison ourselves.
I cheaply appreciate physical courage; Life taught me what true courage: this ability to resist the condemnation of the medium.
Perfection is not achieved when there is nothing to add, but when nothing can be taken away.
Truth is what the world makes easier, and by no means what turns him into chaos.
Sudi himself. This is the hardest. To judge itself much more difficult than others. If you are able to correctly judge yourself, it means you are truly wise.
There is such a firm rule. I got up in the morning, washed, I led myself in order - and immediately bring my planet in order.
Tosca is when you crave to see something, you yourself do not know what.
Perhaps this is beautiful - to die to conquer new lands, but the modern war destroys everything that it seems to be.
From that hour, as a weapon was the plane and Iprit, the war was just a slaughter. The victory goes to the one who rotates the last.
If I changed and no longer change, if I do not move and do not seek something, what do I differ from the deceased?
You live in our actions, and not in the body. You are your actions, and there is no other.
Although human life has no price, we always do it as if there is something even more valuable.
All our wealth - dust and ash, they are powerless to deliver to us, for what to live.
Any civilization is based on the fact that people are required, and not on what they are given.
Friend is first of all the one who does not take judge.
Dettle is measured not by distance. Behind the fence of some garden, sometimes hides more secrets than behind the Chinese wall.
War is not a real feat, the war is a surrogat feat.
A simple game in an eagle or a wide will not turn into a feat, even if the rate in it is on life or death. War is not a feat. War is a disease. Like a typhoid.
All adults were first children, just few of them remember this.
This text is a familiarization fragment. From the book is cute with ... Author Saint Exupery Antoine de From the book Stories and Tale Author Khaiko Leonid DmitrievichSaint-Exupery in the soul of each pilot compared to the history of the Earth, which has millions of years, humanity has infant age. According to scientists, only 800 generations have changed on Earth and only the last 200 of them left the primitive community system.
From the book of mysticism in the life of outstanding people Author Lobkov Denis. From the book you can believe in people ... Notebooks of a good person Author Saint Exupery Antoine deInstead of preface. Antoine de Saint-Exupery "Prayer" ... Lord, I ask not about miracles and not about mirages, but about the strength of every day. And the art of little steps is the art. Made me observant and resourceful, to stop in the motion of everyday life, to stop on the discoveries and experience,
From the book 100 of the Histories of Great Love Author Kostina-Kassanneli Natalia NikolaevnaAntoine de Saint-Exupery (Andre Morua) Aviator, civil and military pilot, essayist and poet, Antoine de Saint-Exupery, Following Vinya, WoseLa, along with Malrow, Jules Rua, as well as several soldiers and sailors, belongs to the number of few novelists and
Main travels. Saint-Exupii Geography Other. Saint-Maurice de remans (1905-1914) 2. Friborg (1914-1917) 3. Toulouse (1926-1927) 4. Jebel Hadid (1935) 5. Lerida (1936) 6. Berlin
From the book of the authorIn the footsteps of Saint-Exupery, chronology-based dates associated with Antoine de
From the book of the authorThe main works of Antoine de Saint-Exupery novels, essay, the story and the stories "pilot" (L'Aviateur) story. Published in 1926 in the magazine "Silver Ship" (Le Navire d'Argent). Translation into Russian is made by Mariana Kozhevnikova. "Southern Postal" (Courrier Sud) Roman. Published
From the book of the authorSome Books Antoine de Saint-Exupery and Antoine de Saint-Exupery Complete Works (Gallimar, Pleiada, t. 1-1994, vol. 2-1999) All great works of St. Expery are collected in this edition. In the first volume - "Southern Postal", "Night Flight" and "Planet of People", in
From the book of the authorGenealogical tree Antoine de Saint-Exupery Jean-Batist Cesar de Saint-Exupery (1791-1843) x 27.06.1827 in Bordeaux on Antoinette Leo (Lehoult) (1804-1873) - Louis Jean-Batist-Marie-Fernan de Saint -Exiuperi (1833-1918) x 28.04.1862 in Paris on Alix Blukye de Tellan (1843-1906) - Martin-Louis-Marie-Jean-Mark de
From the book of the authorSaint-Exupii Family Experyius. The charity of this bishop of Toulouse in the V century was known to the Middle East, where she used Holy Jerome. He delayed her food to give all the needy, and even sold liturgical dishes and bowls of their arrival to
Antoine de Saint-Exupery is an outstanding French writer of the first half of the twentieth century. Being a leaving from the aristocratic family, he managed to break the rich mother with a bohemian way, became a professional pilot and always followed his philosophical convictions.
Saint-Exe said: "A person must come true ... The action saves from death ... fear, from all weaknesses and diseases." And he came true. He came true as a pilot - a professional professional, as a writer, who presented the world, the immortal works of art, as a person - a carrier of high moral qualities.
For his life, Exupery was placed by Polimyr: he carries mail to Port Etienne, Dakar, Algeria, works in the branches of French airlines of South America and exotic sugar, visits Spain and the USSR as a political correspondent. Multiple flights are planes. All the controversial and experienced Saint-ex is laid out on paper. Thus, his subtle philosophical prose was created - the novels "Southern Postal", "Night Flight", "Planet of People", "Citadel", the stories "pilot" and "Military pilot", numerous essays, articles, reasoning and, of course, not -Bestings deep and sad fairy tale "Little Prince".
Childhood (1900-1917)
"I am not very sure that I lived after my childhood passed"
Antoine de Saint-Exupery was born on June 22, 1900 in Lyon in the aristocratic family. His mother - Maria de Pholomb - was a representative of an old Provencal kind, father - Count Jean de Saint-Exupery - from an even more ancient Limuzen family, whose members were knights of St. Grail.
Antoan's father's caressing did not know - the parent died when young Expery was only four years old. Mother with five juvenile children (Maria Madeleine, Simonova, Antoine, Francois and Gabriel) remains with a sonorous name, but without means for existence. The family immediately take under their patronage of wealthy grandmas, the owners of La Mole castles and Saint-Maurice de Remance. In the picturesque surroundings of the second, the happy childhood of Tonyo (homemade nickname Antoine) is held.
He with warmth remembers the fabulous "top room", where children lived. Everyone had her own corner, furnished in accordance with the tastes of a small owner. From the youngest age, Tonyo has two passions - invention and writing. So, in College Antoine demonstrates good results on French literature (his school essay is still preserved about the life of the cylinder and poem).
Young Exupery was inclined to reflections, could think, long ago, looking somewhere into the sky. For this peculiarity, he was given a comic nickname "Lunatic", but called the eye - Tonyo was a boy not a timid and could stand up with his fists. This explains that on behavior of Exupery has always been the lowest score.
At 12, Antoine makes its first flight. Behind the steering wheel, the famous pilot - Gabriel Varbolevski. Young Exupery in the cockpit of the pilot. This event is mistakenly considered decisive in the choice of further career, allegedly from the first flight Antooman "fell ill sky." In fact, in 12 years of presentation of the future, young Exupery had more than blurry. To the flight, he reacted indifferently - wrote a poem and forgotten safely.
When Tonio marks 17 years old, his younger brother Francois, with whom they were inseparable. The tragic event has become a heavy shock for a teenager. He first faces the severity of life, from which his all these years diligently fell. So ends light childhood. Tonyo turns into Antoine.
Choosing a career. First steps in literature (1919-1929)
"We are only able to grow up, and merciful God leaves you for a mercy of fate"
1927 year. Behind the shoulders of 27-year-old Antoine St. Exupery successfully weathered exams, the title of civilian pilot, dozens of flights, a serious collapse, acquaintance with exotic Casablanca and Dakar.
Exupery always felt literary inclinations, but did not take for the feather due to lack of experience. "Before you write," said Saint-ex, "you need to live." Seven-year-old flight experience gives him a moral right to present his first literary work to the world - Roman "Southern Postal", or "Mail-South".
In 1929, the independent Publishing House of Gaston Gallimar (Gallimar) publishes the "southern postal". To the surprise of the author himself, critics met his work very warmly, noting a new circle of problems affected by the novice writer, dynamic style, the tank of the story, the musical rhythm of the author's syllable.
Having received the position of technical director, the certified pilot of Exupery goes beyond the ocean to South America.
Consuelo. Other publications. Expery Correspondent (1930-1939)
"Love is not to look at each other. Love - It means to look in the same direction "
Returning to France, Exupery dresses "Night Flight" to print. This time Antoine was pleased with the work done. The second novel is not a sample of a penny of an immature writer, but a carefully thoughtful artwork. Now about the writer Exupery spoke. Fame came to him.
Award and screening book
For the novel "Night Flight" Exupery was awarded the prestigious literary premium "Femina". In 1933, the United States issued the same shielding of the book. The project directed Clarence Brown.
Saint-EXC continues to fly: it delivers mail from Marseille to Algeria, serves private domestic flights, earns on its first Simun aircraft and is hardly broken down on it, wreking in the Libyan desert.
All this time, Exupery does not stop writing, showing itself as a talented publicist. In 1935, on the task of the Pari-Suar newspaper, the French correspondent visits the USSR. The result of the trip was a series of curious articles about the mysterious power, which was behind the Iron Curtain. Europe traditionally wrote about the country of advice in a negative key, but Exupery diligently avoids such categoricalness and is trying to figure out how this unusual world lives. Next year, the writer will try again in the field of a political correspondent, going to Spain's Civil War.
In 1938-39, Saint Excele flies to America, it works on the third novel "Planet of People", which became one of the most biographical works of the writer. All the heroes of the novel are real faces, and the central character is Ezpery himself.
"Little Prince" (1940-1943)
"Zorko is one heart. You won't see the most important eyes "
Today it is one of the most read works in the world (the book has been translated into 180 languages), which is not weakened. Many quotes from the story became aphorisms, and the visual image of a prince created by the author himself, mythologized and turned into the most recognizable character of world culture.
Last year (1944)
"And when you comfort, you will be glad that I knew me sometime ..."
On July 31, the ninth flight of the Military intelligence officer of Antoine Exupery took place. Passing early in the morning from the Corsican Borgo airfield, the pilot did not return anymore. He was recognized as missing.
There are many versions of the death of the Saint-EXA: engine failure, shelling enemy aircraft, even a classic suicide for writers. To date, none of the versions are not finally justified. After half a century, on the Marseille coast, the local fisherman Jean-Claude Bianco found a bracelet. It was engraved by the names of St. Exupery and his roses - Consuello Sunxin.
Antoine de Saint-Exupery - a writer whose name knows everyone who is familiar with the book "Little Prince". The biography of the author of an unforgettable work is full of incredible events and coincidences, because its main activity was associated with aviation.
Childhood and youth
The full name of the writer - Antoine Marie Jean-Batist Roger de Saint-Exupery. In childhood, the boy was called Tony. He was born on June 29, 1900 in Lyon, in the family of the nobleman, and was the 3rd child of 5 children. The head of the family died when the little Tony was 4 years old. The family remained without a means and moved to the aunt, who lived on the Belkur Square. Money has not been catastrophically lacked, but it was compensated by friendship between brothers and sisters. Especially close to Antoine was with Brother Francois.
Mother put the child love for books and literature, talking about the value of art. About her tender friendship with his son resemble published letters. Interested in the lessons of the mother, the boy was also fond of technician and chose what he wants to devote himself.
Antoine de Saint Exupery studied in a Christian school in Lyon, and then in Jesuit to Montreux. In 14 years, the efforts of the mother was sent to the Swiss Catholic Pension. In 1917, Antoine entered the Faculty of Architecture to the Paris School of Fine Arts. Bachelor with a diploma in his hands was preparing for admission to the naval lyceum, but failed on the competitive selection. Heavy loss for Antoine became the death of brother from articular rheumatism. The loss of a loved one he was worried, closed in himself.
Aviation
Antoine hit the sky since childhood. For the first time he visited flights at 12, thanks to the famous pilot Gabriel Wromblevski, who took him for fun at Avadrome in Amber. The Impressions of the young man had enough to understand what would be the goal of life.
Antoine de Saint-Exupery 1921 a lot has changed a lot in Antoine's life. After calling to the army, he graduated from piloting courses and became a member of the aviation regiment in Strasbourg. At first, the young man was a malicious soldier workshop at the airfield, but soon became the owner of a certificate of civil pilot. Later Exupery increased the qualifications to a military pilot.
Having completed training on officer courses, Antoine flew to the rank of younger lieutenant and served in 34 regiments. After an unsuccessful flight in 1923, Exupery, having received a head injury, left aircraft. The pilot settled in Paris and decided to try himself in the literary sphere. Success did not come. To make a living, Exupery was forced to sell cars, work on a tiled factory and even trade books.
Soon it became clear that to lead such a lifestyle further, Antoine was not capable. His random acquaintance has helped. In 1926, the young pilot received the position of mechanics in the airline "Aeropochetal", and later became the pilot of the Aviations, which delivered mail. During this period of time, South Postal was written. Following the new increase, another translation was followed. Becoming the head of the airport in Cap-Jubi, who was in Sahara, Antooga engaged in creativity.
In 1929, a talented specialist was transferred to the position of director of the Aeropochetal branch, and Exupery moved to Buenos Aires to lead the departments. He performed regular flights on Casablanca. The company, for whom the writer worked, it was ravaged soon, therefore, from 1931, Antoine worked again in Europe.
First worked on post airlines, and then began combining the main work with a parallel direction, becoming a test pilot. On one of the tests there was a crash of the aircraft. Exupery remained alone thanks to the operational work of the divers.
The life of the writer was associated with extreme, and he was not afraid to risk. Participating in the development of a project on a speed flight, Antoine acquired a plane for operation on Paris-Saigon line. The ship fell into an accident in the desert. Exupery survived due to the accident. His together with the mechanic who were in the last silence from thirst, saved Bedouins.
The terrible accident in which the writer visited was the crash of an airplane with a flight from New York to the territory of the fiery land. After him, the pilot was in a coma for a few days, having injured her head and shoulder.
In the 1930s, Antoan became interested in journalism and became the correspondent of the newspaper "Parus Suar". In the status of the representative of the newspaper "Entransizhen" Exupery was in the war in Spain. He also participated in the battles with the Nazis in World War II.
Books
The first work of Exupery wrote in college in 1914. They became the fairy tale "Odyssey of the cylinder". The talent of the author was assessed by appropriate, adding 1 place on the literary competition. In 1925, Kuzina Antoine became acquainted with popular authors and publishers of that time. They were delighted with the donation of a young man and offered cooperation. Already next year on the pages of the magazine "Silver Ship" published a story "Pilot".
Works of Exupery are associated with sky and aviation. The writer had two vocation, and he shared with the public with the perception of the world through the eyes of the pilot. The author talked about his philosophy, which allowed the reader otherwise to look at life. That is why the statements of Exupery on the pages of works today are used as quotes.
Being a Pilot "Aeropochatal", the pilot did not think to stop literary activities. Returning to his native France, he concluded a contract with Haston Gallimar's publishing house to create and publish 7 novels. Expery-writer existed in close mattility with an exupier-pilot.
In 1931, the author received the "Femina" award for the Night Flight, and in 1932, a film was removed by film. The accident in the Libyan desert and the adventures that the pilot survived, wandering on it, he described in the novel "Land of people" ("Planet of People"). The work was based on the work and emotions from acquaintance with the Stalinist regime in the Soviet Union.
Roman "Military pilot" became an autobiographical work. The author influenced the experiences related to participation in World War II. Forbidden in France, the book had an incredible success in the United States. Representatives of the American publishing house ordered Exupery fairy tale. So the light saw the "Little Prince", accompanied by copyright illustrations. He brought the writer world famous.
Personal life
At 18, Antoine fell in love with Louise Vilmorn. The daughter of rich parents did not pay attention to the courtship of the ardent young man. After the plane crash, the girl struck him out of his life. The pilot took a romantic failure as a real tragedy. Unrequited love tormented him. Even fame and success did not change the relationship of Louise, which remained impartial.
Exupery enjoyed the attention of ladies, enchanting attractive appearance and charm, but did not hurry to build a personal life. The approach to a man managed to find Consuell Sunxin. According to one of the versions, Consuelo and Antoine met in Buenos Aires thanks to the general acquaintance. Former wife's spouse, writer Gomez Carillo, died. She found consolation in the novel with a pilot.
The lush wedding took place in 1931. Marriage was not easy. Consuelo constantly rolled the scandals. She had a bad character, but the intelligence and educationalness of the spouse raded by Antoine. The writer, God's wife, endured what is happening.
Death
The death of Antoine de Saint-Exupery was shrouded in the curtain of the mystery. During World War II, he found a debt to defend the country's honor. As a state of health, the pilot was identified in the ground regiment, but Antoine connected the connection and got into the flight intelligence.
On July 31, 1944, he did not return from the flight and was introduced to the missing lists. In 1988, a writer's bracelet with the engraved name of the spouses was found near Marseille, and in 2000, part of the aircraft he managed. In 2008, it became known that the attack of the German pilot was the cause of the death of the writer. The pilot of the enemy aviation food one years has publicly admitted this. 60 years after the crash, a photo from a collision was published.
The bibliography of the writer is small, but it is a description of the bright and rich adventures of life. A bold pilot and a kind writer 20 centuries lived and died, while maintaining dignity. In memory of him, Lyon Airport was named.
Bibliography
- 1929 - "Southern Postal"
- 1931 - "Mail - south"
- 1938 - "Night Flight"
- 1938 - "Planet of People"
- 1942 - "Military pilot"
- 1943 - "Letter to the hostage"
- 1943 - "Little Prince"
- 1948 - "Citadel"