Everyone is well known that art is the self-expression of a separate personality, and the literature, one to be the self-expression of the writer's personality. The "baggage" of a writing person consists of a vocabulary, speech techniques, the skills of using these techniques. The richer the artist's palette is, the greater the possibilities when creating the canvas it possesses. The same with the writer: the more expressive his speech than the brighter images, the deeper and more interesting to the statement, the more severe emotional influence on the reader will be able to have his works.

Among the means of speech expressiveness, called more often "artistic techniques" (or otherwise figures, trails) in the literary creativity in the first place in the frequency of use is metaphor.

The metaphor is used when we use a word or expression in a figurative value. This transfer is carried out by the similarity of individual features of the phenomenon or object. Most often, it is the metaphor that creates an artistic image.

Metaphor species are quite a lot, among them:

metonimium - a trail mixing on adjacency, sometimes imposing the overlay of one value to another

(Examples: "Extract - I still a plate!"; "Van Gogh hangs on the third floor");

(examples: "Nice parenchy"; "Pathetic man", "bitter bread");

comparison - Speech Figure, which characterizes the subject through a comparison of one with another

(Examples: "Like a baby's flesh fresh, like a call of a nute");

elimination - "revival" of objects or phenomena of inanimate nature

(Examples: "ominous megging"; "Autumn crushed"; "Blizzard overlap");

hyperbole and litt - figure in the meaning of exaggeration or the accuracy of the described object

(Examples: "He always argues"; "Sea of \u200b\u200btears"; "Makovaya Rosinka was not in the mouth");

sarcasm - evil, stinging ridicule, sometimes frank verbal mockery (for example, in the rap-buttlax recently received);

irony - a mocking statement when the speaker does in mind something completely different (for example, the works of I. Ilf and E. Petrov);

humor - a trail expressing cheerful and most often a good-natured mood (in this venerer, for example, Basni I.A. Krylova);

grotesque - Speech Figure, intentionally violating the proportions and true sizes of objects and phenomena (often used in fairy tales, another example - "Journey Gullyer" J. Swift, creativity N.V. Gogol);

kalambourg - Proer Doubleness, Word Game, based on their meanware

(examples can be found in jokes, as well as in the work of V. Mayakovsky, O. Khayama, K. Prutkova, etc.);

oxymoron - a combination in one expression of incompatible, two contradictory concepts

(Examples: "Scary beautiful", "original copy", "a pack of comrades").

However, speech expressiveness is not exhausted only by stylistic figures. In particular, it is possible to mention another sound test, which is an artistic method that implies a certain order of constructing sounds, syllables, words to create some kind of image or mood, imitation of the sounds of the real world. The reader will more often meet the reader in poetic works, but this reception is found in prose.

• Life and creativity Sergey Mikhalkov

  Each small child know the poem "Uncle Stepa", "about Mimozu." These and other creative work for children wrote Sergey Mikhalkov. Thanks to the guys, these verses became known to our adults.

Literary techniques were widely used at all times, and not only by classics or authors, but also marketers, poets, and even simple people for a brighter recreation of the story tamed. Without them, it will not be possible to add liveliness in prose, poetry or ordinary offer, they decorate and allow you to easily feel something that I wanted to convey to us a storyteller.

Any product, regardless of its sizes or artistic directions, is based not only on the characteristics of the language, but also directly on the poetic sound. This does not mean that certain information should be transmitted in rhymes. It is necessary that it is soft and beautiful, ripple, as if poems.

Of course, literary are very different from those who use people in everyday life. An ordinary person will, as a rule, will not pick up words, he will issue such a comparison, a metaphor or, for example, epithet that will help him explain something faster. As for the authors, they do it more beautifully, sometimes even too cleann, but only when it requires a work in general or a separate character in particular.

Let's summarize

Thus, literary techniques are so diverse that the authors have a wide scope for their use. It is impossible not to note that excessive passion for these elements will not make a beautiful work. It is necessary to be restrained in their use to make reading smooth and soft.

It should be said about one function that literary techniques possess. It lies in the fact that only they often manage to revive the character, create the necessary atmosphere that without visual effects is quite difficult. However, in this case, it is not necessary to diverge, because when the intrigue increases, but the disconnection is not approaching, the reader will certainly begin to get through the eyes forward to calm himself. In order to learn how to use literary techniques, you need to get acquainted with the works of the authors who already know how to do it.

Poetic techniques are an important component of a beautiful rich poem. Poetic techniques significantly help the poem to be interesting, diverse. It is very helpful to know what the author uses poetic techniques.

Poetic techniques

Epithet

The epithet in poetry is usually used in order to focus on one of the properties of the described object, process or action.

This term has a Greek origin and literally denotes "applied". At its essence, the epithet is the definition of the subject, action, process, events, etc., expressed in artistic form. Grammatically epithet is most often an adjective, however, other parts of speech can be used in its capacity, for example, numerical, nouns, and even verbs. Depending on the location of the epithets are separated into preposition, postposition and dislocation.

Comparison

Comparison is one of the expressive techniques when the use of the specific, most characteristic properties for the subject or process are disclosed through similar qualities of another object or process.

Trails

Literally the word "trail" means "turnover" translated from the Greek. However, the translation, although reflects the essence of this term, but cannot even approximately reveal its value. The trail is an expression or a word used by the author in a portable, allegorical sense. Thanks to the use of the trop, the author gives a described object or process a bright characteristic, which causes certain associations from the reader and, as a result, a more acute emotional reaction.

Paths are made to divide into several types, depending on whether the word or expression is based on the word or expression, the metaphor, allegory, personification, metonymy, synengo, hyperbole, irony.

Metaphor

The metaphor is an expressive tool, one of the most common paths, when based on the similarity of one or another sign of two different objects, the property inherent in one subject is assigned to another. Most often, when using metaphor, the authors for the selection of one or another property of an inanimate item use words, the direct value of which is used to describe the features of animated objects, and vice versa, disclosing the properties of an animated object, use words that are used in characteristic to describe inanimate objects.

Elimination

Elimination is an expressive technique, when using which the author sequentially transfers to an inanimate subject of several signs of animated objects. These signs are selected by the same principle as when using metaphor. Ultimately, the reader has a special perception of the described object, in which an inanimate object has the image of a certain living being or is endowed with the qualities inherent in living beings.

Metonymy

When using metonimia, the author replaces one concept to other similarities between them. Founded in meaning in this case are the reason and consequence, the material and the thing made from it, the action and instrument. Often, the name of its author or the name of the owner is used to designate the work.

Synecdoche

The way of the trail, the use of which is associated with the change in quantitative relationship between objects or objects. So, a plural is often used instead of the sole or vice versa, part instead of the whole. In addition, when using synengo, the genus may be denoted by the name of the species. This expressive agent in poetry is less common than, for example, a metaphor.

Antonomasia

Antonomasia is an expressive agent, when used by which the author uses the name of its own instead of a nominal name, for example, based on the presence of a particularly strong character trait at the given character.

Irony

Irony - a strong expressive agent having a shade of ridicule, sometimes easy mock. When using irony, the author uses words with the opposite example in meaning so that the reader himself guessed the true properties of the described object, subject or action.

Strengthening or graduation

When using this expressive tool, the author has the abstracts, arguments their thoughts, etc. As they increase their importance or persuasiveness. Such a sequential presentation allows you to repeatedly increase the significance of thought presented by the poet.

Contrast or antithesis

Contrasting is an expressive tool, which allows you to make a particularly strong impression on the reader, convey to him the strong excitement of the author at the expense of a quick change of the opposite of the concepts used in the text of the poem. Also, opposite emotions, feelings and experiences of the author or his hero can be used as an object of opposition.

Default

When default, the author intentionally or involuntarily lowers some concepts, and sometimes whole phrases and suggestions. In this case, the presentation of thought in the text is obtained by a somewhat rigorous, less consistent, which only emphasizes the special emotionality of the text.

Exclamation

Exclamation may appear anywhere in the poetic work, but, as a rule, the authors use it, intonationally highlighting especially emotional moments in verse. At the same time, the author emphasizes the reader's attention on a particularly agitated moment, telling him his experiences and feelings.

Inversion

To give the language of the literary product, more expressiveness uses special means of poetic syntax, called the figures of poetic speech. In addition to repetition, anphors, epifiphs, antithesis, rhetorical issues and rhetorical circulation, in prose and especially - in resentment, inversion is often found (lat. Inversio - permutation).

The use of this stylistic reception is based on the unusual order of words in the proposal, which gives the phrase a more expressive shade. The traditional construction of a proposal requires the following sequence: to be subject to, the lean and definition facing the designated word: "The wind drives gray clouds." However, this word order is characteristic, to a greater extent, for prosaic texts, and in poetic works often there is a need for an intonational allocation of any word.

Classic examples of inversion can be found in Lermontov's poetry: "White sail is lonely / in the fog of the sea blue ...". Another great Russian poet Pushkin considered the inversion of one of the main figures of poetic speech, and often the poet used not only the contact, but also remote inversion, when other words are inclined with the words between them: "Purun Perun the old man ...".

Inversion in poetic texts performs an accent or semantic function, a rhythm-forming function for building the poetic text, as well as the function of creating a verbal-shaped picture. In prosaic works, inversion serves to arrange logical stress, to express the author's attitude towards heroes and to transfer their emotional state.

Alliteration

Under alliteration, they understand a special literary reception, which consists in repetition of one or a number of sounds. At the same time, the high frequency of these sounds on a relatively small speech area is of great importance. For example, "where the grove is rzhet rzhet." However, if other words or word formations are repeated, as a rule, there are no speech on alliteration. For alliteration, the irregular repetition of sounds is characteristic and it is precisely the main feature of this literary reception. Usually, the reception of alliteration is used in poetry, but in some cases alliteration can be found in prose. So, for example, V. Nabokov very often in their works uses the reception of alliteration.

From the rhyme, alliteration differs primarily by the fact that repeating sounds focus not at the beginning and end of the line, but absolutely derived, albeit with high frequency. The second difference is the fact that all the consonants are allying, as a rule.

The main functions of the literary reception of alliteration include sound-repeating and subordination of the semantics of words associations that cause sounds from humans.

Assonance

Under the Assonance understands a special literary reception, consisting in repetition of vowels in a particular statement. This is exactly the main difference between the Assonance from alliteration, where the consonants are repeated. There are two slightly different applications of the Assonance reception. First, the Assonance is used as an original tool that gives artistic text, especially poetic, special color.

For example,
"The ears of the ears on the top of the top
Slightly lit the guns
And the forest blue crown -
The French are here. " (M.Yu. Lermontov)

Secondly, the Assonance is widely used to create an inaccurate rhyme. For example, "Molot City", "Tsarevna-incompane".

In the era of the Middle Ages, the Assonance was one of the most frequently used methods of reproducing poems. However, in modern poetry, and in the poetry of the past century, it is fairly easy to find a lot of examples of applying the literary reception of Assonance. One of the textbook examples of use, both rhymes and associates in one quatrain, is an excerpt from the poetic work of V. Mayakovsky:

"It turns out not in thick, so in Tolstoy -
I write, from the heat of the Balda.
Who is not philosophized over the sea?
Water."

Anaphora

Near Anaphore traditionally understands such a literary reception as unity. At the same time, it is most often about repeating at the beginning of a sentence, string or paragraph of words and phrases. For example, "the winds did not blow in vain, the thunderstorm was not in vain." In addition, with the help of anatherap, you can express identity of certain objects or the presence of certain objects and different or identical properties. For example, "I go to the hotel, I hear the conversation." Thus, we see that Anaphor in Russian is one of the main literary techniques that serve to communicate text. The following types of anphors are distinguished: anaphor, morpheme anaphora, lexical anaphor, syntactic anaphor, stanzaic anaphor, rhythmic anaphor and stroke-syntactic anaphor. Quite often, anaphor, as a literary reception, forms symbiosis with such a literary reception as gradation, that is, an increase in the emotional nature of words in the text.

For example, "cattle dies, a friend dies, a man himself dies."

The arsenal of receptions is quite large: metaphor, oxyimer, metonymy, synengo, hyperbole, litt, allegories, comparison, epithet, allyusia, paraphrase, anaphor, epiphara, antibodies, antithesis, paronym, permutation, gradation, etc.

The metaphor is the transfer of the properties of one item (phenomenon) to another on the basis of a trait, common to both compaled members ("Speaking of Waves", "Bronze Muscles", "Store money at home - it means to freeze them!", Etc.)

Elimination is the type of metaphor, the transfer of the properties of animated objects into inanimate ("her satiety is silence").

Oxymoron (oxymoron) - ratio in contrast, combination of opposite words, the connection of concepts, excluding logically ("live corpse", "Tradition of avant-garde", "Little big car", etc.).

Metonimiya is a replacement of one word to others on the basis of the connection of their meaning of adjacency ("Theater of the hands-up" - instead of "the public of the hands-up").

Synekdoka - view of the metonymy, the name of the part (smaller) instead of the whole (big) or vice versa ("my head disappeared" - instead of "I disappeared").

The hyperbole is intentional exaggeration ("blood rivers", "Mountain Mountains", "Ocean of Love", etc.).

Lithot - intentional understatement ("peasant with marigolds").

Allegory is an image of an abstract idea (concept) by image. At the same time, the relationship between the meaning is established by analogy or adjacency ("Love - Heart", "Justice - a woman with weights", etc.).

Comparison is the likelihood of one subject to another ("huge, like an elephant"). When comparing the objects, the stronger (explanatory) moves some of its positive and already known characteristics to an unknown subject (explanable). Thus, it is easier to explain unfamiliar through a friend, complex through a simple. With the help of comparisons, you can achieve greater visibility and originality.

However, the comparisons often "lame" and may be incorrectly interpreted. A person will begin to think about the explanatory subject and distract from the main plan.

It will be worthwhile to evaluate whether the object is not compared with the worst than he himself, an object, will not make a comparison of negative results. If there is doubt, it is better to abandon the use of comparison.

The epithet is a figurative definition, which gives an additional artistic characteristic of the subject (phenomenon) in the form of a hidden comparison ("Pure field", "Sailing lonely", etc.) It should be borne in mind that small epithets weaken the text ("very", " Too "," a little "," enough ", etc.).

Allusion - a hint through a similarity of the word or mention of a well-known real fact, a historical event, literary work, etc. ("The Secrets of the Madrid Yard").

Paraphrase is a reduced presentation, a descriptive transmission of the meaning of another expression or word ("writing these lines" - instead of "I").

AnaFora is the repetition of the same letters, the same parts of the word, whole words or phrases at the beginning of the offer ("out of politics! Out of competition!").

Epiphara is the repetition of identical words or phrases at the end of the sentence.

Anticycution - deviation from a conventional linear sequence of elements in which the sign required to understand the other precedes it, instead of following it, as a result of which the expectation effect is created ("Not such a new one, this phenomenon, referred to as patriotism" or " And what are these conversations - historical! ")

The antithesis is opposed to start, contrast. ("Small computers - for large people" company "White Wind"). For example, I. Ehrenburg often resorted to Antithese: "Workers continue to stand at the levers: cold, heat, squeal, darkness. Mr. Eastman away from the worldly bustle eats an ostrich egg. "

Paronims are words close to sound, but different in meaning ("base" and "basis", "hot" and "terrible." V.Vysotsky: "And whoever does not honor quotes, the renegade and reptile").

Permation is a change in the words involved in words. ("The Heart of the Mediterranean. Mediterranean Sea in the heart").

Graduation - consistent injection or weakening of the force of homogeneous expressive agents of artistic speech ("I do not regret, I do not cry ...").

The rhetorical question is a question that does not require an answer, the question, the answer to which is known in advance, or the question that gives the answer himself asked ("And who are the judges?")

Often, phraseological groups (idioms) are effectively used - stable combinations of words, which are metaphors, figurative expressions of a certain concept or phenomenon ("Komar of the nose is not pumped", "Seven troubles - one answer", etc.)

Phraseologisms are easily recognized by the reader. With their help improves the memorability of individual phrases, the perception of the entire text.

The formation and conciseness of the text "work" and proverbs, sayings. He spoke about M. Gorky:

"It is the proverbs and sayings that express the masses thinking in completeness of particularly instructive, and beginner writers is extremely useful to get acquainted with this material not only because he teaches the words, speech compression and imagery, but why: quantitatively the prevailing population of the country of councils is the peasantry , that clay, from which history created workers, blessing, merchants, popov, officials, nobles, scientists and artists ...

I studied a lot on proverbs, otherwise - on thinking aphorisms. "

Also effective winged words. These are a lot of expressions, quotes, aphorisms who have received widespread in live speech on the rights of proverbs and sayings ("to be or not to be!", "From the dead donkey ears," and finally, I will say ", etc.).

The use of phraseological units, proverbs, sayings and winged words in the texts of various types of copyrighting is based on the preservation of sustainable semantic and estimated associations caused. This image is not destroyed even when it is rapidly arranged by the author. At the same time, the formal, surface use of phraseological and winged words is often observed. In such cases, the meaning is completely distorted, or semantic contradictions arise.

Often the authors resort to reminiscence - reference to famous literary facts or works. Reminiscence can be in the form of an accurate or inaccurate quotation, "quoted" or remaining implicit, subtext. Reminiscences link the text with a common cultural and social context and also allow the authors not to repeat, cost more concise description of events or facts. One of the most commonly used reminiscence is a reference to one or another fragment of the Bible text. Reminiscence is one of the favorite techniques of postmodernists.

(It is curious that, by and large, each text is a set of explicit or implicit quotes, reference to other texts.)

Unfinished proposals are successfully applied, denoted in the text of the ellipsis. The man is inherent in the desire for completion. In this regard, he tries to complete the offer and is drawn in this way in the active reading of the text.

Very often, the basis of unfinished proposals is taken well-known sayings, popular expressions, quotes from literary works ("Fisherman's fisherman ...", "without difficulty ...", "I gave birth to you ...", etc.) Naturally that the reader must complete the proposal of an exclusively provided by a copywriter option for words.

One of the frequently encountered techniques is the replay (complementary and clarifying reminders of the already said). With the help of repeats, the most important, especially significant points in the text are isolated and emphasized.

Apply in various texts and puns - a game of words based on the sound similarity of bottled words or phrases ("Osip Okharip, and the Osip archite").

The game of words can be based not only on sound content, but also on writing.

Examples of using writing words in advertising:

though Kutuur

(Sign at the store)

here it is what!

(Trading House "Oton")

Connectation is an additional, concomitant value that can inspire the desired attitude to the object. For example, Vodka "Putka", Vodka "President", "Kremlin Vodka".

Additional value can change its strength over time. For example, in Soviet times the word "imported" attached to the goods additional attractiveness, but over time he lost it.

Often, striving for novelty, originality, copywriters create neologisms - their own words and expressions whose unusual is clearly felt by native speakers. So, for example, the words "substance" and "degrees" came up with M. Lomonosov, "Industry" - N. Karamzin, "Pumping" - M. Saltykov-Shchedrin, "Stoying" - F. Dostoevsky, "Frame" - I. Northerner , "Isoremaken" - V. Khlebnikov, "Gromadier" - V. Mayakovsky, etc.

It is curious that the first "gay" in the story in the literature used Gertrud Stein. She also presented the world definition "Lost Generation". This lesbian writer hated punctuation signs. The most famous of its quotes - "Rose is a rose is a rose is a rose."

Sometimes in pursuit of originality, words are created that, without special explanation, does not understand a significant part of the audience or no one.

In cases where it is necessary to replace the rude, aggressive or too direct expression softer, euphemism is used. It is necessary to ensure that the reception does not make it difficult to perceive, did not lead to misunderstanding. After all, under one word for different people can be different.

It is used in copywriting and such a "tool" as a cauterism is a reduced, replacing regulatory, decent. For example, instead of "die" in some cases, you can write to "glue the flippers", "to discard the skates", "Play in the box", etc.

Very interesting Parium - the precision (from the word "strange"). This term introduced V. Shklovsky:

"The precance is the vision of the world with other eyes.

Jean-Jacques Rousseau in his own way ruined the world, he could live outside the state.

The world of poetry includes the world of spitting.

Troika Gogol, who rushes over Russia, she is Russian Troika, because it is sudden. But at the same time, she is a triple world, it suffers over Russia, and over Italy, and over Spain.

This is the movement of the new, approving literature.

New vision of the world.

Outranement is a matter of time.

Running is not only a new vision, this is a dream of a new and only because the sunny world. And a colored shirt without a belt Mayakovsky is a festive clothing of a person who firmly believes in tomorrow. "

In an effort to originality, the copyrights sometimes use techniques that are more like tricks. So, for example, the writer Ernest Vincent Wright has a novel "Gedsby", consisting of more than 50,000 words. In the whole novel, there is no letter E - the most frequently found letter of the English language.

More information on this topic can be found in the books of A. Nazaykin

When we are talking about art, literary creativity, we are focused on the impressions that are created when reading. They are largely determined by the image form. In fiction and poetry, there are special techniques for enhancing expressiveness. A competent presentation, a public speech - they also need ways to build expressive speech.

For the first time, the concept of rhetorical figures, figures of speech, appeared in the orators of ancient Greece. In particular, Aristotle and his followers were engaged in their research and classification. Delighted into details, scientists have highlighted up to 200 varieties enriched.

Means of expressiveness of speech are separated by language layout on:

• phonetic;
• lexical;
• syntactic.

The use of phonetics is traditionally for poetry. The poem is often dominated by musical sounds that give poetic speech special observance. In the drawing of verse to enhance, emphasis, rhythm and rhythma, combinations of sounds are used.

Anaphora - Repetition of sounds, words or phrases at the beginning of proposals, poetic lines or stains. "Stars of golden stars ..." - Repetition of initial sounds, non-physician used phonetic anaphor.

But an example of lexical anifore in verses Pushkin:

One you carry on clear lazuries,
One you guide the dull shadow
One you peel the jamming day.

Epiphora - A similar technique, but it is much less likely, while words or phrases are repeated at the end of rows or proposals.

The use of lexic techniques associated with the word, lexema, as well as phrases and proposals, syntax, is considered as a tradition of literary creativity, although it is widely found in poetry too.

Conditionally, all means of expressiveness of the Russian language can be divided into trails and stylistic figures.

Trails

The trails are the use of words and phrases in a figurative value. The trails make it a more figurative, revitalize and enrich it. Some trails and their examples in literary work are listed below.

Epithet - Artistic definition. Using it, the author gives the Word an additional emotional coloring, its assessment. To understand what the epithet differs from everyday definition is different, you need to catch when reading, does the definition of a new word attaches? Here is a simple test. Compare: Late autumn - Golden autumn, early spring - young spring, quiet breeze - a delicate breeze.

Elimination - Transferring signs of living beings to inanimate objects, nature: "Gloomy rocks are sternly looked ...".

Comparison - Direct comparison of one object, phenomena with another. "Ground Night, like a beast ..." (Tyutchev).

Metaphor - transfer the value of one word, subject, phenomena to another. Detection of similarities implicit comparison.

"The wilderness of Ryabina Red is burning in the garden ..." (Yesenin). Ryabina's brushes resemble a poet of a fire flame.

Metonymy - renaming. Transferring properties, values \u200b\u200bfrom one item to another on the principle of adjacent. "Which is in fetras, let's on the dispute" (Vysotsky). In fetters (material) - in a felt hat.

Synecdoche - a kind of metonymy. Transferring the value of one word to another on the basis of quantitative communication: the only thing is the plural, part is an integer. "We are all looking at Napoleon" (Pushkin).

Irony - Eating words or expressions in an inverted sense, mocking. For example, appeal to the donkey in the Krylov Basna: "Roll off, smart, you wrapped your head?"

Hyperbola - A figurative expression containing an exorbitant exaggeration. It can concern the size, values, forces, other qualities. Lithot - on the contrary, exorbitant understatement. The hyperbole is often used by writers, journalists, and the limit is much less likely. Examples. Hyperbol: "One hundred forty suns sunset gruel" (V.V. Mamikovsky). Lithot: "peasant with marigolds."

Allegory - Concrete image, scene, image, item that is clearly represented by an abstract idea. The role of the allegoria is to bring to the subtext, force to look for hidden meaning when reading. Widely used in the bass.

Alogis - intentional violation of logical connections for irony. "The landowner was stupid, read the newspaper" Elementary "and body had a soft, white and crumbly." (Saltykov-Shchedrin). The author deliberately mixes in the listing logically heterogeneous concepts.

Grotesque - Special reception, connection of hyperboles and metaphors, a fantastic surreal description. An outstanding master of the Russian grotesque was N.Gogol. On the use of this reception built his story "Nose". A special impression when reading this product produces a combination of absurd with ordinary.

Figures of speech

Stylistic figures are also used in the literature. The main types of them displays the table:

Test "Tools of Art Expressiveness"

To test yourself to master the material, go through a small test.

Read the following passage:

"There, the war smelled of gasoline and soot, burned glands and gunpowder, she crossed the caterpillars, shouted from the machine guns and fell into the snow, and rose under fire again ..."

What are the means of artistic expressiveness used in the passage from Roman K. Sonmon?

Swede, Russian - Kolts, Rubit, cuts.

Fight drum, clicks, crosses,

Thunder cannons, Topot, Rzhanye, moan,

And death and hell on all sides.

A. Pushkin

The answer to the test is given at the end of the article.

An expressive language is, first of all, an internal image that occurs when reading a book, listening to oral presentation, presentation. To manage images, fine visual techniques are needed. In great and mighty Russian, their enough. Use them, and in your speech drawing a listener or reader will find its image.

Learn an expressive language, its laws. Determine for yourself what is missing in your speeches, in your drawing. Think, write, experiment, and your language will become an obedient tool and your weapon.

Test response

K. Simonov. Elimination of war in passage. Metonimia: Rolling soldiers, technique, the battlefield - the author Ideanly connects them into a generalized image of the war. Used methods of expressive language - multi-type, syntactic repetition, parallelism. Through this combination of stylistic techniques when reading, a rustic, saturated image of the war is created.

A. Pushkin. There are no alliances in the poem in the first lines. In this way, the tension, saturation of the battle, is transmitted. In the phonetic drawing of the scene, the sound of "P" is played in different combinations. When reading, there is a rocking-growing background, ideologically transmitting the noise of the battle.

If answering the test, you could not give correct answers, do not be mistaken. Just re-read the article.