Depression on Goya - "Black Painting". Goya Francisco Goya Paint Paintings

Revolution, deafness, illegal love, highlighting: in what circumstances, Guya created an unusual cycle of paintings on the walls of his own home

Mobile photo studio Jean Laurent. 1872 yearPhotographer Laurent made the first shots of a deaf house. Archivo Ruiz Vernacci.

In May 1814, Ferdinand VII, several years in exile, trium-fable returned to Spain. He canceled the Constitution of 1812, Ras-Stylted Cortesa and restored the power of Spanish Burbones. Many of the liberal deputies and intellectuals were arrested, many hanged or shot.

Goya was friendly with many "enlightened" liberals. Although advanced initially suspicion of cooperation between Goya with the French and the rule of King José I were removed, he hated Ferdinand VII, and the artist's position remained vulnerable. Goya had to hide at the Academy of San Fernando many of his paintings, and to remove away from the courtyard.

In February 1819, the 72-year-old artist bought a rural house for 60,000 real houses and 22 Akra of Earth in the suburbs of Madrid, behind the bridge leading to Segovia, from the side of San Isidro (today it is almost the city center), and lived a nickname, No one taking. By the strange coincidence in the neighboring house there lived a man who, as well as Goya, was deprived of hearing Goya lost his hearing after severe illness, which was postponed in 1792-1793. Presumably, it was a lead poisoning (Saturnism), but some researchers are leaning towards a heavy stroke version., Therefore, the locals called his dwelling "Quinta del Sordo" - "House of Deaf". After the death of Goya, he began to call his house, which, unfortunately, was not preserved. One-day in his place is the metro station, which carries the name of the artistic ni-ka - "Goya".

The artist settled there with his "housekeeper", and in fact, the girlfriend and the lifestyle of the life of recent years, the Lokatia of Sorrili Wece. They met in the summer of 1805 at the wedding of the son of Goya and, apparently, they immediately became love-ki. Their connection did not stop even after in 1807 Leokady was married to a certain merchant of German origin, nee Madrid. In 1812, the husband accused Lockadia in infidelity, they divorced, and in 1814 her daughter Rosario was born. The girl received the surname of the Wece, although many believe that she was a daughter Goya: in any case, Guya, until the end of his days treated her as a daughter, did a lot with her painting and drawing (Rosario became an artist, after the death of Goya, she was even approached To the yard and gave the lessons of drawing Queen Isabelle II).

Goya lived in the house of a deaf hermit, did not accept anyone, since he was afraid of charges from the Inquisition not only in liberal views, but also in immoral behavior. As it turned out 50 years later, there he was the pains-shaft of the walls of his house: first wrote several extensive landscapes, and in the fact, presumably, in spring or in the summer of 1823, over the old frescoes twisted the walls and wrote on them 14 or 15 paintings on them, which later - More thanked "black painting" (Pinturas Negras) for their gloomy rit and plots resembling nightmares. These works did not have analogues in the then painting. Some of them were written on religions-oh, others on mythological plots, such as "Saturn, devouring his son." However, in the mass of its tragic breeding of the artist's fantasy.

Francisco Goya. Coven. 1819-1823.© Museo Del Prado

Francisco Goya. Festival in San Isidro. 1819-1823.© Museo Del Prado

Francisco Goya. Asmtell, or fantastic vision. 1819-1823.© Museo Del Prado

Francisco Goya. Two old man eating soup. 1819-1823.© Museo Del Prado

Francisco Goya. Duel on the doubles. 1819-1823.© Museo Del Prado

Francisco Goya. Pilgrimage to San Isidro source. 1819-1823.© Museo Del Prado

Francisco Goya. Atropa. 1819-1823.© Museo Del Prado

In January 1820, General Raigae raised an armed uprising in Cadis, becoming the beginning of the revolution. In 1822, Ferdinand VII recognized the Cadiz constitution. Spain has become a constitutional monarchy again, but in the unfortunate: already on May 23, 1823, the king returned to Madrid together with the French Armia. The revolution was suppressed, the reaction began in Spain; In November, General Vladii was executed.

Goya sympathized with the military who united around Riugi, and even made the Mi-native portrait of his wife. The son of Goyy Javier in 1823 was a member of the Revo-Luce Militia. On March 19, 1823, Cardinal Luis Bourbon died, the younger brother of King Charles III, patronized Goya; Family of his other Pokro-Vi-Vi-Watch, Kommersant Martin Miguel de Goycoechee (the son of Goyy Javier was married to the daughter of Goycoecee Gamersinda), was compromised. Goya was scared. Leokadia persuaded it to emigrate, but the flight threatened to the conjugation of property.

October 18, 2012

Saturn, devouring his children

1821-1823; 146x83 cm

Prado, Madrid

The years before the emigration to France Goyia spent under Madrid on the shore of Manzanares, in the house, called the "House of Deaf". Wall paintings of this house, portraits, several paintings for churches and the graphics series "Disparates" (translated - absurdity, madness) are among the late creation of the Master.

In the paintings made by the technique of oil painting on the walls of "deaf houses", most often see fantastic, monstrous images generated by the painful imagination of the old artist, not only a deaf, but also beginners to get out, for which the whole world turned into gloomy tragic nightmares.

However, there are currently the connection of paintings with political events of those years, although a clearly pronounced element of fiction really makes the dependence of the defined events are difficult to catch. The true meaning of these works is encrypted and closely associated with people's beliefs, but the tragic grotesque in these so-called "black canvases" was brought to the limit ...

Two old women eating soup

1821-1823; 53x85 cm
wall painting transferred to canvas
Prado, Madrid

Master's palette at this time consists mainly of black, gray, ocher and brown; Only sometimes he unexpectedly plunges into this pretty gloomy flavoring white or bloody-red spots. At the end of the XIX century, "black canvas" will be transferred from the walls of the "deaf house" on canvas. The very same house, in which, by the way, was not created by the Goya Museum, was finally destroyed in 1910. Today, there is a metro station in his place, which carries the name of the artist - "Goya" ...

In the famous "Saturn, devouring his children," god-cannibal, similar to a bird of prey with scattered eyes, is depicted in the most terrifying moment, his open mouth causes associations with the gates of hell, behind which his children die alone in the terrible torment .. .

Fighting ("Two Alien")

1820-1823; 123x266 cm
wall painting transferred to canvas
Prado, Madrid

Rubens addressed the same topic in 1636, but introduced it in a completely different way, although using a similar composition. Rubens makes the viewer to perceive Saturn somewhat removed, as if by. Goyya makes us involuntary participants of the hellish feather - just as invites you to make a company to two trapping old women-witches ("Two old women eating soup").

"House deaf"

In 1819, Francisco Goya, by that time almost completely lost his hearing, looked for himself a house in the suburbs of Madrid. It is not possible to better approached him by the famous "deaf house" - before Antonio Montanes lived in it, who also did not hear anything. Having moved to a new home, Goya was completely loneliness. Leokadyve Vess, if he was with him, could not serve him with a worthy society.

The walls of the rooms artist painted with oil, only 14 works, initially oil frescoes, subsequently translated on canvases. These are the fading plots close to the fact that they appeared on its etchings of that time. The picturesque works created in 1820-1823 were called "black paintings". In parallel, he created a series of etching Los Disparates - "Disparates" ("quirks" or "nonsense") - 22 sheets were published in 1863 in Madrid called Los Proverbios ("Proverbs", "Proverbs").

Ghosts, who inhabited the soul of Goya, broke free.

Almost the most famous and most terrible picture of the "black" series is "Saturn, devouring his children." Here Goya uses the myth about the father of Jupiter (Zeus) Saturn (Kronos) as an allegory of events that took place in the world. No wonder the ancient titan looks like Goya, the Many Buty-God. "Two old men who eaten soup" seem no less terrible: these are two skeletons, covered with leather and covered with rag. "Coven. The Great Goat "is an image of Satanian black Mass on the eve of Easter and Christmas. "Atropos" ("Fate") - Flying of the three Oldelly goddes of the fate of Moyer, going to interrupt someone's life. "Two old old" ("old and monk") - the contrast between decent and ugly old age. "Duel on the doubles" - perhaps the image of the biblical cain and abel. "Reading men" seemingly nothing special if not an expression of stupidity on faces. "Judith and Oolfern" - no nobility in the face of the biblical heroine of Yudith, only thirst for blood for blood. "Festival in San Isidoro" - the joy of freaks depicted here seems to be expanding the earth. "Laughing women" - all the same frightening, impassable stupidity. "Pilgrimage to the San Isidoro source" - what a terrible opposite of a long-standing picture of the "meadow of San Isidoro"! "Dog" - a terrible loneliness of a little creature in a terrible, deprived of heat and peace of peace. "Donny Leokady Surilo" - the lady on the canvas partly reminds the late Duchess Alba. "Fantastic vision" ("Asmodework") - a flight of a demon above the mountains.

"Father, working for himself, wrote everything that he would be pleased, and at the same time used not a brush, but a knife, however, at a certain distance, this painting made an amazing impression," the son of the artist wrote. And in this technique (etching, engraving), Goyia also beat his time - for several decades.

A number of iconic works of the famous Spaniard.

Goyy.

Francisco de Goya is the famous Spanish artist and engraver. He acquired his initial fame as the creator of beautiful tapestries, but the genuine glory came to him already as a court artist of the Spanish crown. The uniqueness of the works of Goya give the creative approach and bold use of paints. The master's style inspired many imitators and had a serious impact on the world of art.

Umbrella (1777)

This work is included in a series of 63 works, which the artist created at the beginning of his career. It is believed that the work on this cycle helped the master to study the ways of interaction between people, which was subsequently important when creating later masterpieces. Umbrella combines the motives of French and Spanish fashion.

Dog (1823)

The group of famous "black paintings", created by Francisco in the late stages of creativity, includes the image of a dog, which is easy to lose in the artistic space of the picture. Usually work is interpreted as a symbol of human struggle with trouble and evil forces.

Mahi (1797-1805)

Both works ("Mach nude" and "Maha dressed") are located next to one hall of the Prado Museum (Madrid). Among the artists who created paintings under the impression of these works of Goya, Ignacio Soulaga and Eduard mana should be noted. To this day, it is not known who served as a model for the main character of the painting, but traditionally as a source of inspiration of the artist called the 13th Duchess Alba.

At the pedestal of the monument to the artist established before the Prado museum building, the sculptural image was placed on the motifs of the "Nude Mach" picture.

Great Goat (1821-1823)

"The black picture" is often considered by art historians as satire on the topic of superstitiousness and depicts Satan advocating in front of the Witch Group.

Karl IV and his family (1801)

Portrait demonstrates deliberately dressed king of Spain and his family. It should be noted that the reluctance of the artist's artist and instill led to the fact that Guya, according to modern researchers, showed the corruption nature of their power in the portrait and his family. Probably, barely visible to the left man is the author of the work.

Disasters of war (1810-1820)

This series of 82 engravings is among the most significant works of Goya. Art historians share a series of three parts:

• The first 47 engravings demonstrate the horrors of war.
• The second 18 works depict the effects of hunger.
• The last 17 reflect the disappointment associated with the restoration of the Bourbon monarchy.

This series is a phenomenal visualization of the copyright position, which contains indignation and bold political statements.

Disasters of war. 39 Work from the series.

Sleep mind gives birth to monsters (1799)

Part of the "Kaprichos" series, consisting of 80 work, is also this composition. The artist's sleeping among tools is surrounded by monsters, which symbolize ignorance and other flavors of society.

Saturn, devouring son (1819-1823)

This masterpiece is based on the Roman myth, according to which Titan Saturn has eaten his children, as he was predicted to die from the hand of one of the sons. However, the prophecy was destined to come true.
"Saturn, devouring son" - an alarming portrait, which is part of a series of "black paintings".

Third of May 1808 (1814)

On October 2, 1808, the people of Madrid rebelled against the French occupiers. Goya depicts this scene in the "Third May 1808" picture. In the center of the canvas - a retaliatory blow of the French troops, as a result of which hundreds of Spaniards were shot. Revolutionary style and level of symbolism painting inspired Pablo Picasso on the creation of the famous "Guerniki".

Sardinki Funeral (about 1808-1814)

Academy of San Fernando, Madrid Goya represents a national carnival demonic holiday. Under the pressure of the Inquisition, the artist was forced to change the initial version of the picture and replace the inscription on the Khorugvi Mortus (died) on the mask grimace. The bubble fun and distorted joy of the detached crowd are grotesque allegory to the existing public order. In his work, Goya Bunutuets against the orders established by the Inquisition, and demonstrates the powerlessness of its contemporaries before their face.

Portrait of Francisco Bayee (1795)

After 1794, Goya creates a number of portraits from nature. Due to the acute observation and the exact technique of the artist, his work is distinguished by deep psychologism and penetration into the inner world of man. Here is a portrait of the court painter and Shuri Goya Francisco Baye (1734-1795) shortly before death. Tired, slightly irritable facial expression and casually fastened improtoux characterize the identity of the model. Together with this frozen posture, characteristic hand bending, at least the internal advantages of portrayed.

Court of Inquisition (about 1800)

Goya has repeatedly addressed the topic of the court of the Inquisition, emphasizing the cruelty of the ceremony and the tragic destiny of his victims, which were put on the caps of heretics. The lighting effects and manner of the laying of paints help to portray the trial that the obscurantists are guided. The faces of judges - monks and priests are distorted by death grimaces, and their figures merge into a single amorphous mass.

Game in Zhmurki (1791)

The scenes of everyday life and folk entertainment, for whom the colors saturation and the ease of the composition are characteristic, showed new trends in the artist's work. Goya reveals the real world in all its infinite manifold. The attractiveness of this sketch for the tapestry, designed to finish the cabinet in the palace of the Escorial, manifests itself in bright colors, in the ease of the movements of characters. For Goya, a typically image of figures in a gentle, watercolor flavor, the figures of the characters as if they dissolve in a thin haze.

Famous pictures of Francisco Goya Updated: January 21, 2018 by the author: Gleb

"Black paintings" Goya

In 1819, Goya buys the estate - "Twenty-two acres of sowing land with a house. He liked the privacy of the place and the name of the manor - Quinta Del Sordo (deaf house).

Over a few decades to the described events of Guya as a result of the disease of the flames. His deafness was complete.
Goya did not hear any sound; He also did not use both many fellow in misbill of gestures, nor written accessories for conducting a conversation. It seems that injury closed the artist to the castle, mocking which could only painting.
The only people who were separated by the loneliness of a 72-year-old artist, became a rude housekeeper Leokady and her daughter (which, according to some information, was the daughter of Goya himself).

Shortly after moving to Quinta Del Sordo, Goya is seriously ill. Half a year ago, his life hung in the balance, but whether the old man's body died strongly or the efforts of Dr. Arteth, who saved him, at the beginning of 1820 he went on amendment.

Self-portrait with Dr. Arjeta (1820)

Hardly recovered, Goya hurried. Steering from weakness, he walked around the house, looked at the walls, trying the palm of the elbow and the bulges of the surfaces. A strange plan was born in his head ...

Between 1820 and 1823, Goya decorated the 2 largest rooms of a series of paintings by a series of paintings, they had the name of the "black" for their gloomy flavor and plots, insulting the memories of nightmares, these are the tragic rates of fantasy artist
Spaniards call them Pintura Negra, we will conscientiously translate black paintings, between those we are talking about frescoes. They covered all the walls and simpleness of Quinta Del Sordo.
For these scenes is characterized by a harsh and brave manner of messages; All of them reminds of death and a vanity of human life.

This artist thinks the form and space, and, indeed, if mentally traceing for the location of the frescoes, it is not difficult to see that each of them was created for a particular place.
"Black paintings" decorated the walls of the "deaf houses" until the 1870s, and later they acquired Baron Emil Erlanger, a German banker and a painting collector. Pictures moved from the walls on canvas and put out in 1878 in Paris.
In 1881, they were presented with the Prado Madrid Museum.
"Black paintings" during the life of the artist, minus family members, did not see any live soul.

in the "black paintings" there are no thoughts, nor feelings - painting has absorbed philosophy, beliefs, passion and pressed their monstrous force with a press of one single thought - denial of man.
Not some specifically, Spanish or contemporaries, but as such, its nature and the finest layer of civilization pollen on top of it. He suffered a Danov warning - leave hope, everyone is part of here - with the Gate of Hell into the world of living.

At the time when the most brilliant brushes chased the revolution and Beethoven wrote in Vienna the last part of the ninth symphony, the anthem of humanity is the Great "ODU", at the other end of Europe, in the suburb of Zattle Madrid, a deaf old man, the fresco of fresco restored perpendicular to all signs and ideas His time, and at the same time and to all the aspirations and disappointments of human existence.
Pintura Negra embodies absolute nihilism. And the most amazing, deepest, the radical philosophical idea is expressed exclusively picturesque means: the finest gamut of black, with small white splashes, magically turning black in darkness.
Is the fresco cycle on the basis of a common idea? Undoubtedly, this is indicated by the overall color tonality of all paintings, which are depicted by humans and human-like.
Looking at Creativity Goya, you can find an answer: - The fall of the morals in the modern consumer society is not a rejection of the information flow and industrialization, but the weakness of the human soul, brought up by things. What is more and more functionality become things, the weaker the man is spiritually, and physically.

On both sides of the entrance there are images of a beautiful majestic woman (most likely, it is Dona Leokady).
A woman seems to personify healthy, young sensuality

donya Leokady

And on the contrary - two men: one, angry and excited, something whispers in the ear second, unshakably calm.

Two monks

On the opposite wall, Guya writes the judith, which grieves the sword to cut off the head of Olofern. The heroic episode of biblical history acquires an ominous shade in the interpretation of Goya.
This is an example of how deeply rooted in Goya consciousness about the cruelty of a woman.

On the same wall, next to Judith - Saturn, compressing in the huge hands of his son and bringing it to his bloody grazing, - the symbol of the incomprehensible irrationality of the universe and the disadvantaged paternal beginning, as well as the judith may be a symbol of the perverted maternal start.

This is one of the worst and disgusting canvases in all global art - "Saturn, devouring his son." It is difficult, almost impossible to look at the insane eyes of Saturn, tearing the body of a baby into pieces. An unjustified image cruelty makes doubt in the spiritual health of the person who created such a wild picture.

"Saturn, devouring his children."

Why is the ancient Roman God, where did children come from?
Looking around, you will see that the victim has well-developed, not by children's female forms; A few decades ago, a radiograph made an excited male body from the "Father" ("edited" during restoration in the 1870s) - but the picture is still referred to as "Saturn, devouring his children."

On long side walls we see two huge paintings - "Pilgrimage to Saint Isidor" and "Shabash Witch".

In the pilgrimage in San Isidro Goya portrayed wondering from nowhere else to any crowd. Nothing in the picture itself says that the pilgrims, there are no topographical and others will take the church of San Isidro and cemeteries around it on the canvas and in risen ...

. "Pilgrimage" remotely resembles an adorable sketch for the tapestry "Holiday in San Isidoro", but it's like a "dark side" of the spring fellow. A group of madmen and drunks, knocked in a bunch, against the background of a gloomy landscape produces an oppressive impression.
The darkness thickened over the scene, despair breaks into fun and distorts the face of the singers, which in the picture belongs to the central place, the confusion covered the crowd consisting of figures wrapped in raincoats that are more reminiscent of the shadow rolling. Yet in this crowd there is nothing ominous, people frightened by the darkness of them, but hardly guilty in it.

Pilgrimage in San Isidro

Another worse, the crowd shown in the "Witch Shabash" - people with monstrously distorted persons who are difficult to call, visiting and witches, striving towards a huge black goat - a devil, similar to a giant shadow.
This crowd lost the human appearance, the faces of people resemble the muzzles of animals and testify to the victory of the irrational principle. Goya once again reminded in this scene about his hatred of irrationalism, presented here in the form of black magic, and about his many years of enthusiasm for this topic.

"Coven"

What a contrast with the eponymous early picture, made for the Countess of Oshan, where the devil seemed harmless "gray goat", and the whole scene was more like a gaming character.

Shabash Witch-1798

Together with the Holy Isidore, this picture is a merciless trial of a crowd man. If a separate person will allow themselves to dissolve in the crowd, it will inevitably lose human qualities.

Gallery of terrible images and fantastic visions continues on the second floor of the house.

"Two laughing women" make up a pair of "old men for pussy" - innocent, at first glance, plots, which nevertheless cause disgust.

Female laughter resembles a vile grimacing,

"Two laughing women"

and the old men with an indispensable unscrewing mouths do not cause any sympathy

"Old men for pussy"

The "bullish shepherds" brutally beat each other, one already all the blood, both knee-droves in a bog, from which they will never be able to get out and will be ever doomed to meaningless fight. All this is happening against the background of a serene village landscape

"Bullish shepherds"

Here is another "pilgrimage to Saint Isidor", although it is hardly possible to name "pilgrimage" this human whirlpool - pilgrims takes into a dark forest the flow of light.

"Pilgrimage to Saint Isidor"

One of the most curious pictures of the cycle is "a fantastic vision" (it is "a" rock, dried from guns "and she" asmode ").
Two huge figures flying to the city on a rock, soaring over the crowd, not paying attention to the shooters who are kissing in them out of cover. The painting is also a phantasmagoric, like the other painting at home, however, the rock, and the city, and the riders at the foot of the mountains are quite specific, which allowed to make guesses, as if Goya tried to portray his vision of one of the episodes of war with the French.

"Rock, dried from guns" and she "asmode"

A little embarrassed from the general range of the picture: "Reading" - expressing the artist's faith in the triumph of the mind among the madness of harsh reality,

"Reading"

In the entire long wall to the left of the entrance, the artist drew fate and a fight

Goya. ATROPOS (The Fates)

Fresco "Dog" - first seeming abstraction. But, looking after, we will see a poop, from the last strength fighting with earth shafts, which at any time can collapse.

"Dog"

The only one of all the frescoes is given a thin multicolor lesser - a picture of a dog, which is whether it worms sad on the moon, whether it is trying to drink from this world to the best. There is no other such autoportist in world painting too.

The "black paintings" became an expression of the nightmares of the old artist, pursuing him throughout life and especially exacerbated in recent years. At the same time, this is a quintessence of his thoughts and experiences, love and hatred, the rejection of the crowd, passionate reluctance to grow old, contempt for superstitions and, despite everything, the faith by the mind.

On the slope of the year, Guya found the strength to plunge into the puchins of the subconscious, to pull his deepest, the darkest thoughts into the world, and his courage was rewarded. From these, the dark vision has stopped tormented by the artist forever, remaining on the walls of the house is deaf.

X-ray showed that these frescoes were others. Having settled in the house of Guya, he finished the walls with the images of his past life, there were folk festivities, scenes from urban life ... then the disease, nonsense, vision ... He destroyed the past, replaced him with painful nightmares.