DECORATION(The term formed from the Latin word Decorare is to decorate, the French analogue of Decor, Spanish - Decorado, German - BuhnenBild, English - SET), one of the ways of design of performances in the modern theater. The main function of the decoration in the performance is to create an image of actions.

Historically, decorative art has developed in the Epoch of the Renaissance, in the Italian court theater (), but its elements were present in the ancient tragedies of ancient Greece. Renaissance preceded the scenery of square mysterical ideas, which recreated the canonical sites of the main plot of Christian mythology (Paradise, Nazareth, Temple, Jerusalem, Palace, Tomnot, Sea, Purgatory, Hell), located on the same line (horizontally or in a circle) and shown Spectators at the same time all at once. In Italian palace performances 16 V. For the image of sample places of action of the tragedy, comedy and pastoral, "Decoration prospects" were used. They were located in the depths of the stage layoffs and served as an actor with a picturesque background. These scenery were static. When there was a need to show the shifts of thections of the action, they began to use first Telaria (triangled, and sometimes five-marked, prisms. These structures were known in the ancient theater), which, turning, could show three, five or more different scenery paintings. Then the scene mechanisms were invented ( cm. Kulisi), which allowed many times to increase the number of replacing points. The next step was the appearance of a stitching scenery. It made it possible to create the impression of the depths of the natural landscape depicted in the scene-box space-box, architectural landscape or interior. From the end of the 18th century To recreate the interior medium, the so-called is used. Pavilion scenery (three wall-drawn walls cut through door and window openings and supplemented with ceiling), and in the romantic 19 century theater. - The picturesque and bulk scenery that folded from the elements of the design of drawn and three-dimensional and in such a way that a greater impression of the reality created on the stage of the point of action is created on the scene. Finally, in the 20th century, thanks to the new technique, it was possible to depict the scenery virtually - using the projection, and then the laser. On the other hand, the sets are increasingly used to create a sense of maximum reality of the stage environment. Genuine things (furniture items, tools, various household accessories, etc.) and natural textures (wood, land, sand, water, iron, etc. ).

No matter how the scenery is not created, it always remains illusory. All sorts of attempts to overcome this illusion led to the abandonment of the scenery in general and to the formulation of performances or in the surrounding real environment, or in the space of an empty scene, designers adapted for theatrical game. And although this kind of action is known much earlier than the scenery, they cause increased interest of modern masters. Nevertheless, the decoration and for the present period continues to remain the necessary theater, gives the artist the opportunity to solve complex creative tasks and like the audience, because it opens up the image of the real life environment of the heroes of the play or immerses the world of fantasy, imagination, beauty.

Viktor Berezkin

Theatrical-decorative art

Theatrical and decorative art (it is also often called scenography) - a type of visual creativity associated with the decoration of theatrical performance, that is, the creation of the life medium in the theater scene, in which the heroes of the dramatic or musical-dramatic work, as well as the appearance of these heroes themselves. The main elements of theatrical and ornamental art - scenery, lighting, butaforia and props, costumes and makeup actors are a single artistic integer, expressing the meaning and character of the stage action, subordinate to the idea of \u200b\u200bthe performance. Theatrical-decorative art is closely related to the development of the theater. Scenic representations without elements of artistic and visual design are an exception.

The basis of the performance of the performance is a scenery depicting the place and time of action. The specific form of decoration (composition, coloristic system, etc.) is due not only to the content of action, but also by its external conditions (more or less rapid changes of the place of action, the peculiarities of the perception of the decoration of the visual hall, the combination of it with certain lighting, etc. .).

The image embodied on the scene is originally created by the artist in a sketch or layout. The path from the sketch to the layout and design of the scene is associated with the search for the greatest expressiveness of the scenery and its artistic completeness. In the work of the best theater artists, the sketch has the importance of not only the work plan of the stage design, but also relative to an independent artistic work.

A. N. Benua. Sketch of scenery

1953. Paper, Gouache, Watercolor, Pencil.

A. N. Benua. Sketch of scenery
to the ballet P. I. Tchaikovsky "Sleeping Beauty".
1953. Paper, Gouache, Watercolor, Pencil.

Theatrical scenery includes the framing of the scene, a special curtain (or curtains), a visual solution of the scene scene, the scene, the back plan, etc. Methods of the image of the living medium on the stage are diverse. In the traditions of Russian realistic art, scenic solutions are dominated. At the same time, the written plane elements are usually combined with (volumetric or semi-compounds) into a holistic image that creates the illusion of a single spatial environment. But the basis of the scenery can be both figurative-expressive designs, projections, drapery, screen, etc., as well as a combination of various ways of image. The development of the scene technique and the expansion of the image methods do not cancel, however, the values \u200b\u200bof painting as the basis of theatrical and decorative art as a whole. The choice of image method in each individual case is determined by a specific content, genre and the style of the work embodied on the scene.

Costumes of the acting persons created by the artist in unity with scenery characterize the social, national, individual features of the heroes of the performance. They relate to color with scenery ("fit" into the overall picture), and in a ballet performance also have a special "dance" specificity (must be comfortable and easy and emphasized dance movements).

With the help of lighting, clear visibility (reviewability, readability) decorations, but also depicts different seasons and days, illusion of natural phenomena (snow, rain, etc.). The color effects of lighting are capable of creating a sense of a certain emotional atmosphere of stage action.

Theatrical-decorative art changes with the development of artistic culture as a whole. It depends on the dominant artistic style, on the type of drama, from the state of the visual art, as well as from the device of theatrical premises and scenes, from the lighting technology and many other specific historical conditions.

A. M. Vasnetsov. Sketch of scenery to opera N. A. Rimsky-Korsakov

1906.

A. M. Vasnetsov. Sketch of scenery to opera N. A. Rimsky-Korsakov
"Tale of the invisible Grade Kitege and the Virgin Fevronia."
1906.

The high level of development has reached theatrical and decoration art in Russia at the turn of the XIX-XX centuries, when outstanding artists came to the theater. In the design of performances, they brought a large picturesque culture, sought artistic integrity of the scenic action, organic participation in it of visual arts, unity of scenery, lighting and costumes with drama and music. These were artists who first worked in the Mammoth Opera (V. M. Vasnetsov, V. D. Polenov, M. A. Vrubel, etc.), then at the Moscow Art Theater (V. A. Simov, etc.), in the imperial Music theaters (K. A. Korovin, A. Ya. Golovin), Dyagilevsky "Russian seasons" (A. N. Benua, L. S. Bakst, N. K. Roerich, etc.). A powerful stimulus for the development of theatrical and ornamental art was given creative quest for advanced director (K. S. Stanislavsky, V. I. Nemirovich-Danchenko, V. E. Meyerhold, Balletmisters M. M. Fokin and A. A. Gorsky).

Artists also participate in the creation of movies, telecons, pop and circus representations. The spectacular arts are perceived by millions of viewers, and therefore the role of the artist is very responsible here.

Successful embodiment of the designs of the director and the artist, the most accurate imaging of the image,
found in sketches and layouts, impossible without knowledge of the properties and qualities of those
Materials from which to make scenery. To this end, it is necessary
get acquainted with the materials most often and widely used in theatrical
production.

Introduction

1. Wood

2. Metals and alloys

3. Textile materials

4. Plastic masses

Conclusion

Introduction

To the most
Frequently used in theater materials include: Wood (Lumber,
veneer, plywood); Metals and its alloys (pipes, corners, chawllers, etc.); Textile
Materials (tissues, curtain-tulle and knitted canvas); Chemical materials
(films, plastics, etc.).

1. Wood

Wood -
Material, extremely widely used in theatrical production. She is easy
processed, has considerable strength with relatively small
Mass and available almost everywhere. To rationally use wood,
It is necessary to know its properties - advantages and disadvantages.

Used
As a material for making decorations, wood must respond
The following requirements are easy to prepare, not change to it
The form, resist external efforts, not to have defects that reduce strength. These requirements
Make up the technical properties of wood.

Technical
Wood characteristics.

1.
Physical properties :
color, glitter, texture (drawing), smell, humidity, swelling and drying,
hygroscopicity, density, porosity, workability.

Color Woods, shine,
texture and smell - these are those properties for which
Developed wood tree, wood quality. To give wood
artificial shine is subjected to polishing, varnishing and
Value.

Humidity Woods are called
The ratio of the mass of water in this amount, by the mass of absolutely dry
Woods. For the manufacture of scenery applies air-dry wood with
Humidity 12 - 18%. Wood moisture for the manufacture of furniture and elements
Decorations designed for long-term operation should not exceed 12%.

A loss
Wood moisture is called sushkova. Scenery and elements of scenery,
Made of raw wood, with time dry and deform that
It may lead to the destruction of the entire design as a whole.

Phenomenon,
reverse sweep, - swelling - refers to negative properties
Woods.

Density Woods are
physical property associated with its mass and amount contained in it
moisture. Wood with a big density (Samshat, Bech, Maple, Pear) appreciate
Strength and good workability.

2. Mechanical
properties Woods characterize her ability to resist
The effects of external forces (loads). Mechanical properties include
Strength, hardness, deformation, viscosity.

Strength - material ability
resist destroying under the action of loads. In theatrical production of the best part of the structures
or elements are exposed to compression or bending. Wood strength limit
high enough.

Hardness called the ability
Woods resist the penetration into her solid bodies. By the degree of hardness
All tree species can be divided into three groups: soft (pine, spruce, alder,
cedar, fir, linden, ox), solid (birch, beech, elm, maple, ash) and very
Solid (acacia white, birch iron, ram, dogwood, making).

Deformation - Wood ability
Change your sizes and shape when exposed to efforts.

Viscosity, or plasticity,
call the ability of wood to change its form under the influence of effort and
Save it after the termination of their action. To increase the viscosity of wood
Space.

3.
Wood vices affecting its properties.

Pokoka Woods are
Changes in its appearance, disruption of the integrity of tissues and cellular shells,
improper structure of wood and damage, reduced quality and
Restricting applications. Classification of defects is due
GOST. The woods meet the following vices: bitch, cracks, shape patterns
Barrel, Wood structure Vices, Mushroom lesions, Wood damage
insects.

4. Products
from wood

In conditions
Theatrical production is used mainly sawn timber. Lumber
In the form of the transverse section are divided into:

—
Plates

—
Quarter

—
Brussia (two-circuit, four-mounted, purebred)

—
Boards (unedged, semi-cut, edged)

—
Mountains

Veneer - Thin leaves
Woods. Veneer is used as a facing material in the manufacture
Details and products of furniture, manufacture of glued layered wood, plywood.

Plywood - layered material,
Consisting of glued veneer sheets.

wood
Textiles Theater Scene

2. Metals and alloys

In practice
Theatrical production is widely used by metals and their alloys: steel, copper and
Its alloys, aluminum and its alloys in the form of rolled products. For the right choice
Metals need to know their physical, chemical, mechanical and
Technological properties.

1.
Physical properties
Metals and alloys. These properties include: density, temperature
Melting, thermal conductivity, thermal expansion, specific heat,
Electrical conductivity and ability to magnify.

Name of metal	Density, g / cm3	Melting temperature, 0s	Specific heat, Cal, (G.0s)	Thermal conductivity, Cal / s. * SM0S
Aluminum	2,7	660	0,21	0.48
Iron	7,86	1539	0,11	0,14
Copper	8,92	1083	0,09	0,98
Tin	7,31	232	0,055	0,16
Lead	11,3	327	0,031	0,084

2.
Chemical properties
Metals and alloys. These are the properties of metals and their alloys determining the attitude
to chemical impacts of various active media (oxidation, solubility,
Corrosion resistance). To protect the metals from oxidation, they are painted or
Covered with a protective layer of a different metal, resistant to corrosion.

3.
Mechanical properties
Metals and alloys. This ability to resist deformation and destruction when
The impact on them external forces and loads.

4.
Technological properties Metals
and alloys. Most important of them: workability, weldability, pitch,
Dimensions, liquid process.

5.
Sortman Metals and alloys,
consumed in the theater.

Most often
Use sheet varietal and tubular rental.

Sheet rental (Sheet
Steel) - hot-rolled and cold-rolled thin colostal steel.

In theatrical
Production is widely used steel Angular equestrian, thin-walled
Medium-sized pipes - seamless, cold-rolled and cold-drawn,
Precision, square, rectangular.

Colored metals and alloys
Find wide use in the theater due to a number of valuable qualities, among
which highlight increased plasticity, viscosity, electrical conductivity and
Corrosion resistance, which is very important in the manufacture and operation
Decorations. The theater is used by copper, aluminum and their alloys, for example
Brass - copper alloy with zinc, allowing to imitate valuable materials (gold,
bronze).

3. Textile materials

Textile materials - this is
Product of complex and labor-intensive production. All of them are obtained based on
fibers. To the main types of fibers from which textiles are manufactured
Materials include cotton fibers, wool, flax, silk, asbestos and
Artificial. Industry Processing Fibrous Raw Materials in
yarn, twisted products, and then in the fabric, curtain-tulle cloth and knitwear.

Fabrics - these are products
educated in the process of weaving production by weaving mutually
Perpendicular threads - longitudinal and transverse.

Gardino —tweet blights
- textile product without a woven base in which the openwork ornament is formed
As a result of the weave of the threads.

Tricat - knitted canvas (or
finished product) obtained from one or many threads forming loops and their
Mutual weave on a knitwear.

Textile
Fibers are divided by natural and chemical. To natural
These are fibers formed in nature. By origin
divided into:

—
vegetable (cotton, flax, jute);

—
animals (wool, silk);

—
Mineral (Asbest).

- the most important natural
fiber is an cotton - Slim, durable, hygroscopic
fiber. In the theater, cotton materials are used for manufacture
Theater costumes and scenery. They are well painted aniline
dyes.

For costumes
Fabrics are used that are well draped into folds, thin, such as a batter,
Woile smooth and bleached, Madapolam bleached, sitz, satin, chiffon
smooth and bleached.

For decorations
It is possible to recommend such materials as a hawk, canvas, Satin, Rez,
Sigor, flannel, bars of curtain, velvet gladcrophageed, gauze bleached.
Flannel, stern flannel with puff, velvet can be applied to tightening
hard structures and manufacture of soft elements of scenery in cases
When you need to create an original texture. Harsh, kirsa
two-layer smooth, cloth scoothes can be used for
The manufacture of theatrical rugs, since these materials have increased strength.
Tulle cotton applied as a base for applications.

TO
Plant fibers include fibers obtained from leaf stems, fruits
Plants. These fibers are very strong and compared with cotton significantly
Long. Yarn produced from vegetable fibers is very strong, but not
It may be so thin, like cotton fibers. The most subtle stem
Fiber - flax.

Linen and multiple
Fabrics are widely used in the manufacture of soft scenery and for tightening
Frame structures. Among them, the cloth is a sheet, the canvas is severe, the canvas
Theatrical, carpoon canvas, harsh, severe rheores,
Packing fabric, bag fabric.

From skella
cannabis, jute, kenaf, a canter get more coarse fibers going on
Production of coarse bags and tap fabrics, ropes and ropes.

—
Fiber
wool Long, but less uniform than in cotton, and less
Durable. Wool has a number of valuable qualities. She's elastic capable
return to the initial form after the termination of the force may
dilapidate. With special processing, wool can be turned into felt
or felt.

In the theatre
Wool applied mainly in costume products. To widely applicable
Next: Boston, Couples Costume, Flaghate, Cashmere Satrosky, Fabric
Shoe, cloth.

Silk —raw –
Thin threads obtained by unwinding cockeons of the caterpillars of a mulk silkworm.

In the theatre
The following silk fabrics are consumed: crest gorgery smooth and bleached,
Sristems, veil, velvet, gas-chiffon, Excelsior, Atlas, Moir Jacquard, Sarza
Lining, Poplin, Plush Gladonic, Rez Decorative, Takan
Decorative, blouse fabric, satin corset, furniture decorative fabric,
The canvas slightly, the fabric "metallic" and others.

—
TO
Mineral fibers belong asbestos . Asbesto does not burn, bad
Conducts heat, used for the manufacture of refractory fabrics. In the theatre
Used in the form of napkins and cloth as a protective agent protected
Separations from sunbathing when there are electrical extent near the bottom.

Chemical fiber - this is
Fibers obtained by chemical means. In modern chemical production
The fibers became one of the most important types of raw materials for the textile industry.
Chemical fibers are made in the form of continuous subtle threads and
are divided by artificial and synthetic.

Artificial (viscose fiber)
called fibers derived from natural materials available in nature
by dissolving them and reverse recovery after giving a mold solution
Threads of the desired thickness.

Synthetic (Loven, Nitron, Capron,
Caprolavsan, etc.) are called fibers resulting from a production
Process from non-truthing compounds.

Chemical
Fibers have increased strength, elasticity and resistance to action
acids and alkalis limiting the use of synthetic tissues in the theater, so
how do they paint badly, or do not take paint at all, or in the process
Painting is brewed.

Direct
Application of fabrics on the scene:

Backs
Scenic

View and number
scenic backs depends on the functional load that is intended
to do it. If the backset must close the screen, then it is better to make it in
fold or assembly of dense matte fabric, and accordingly strengthen it on
Eaves with sliding mechanism. If the stagestore is required for
solemn cases, then it is better to make a type of French curtains from soft
Plastic fabric.

ARZ
(Stage Anxissive Sliding Curtain)

Anxissive-sliding
The curtain is the main importance element of the scene. Smears from stage
Velvet, plush or other dense, falling beautiful fabric falda.

Harlequin

Usually
Harlequin is the most decorated element of clothing scene. Is made from the same
Fabrics that and the attractive-sliding curtain and is developed in a single style
solving with him. Harlequins are in the fold decorated at the bottom of the fringe can
be decorated with swags, ties, draperies, brushes, appliqués, one
In short, there is no restriction of designer capabilities.

Kulisi I.
Paduga

When choosing a fabric
For the manufacture of scene and holly, the main criterion is plasticity,
Drapery and wear resistance. After all, the scene is dressed, as a rule, once for several
years. Execution technique and selection of material for the Kulis and Pardoughes carrying
The visual function depends on the specific task of the artist. It may
to be unscreed canvas, burlap, gauze, assembled in a thick fold, scenic
or caught cloths, rigid frames, covered with tissues, various
genus and weave of cords, etc. etc.

Clothes scene
may carry a purely official function as a permanent scene framing
(This is the so-called "duty clothes") and be part
Decoration design of the performance. Depending on this, selected
Material, method of painting or pictorial processing.

For
making duty clothing apply good drapery and
Chemical color cotton, less often silk and woolen fabrics: various
cotton packaging fabrics, bike, messenkin, velvet, gearbarhat, rep
Sweat wool and some others. Duty clothing is painted in non-labor,
Neutral tones: gray, greenish, cream, etc. Special clothing group
The scene is a set of black velvet.

Like all
Fabrics going on making scenery, clothing material scene is impregnated
flame retardant, with the exception of velvet and silk, which are spoiled at
The effects of chemical reagents on them. For products from these fabrics is required
impregnated, fire-resistant lining.

4. Plastic masses

Plastics - These are complex
Multicomponent materials consisting of a binder, fillers,
Plasticizers, dyes, stabilizers and other additives.

Industry
produces many types of plastics, but in the theater found their application
Only some, since theatrical and entertainment and cultural institutions
It is prohibited to use decorations and scenic design made from
combustible synthetic materials, artificial fabrics and fibers (foam,
Porpówon, polyvinyl, perfume, etc.). It is possible to use only those materials,
which are based on components providing non-combustibility.

1.
Films . Widely used
Several types:

— Polyvinyl chloride
B-118.. Used for the manufacture of butafory

— Polyvinyl chloride
finishing - with an inflicted pattern, imitating valuable wood species,
Fabrics. In theatrical practice, it is used to make items of butaforia,
Furniture.

— Polyvinyl chloride
decorative finishing. Used for the manufacture of butaforia and
Decorations.

— Viniplastova.
Refers to non-combustible materials. For making decorations

— Polyethylene.
Can be used in the manufacture of butaforia, scenery

— Printing
foil - To simulate wood texture.

2.
Viniplast sheet .
Fought-made material. Applied to make decorations by the method
Vacuum molding

3.
Foams . The easiest
Materials from all plastics.

— Styrofoam
tile - Rigid white plastic white or light yellow.
May be using for butaforia and small parts of the scenery

— Polyurene Foolder
(foam) - porous, elastic material. Theaters are allowed to use it
In small quantities for making small butaforia.

4.
Interest . In theatrical
Production is most often used vinylistering - flame retardant material:
Fabric base with polyvinyl chloride coating. This material
Used in scenery, butaforia, suit.

Group
Plastics also includes a modern outdoor scene covering. The highest quality
Outdoor coverage today is a scenic linoleum company Harlequin. A number of the most famous
The teams have already rated its high level:

—
United Kingdom - English National School of Ballet, Royal Academy
ballet, royal ballet (Covent Garden);

- Germany -
Friedrichstatpalast (Berlin), Mauche Opera (Berlin);

- Netherlands
- Academy of Dance (Rotterdam);

- Ukraine -
Kiev Opera and Ballet Theater, Opera and Ballet Theater, Odessa;

- USA -
New York City ballet;

- Sweden -
Swedish royal ballet;

- France -
Ballet Monte Carlo, Opera Garnier and Bastilly, Lyon Opera;

- Russia -
State Academic Big Theater of Russia, Mariinsky Academic
Theater, State Academic Small Theater, Perm Opera Theater and
Ballet, Perm Choreographic School

There is 8.
species of this coverage:

1. Coating Harlequin Allegro / ALLEGRO for
Styling on the hard frame

Allegro -
Specially designed coverage for use in dance halls with
tight base. Rolled on any solid foundations, including
Concrete, Allegro, creates a thick "semi-drawing" surface.

Designed to create a semi-drawing, removable dance floor

Reduces
Fatigue and risk of dancing injury

Reduces noise

Strengthened
Fiberglass for strength

I.
Lies Rivne

Saves
Dimensions, including with strong scene lighting

On all
Service life retains high quality and reliability

Long term
Services

Structure

1
Non-slip protective layer

2
Supporting a layer

3.

4. Substrate
on a foamed basis with a closed structure

Specification:

Roll length
10 m, 15 m, 20 m, 25 m

Width
rolls 1.5 M.

Thickness 8.5mm

Weight 6 kg / m2

Colors Black gray

Application

Coating for
Dancing free styling for aerobics halls or as a permanent cover
in dance studios.

2. Coating Harlequin Fiesta / FIESTA for
Clear and "shock" dances

Fiesta
Designed for such clear and "shock" dances like a checklist, Irish dance and
etc. Due to the solid surface and realistic to immiminate the oak board
Fiesta can serve as an original alternative to traditional parquet floors in
Dance salons and dramatic studios.

Increased
Density for "shock" dances

Realistic Impression Oak Parquet

Structure

1. Transparent
Protective layer

2. Film S.
Picture

3. Durable
Polyester substrate

Specification:

Roll length
20 m, 25 m

Width
rolls 2 meters

Thickness 2 mm

Weight 3 kg / m2

Colors Printed film "under
Oak parquet "

3.
Coating
Harlequin Studio / Studio for
temporary or constant laying

Non-slip
Surface - no additional fastener required

Wear-resistant and solid floor

Fast
rolled and smoothly lies

Black or
Gray matte surface does not reflect the lighting of the scene

Passes
Bactericidal processing

overwhelming
Development of microorganisms

Foamed
The base allows the use of a coating on solid surfaces, reduces the risk
Injuries and noise

A light weight
Allows you to use the studio in touring trips

Can
Used for temporary and constant laying

Saves

Structure

1.
Anti-slip wear-resistant layer.

2.
Supporting layer.

3. Reinforcing
Fiberglass layer.

4. Foamed
The base of a closed structure

Specification

Roll length
10 m, 15 m, 20 m, 25 m, 30 m

Width
rolls 1.5 M.

Thickness 3 mm

Weight 2.3 kg / m2

Colors Black, gray, white

Application

May be
used for stationary styling in dance classes and on scenes, and
Also as a removable tour.

4. Harlequin DUO / DUO
bilateral

Duo is
Bilateral flooring. Two colors in one. With a thickness of 1.25 mm and
1.5 meters width (& 2 m), Duo is easy to handle and transport. Despite
On the low weight of DUO Ideally falls on any solid smooth surface,
For example, a female scene.

Non-slip dance surface

Fast
Smooth laying

Rolls 1,5
M width and 1.25 mm thick is light and easy to handle

High
wear resistance and long service life

Bilateral coating convenient in touring trips

Both sides
Identical according to the characteristics

Additional design features of the scene due to two colors of one coating

Two sexes
Price one

Structure

1 & 2.
Bilateral anti-slip layer PVC.

Colors:

A.
Dark gray / light gray (roll width 2 m)

B. Black / gray (width
Rolls 1.5 m & 2 m)

C. Black / White (Width
Rolls 1.5 m & 2 m)

D. Red / Blue (width
rolls 2 m)

E. Dark Gray / Caramel
(Roll width 2 m)

F. Nut / beige
(Roll width 2 m)

G. Green / Yellow (Width
rolls 2 m)

Specification:

Roll length
10 m, 15 m, 20 m, 25 m, 30 m

Width
Rollov 1.5 m & 2 m (indicated above)

Thickness 1.25.
MM.

Weight 1.6 kg / m2

Application

Suitable for
Most dance styles for halls and scenes. Proven itself as excellent
Tour coating due to the ease of laying and a short weight. Roll
Duo on any solid and smooth base, connect the joints with ribbon and your gender is ready
For performance.

5. HARLEQUIN CASCADE COATING / CASCADE for
Intensively loaded scenes

Cascade
Offers the "ideal" surface for ballet, jazz or modern dance.
Designed for temporary or constant laying, has an increased
wear resistance and anti-slip properties in combination with soft, silky on
Skin surface.

Ideal
Non-slip Scene Coating

Adds
confidence dancers, creating a soft feeling of warmth

Strong
Reliable coating for use in the toughest conditions

May be
Quickly deployed, while maintaining the evenness and rectinence of seams

Passes
Bactericidal processing of the overwhelming development of microorganisms

Can
applied in free laying or fixed

Saves
Linear dimensions - not sitting and not stretched

Structure

1. Uniform
PVC with a special dance surface.

2.
Enhancement layer of fiberglass.

3. Layer
Uniform PVC.

Specification:

Roll length
10 m, 15 m, 18 m, 20 m, 25 m

Width
rolls 2 meters

Thickness 2 mm

Weight 2.6 kg / m2

Colors Black, gray, white

Application

Professional
Dance coating for use on intensively loaded scenes.

6. Harlequin Showfloor / Showflore for
scenes with low passability

Showflora -
Multilayer monochrome vinyl flooring with thin foamed
The base, reinforced by a layer of fiberglass. Exactly and quickly stacked gender in
Combined lightweight is used in demonstration halls, on the podiums,
Scenes with replacement of scenery.

Fiberglass provides accurate preservation of sizes, without stretch marks and
deformations

Fast
Laying and coating

I.
Lies Rivne

Foamed
The base reduces the noise and creates leg comfort

A light weight
in combination with trauma

Transparent
The protective layer of vinyl is practically not engaged

Fast
Cleaning and removing connecting tapes

Structure

1. Transparent
PVC layer protecting color film

2.
Enhancement layer of fiberglass

3. Tight
Foamed base

Specification:

Roll length
20 m, 25 m

Width
rolls 2 meters

Thickness 1.8.
MM.

Weight 1.5 kg / m2

Colors White, light gray,
Gray, Dark Gray, Black

Application

For scenes S.
low passability: exhibition stands, podiums, shows, television studios.

7. Harlequin TEMPO / Temo for
Modern dance

Temo
Ideally meets the requirements of modern dance. Slightly thicker than gamma
Studio, Temo protects dancers from the rigidity of the base, smoothes irregularities
Black floor, and has a wear-resistant surface layer.

Provides
Necessary shock absorption on hard grounds

Thanks
Thickness smoothes irregularities

Structure

1. Painted
Protective layer PVC

2.
Fiberglass

3.
Calendered supporting layer

4. Foamed
Foundation with a closed structure

Specification:

Roll length
20 m, 25 m

Width
rolls 2 meters

Thickness 3.7.
MM.

Weight 3,13.
kg / m2.

Colors Black gray

8. HARLEQUIN STANDFAST / Standfast
Multifunctional for constant laying

Standfast
Designed as a multifunctional particular wear-resistant coating for
Scenic sites with high load. Great for classic,
modern, jazz and drum dances (Irish, flamenco, ...), as well as
as a constant stage coating for dramatic theaters,
Concert and multifunctional halls.

Fully
It is glued to the base, the seams are welded, forming a smooth surface.

Non-slip surface

Constant
Laying

Multifunctionality

High
Wear resistance

Structure

Homogeneous
PVC with a special - non-slip surface for dancing.

Specification

Roll length
15m.

Width
2m rolls

Thickness 3mm.

Weight 3,98
kg / m2.

Colors Black, light gray,
Gray, dark gray fire rates - B1, according to DIN 4102-1

Conclusion

This report considered the most common
Applied materials for scene design. From this we can conclude,
that there are a huge amount in the world. To make the right choice in
favor of this or that material, we need to know what a finished product we
We want to obtain as a result, the properties of certain materials and their advantages
Friend in front of each other.

___________________________

Perm State Institute of Art and Culture
Department of Directuring theatrical Representations and Holidays

on the subject of the equipment and technology scene
The main materials used in the design of the productions. Natural and synthetic fabrics

Performed: student c. RTP-31
Faculty of culturalology
Nekrasova Maria
Checked: teacher
Soft V.A.
Perm - 2010.

In order for the production to be successful, it is important not only to choose the right to choose the actors. The atmosphere on the stage also create scenery. It can be said that decoraticles as many years as the theatrical art, because even at first, various props were used.

Hard and soft scenery

Decorations are two types:

• hard.

Rigid designs are conditionally divided into flat and volumetric, but in fact the varieties are much more. The scenery can be played and used by actors during the performance. For example, various stairs, fences, tables can be used during the production. Non-Friendly scenery simply serve as a static background and create an atmosphere, entourage.

Rigid scenery is made mainly of wood and duralumin. For wooden structures, you choose inexpensive, but durable wood of coniferous rocks. In some cases, the production of decorations is appropriate to use light metals.

Soft scenery produced from tissues, they can be smooth, draped, scenic, or contain applications. Velvet, canvas and tulle are the most popular materials on the stage. Also today for the production of products use synthetics and non-woven materials. They are practical and create the desired effect.

There are many ways to create theatrical scenery, they were developed by centuries. Today, there is nothing fundamentally new in the scenography - everything was already invented in advance. However, new materials and technologies appear in the art of decoration.

Decoration on stage, as a rule, multi-layered. This is not only a background behind the actors, but also all the necessary inventory. Even curtain and scenes are attributed to scenery.

Requirements for inventory

Quality scenery comply with several important requirements. It is important that they can be easily assembled and disassemble without losing the properties of materials. There are complex products in the manufacture of the product, however, ideally the scenery should be simple in production. Then, when breakdown, the product can be quickly restored.

Decorations need to be stored, and it is desirable that they do not take too much space. Therefore, among the important qualities of the designs - portability and mobility. Also scenery should be light and durable. This is not always possible in the production of rigid props. However, soft scenery comply with these requirements for 100%. To make them even easier, modern materials began to use for decorations.

The scenery is used on the stage for many years. In addition, they can temporarily post in stock and even transported to other cities. Therefore, these strict requirements are presented to the products.

If the design does not differ practicality, then its operation will require regular expenses. Decoration will have to be repaired, disassemble, order transportation in special conditions. It is possible that such an inventory in theaters use, but in rare cases when there are no alternatives.

Practical scenery does not require excess costs and do not lose their properties for many years. In some cases, in the production of the product it is worth overpaying and order a design from more expensive materials if it extends its service life. However, with the advent of synthetics and non-woven materials, theaters can no longer overpay in the manufacture of decorations.

How to create decorations

The scenery is created by the preliminary sketch. The sketches do, working in detail each of the scenes. At the same time take into account all the details. The main scenery in scenes - the background, after it are subject to entourage, surrounding participants in the action. The scene begins to work with ready-made sketches, it creates a preliminary layout. The layout is not yet scenery, it is only a model.

Having created the layout, you can determine how accurately the size of the product is defined. In some cases, it is necessary to make adjustments. That is why decorations create only after making a test layout. The drawing on the design is caused by an artist, for the actions of which the director is watching.

After preparation of the layout, the product is sent to a specialized workshop, where they produce scenery. Here we create the final product - the product that will be decorating the scene. The layout that is sent for production is usually a reduced copy of the scenery. Before the masters there is a task to reproduce the design in an enlarged size. Soft theatrical scenery sometimes create not easier than solid - it all depends on the peculiarities of the product. Some scenery have many complex elements.

1. Types of decorations on constructive qualities

The artistic image in the scenography, as mentioned in the previous chapter, consists of very many components, here we will look at the structural components of the scenographic image. Historically, a whole typology of decorative solutions of theater structures. The design is the inner base, the skeleton on which the expressive part of the design is held. Of course, the constructive part also has its own expressiveness, but this quality is not determining. Typology according to the constructive qualities of theatrical scenery considers it as a carrier element, and not as expressive. But without it, it is impossible to ensure expressiveness. First of all, the scenery is divided into two large groups by the nature of the materials from which they are executed.

First Group - soft scenery . They represent the design of the scene made of materials that do not have their own internal structural base, so they are suspended. These scenery are performed from various fabrics, thin plastics, grids, ropes, chains of all that can not stand in itself, and should be attached to anything. Soft scenery have their own varieties.

Cutting scenery There may be detachable and lifting-arched. The detachable scenery is made up of three parts for each plan (two scenes and one hp). The depth of the scene ends with a backbone - a large cloth-haired parallel ramp, or a horizon hanged semicircle or in the form of a trapezoid (in terms of). The scenery scenery hangs strictly symmetrically.

In the theatrical performances of the baroque, classic, romantic and realistic theater, they signed, were carried out from a variety of fabrics. The painting most often portrayed various architectural spaces. In order for the viewer to have the impression that the inside has vertical walls and horizontal ceilings, painting for each plan was necessarily highlighted, so as to "kill" the shadows of the previous Kulis and Padug. This work of light helped create the illusions of the frontal palace interiors. Lifting and arched scenery is hung over each plane plan in the form of a bracket, which are also accompanied by a backdrop or horizon. Lifting and arched scenery samples and depict architecture. They are also illuminated for each plan to level the shadows and create the illusion of severe architectural structures.

Gardens, parks, forests are depicted on the scene using a grid that cuts out in a form resembling the letter "g". Two opposite scenes of such a form decorate the applique deploying trees and bushes with thick foliage, made of various materials from the transparency. Such stems are postponed very often (after 20 cm), and with proper lighting create an impression of brightly lit clearing in the forest through the foliage, which, shields the sun. These scenery are complemented by butt bushes, hemps, walkways and rug, decorated under the grass. The backdrop or the horizon depict the depth of the forest, the road, the bank of the river ... The scenery arose in the Renaissance era and are still being improved.

Registration in Sukna. This type of decorations is relatively young, originated at the end of the XIX century. It was a time when there were many mystical stories in the theater, fabulous plots, where the character was needed unexpectedly and quickly "arise" or "disappear." Here the fabrics (and at this time the cloth was very widely used), hang out completely arbitrarily in the scene space. Symmetry is not obligatory. Fabrics can also depict interiors, and landscapes, and various fabulous reality. This weighing scenery helps suddenly arise and disappear between the folds. In addition, the abundance of folds on the stage did it more parade, elegant, decorative, that for the stylistry of modern, which prevailed at this time was necessary.

Hard scenerythere are ancient times, some of them existed in the ancient theater. They differ in ability to carry the weight of the actor, props, butaforia. To do this, they have the necessary strength, stability, do not require additional supporting devices, are capable of themselves to reliably stand on the scene.

Cutting scenery Install the same as soft scenes, symmetrically, and by plans. They are screens that can be like simple rectangular and complex in shape, depicting architecture details, bushes and so on. Screens can be in the form of triangular prisms rotating around their axis. Each line of such a prism carries a special image. The rotation of these prisms allows you to change the picture on the scene. In some performances, the screen was replaced with snack machines, which are subframes missing through the tablet scenes through special gaps, and in the hold moved along their own metal road. Such snub machines allowed to make a decoration with a height of up to five meters and withstand the weight of the actor. The movement of the rolling machines significantly enriches the image of the performance.

Pavilion.This type of scenery appeared to serve the realistic theater. After raising the curtain, the viewer saw an ordinary room with furniture, chandeliers, windows, doors, paintings, mirrors. The walls of this room are a system of subframes, covered with cloth painted under wallpaper or overlapped wallpaper. Some of the subframes are mounted window or doorways with suspended windows and doors. So that the subframes do not fall, with the rear side of them they are attached slopes in the form of rectangular triangles, which provide the vertical of the "wall" of the pavilion. Usually the pavilion scenes are installed in the form of a trapezoid (in terms of) of the three components. Fourth wall mirror scene. But there are pavilions made up of two walls and ceiling. The walls are installed with a blunt angle (in terms of) and create not very deep gaming space. The "ceiling" of the pavilion can also be a system of subframes, but in many cases, it is just a fabric that is fixed on a bar, located behind the arquin, and throws over the "walls" from above. Then it is stretched and fixed for "handbones" on the back of the "walls" subframes.

Installation (Design) -the youngest and most common, today, type of scenery. It was formed in the 20s of the twentieth century, the first finished installation option was presented in the play "Genuine Cardridge" Sun. Meyerhold in 1922 (artist L. Popova).

Installation (another design name), is a rigid construction on the scene from any sufficiently light and hard material. Installation is not removed during the entire presentation. Her features:

a) several levels in height, which is necessary, firstly, to enrich plastics of actors, secondly, for a more proportional solution to the height of the scene mirror, thirdly, to enhance the expressiveness of the scenographic image;

b) the symbolic nature of the appearance expressing the idea of \u200b\u200bcomedy. In the formulation of the "generous cuckold" installation depicts the "undressed" mill mechanism laid on the side, which ironically symbolizes the "anatomy" of bourgeois love;

c) Installation is a valid scenery that claims to become a character. In the given example, a small yellow wheel of the installation begins to rotate in the string, the development of action leads to the rotation of a large red wheel, and the rotation of the largest mill flywheel begins at the time of climax. This rotating background "leads" the emotions of the viewer.

Installation does not need to be confused with a layout. The layout is an imitation of the subject (porch, hillock), it can also be with several levels, is able to bear heavy loads. There are even existing layouts imitating the effect of the object that they depict. But the layout never carries the symbol.

Projection decorationsappeared along with the opening of electricity and are used in the theater from the beginning of the twentieth century. The projection scenery of the cheap, mobile, can easily disappear, change the other picture. The projection scenery is good for mystical performances, play fairy tales. The projection decoration is a projection of the image of the landscape, the interior, which is either the subject needed by action. In realistic performances, it can replace the risky performance of actors, for example, life-threatening flights, falls are a moving projection image. This type of decorations is widely used in combination with other types. For example, it replaces part of the interior on the scene, or part of the landscape. Projection decoration requires a very clear technical organization. The direction of the projection ray and the work of light on the stage should be particularly adjusted so that there is no image to illuminate the image, not necessary reflexes and shadows. This type of scenery does not allow a large amount of light on the scene. In recent decades, it turned out the use of several projections in decoration, both theatrical performances and concerts of various scales. At the beginning of the XXI century, holographic projection scenery appeared. They show quite convincingly the illusion of the volume of the subject. This image can be moving. This type of scenery has a great future.

Volumetric scenery.This term on the stage call the simultaneous use of any soft and voluminous hard scenery.

2. Describe the optical and psychophysical effect of orange and blue colors.