How to open a museum from scratch: a business plan with calculations. Museum of Bread Culture
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With dozens of life-size sculptures, this incredible underwater museum is used as artificial coral reefs for local flora and fauna.
2. Museum of Hermann Boerhaave. Leiden city, Netherlands
Before becoming a museum dedicated to human mutations, before mutations were a great discovery in medicine, botany and physiology, this building was a simple hospital. Now in it you can see the collection of Sebald Justinus Brygmans, which includes jars, test tubes and all sorts of mutations in them.
3. Momofuku Ando Instant Noodle Museum. Osaka city, Japan
5. Museum of Divorce. City of Zagreb, Croatia
Every item in this collection - be it Wedding Dress or even an ax - has its own history in the final stage of a failed relationship.
6. Museum of Bad Art. Beston, Massachusetts
This museum exhibits works famous artists that went awry, as well as strange copies of other artists' paintings.
7. Museum of the Sewerage of Paris. City of Paris, France
Believe it or not. But this museum dedicated to the sewers of Paris was founded in the Paris sewers in 1800, and it still operates today. It presents many historical exhibits and not necessarily on the topic of its name.
8. Museum named after Mutter. City of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
This museum boasts hundreds of skull and skeletal specimens showing numerous pathologies in the human structure.
9. Museum of Dog Collars. Kent city, England
This museum contains accessories for best friend man in five centuries.
10. Museum of Death. Los Angeles, California, New Orleans, Louisiana
According to its founders, the museum was founded in 1995 "so that visitors could find out the whole truth hidden from them in the media regarding some events related to the death or murder of people." The museum does not offer tours. Each visitor can independently inspect everything, which will take about an hour.
The museum itself, in addition to numerous autopsy documents, videos and photographs from the crime scenes, also contains the head of Bluebeard, a French serial killer.
11. Vent Heyvan Museum. Fort Heivan, Kentucky
This museum has collected an incredible collection of posters and photographs that describe the history of talking dolls. It is worth a visit only if you are not confused by the look of hundreds of dolls watching you from the very beginning to the end of the entire visit to the museum.
12. Museum of paintings "Cat's House". City of Amsterdam, Netherlands
This museum has collected an incredible collection of sculptures, paintings and other utensils about cats. All of them indicate that these hairballs are an integral part of human life.
13. Museum of Bread Culture. Ulm, Germany
Despite the fact that this museum has collected 16,000 relics associated with baking, there are almost no examples of baking or recipes for it in this museum.
14. House of Winchesters. San Jose, California
In 1884, the house was acquired by Sarah Winchester, the widow of William Winchester, son of Oliver Winchester, the inventor of the famous rifle.
After the death of her husband, Sarah was in an audience with a medium in Boston who "communicated with the spirit of her late husband." The spirit of the deceased allegedly reported that the misadventures of Sarah (the death of her only daughter shortly after birth, relatively early death William) are associated with the fact that the family bears the curse of those killed by a rifle created by his father. In order to avoid further problems, the woman must build a special house in which the spirits cannot harm her. The widow bought this house and spent almost all of her millions on rebuilding it.
15. Museum of British Lawn Mowers. Southport, England
Not only are there 200-year-old lawn mowers in this museum, but visitors are also allowed to try out the lawn mowers used by Princess Diana and Prince Charles.
16. Museum of Jurassic Technology. City of Los Angeles, California
The name of the museum has nothing to do with dinosaurs. A whole collection of scientific and artistic curiosities is presented here.
According to the director of the Smithsonian Institution, “Museums like this, unlike most others, are very important because they show the history of development scientific technology than ignite people's interest in science ”.
Despite the fact that some of the exhibits, such as the decaying bones of Russian dogs Belka and Strelka, are fake, the guides still expose them as genuine. Visitors have a lot to discuss with each other.
17. Art Museum of Barney Smith. City of San Antonio, Texas
Retired plumber Barney Smith has created over 1,000 pieces of art on toilet lids. At first, for 10 years, he collected his works in his old garage, but when journalists found out about his collection and crowds of people began to come to him, the garage was rebuilt into a real museum.
25. Te-Papa-Tongareva National Museum (Wellington, New Zealand)
swancraig / instagram.comThe National Museum of New Zealand focuses on the history of the island nation and the culture of its indigenous Maori population. Nature lovers will be pleased with the huge collection of dinosaurs, birds, fish, insects and even mythical creatures- for example, orcs. And all because it was in New Zealand that Peter Jackson filmed the famous film trilogy "The Lord of the Rings".
24. Museum of Latin American Art (Buenos Aires, Argentina)
elmomentos / instagram.com The exposition of the museum is mainly devoted to the works of Latin American art of the XX century: on the ground floor there are works modern masters, and on the second - more early painting... Almost all of the exhibits are owned by the Argentine philanthropist Eduardo Constantini.
23. Museum of Terracotta Warriors and Horses (Xi'an, China)
marco_richard / instagram.com The Great Wall and the Terracotta Army are some of the most recognizable symbols China, the construction of which took place during the reign of Qin Shi Huang, the first emperor of the unified Chinese state. In them, the powerful ruler saw the stronghold of the security of his country and the continuation of personal power in underworld... It is noteworthy that among the figures there are no identical warriors: they all differ in rank, weapons used and facial expressions.
22. Yad Vashem Holocaust Memorial (Jerusalem, Israel)
riemreim / instagram.com The Holocaust Memorial Complex is located on Mount Herzl in the western part of Jerusalem. Eternal memory of the catastrophe and tribute to all fighters against fascism.
21. National Gallery of Art (Washington, USA)
kinelu_norway / instagram.com The complex consists of a sculpture garden and two buildings connected by an underground passage. The museum collection showcases myriad works of art from different eras and styles. By the way, a considerable part of the exhibits are the masterpieces of the Hermitage, bought by American connoisseurs of beauty from the Soviet authorities.
20. Inhotim (Brumadinho, Brazil)
daniborgesf / instagram.com Art objects under the canopy of pristine forests? Why not! Items in the Brazilian park-museum contemporary art placed right under open air... Of course, there are also closed exhibition centers most of different nature... Bright Inhotim is often called "Disneyland for adults".
19. Ricardo Brennand Institute (Recife, Brazil)
clarisseconde / instagram.com The cultural center is owned by Brazilian collector Ricardo Brennand and includes a museum, art gallery, library and park. A large number of exhibits are dedicated to the colonial era of Brazil. Of particular interest to tourists is the impressive collection of weapons.
18. National Air and Space Museum (Washington, USA)
truelifeandrewe / instagram.com The Smithsonian Research Center is a real outlet for those who, for whatever reason, cannot become a pilot or. Unique specimens of real airplanes and spacecraft are collected under the high arches of the museum.
17. Getty Center (Los Angeles, California)
j89_story / instagram.com The Getty complex will delight its visitors amazing architecture with stunning views of Los Angeles. The museum displays works by European photographers, sculptors and painters. The adjacent park is famous for the unique murmur of its waterfall. Within the walls of the research institute, training sessions and exhibitions are held.
16. Pergamon Museum (Berlin, Germany)
pixiprol / instagram.com The exposition of the museum is divided into three blocks: the collection of antiquities, the Museum of Islamic Art and the Near East Museum. Here are presented monumental works of architecture, sculpture, mosaics, relief and writing with a very difficult fate. The fact is that the bombing of Berlin during the Second World War touched the Pergamon Museum, as a result of which part of the collection was transported and has not yet been returned.
15. National Museum of World War II (New Orleans, USA)
kayaknola / instagram.com The opening of the museum was timed to coincide with the 56th anniversary of the strategic landing operation in France in 1944. The atrium of the building displays military equipment that contributed to the victory of the Allies in World War II.
14. Academy of Fine Arts (Florence, Italy)
theadventuresofhp / instagram.com Within the walls of the first painting academy in Europe, you can see world-famous objects of art, for example, "David" by Michelangelo. Don't like sculpture? Anyway, do not pass by: tourists, who adapt in an original way to the naked stone bodies, will greatly amuse you.
13. Vincent Van Gogh Museum (Amsterdam, Netherlands)
beatricedelatorre / instagram.com The beautiful has no price, but we have heard more than once about the fabulous sums for which the paintings of the famous Dutch post-impressionist painter are sold. In addition to the works of the master himself, the museum exhibits works by his equally famous contemporaries: Paul Gauguin, Claude Monet, Pablo Picasso.
12. British Museum (London, UK)
clovismmmmartine / instagram.com For centuries, colonists from British empire discovered the most secret corners of the planet and grabbed interesting "souvenirs" from there, which later became exhibits of the second most visited museum in the world. Huge collection covers the most different eras, culture and arts.
11. New Acropolis Museum (Athens, Greece)
antonisv_ / instagram.com The complex, expensive and protracted construction of the museum was due to two interrelated reasons. At first, greek history accumulated an excessive amount of artifacts. Secondly, the British did not want to return the stolen historical and cultural values in any way, referring to the fact that there is nowhere to display and store them. In the end, I still had to give.
10. National Museum of Anthropology (Mexico City, Mexico)
mjtraynor / instagram.com The culture of the indigenous peoples of Mesoamerica is shrouded in a haze of fantasy, ideas of their bloodthirstiness and unprecedented wealth. How true all this is, you can appreciate in the main museum in Mexico, which displays the ancient values of such powerful civilizations of the past, such as the Maya or the Aztecs.
9. Vase Museum (Stockholm, Sweden)
carolmorenot / instagram.com The most visited museum in Scandinavia was built around the ship "Vasa", which belonged to the Swedish fleet of the 17th century. This is the oldest combat ship that has survived to this day. And, oddly enough, a very quick wreck during his maiden voyage helped him withstand the test of time. Submerged in low salinity waters, the ship was not eaten by sea worms.
8. Rijksmuseum (Amsterdam, Netherlands)
ilyusheen / instagram.com The central place in the exposition of the museum, founded in 1808 by Louis Bonaparte, is occupied by paintings by Dutch masters of painting of the 15th – 19th centuries. For example, here is placed “ The night Watch»Rembrandt - a canvas measuring 363 by 437 cm, which is famous for its difficult history with attempts at destruction, a mass of mysteries and several references in the cinema.
7. London National Gallery (London, UK)
alexandralaoun / instagram.com The art gallery receives about 6.5 million tourists annually. More than two thousand paintings are exhibited in chronological order, which helps the untrained viewer to follow the development Western European painting starting from the XIII century.
6. State Hermitage (St. Petersburg, Russia)
smarishca / instagram.com Mecca for all guests Northern capital Russia, with a mind-boggling number of exhibits, unimaginable decoration, as well as representations throughout the country and abroad.
5. Louvre (Paris, France)
lucashunter8 / instagram.com Trying to unravel the smile of "La Gioconda" through the lens of a smartphone is the sacred duty of every guest of Paris. To do this, you have to look into the most popular art museum in the world. However, before your date with Leonardo da Vinci's canvas, you will have a photo session with a glass pyramid - the main entrance to the Louvre.
4. Prado National Museum (Madrid, Spain)
g.tom87 / instagram.com Along with the striking works of art belonging to the masters of the Flemish, English, German and French schools, the museum, of course, keeps the richest collection of paintings Spanish painters... Admirers of El Greco, Velazquez and Goya will be delighted.
3. Art Institute of Chicago (Chicago, USA)
jarestillo / instagram.com The museum is also the highest artistic educational institution USA, which educated creators such as Walt Disney. Of course, there are many examples of American art among the exhibits.
2. Orsay Museum (Paris, France)
philippeuter / instagram.com The collection of the museum is located in the building of the former railway station. In addition to a rich selection of Impressionist and Post-Impressionist works, visitors can enjoy wonderful views of the Parisian Seine here.
1. Metropolitan Museum of Art (New York, USA)
2.10.6 / instagram.com In the "Big Apple" there is no place for an apple to fall, and then there are still millions of visitors running from one sight of the city to another in order to get acquainted as soon as possible. The Metropolitan Museum will not work quickly: even a cursory acquaintance with some of the "motley" exhibits will take many hours.
Have you ever been to an interesting museum? Let us know in the comments.
As one of the ways of income from the category "for the soul" can be called organizing your own museum, moreover, on a wide variety of topics.
Let's make a reservation right away that private museum can become a commercial project only if certain conditions are met:
1. Unique, unbroken theme;
2. Location in tourist areas; The most profitable are private museums in places of tourist recreation; For example, in small villages on the Black Sea coast. This is explained by the fact that tourists are attracted to these places by the opportunity to relax on the sea, but since the villages are small, the package of entertainment for tourists is usually very modest. In fact, only on vacation are people ready to take full advantage of every minute and, accordingly, spend a lot of money on leisure; One disadvantage of this orientation of a private museum is seasonality.
3. The museum must be part of another commercial project; For example, you are engaged in some kind of craft, make unusual souvenirs... In this case, you can organize a museum of your work, combined with a craft store. Or you are the owner of the guest house on sea coast... In order to attract guests to yourself and provide them with high-quality leisure, you can completely organize an original museum on the territory of your hotel. There can be many variations. An accompanying income part of the museum, in addition to paying for visits, may be the collection of payment for photos with exhibits.
4. You can make the museum part of a commercial excursion program and collect payment from the organizers of the excursion route.
5. By certain days(for example, Friday, Saturday and Sunday) you can arrange spectacular thematic performances (on your own or with the participation of invited actors). E.g. museum medieval weapons and armor can organize impromptu knightly tournaments, etc. musical instruments before the visitors leave, you can play the organ with a parrot on your shoulder, collecting "donations". You can actively involve visitors in your performances.
6. To attract visitors, it is imperative to create his online business card, otherwise no one will simply know about him, and residents in the place of his location are unlikely to visit him regularly. The fact is that a museum is a specific entertainment facility, which is quite enough to visit only once, in some cases once a year. Thus, in order to generate income from museum activities, museum owners must take care of a constant influx of new visitors.
7. Ideally, to start such a project, you should already own a suitable premises, since the business is not stable, and the rent will need to be paid constantly.
Ideas for organizing private museums:
1. Fairy tale characters;
2. Museum of Folk Crafts;
3. Thematic museum of a certain era or people;
4. Product Museum: Museum of Chocolate, Handmade Soap, etc.
5. Museum with exhibits made from unusual materials (ice sculptures, museum wax figures etc.)
6. Museum of inventions and technical innovations;
7. Museum of private collections (paintings, records, bells, shells, etc.)
If you seriously intend to engage in this business, your activity should be registered in the appropriate organizational and legal form.
Suitable for registering museum activities OKVED code 92.52"Activities of museums and the protection of historical sites and buildings."
The most optimal taxation system for museum activities would be simplified taxation system at a rate of 6% on income.
In order to start applying it, you should submit an application for the application of the simplified taxation system when registering with the tax authorities.
In addition to ensuring the minimum tax burden, the simplified taxation system is attractive because there is no obligation to maintain accounting records and submit financial statements on time (no need to draw up a balance sheet, profit and loss statement, etc.).
Moreover, museum activities refers to preferential activities for application reduced rates of insurance premiums in the Pension Fund of the Russian Federation, the MHIF and the FSS (not 34% as for other organizations, but 26%).
Reduced rates of insurance premiums for the period 2011-2012 as part of:
- Pension Fund - 18%,
- FFOMS - 3.1%,
- TFOMS-2.0%,
- FSS - 2.9%.
We remind you that insurance premiums calculated from the salary of the museum staff.
The main conditions are: the use of the simplified tax system, income from museum activities should be more than 70%.
The museum is one of the types of entertainment business and an approach is also required to open it. Consider the main advantages and disadvantages of starting a business, the key success factors, as well as the financial performance of the business (cost structure and profitability). Let's analyze the choice of the form of organization legal entity for the opening of the museum. In this article, we will consider how to open a museum from scratch.
Advantages and disadvantages of opening a museum
The main target audience of the museum: children, students and youth under 30. There are many subspecies of the museum, targeted at its visitors. Consider key benefits and the disadvantages of starting a business.
| Advantages | disadvantages |
| Ease of opening | High rents for premises in the city center |
| Does not require a large number staff | Having expert knowledge in compiling a collection |
| A unique collection increases competitiveness and attractiveness for the target audience | Uneven distribution of visitors, most visitors are on weekends, on weekdays from 19: 00-22: 00 |
Many famous museums began their existence with private collections, for example: Tretyakovskaya picture gallery, Museum of Soviet slot machines in Moscow, a museum of vintage cars, etc. The museum can be created as a commercial organization with the aim of generating profit and its own financial support. If the museum envisages its functioning at the expense of external financing, donations and contributions of participants, the museum is registered as an NGO (non-profit association).
How to open a private museum from scratch: business registration, taxation
For registration in tax office private is created: individual entrepreneur or LLC. The table below analyzes the main benefits as well as required list documents for each form of business. When registering according to OKVED, choose the main activity:
92.52- "Activities of museums and the protection of historical sites and buildings"
| Business organization form | Benefits of using | Registration documents |
| SP ( individual entrepreneur) | Used to open a small narrow-theme museum (80-100m²). Number of staff 1-2 |
|
| OOO ( limited liability company) | Used to open large museum(> 100m²), attracting additional financing, scaling, capital construction |
According to law authorized capital LLC cannot be less than 10,000 rubles! |
The optimal choice of the taxation system for the museum will be the simplified taxation system (STS) with the accrual of tax on income with an interest rate of 6% (provided that more than 70% of income is generated by museum activities!).
In addition, the activities of museums are classified as privileged types and for them reduced interest rates for insurance contributions to the Pension Fund of the Russian Federation, the Social Insurance Fund and the MHIF 26%, while for other types of activities 34%.
How to open a museum from scratch?
This video describes in detail how to open a private museum using the example of the experience of Natalia Potapova, co-founder of the Museum of Entertaining Sciences "Experimentanium": what are the main difficulties in the opening process, how to do it without state support, etc.
Location and premises for the museum
A museum often requires large spaces and rooms from 300 to 1000 m². Large premises increase rents and business fixed costs. Especially rental costs are reflected in large cities: Moscow, St. Petersburg, Yekaterinburg, where in the city center the cost of 1m² starts from 10,000 rubles. The difficulty of opening a museum in the center makes it compete with business objects, offices with high rents. Therefore, museums often open in former industrial facilities: power plants (Tate Modern gallery in London), a winery (Winzavod museum in Moscow). If the premises are small up to 300m², then it will be economically more profitable to buy a premise, with large areas it is more profitable to rent.
Since museums belong to entertainment establishments, the location should be in places of recreation for residents or visits to tourists. An important feature when choosing the location of the museum, it is within walking distance, the closer it is to places of rest and a busy crowd of people, so it can attract large quantity visitors. Park areas are perfect, for example, Gorky Park in Moscow, where the husbands of contemporary art "Garage" and Central House Artist (Central House of Artists), next to VDNKh is the Museum "Cosmonautics", and next to the zoo "Moscow Planetarium". Majority cultural sites is located in the city center (more than 80% of museums in Moscow are located within the boulevard ring) and in close proximity to each other, which creates a cultural and entertainment cluster.
If you do not have the original premises, then you can make exhibitions of exhibits in the premises of other museums. To do this, you need to agree on the presentation of your collection and its advertising.
Museum staff
The main staff of the museum: an expert who keeps track of newly arriving exhibits, a guide, an accountant, a content manager who supports and fills the site. If the collection is aimed at foreign tourists, then the role of a guide who speaks English, German or Chinese is important. It should be noted that the museum's exhibits are accounted for in the accounting department as fixed assets and are not subject to depreciation.
There are many interesting museums and collections, we brought 5 interesting museums.
- International UFO Museum and Research Center (Roswell, New Mexico, USA) - was founded in 1991 and is a collection of photographs and UFO sightings. It is aimed at fans, science fiction writers and esoteric lovers.
- "Museum Star Wars"- Museum of Lovers and Admirers cult film"Star Wars".
- "Museum of Soviet Arcade Machines" - for everyone born in the USSR and feeling nostalgic for that time.
- "Museum of Bad Art" (USA, Massachusetts) - collected from exhibits that are not prohibited from being shown in other museums.
- "Museum of Boxing" - aimed at amateurs and professionals of boxing, opened in the Sports Palace of Jean-Claude Boutier in Sannois.
You can see that the success of the museum was due to its narrow focus on a specific target group: science fiction writers, amateurs movie Star Wars, athletes, residents of the USSR, etc. It is important to take a sufficiently large target group when creating your museum, this will ensure a constant flow of visitors.
Private museum costs
Initial investment costs for the opening of a private museum ~ 1,200,000 rubles. (furniture ~ 200,000 rubles, ~ shelving 100,000 rubles, showcases ~ 100,000 rubles, decoration and repair of the premises ~ 400,000 rubles, supply and exhaust ventilation ~ 500,000 rubles).
The greatest expenses of the museum for the compilation / purchase of copies of the collection!
Key fixed costs after the opening of the museum: rental of premises, including utility bills, wage, costs of maintaining the collection, promotion and advertising on the Internet, operating costs of printing and other insurance costs with the Pension Fund, FSS and MHIF. The main costs are for renting premises, therefore, in order to reduce costs, it is recommended to use: industrial facilities, basements, semi-basements in the city center. It is also recommended to create a reserve fund for payment of key costs (rent and salaries of employees) for one year in advance, this will allow to function even with unfavorable market changes and losses.
Business financial performance
The main time for visiting the museum is in the evening (19: 00-22: 00) on weekdays and weekends. This creates an uneven cash flow. The average bill to museums is 300-700 rubles, you can attract various discounts, promotions and bonuses for students and youth in daytime... The payback period for a private museum is 1.5-3 years. The monthly revenue of the museum is ~ 500,000 rubles, net profit minus fixed costs~ RUB 100,000
Assessment of business attractiveness by website magazine
| Business profitability |   (3.0 out of 5) |
Business attractiveness
|
| Payback of the project | (3.0 out of 5) |
|
| Ease of business creation |  (3.8 out of 5)
|
|
| Opening a private museum as a business will be successful only if you focus on a specific target audience(fans of Star Wars, athletes, boxers, born in the USSR, etc.) and a clear understanding of what they might be interested in and what excites them in the collection being created. Second important aspect this is the location of the museum, it is recommended to be located in the center of the city in places where people and tourists gather. The payback period for initial costs is ~ 1.5-3 years, depending on the size of the target audience. | ||
A museum is a special institution that stores monuments and objects that have their own unique story... Any museum begins with a collection, and the more original it is, the greater the interest in it. The main museum tasks include constant monitoring and analysis of the work of a particular museum. Modern museum technologies include several components:
- Museum exhibitions require a special approach to themselves, because they must be properly organized and planned.
- Equipment for storing exhibits.
- Museum climate. At low humidity or too high humidity, exhibits are deformed and their value is lost. All necessary hardware must be installed to prevent this.
- Museum showcases.
- Restoration equipment.
- Keepers.
- A concept is a document that will show the uniqueness of a given institution on the present stage... It consists of three main points: modernization, innovation and preservation of our own traditions.
To create new museum, it is necessary, first of all, to specifically identify its purpose, it will depend on it further development activities. You can combine several assignments, for example, tell the story of your city in a club of like-minded people. Then you need to choose a room where certain exhibitions will be held, it is better if it is a very crowded place, you can save on advertising. An important factor is the choice of working personnel (for the good functioning of the museum, at least four employees are needed). It is necessary to competently organize excursions in order to interest a larger number of people, and they began to bring their acquaintances here. But, one cannot do with excursions, interest in them quickly disappears, it is necessary to conduct creative evenings, meetings of like-minded people and various cultural events.
No museum can exist without constant funding. Therefore, it is necessary to find a rich like-minded person to solve this problem. It is necessary to prove the importance of this institution for the benefit of society and then things will go up, increasing profits. To create a museum that will constantly have visitors, you need to have a lot of experience in this area, otherwise a complete fiasco awaits it. This should be done by masters who know how to organize everything correctly and bypass competitors. Competent development trend modern museum- This is the creation of internal and near museum structures that create a single space. People who have visited the institution should receive a cultural common development.