Information communication technologies in museum pedagogy. New Museum Information Technologies

04.07.2020

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New Year's performance "Happy New Year, Luntik!

On the basis of our kindergarten, the work of the experimental site for the Museum and Pedagogical Program "Hello, Museum!" Was organized. The program was developed by specialists of the Russian Center for Museum Pedagogy and Children's Art of the Russian Museum.

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ICT in the implementation of the Museum - Pedagogical Program

"Hello, Museum!"

The purpose of this program is to orient the preschool preschool preschool children in the process of their admission to the domestic and world artistic values \u200b\u200bof the museum, on the formation of the foundations of artistic and visual culture. Fine art is considered in the program as an integral part of spiritual and material culture that embodies all the variety of ideals, artistic and moral values \u200b\u200bof various eras and cultures.

The program is focused not only on the traditional tasks of the formation of artistic culture and the aesthetic experience of the child, mastering the skills of material and artistic activities, but also on the formation of the children of senior and preparatory groups of visual culture skills, the acquisition of the experience of "subsection". Let me remind you that "Museum Pedagogy" is an area of \u200b\u200bactivity that transfers cultural experience through the pedagogical process in the museum environment. The use of works of painting, sculptures, graphs, folk arts, as well as architectural monuments, provides a child with the opportunity to acquire a full artistic - aesthetic experience, which can help solve the tasks of education of tolerance and patriotism from preschoolers. The work is carried out on the material of the collections of Russian and other domestic museums, sights of the city, natural objects. For example, in the museums of St. Petersburg, special departments for working with preschoolers are created, where familiarization with the museum exhibits occurs during the game, because there is no child, even the most intellectual - developed, will not be a long-standing masterpiece for a long time, as adults do. Our city is not "museum", and in the only artistic museum there is no special department for children. If there are no appropriate conditions, program developers recommend using information and communication technologies.

We see that ICT in preschool museum pedagogy allows you to succeed in the implementation of tasks in these areas: first, to improve the research activities of children by the introduction of new information technologies; secondly, to create a museum fund for the forces of educators through the creation of an electronic museum; Thirdly, develop the communicative skills of children based on project activities; And, fourth, to form information culture skills in children.

The experience of integrating ICT in the museum pedagogy can be considered innovative. Our children grow in the digital world and, of course, the gap between the real interests of modern children and the traditions of art education in the modern world are increasingly deep. It is artistic education that supports creative impulses in the child, and besides it is closely connected with tactile sensations. In artistic education, both traditional means of visualization and the latest technologies are harmonized. How to effectively include these funds in creative development and training?

The task of actualization of artistic development can not be solved without the involvement of information and communication technologies.

For example, we can use modern technologies to visit the virtual excursion in the art gallery of the Russian Museum, watch a virtual exhibition and play games that are recommended by the program to use in kindergarten and in the museum.

I want to introduce you to some of these games:

- "Hidden thing" - Find the picture in the picture a certain object, flower or an animal and tell about it.

- "Enter the picture" - Children are invited to close their eyes and imagine that they are in the space of the selected picture, and then answer the questions: What did you feel, saw, heard who were met?

- "Guide" - the child tells himself about the selected work, and answers questions from other children.

- "Pick up the palette" - children are invited to choose the manufacturer of the reproduction of the work and from squares of different colors to choose those colors that are used in the picture.

"What we see will be played" - when viewed by the work, children are invited to distribute roles, come up with a short dialogue and play the depicted episode.

Thanks to these games, children are enriched by the experience of "30 perceptions", artistic perception is developing, the ability to emotionally respond, feel and understand the depicted, children's attitude towards the world of fine art

Now I want to introduce you to special sites designed to work with children in the framework of museum pedagogy, where there is a game, work of art and ... Computer. Unfortunately, the site of the Russian Museum, on the basis of which a program has been developed, issues information only about tours.

Of the domestic museum sites are most interesting in content, the principle of filing the material and in the educational component of the website of the State Hermitage. IBM in conjunction with the Museum staff, being developers of this electronic resource, transferred world standards of such Internet projects to Russian soil.

The site hosts a section that allows you to visit the virtual excursion using modern technologies, to watch the virtual exhibition, visit the three-dimensional image gallery.

The three-dimensional image gallery includes collections of objects that can hardly be considered in the museum as it is offered on the site. These are small objects of decorative and applied art, details of clothing, jewelry art.

Such an opportunity to practically "touch hands" Museum exhibit makes this section relevant especially for us who are geographically distant from the Hermitage.

We also applied to the experience of foreign educational portals dedicated to the topic of integration of art and ICT for education. Pixel Face and Collage Machine projects on the site of the children's educational center of the National Gallery of Washington are drawn to. In its content, these are ready-made software products for creativity at home or in class. So, Pixel Face is a program that allows using a variety of pixels (different in the rhythmic structure, in color, by module) to create a certain decorative canvas, the basis of which is a portrait of a well-known artist. Possible a choice of 4 portraits of different artistic styles. As a peculiar palette of tools, a library of various pixels, painting capabilities with a brushes-stamp, a tone selection function, eraser is proposed. In addition, the work received can be printed. For preschool children, such a program is interesting and useful, as it gives experience with a complex color stain with a rhythmic structure,

with a module, with a large range of color shades.

The following project - the Collage Machine project has a much greater potential for creative activities. This is a literally "collar machine." Work in this technique helps to acquire the first design skills, organization of the composition on the plane, allows you to concentrate on color symbols and color rhythms, features of colors interaction. The collage also makes it possible to mobile and productive development of various composite tasks. Also in this project laid tools (magnifier), allowing to move, change the level of transparency, bring the image. All these museum Internet are projects intended for the comprehensive development of children, once again confirm the ancient Chinese wisdom: "Tell me - and I will forget, show me - and I will remember, let me act myself - and I will learn." I want to emphasize that new technologies allow you to create innovative artistic products, participate in children in new forms of communication, learn to include modern communications to everyday life.

Also, there are many DVDs that bear cultural education. For example, the program "Hello, Museum!" He released the cycle of classes of the World Art Gallery "Lessons of Aunt Owls", which very much like children.

After acquaintance with the works of art, enriching the experience of the perception of picturesque works, the ability to observe, peering into natural phenomena, we move to independent creative activities of children, where we use traditional and non-traditional materials to work on drawings, collages, modeling. For example, the use of collage technique in the productive activities of preschoolers. At the first stage, we consider the collage, mark all the details. The second stage is analyzing, we allocate and discuss funds, a spatial location. The third stage is an independent activity of children.

One of the options for creative activities of children is to conduct integrated classes. For example, the lesson "Golden Autumn": we consider, we argue, create your work of art.

Pay attention to the advantages of using computer technologies in the professional activities of the teacher. Especially I want to allocate interactive interaction, communication in the information and educational space, which is very in demand today.

Analyzing innovative educational products created on the basis of ICT, one can identify several advantages of computer technology as learning tools. First of all, this is the possibility of a combination of logical and shaped methods for mastering information, the activation of the educational process by increasing visibility, interactive interaction, communication in information and educational space, and the latter, the child becomes not an object, but the subject of communicative communication with the educator, which is important The moment in the pedagogy of cooperation.

Thus, the experience of using interactive technologies is very interesting for us, adults and, of course, for children.

It is still early to talk about the results, but we see that children really like the parents, visiting the Museums of the World, increase their cultural level and become volunteers in the development and implementation of the new program.

Modern computer information technology has been introduced into museum activities for about 20 years. First of all, museums began to computerize their funds in order to form catalogs of their collections in electronic form. Based on these electronic catalogs, the technology of accounting for museum values \u200b\u200bin the computer began to form. Technical progress and modern image processing technologies allowed many museums to form image databases. Computer technologies made an information revolution in the museum area. Everyone knows that on average museums exhibit no more than 5% of collections. The remaining values \u200b\u200bare stored in the funds. Thanks to computer information systems, this information material becomes available for study by experts.

Computer technologies are intensively introduced into various other areas of museum activities: these are restoration processes, and training museum expositions and exhibitions, educational programs for children. Computer systems are successfully used to serve visitors. With these systems, anyone can book tickets for visiting museums, exhibition halls or concerts. There is no doubt that the intensive development of the world information system of the Internet, makes the museums take advantage of its unique capabilities.

If in general, we take the sphere of culture, then the web resources created in the field (however, not every resource is a full-fledged site with a professional design and worked web scenario), are in an emerging state. There are photo exhibitions, information about modern artists and on cultural organizations, as regards the actual information about the historical and cultural heritage, it is insignificant compared to what is real.

Until now, the task of modern information support in the field of culture is often understood as equipping cultural institutions with modern equipment and staff training work with it. However, it is obvious that the use of new information technologies implies not just a quantitative, but also a qualitative change in the professional activities of cultural workers, and work with information rises to another, fundamentally new level.

Innovation of the modern museum

The modern museum is saturated with means of displaying information. The number of personal computers can exceed the number of museum staff, for a significant part of the equipment is intended for visitors. Already 20 years computers are used as aids:

· Favorable work on accounting and storage (museum AIS);

· Explanatory presented in the exposure (kind of electronic labels and explication);

· Often directly presenting the stored material material (for example, showing film films in the museum of cinema), etc.

Museum Web sites and CD-ROMs took their place on a par with traditional publications on paper.

In recent years, a fundamentally new approach to the use of modern means of displaying information has been formed in museum practice.

The first and easiest option is to use media media in artistic expositions when the program is an integral part of the submitted object. For example, in the Museum of Ethnology in Leiden (Netherlands) showed an exhibition of a political caricature, where monitors demonstrating telecom blasts were exhibited next to the caricature drawings. This greatly increased the effect of exposure to graphic sheets. However, today we are increasingly faced with a more radical approach. It becomes typical when the production of modern art is put up in the exposition, and on the monitor standing next to the monitor demonstrates his creation and says some text about him.

The situation of equality, the exposure equilibrium of material and virtual objects is possible not only in artistic expositions. Let us give a few examples of such pairs from a different type of museums:

· Musical instrument and his sound (Museum of music, Stockholm; House of Music, Vienna)

· Poultry scarecrow and record of her singing (Darwin Museum, Moscow)

· Shaman's outfit and video of ritual dance (Museum of Ethnology, Leiden)

· Form and equipment of the famous hockey player and a fragment of a match with his participation (Hockey Museum, Toronto)

· Scarecrow animal and video showing animal in a natural habitat (Naturalis Museum, Leiden)

· Technical objects and demonstration of their action on the monitor (Museum of Nemo, Amsterdam; Museum of Science, London; Museum of Technology, Vienna)

The situation is most interesting when a genuine material object cannot be represented in exposure, and multimedia takes on its functions. All this can be shown and with the help of traditional means (layouts, schemes, etc.), but modern means of displaying information turn out to be much more entertaining, and most importantly more authentic than anything else. Similar practice of using multimedia is widespread in natural science and technical museums, but also meets in the museums of an artistic and historical profile.

In 2005, an "Heritage Chukotka" museum opened in Anadyr. According to the press, this is the highest-tech Museum of Russia. Today, the exposition "point of reference" is presented here. This is an experimental work - the study of "boundary and border" effects in nature, the economy and the culture of Chukotka, performed by media art. All exhibits are on-screen images (documentaries and artistic, video and photographic materials, works of computer graphics, animation, web design). The exposition is controlled by three information sensory kiosks. The contents of electronic showcases (they form a dual plasma panels) is continuously transformed. The program is constructed in such a way that it can work both offline and obeying the requestster requests.

The use of information technologies is an integral part of the activities of the modern museum requiring careful interaction of various specialists and has a large number of advantages.

The role of the modern museum is not only in collecting and storing collections and exhibits. Currently, it is a socio-cultural center, which, together with the formation of the Fund, provides optimal conditions for leisure and user education. One of the features of this Culture Institution is the use of advanced information technologies in all spheres of its activities.

On the benefits of applying modern information technologies in the museum

The use of information technology in museum business makes it possible to solve many problems regarding the increase in the efficiency of the museum.

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The introduction of such innovations contributes to improving information activities.

Because of this, the staff of the Culture Institution creates the bases of museum collections and items. This significantly reduces the search for the necessary exhibits and the use of the results obtained in scientific, restoration, exposition and other purposes.

This disappears the need to duplicate the same information several times.

The creation of an automated information system allows you to quickly keep registering the necessary documents and fix the movement of exhibits not only within the museum, but also beyond.

Information technologies play a big role in design.

Thanks to their application, the visitor of the museum has the opportunity to get enough deep information about the events that the exhibition is dedicated.

And using the electronic guidebook, make a virtual excursion to exposure halls.

Among other things, it is worth noting other useful parties to apply informational innovation:

promoting the intensification of the publishing activities of museums;
acceleration of the publication process on electronic media of scientific and popular publications - catalogs, monographs, encyclopedias and others.

If we talk about creating electronic publications, then for their creation, as a rule, multimedia technologies of two species are used - static and dynamic.

CD-ROM and DVD are as first. And the second type includes publications on the Internet.

Most modern museums have their own website, which allows users to get different information about the activities of the museum, for example:

about the composition of the Museum Fund and Expositions;
on holding new exhibitions, conferences and other events;
on the work of the institution;
about the scientific publications available in the museum and so on.

It is necessary to note the advantages that multimedia provision gives for visitors to the modern museum:

freedom of choice;
in the game or active participation in the presented exhibitions;
orientation in the space of the museum;
demonstration of phenomena and processes that are quite difficult to observe in real life.

What functions of multimedia programs in the museum

In many modern museums, at the entrance to the exposition, information kiosks are equipped with various multimedia programs installed in them.

They perform a number of functions, among which it is worth highlighting the following:

search - a museum visitor can receive any information regarding the composition of the exposition, the principles of its organization, presented exhibitions and other things;
guide in a temporary exhibition or exposure - visitors can take advantage of the audio visual accompaniment, which provides a clear and interesting story on a particular topic, giving the opportunity to better understand the idea of \u200b\u200bthe exhibition;
tools for studying the collection or individual objects of the museum - contributes to the visual perception of the part of the collection, which was never represented by Universal Review;
narrator - Multimedia Exhibition Program complements major exhibitions, while providing a visitor to an interesting illustrated story about the topic, the idea and main tasks of the exhibition.

Multimedia systems can be installed not only in the form of an information kiosk.

Today, a wide variety of forms is applied, including special information zones, multimedia installations, museum guides and others.

Development of efficient museum services requires a combination of the efforts of many services: scientists, programmers, art historians, sociologists and others.

About the work of "virtual" museums

The widespread use of information technologies in the activities of the museum allows you to create the so-called "virtual" museum. He involves the use of visual images of those real museum objects and collections that are available in the museum.

Such images can be obtained using a local database or using modern communication tools.

For virtual museums, this feature is characteristic as interactivity. That is, each visitor can independently choose a virtual exhibit and consider all the details by turning it into different directions, approaching or removing at the desired distance.

Make it pretty easy. It is only enough to click on the selected image of the finger, as it will immediately appear close-up. The same must be done and when familiarizing with this or that information.

This approach to museum activities attracts not only the "advanced" users of older age, but also the younger generation. At the same time, quite close contact with visitors is being established, and the possibilities of transmitting information are significantly expanding.

But still do not forget that the museum is primarily the presentation of users of real objects. Therefore, information technologies, despite their enormous benefit in the development of the museum business, play a secondary role. They cannot replace the museum fund. But their assistance to visitors in familiarization with exposures or orientation in the museum space is invaluable.

What are the problems of using information technologies in expositions

Together with the advantages of using modern information technologies, there are some problems, for example:

the presence of multimedia can cause the negative attitude of those visitors who do not have high knowledge in this area, which primarily concerns people of the older generation;
multimedia museum space saturation in some cases distracts users' attention from real objects presented at the exhibition;
the use of IT sometimes leads to the fact that visitors to the museum behave "corner" with the rules accepted and so on.

To ensure the success of the application of modern information programs in the exposure or exhibition, first-invotable it is necessary to understand their advantages and restrictions. Multimedia technologies must interact and complement each other.

Material checked by experts Aktion Culture

Work in the field of information technologies is based on the concept of information support of the Kizhi Museum-Reserve and is conducted in the following areas:

The development of information systems (IP) is associated with the development of a comprehensive automated museum information system (Kamis). In 2007, this system was expanded to work with real estate monuments (Module "Architecture"). The new module allows you to enter real estate monuments into a single system, make bindings between them and stock items. In 2009, the "Archival Documents" block was added, which allows primary accounting and detail to describe documents included in the archive, automatically generate all the necessary documentation when working with storage units. An important feature of the installed module is the ability to attach to the card of an unlimited number of images, such as high-quality electronic copies of documents (drawings, photos) and even audio and video recordings. In 2010, a module "Restoration of movable objects" was introduced, which is designed to automate the accounting and scientific-offending work of the Restoration Department. It operates in relationships with accounting information about objects and allows you to automatically form documents on the restoration, to conduct registry of restoration passports. Thus, at present, Kamis Museum "Kizhi" includes modules: "Scientific and Stock Work", "Architecture", "Scientific Archives", "Restoration". The database volume is about 68 gigabytes, of which the text component is about 0.4 gigabytes (which is equivalent to 193,000 pages of the format A4).

In 2009, after work on the development of the network on the island of Kizhi, the possibility of year-round work with the Kamis museum system was created for employees of the Funds, both in Petrozavodsk and on Kizhi Island.

It should be noted that the Information Technology Department also contains permanent administration and maintenance and maintenance of all other IP and databases (database) of the museum, including the system of resource planning and selling tickets "TicketNet".

Support and development of the museum computer network. By the end of 2010, the Museum Computer Park has 170 computers (126 stationary and 44 laptops). Museum computers are combined into a common network, which allows employees, regardless of where they work - in Petrozavodsk or on the island of Kizhi, use general network resources - an internal web site, a file server, etc. Fiber optic channels between buildings in the city, Internet access channel, a VPN channel to the island, five DSL channels on the island are used as communication channels.

The Information Technology Department is undergoing continuous work to improve the museum network. For example, in 2008, a new communication channel was organized between the administrative building in Petrozavodsk and the Kizhi Island, which is an order of magnitude greater bandwidth than previously used. In 2009, Vasilyev's house was connected to the museum network on the island of Kizhi (Funds Department), as well as a new museum building in the city at: Fedosova St., 15. Summer Museum and Educational on the island was connected to the extended network on the island. Complex in the der. Jam, souvenir shop and warehouse. In total, there are 7 servers and more than 50 active network devices in the museum network infrastructure.

In 2010, the Museum began work on the project "Local Computer Network (LAN) to ensure the safety of objects on the island of Kizhi." The designed fiber optic network will be held through the whole island, 28 objects will be connected to it: house-monuments and infrastructure facilities (administrative buildings, clause, production complex, funds, etc.). The profound communication bandwidth will provide all requests for data transmission on the island, including a large number of security cameras. Design work performs Archimedes LLC (Kirov).

Development of the official website of the museum. Throughout the recent years, the site of the Kizhi Museum is one of the most popular museum Internet sites in Russia and steadily occupies leading places on the portal "Museums of Russia" by the number and voices of visitors. In 2010, more than 3,65,000 visitors (465,000 visits came to the official website of the Kizhi Museum (465,000 visits, in terms of Mail.Ru - 311000). The museum's website contains information about the exhibition of the museum, its stock meeting, natural heritage, as well as information on the activities of the museum in the area of \u200b\u200bpreservation, study and popularization of cultural heritage. The Information Technology Department of the Kizhi Museum is carried out by a permanent work on the technical and technological development of the site, filling it with current information, as well as improving the design.

In 2010, on the basis of the study, the format of information was changed on the initial page of the site: the most interesting information for Internet users was made on the first page (about the status of the museum and architectural monuments of Kizhsky, the museum, poster, webcams and museum internet -score).

The most popular site from Russian-speaking users from Russia and neighboring countries is the most popular. Distribution of languages \u200b\u200bon Internet service settings for visitors: Russian - 88%, English - 6.4%, German - 1%, Finnish, French - 0.55%.

The most popular sections are: "Information", "Architecture", "Museum Collections", "Virtual Travels", "Gallery". These sections reflect the main activities of the museum, regularly updated and contain a large array of relevant information - and that is why in demand. [Text from the site of the Museum-Reserve "Kizhi": http: // Site]

In 2007, the Internet project of the Museum "in front of the whole world", created to ensure information support for the restoration process of the Transfiguration Church on the Internet and create conditions for the information exchange and cooperation of restorers' specialists, became the winner of the VI All-Russian Media Competition "Patriots of Russia "In the nomination" For the development of the theme of folk traditions "-" Pavel Bazhov ".

In 2008, the Internet project of the Virtual Museum Travel Museum Museum was the winner in the Contest of Multimedia Projects "Content - 2008" in the framework of the annual international conference "EVA" in the "World of Hobbies" nomination.

One of the most popular and demanded virtual museum travel is the "Virtual Journey through the Karelian Peasant House" - an interactive tour of the actual existing exposition of the Kizhi Museum-Reserve is a house of Karelian peasant Yakovlev. In 2010, the Internet project was transferred to the people of the Karelian Language. It is the first and still the only Internet resource in this language.

The State Museum-Reserve "Kizhi" thanks Society "Lyydilainen Seura Ry" (Lyydilain Society (Finland)) for the translation of the Internet project "Virtual Journey through the House of Karelian Peasantina" on the people of the Karelian Language.

Technical and multimedia support of the museum events. No event of the museum is carried out without technical support from specialists from the Information Technology Department. For example, only in 2010, 95 applications for maintenance of museum events were completed - including such large as Intermuses - 2010, the holiday "Illusions of the Old Town", as well as all the exhibitions of the museum, lectures, holidays on the island Kizhi. More than 30 videos and multimedia presentations were created for exhibitions and events of the museum.

An important direction of work is the formation of a digital photo and video archive of the museum. Only in 2010, more than 14,000 images were added to the Museum Digital Photo Archive. The demand of the photo archives The museum is extremely high: its materials are actively used in the preparation of publishing and souvenir products, the development of multimedia and Internet projects, in museum information systems. In 2008, an intranet museum was opened a search web interface for museum digital photo archive, which allows the museum to use photo archive to use the museum.

// Report on the activities of the Kizhi Museum-Reserve. 2006-2010
Under total. ed. E.V. Averyanova; Cost. ed. N.M. Melnikova
Museum-Reserve "Kizhi". Petrozavodsk. 2011. 112 p.

Sections: History and social studies

The circle of problems actual for today's stage of development of improving the educational and educational system "Museum - School" is great. The museum in this sense is entrusted with serious tasks. The nature of interest in the museum has changed significantly - the museum becomes one of the potent funds of education, since the museum today is not a collection of exhibits, but a complex unity of architecture, science, art. Constantly developing and improving, the system "Museum - School" requires both teachers and museum workers of relevant professional knowledge and skills. It is obvious that guidelines and a teacher who want to use the museum in the educational and educational process for the teacher who wants to use the museum in the educational and educational process is extremely important to activate contacts between the school and the museum, which is interested in the experience of colleagues as much as possible. It is the fact that the merger of some sections of pedagogy and museum has become a platform for the creation of "Museum Pedagogy", the need to use which in the work of the secondary school and the modern museum is dictated by the time itself.

Some teachers believe that the excursion or lecture in the museum can replace the lesson. But visiting the museum should not repeat, but enrich the lesson. Help the Museum of School is not in the duplication of the lesson, but in expanding the representation of the guys about the world around the world, in the formation of aesthetic taste (Appendix 1). Museum exposition contributes to the special perception of the topic, a reliable assessment of the historical authenticity of an event or subject. It is the subject that is the object of comprehensive study by the museum, it is through the subject as a monument of human culture, the museum communicates with the visitor. Therefore, one of the tasks of museum pedagogy is to create prerequisites and conditions for the intensification of visitors to museums, in particular to improve contacts with museum objects, to organize the perception of information laid in them.

The basis of the work of any museum is the subject. It is a carrier of social and natural-scientific information - an authentic source of knowledge and emotion, cultural and historical value - part of the national treasure. An important feature of the museum subject distinguishing it from other sources is the ability of the subject to influence the emotional sphere of man. It is no coincidence that all researchers, along with other properties of the museum object, such as informative, representativeness (reflection of reality), are called: - Expressiveness - the ability to influence a person through their signs, attractiveness - attracting attention, associativity - a sense of concerns, empathy (1, 89.). In addition, each item is a sign of its time, reflecting the peculiarities of one or another era.

One of the main properties of the subject is informative. The use of various objects as a visual material in the lesson is widespread and the force of methodical admission. The main difference between the museum subject from the usual visual benefit in its authenticity, the functions of historical memory that keeps the experience of past generations. The museum object must be the original source of social information, to be genuine, kept for a long time. Equally important is the moral, aesthetic, the memorial value of the subject is everything that makes the subject of cultural value.

Work on the basis of the museum allows you to assemble a wide variety of sources on the same space: written monuments, real relics, visual materials, photos, objects of archeology, numismatics, bonissics, philateli, ethnography and many other materials. All this allows not only to show the diversity of sources, but also teach children the language of museum objects, give them the basis of independent research work with sources. In modern families, there are few things belonging to their ancestors who would personify the "connection of generations". Many children before visiting the museum never had the experience of studying old objects. Therefore, one of the tasks is not easy to draw attention to the museum subject, but also to disclose its character, features, properties. This attention to the historical source is implemented through a system of classes, a particular item becomes the main character.

One of the main forms of museum educational work is an excursion. The basis of the excursion is the presence of two elements: showing and stories. Excursion is a golden mean, where the guide is needed to be a stable equilibrium between showing visual objects and a story about them and events with them related. The show is the observation of the object under the guidance of a qualified guide. When showing, a person perceives not only the appearance of the subject, the monument, but also with the help of a guide distinguishes individual parts in it, takes part in their analysis, with the help of additional materials: auxiliary visual aids. The story during the excursion is an addition to the analysis of the auditorium, it is especially necessary in cases where the visual material is poorly preserved or completely lost. But it is impossible to abuse stories. As a rule, everything about what is going on the excursion should be represented in a visual series, which is observed by excursions. If there are no objects that reveal the topic can not be the most excursion. (2. 144)

An attempt to prepare a tour of the street on which a student, or any other street, a microdistrict, Sloboda, is an excellent final task to secure a large amount of information obtained at museum lessons. Alternatively and the result of an integrated lesson of local history and computer science using museum technologies - a virtual tour in multimedia design.

Another way to show the result of the research, local history activities of the student through museum technologies is the organization of the exhibition on a given topic, making changes to the exposition of the school museum, its update and addition. This work, like the preparation of the excursion, requires voluminous preparatory research and in practice enshrines the knowledge gained, in addition, contributes to the development of aesthetic skills in the guys, artistic taste.

Currently, the question of local history work at school is relevant. We consider the solution of this issue in terms of integration of local history with general education disciplines (historical regional studies, geographical and environmental defects, literary, etc.). The use of basic museum technologies will allow efficient, for many teachers in a new way to organize an educational process. Non-standard forms and methods for studying school discipline, creative control tasks will certainly contribute to the activation of the mental activity of the student, the development of its creative abilities, aesthetic perception and artistic taste. But the most important thing, the totality of these innovations helps the school teachers and the museum to solve one of the priority tasks of pedagogy - the upbringing of the sense of patriotism, which is achieved through the knowledge of the history of the native land.

You can not lose from the type of extracurricular forms of work. Local history mugs and sections, the organization and maintenance of the School Museum, an active part in local lore competitions and Olympiads is one of the important ways to conduct substantive and interesting work with students, the main way to transfer the knowledge and skills not provided for by the school program. The strict framework of the lesson does not always allow the answer to many questions that are interested in children do not always make it possible to help the child to learn additional techniques and skills necessary for the success of the schoolchildum learning process. In this case, extracurricular activities come to the rescue, on which schoolchildren acquire the necessary knowledge.

The activities of the local history, museum circle aims to master the skills of self-search, research work in archives, in libraries, in museums, interviewing the museum of interest to the museum or researcher, etc. The cycle of classes should provide for the excursion visit to the above institutions, independent work on finding the necessary, asked teacher, its processing, analysis of the work done during the meetings of the circle, further research planning, the definition of goals and objectives. Mastering the above skills forms a student orientation in the information space, which further makes it much easier for the preparation of various sorts of abstracts, local lore research, etc. In addition, members of the circle, provide practical assistance to the school museum, thereby delving into the essence of his work, are aware of the importance and significance of the existence of a museum business, coming to its activities.

The most susceptible audience is children, and it is on them, first of all, the educational activities of museums are focused; It is with children who works as a school, giving education and raising from the younger generation worthy citizens of their country.

References:

Lebedeva P.G. The specifics of working with the museum subject in the Children's Historical Museum // Museum of the 20th Century: Dream and Reality. - C-P .: 1999.
Ivashin N.N. Methods of preparing an exit tour. // Belgorod Local History. - Belgorod, 2001.