Makovsky Vladimir Egorovich Pictures and biography. Favorite Russian artists Konstantin Egorovich Makovsky "The best beauties in vain posed me

Artists who were partnership of mobile art exhibitions - "Movements" - left a bright trail in Russian painting of the last third of the XIX century. This is a very Russian phenomenon in the history of art, because his main feature has become the inseparable interchange of the artistic and public life of the country.

Vladimir Egorovich Makovsky joined the ranks of the Mobile in 1972, two years after his education, and was one of the most active parties. Makovsky's paintings enjoyed great attention throughout the entire period of the heyday of this artistic movement.

Biography

He was one of the three sons of Egor Ivanovich Makovsky - an outstanding artistic figure of Moscow, a collector, one of the founders of the famous Moscow school of painting, breeding and architecture. Both brothers - Konstantin and Nikolai - as well as the sister Alexander became artists, and the other sister - Maria - Singer. As a child, one of the teachers of Vladimir was the famous Vasily Tropinin.

The most first paintings of Makovsky, starting with the genre scene written in 15 years, "Boy selling kvass" (1861), discovered his great abilities both in the observation of events of his life, and in the transfer of them to the canvas. In 1861, he enters the husband - the School, one of whose founders was his father. He graduated from his assigned to the picture "Literary reading" (1865).

Many paintings of Makovsky became stages in his creative and professional development. For the canvas "peasant boys erase horses" (1869) he received the title of "Class Artist of the first degree", and for "Lovers of Solovyov" (1973) was produced in academician painting.

Pedagogical activity has been held a lot of time in the life of Master. 12 years he taught in the men - from 1882 to 1894, and the next 24 years - in the St. Petersburg Academy of Arts, becoming in 1895 by the rector of the Supreme Art School at the Academy of Arts.

The famous artist died in February 1920 in Petrograd.

"Game in grandmother" (1870)

The artist married early, and in 1869 his first son was born, who later also became an artist - Alexander Makovsky. Vladimir Egorovich, whose paintings already had a distinct genre affiliation, from that time a lot of attention pays for a children's topic. Among these, it is distinguished by the picture, which became the first, purchased by the famous Collector Pavel Mikhailovich Tretyakov. It became for the Makovsky symbol of the final recognition of him as a painter.

Peasant children play the most affordable game. It uses grandmas - small bones from a skeleton of pets - cows or pigs. This competition is accurate: those bones, in which they hit the special bitcom (grandmother, weighted lead), become the prey of the player.

... Now for them the main thing is the game they are given with all the passion. One, sitting, concentrately calculates prey, others carefully expect another throw. Makovsky, whose paintings are distinguished by meticulousness in domestic details, is accurate and in psychological nuances. All players possess their temperament, their own character. General - soft humor and optimism, indestructible even poverty and durability of surrounding buildings.

The early paintings of Makovsky distinguishes the excess study of parts, sometimes interferes with a holistic perception. In the future, the artist's brush acquires greater freedom, and the palette will become more integral, which will avoid some volatile inherent in particular, in particular, the picture considered by us.

"Lovers of Soloviev" (1873)

This canvas represented Russian painting at the World Exhibition in Vienna, where much attention was awarded from the audience.

The nightingale trill was ranked outside the window, and three men were heard, interrupting their nomudrennoye feast. One, standing, froze, looking into the window, trying to view a little piculet. The second, who clearly drank more of his buddies, squeezing the palm of the palm of the nightingale songs. The third, most solid, listens, thoughtfully taking the beard. Everything is full of lives and sound: light from the window, poses and gestures of characters, a pushed hot samovar, simple, but "tasty" written still life.

There is a review about this picture of the Great Dostoevsky, highly appreciated coming coming coming from the picture and attention to a simple person who had not only Russian, but also a universal scale.

"Condemned" (1879)

Gradually, in the plots of the artist disappears inherent in the early paintings humor and ironic attitude towards characters. The canvas acquire drama and ambiguity. These are several options for the picture depicting the differences that have become the path of the revolutionary struggle and the attitude towards such figures of representatives of different layers of the Russian people.

A young man armed convoy brings out of the courthouse. Relatives are expected at the exit, among which the mother, father, young girl and an elderly man. Apparently, the main character on the origin of the peasants or urban poor. His bride and her father belong to a more advantageous class. The artist does not show clear benevolence to the convicted person, not visible sympathy for him and the surrounding. He brought his loved ones one sense - the mother folded his hands, exhorted his son, his father sinks loosely.

Yes, and the revolutionary himself does not look like a unlimited hero of the sufferer for the people. In his glance - Lost and the lack of conviction in their right. Makovsky, whose paintings - the exact reflection of the moods reigning in the society, shows a change in attitudes towards the methods of combating the existing system, which resorted to radical parties and movements like "People's Will".

"Date" (1883)

Children - the topic that Makovsky often worked on. Vladimir Egorovich, whose paintings are first - only the reflection of child bearer, admiring the beginning of a new life, will continue to speak of different, often dramatic sides of childhood in the then Russia.

In poor families, it was customary to give children "to people." The child often became a powerful servant or an apprentice loaded by the bullshit. Getting from the owner only a pitiful food and unsecured shelter, the children stopped being a burden for the family, which is deprived of the family comfort and early adult. Such a way was especially commonly and accustomed to peasant families who gave the boy to the city.

It is about such a children's fate tells Makovsky. May take a lot of pages, although there are only two characters on the canvas. The peasant woman passed a long way with a small nodule and stick in his hands. She brought the son of Kalach to please her child. A woman with pity looks at the bare boy dressed in a dirty apron, - Obviously, he works in some workshop and received a few minutes of free time on a date with his mother.

The picturesque manner of the artist also changed - there are no detailed and carefully discharged details that distract attention and crushing the image. The gloomy color is not expressing joy from a short-term date, but to display the heavy mood of lost childhood.

"On the Boulevard" (1886)

Makovsky often said that at the disposal of the artist only a few minutes, for which you need to have time to tell the fact that the writer can take many pages. In 1880, the Master achieved the highest skill in creating similar paintings-novel. One of the similar vertices and picturesque skill, and in content is the canvas "on the boulevard". During this period, the paintings by V. E. Makovsky contain only two characters, but they are enough for a deep analysis of public problems of a huge scale.

Before us is a small story about a dramatic breakdown in the life of a young family. It seems that they come from the village, where they were preparing to live, like their parents, in ordinary writings and the joys of the peasant shock. But the husband pulled into the city, on earnings, on a new, "beautiful" and interesting life. And after some time, the wife came to visit the spouse. Now they are strangers. He managed to be soaked in the urban spirit - carefully monitor the appearance, in his hands a small harmonica - it can be seen that he likes most of all in urban life.

The girl is still quite young, but already understands that she can wait for the future, where she sees a complete extremeness. From this picture of Vladimir Makovsky, it also blows melancholy, it is a kind of mapping and private drama of two little people, and demonstrates the scale of the national problem of destroying the usual lifestyle, which developed for centuries, and now destroys industrial centers.

Heritage

Vladimir Egorovich was distinguished by tremendous hardworking and creative fecundity. The result of his many years of work was the true encyclopedia of the most typical phenomena of Russian reality at a breakfast of two centuries. He applied to the themes of a different scale - from domestic scenes to massive political shares - and embodied them with genuine artwork.

The historians of domestic arts note that by the end of the life of V. E. Makovsky became a supporter of more conservative views on the development of painting, negatively referring to the search for new topics and expressive means. But the scale of this figure in Russian visual art does not become smaller.

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Konstantin Makovsky is one of the largest painters and portraits of Russia of the 19th century, a member of the creative association of mobile art exhibitions, the author of genre-historical works, a man of great talent and skill.

Fate was favorable to this artist. His paintings were enjoying great popularity and highly appreciated both in Russian collectors and foreign. A huge part of the work replenished private collections. In Russian museums, for today's time, a very small number of pictures of this master, for the work of his grinding was leaving for foreign buyers.

There is no little, a picture of the "Boyarsky Wedding Pier in the 17th century", did not afford the Tretyakov himself, was sold for a huge one at the time of the amount of 60,000 rubles to the American master of the jewelry of Shumanu, who paid a three-year sum from the one that Makovsky asked for This is a product at the founder of the Tretyakov Gallery. The paintings of the artist were as expensive as the life he preferred. The master was bought in the rays of glory, the female female and loved luxury.

Childhood and youth

K. E. Makovsky was born in 1839. His father, Egor Ivanovich Makovsky was a famous artist, one of the founders of the School of Painting, Sculpture and Architecture in Moscow, who graduated from Konstantin in 1857, entered into this school, being a twelve-year-old teenager. Since childhood, the family reigned the atmosphere of the worship of artistic skills, in the house there were many famous figures and cultural figures.

At the footsteps of the Father, in addition to the eldest son of Constantine, other children went. The picturesque creativity and the schedule gave the strength and ability of the sons of Egor Ivanovich Vladimir and Nikolai, as well as daughter Alexander. Only the second daughter, Maria, devoted himself to singe art.

Konstantin Makovsky continued his studies at the Academy of Arts of St. Petersburg, where his talent and artistic gifts were revealed quickly. Already in 1862, the novice artist received a small gold medal for his first historical work on the subject of the murder of the son of Boris Godunov.

However, it was not necessary to finish the Academy in the usual manner of Makovsky and did not have to: in 1863, 14 students, including Constantine, turned to academic management with a request to independently choose the works applying for the main gold medal. Makovsky did not want to write a picture based on the Scandinavian myths.

After refusing in this right, the participants of the group with the scandal left the walls of the Academy, having received diplomas of artists of 2 degrees and subsequently founding the partnership of mobile art exhibitions. The so-called "Bunte of Fourteen" was reported to Emperor Alexander and the group quickly installed the inslace double observation: urban police and secret imperial.

Creative way

After completing the studies, Konstantin Makovsky is dipped into the creative process. In 1866 the artist awards for the painting "Literary reading". For the work on how the peasant children erase horses in the night, created in the story of the story of Turgenev "Bezhin Mead", the master received a gold medal with the assignment of the title of artist 1 degree. Children's theme he continued in the picture "Game in grandmother" (1870), where in the images of the heroes of the picture very subtly noticed their characteristic features.

In her early work, K. Makovsky creates deep semantic genre works. In 1870-72, from under his feather, paintings were published "In the admission of the doctor", attracted great attention to connoisseurs of typical images, humor and the original story "Balagans on Admiralteyskaya Square" with colorful types of representatives of Russian estates of those times, "Peasant dinner during Harsh "," Baby's Funeral "and" Children running from a thunderstorm. " In 1872-73, Makovsky creates a picture of "Lovers Solovyov", for which 1 prizes of the Society for the Promotion of Arts and the title of Academician.

In parallel, he successfully tries himself in a portrait genre, creating as images of famous artists, science and society, and ordinary people at this time, from under the artist's feather, "Portrait of A. I. Suvorina", "Girl in the scarf", "Vakhanka "," Young Italian with oranges "," Seleodochnitsy ", etc. The portrait of the artist O. A. Petrov was highly appreciated by V. V. Stasov, who wrote that this canvas is one of the best in portrait work as performed, So and at the amazing similarity of the image with a real character.

In 1876, being famous and popular, K. Makovsky rides a trip to Europe and Asia, visits Serbia, Bulgaria and Egypt. The crown of this trip was the creation of paintings that became one of the best in his gallery: "Dervishi in Cairo" and "Bulgarian martyrs", as well as portrait sketches "Arabian boy with an orange", "Caieien", "Egyptian warrior".

At the end of the 19th century, K. Makovsky creates a large number of weighty, spectacular and entertaining historical bells of the Boyarsky genre of the 17th century, who had the greatest success in the world of art. This and the above-mentioned picture about the wedding feast of Boyar in the 17th century, and "the choice of the bride of the king", (1887) and "Pier from Boyarozova", (1895). At the same time, a series of magnificent portraits is created: "Blind", "Monk - a collector of the delivers for the temple", "Ophelia", a lot of crafts with images hawed.

Makovsky was married three times, raised several children, one of whom, Sergey, was subsequently a famous poet and art critic. Remembering his life path, Makovsky wrote that he did not cut his talent given to him by God, in the ground, but did not apply it to the fullest. The artist stated that he loved her life too much, this love prevented him to fully surrender to creativity.

The master died in 1915, without recovering after falling on the street, at the age of 76, being still creatively active. The works of Makovsky are forever in the number of bestsellers of world artistic painting.

In terms of sales of the work of Konstantin Egorovich Makovsky (senior of the sons of the Dynasty of Artists of Makovski) are comparable unless with the canvas of Ayvazovsky, one of the most prolific Russian masters. The world glory of Makovsky was so great that it was his Americans invited to write the first presidential portrait of Theodore Roosevelt. In Russia, the enviouss called him a superficial artist who do not want to "dig deep into", but they could not deny the genius of a mild competitor's hand. The lion's share of his work was in private collections ...

The painting "Boyarsky Wedding Pier in the XVII century", one of the best masterpieces of Makovsky, enjoyed a dizzying success in 1883 at the World Exhibition in Antwerp and was awarded the highest award - a big gold medal. The Order of the King Leopold was awarded the artist himself. When working on this picture, the artist was posed by the wife of Julia Pavlovna (it was her face of the bride), her sister Catherine and the eldest son Sergey.

Boyarsky wedding feast in the XVII century, 1883

The best beauties in vain posed me. I earned huge money and lived with royal luxury. I managed to write a reasonable number of paintings, "Makovsky himself wrote. - I did not cut my god of this talent to the ground, but did not use it to the extent that could. I loved my life too, and it hurts me fully surrendered to art.

He loved and women. Konstantin Egorovich was a very loving man. By the time of exploring the first wife, he was already an extramarital daughter Natalia, Natalya Lebedeva, who only in 1877 received the name Makovskaya, the fruit of his student hobby.

Female portrait, 1860

In 1867, he married the young, who had given hope of actress of the Alexandria Theater - Elena Timofeevna Burkova (scenic surname Cherkasova), the extramarital daughter of Count V.A. Adlerberg, the former courtyard minister under Nicolae I, who gained education in Switzerland. Lenochka made a lot of love and sensitive sociability to his scattered "bohemian" life. She was fragile, painful and could not be considered beautiful, but from her appearance and from all the "manners" emancated inevitable charm.

It was a happy marriage of people with common interests and spiritual requests, but happiness lasted long. First, almost immediately after birth in 1871, the son of Vladimir died. In the same year, Elena discovered tuberculosis. Doctors said that they can save her a warm dry climate, and Makovsky took his wife to Egypt. However, nothing helped, and in March 1873 the artist widowed.

In the garden, 1870

Konstantin Egorovich in the young years had charming appearance, careless festive greasibility, the habit of rapid solutions, diligence and greed for the comforts of life. It was always in the spirit, friendly, elegant, a single, smelling cologne and a thin tobacco, carefree, charming, clever, with unusually strong health. A pushing-crispy head back, with early bald squeezed, LBU reported a pure-Russian face in a dark blond beard open and independent. Attention to the famous, bald artist, always acquired a shade of enthusiastic worship. In society, he was invariably encouraged and wondering, a smile appeared on the faces when Konstantin Egorovich was in the room.

Self portrait (so saw his second wife Julia Pavlovna Letakova)

Constantine Makovsky remained unfulfilled widower. In 1874, he met the fifteen-year-old Yulia Pavlovna Skolkov, who came to the conservatory (she had a beautiful voice, lyrical soprano), which soon became his wife.

Constantine Egorovich's meeting with Yulia Pavlovna took place on the ball in the sea corps. She walked only the sixteenth year, but she seemed older to reduce himself in society and mental maturity. Judging by the then bad photos, she was very beautiful. Konstantin Egorovich fell in love at first glance, and did not leave her all evening. The next day, the in love "Professor of Painting" hurried to invite everyone to him - "Purzing". Konstantin Egorovich led the young Svetkov to his hand and, sitting down the table next to him, said loudly - so everyone heard: "That's fine ... Be I have a hostess!". So began their engagement ...

Two weeks after the evening, on the Gagarinsky embankment, it was decided to play a wedding, as soon as the bride is sixteen. On January 22, 1875, a wedding took place in the post office church. The bride was 16, the groom is 36 years old.

Portrait Yu.P. Makovskaya, 1881

For one and a half decades, Julia Pavlovna Makovskaya - the artist's wife was his muse, a model for portraits, historical paintings and mythological compositions. This portrait occupies a special place among them, attracting the perfection of the model, the beauty of painting and the skill of execution. Contemporaries in one voice admired the beauty of Julia Pavlovna. Repin called her "an angel of ineverance of beauty." According to family legend, the appearance of the portrait was random. The wife rose to the workshop to the artist, surrounding the dark red velvet hood and blue ribbon. Konstantin Egorovich, who is enthusiastically working on some canvas, at first did not pay attention to her, and she, sneaking, sat down in a chair and began to absently cut the pages of the book with a knife from ivory. The artist turned around, immediately put a narrow canvas on the easel on the hand and sketched a silhouette of his wife with a book in his hands. In three sessions, the portrait was over, and the whole city spoke about him. "It is a raspberry dress and rings - a sharp high note among the dull tones of our gray everydays," he wrote one of the contemporaries.

In the spring of 1875, the spouses went to Paris. Konstantin removed the workshop on a clichium boulevard and an apartment in Brussels, burned from the couple of Viardo. Turgenev, whose portrait of Makovsky wrote earlier, was their frequent guest. In the house of Viardo gathered artists - Russians and Parisians, often the artists were often.

Female portrait (Yu.P. Makovskaya)

Makovsky returned from Paris in a year with a newborn daughter, and at the end of the summer there was a mountain - a girl died from Scarlantine. Seventeen-year-old mother was very hard for the death of a firstborn, but the youth took her, and soon she began to expect the addition of the family again, and I went to Nice on the amendment.

Konstantin Egorovich, who visited her when she went to work in Paris, found the Venetian frame and put his young wife in her, wrapped her head with something like a cherry turban, attaching an ostrich feather to him. A first session was written by her first portrait "in the Red Beret" who became a source of famous female portraits.

Portrait in Red Beret (Yu.P. Makovskaya)

On August 15, 1877 in the house of Pereyaslavtseva on the embankment from the Nikolaev bridge, the son of Sergei was born - the future artistic critic, an essayist, poet, editor and the publisher Apollon, a wonderful Russian magazine, Almanah.

We can say that Sergey literally became a model for paternal paintings. Later he recalled that he was very long dressed in the children's fashion of those years and the curls were growing, which was so liked Konstantin Makovsky. You can recall the pictures "in the artist's workshop" (which Konstantin Makovsky himself called "Little Thief"), "Little Antiquarian", "Seryozha".

In the artist's workshop, 1881

In 1879, Makovsky was born Elena, in 1883 - Son Vladimir, whom Great Prince Alexandrovich baptized, Brother Alexander III. They were also destined to become models of Konstantin Egorovich.

The workshop in which the children posed his father, in itself was a source of strong impressions: she was all hungry with Persian carpets, African ritual masks, ancient weapons, cells with singers. In Chinese vases, there were brushes, ostrich and peacocks feathers, the sofas were decorated with numerous brush pillows, and tables - ivory boxes. Naturally, children pulled in the office of the Father, and the posing was not in a burden.

Family portrait. Yu.P. Makovskaya with children Sergey and Elena

In 1889, Konstantin Makovsky traveled to the World Exhibition in Paris, on which he exhibited several of his paintings. There he met a 20-year-old Maria Alekseevna Matavin (1869-1919) and carried away to her. The fruit of this passion became born in 1891 the extramarital son Konstantin. The artist was forced to confess all his wife.

And she did not forgive treason. On November 18, 1892, Yulia Pavlovna filed a petition "On providing her right to reside with three children on a separate passport from her husband and to eliminate the latter from any interference in the case of the education and education of children." On May 26, 1898, official divorce was issued. Yulia Pevlovna was only 39 years old! Konstantin Egorovich 59 years old.

Portrait of the artist's wife Yu.P. Makovskaya, 1887

The remaining 56 years of life Julia Pavlovna lived in the family of Son Sergey. She in emigration, in France, helped his son writing an essay about the father who was particularly hard for him; He could not forgive him.

And Konstantin Makovsky on June 6, 1898 married Maria Mathatin, and the court legalized their children. By that time, Olga and Marina's daughter were also born. After the son of Nikolai appeared. The artist continued to use as models and children from the third marriage and his new wife.

Maria Alekseevna Makovskaya (Matavtina)

Konstantin Egorovich Makovsky died on September 17, 1915 as a result of an accident. He returned to his Vasilyostrovskaya workshop on the cab. Horses were frightened by the tram, a new type of transport, and rushed, turning the stroller. Konstantin Egorovich fell out of this stroller, having hit his head about the bridge, which caused a very serious injury that demanded operations. After surgery, he came to himself, but the heart could not stand too much dose chloroform. Konstantin Egorovich died, not coming into consciousness. So the 74-year-old brilliant life, full of work, joy and success broke out.

Konstantin and Olga Makovskie, 1894

The future artist, Konstantin Egorovich Makovsky, was born on June 20 (July 2) of 1839. His father, Egor Ivanovich, was a famous artistic figure of Moscow, one of the founders of the inventive class. The creative atmosphere surrounded the future artist and his brother from childhood. The father's house was constantly being famous painters, teachers of the school. It is not surprising that all the children of Egor Ivanovich: Alexander's daughter, Sons Konstantin, Nikolai and Vladimir, brought up in the spirit of love for art, influenced by the Father, Erudite and Enthusiast, became artists.

"The fact that it came out of me, I consider myself obliged not academy, not professors, but exclusively my father", - wrote on the slope of the years K. Makovsky.

In childhood everything is interesting. The cutting crow was ridiculous from the puddle. At Lazivka, a clean man traded a delicious raspberry kvass. In the store on the Tver Italian, Giuseppe Artari laid out the embers, discharged from abroad.

"Lose and remember!" Son's father inspired, and demanded a dice to sketch in a pocket album, street scenes, throw portraits of counter passersby, and at home asked the boy "Did you forget whether the man did not forget that Kvas treated you? And the crow was notable. Well, the pictures of them ... Art is a religion, art for that is to enjoy people, making them kinder and better. "

Kostya Makovsky painted from a four-year age everything that came across the eyes, and immediately showed the ability to easily "grab nature". Twelve years he entered the school of painting and science, where the first mentors were Scotty, Zaryanko, Tropinin. He learned the picturesque manner of the latter in perfection - a copy of Makovsky from a Tropininsky portrait was not distinguished from the original. Being in the "school" he received a small silver medal from the Academy for a pencil etude (1857).

In one of the days, Yegor Ivanovich kissed the Son: "And go, you, Kostya, in St. Petersburg ..."